How to understand living as life itself. Live like life. Almost always you can and should just say

In him(In russian language) all tones and shades, all transitions of sounds from the hardest to the most tender and soft; it is boundless and can, living like life, be enriched every minute.

Anatoly Fedorovich Koni, an honorary academician, a famous lawyer, was, as you know, a man of great kindness. He willingly forgave those around him for all sorts of mistakes and weaknesses. But woe was to the one who, while talking with him, distorted or mutilated the Russian language. Koni attacked him with passionate hatred. His passion delighted me. And yet, in his struggle for the purity of the language, he often went overboard.

He, for example, demanded that the word Necessarily meant only kindly, helpfully.

But this meaning of the word is already dead. Now, both in living speech and in literature, the word Necessarily came to mean certainly. It was this that revolted Academician Koni.

Imagine,” he said, clutching his heart, “today I’m walking along Spasskaya and I hear: “He Necessarily punch you in the face!" How do you like it? A person informs another that someone kindly beat him up!

But the word Necessarily no longer means kindly - I tried to object, but Anatoly Fyodorovich stood his ground.

Meanwhile, today in the whole Soviet Union you will no longer find a person for whom Necessarily would mean kindly.

Today, not everyone will understand what Aksakov meant when he spoke of a certain provincial doctor:

“In relation to us, he acted Necessarily" [S.T. Aksakov, Memories (1855). Sobr. cit., vol. II. M., 1955, p. 52.]

But no one seems strange to such, for example, Isakovsky's couplet:

And where do you want

Necessarily you will reach.

Much is explained by the fact that Koni was old at that time. He acted like most old people: he defended the norms of Russian speech that existed during his childhood and youth. Old people almost always imagined (and still imagine) that their children and grandchildren (especially grandchildren) mutilate the correct Russian speech.

I can easily imagine that gray-haired old man who, in 1803 or 1805, angrily banged his fist on the table when his grandchildren began to talk among themselves about the development of mind and character.

Where did you get this insufferable mind development? Must speak vegetation"[Proceedings of Ya.K. Grotto, vol. II. Philological investigations (1852-1892). SPB. 1899, pp. 69, 82].

As soon as, for example, a young man was told in a conversation that now he had to go, well, at least to the shoemaker, and the old men angrily shouted to him:

Not necessary, A need! Why are you distorting the Russian language? [In the Dictionary of the Russian Academy (St. Petersburg, 1806-1822) there is only necessary.]

A new era has come. Former young men became fathers and grandfathers. And it was their turn to be indignant at such words that the youth introduced into everyday life: gifted, distinct, voting, humane, public, dude[Neither in the Dictionary of the Russian Academy, nor in the Dictionary of the Pushkin Language (M., 1956-1959) the words gifted No. It appears only in the Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian, compiled by the second department of the Imperial Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, 1847). Words distinct not in the Dictionary of the Russian Academy. Words vote not in any dictionary before Dahl, 1882. The word dude created by Ivan Panaev (along with the word hanger) in the middle of the 19th century. See also Proceedings of Ya.K. Grotto, vol. II, pp. 14, 69, 83.].

Now it seems to us that these words have existed in Rus' since time immemorial and that we could never do without them, but meanwhile, in the 30s and 40s of the last century, these were newcomer words with which the then zealots of the purity of the language could not come to terms for a long time. .

Now it’s even hard to believe what words seemed at that time, for example, to Prince Vyazemsky base, street. These words: mediocrity And talented.“Mediocrity, talented,” Prince Vyazemsky was indignant, “new areal expressions in our literary language. Dmitriev told the truth that "our new writers learn the language from the labazniks" [ P. Vyazemsky, Old notebook. L., 1929, p. 264.]

If the youth of that time happened to use in a conversation such words, unknown to past generations, as: fact, result, nonsense, solidarity[Not a word fact, not a word result, not a word solidarity not in the Dictionary of the Russian Academy.] representatives of these former generations declared that Russian speech suffers considerable damage from such an influx of the most vulgar words.

“Where did this fact? - resented, for example, Thaddeus Bulgarin in 1847. - What is this word? Distorted” [“Northern Bee”, 1847, No. 93 of April 26. Journal stuff.].

Jacob Grotto already at the end of the 60s declared the newly appeared word ugly inspire[Proceedings of Ya.K. Grota, vol. II, p. 14.]

Even a word like scientific, and that had to overcome a great deal of resistance from the Old Testament purists before entering our speech as a full-fledged word. Let us recall how this word struck Gogol in 1851. Until then, he had not heard of him ["Gogol in the memoirs of his contemporaries". M. p. 511.].

The old people demanded that instead of scientific only spoke scientist: scientist book, scientist treatise. Word scientific seemed to them unacceptable vulgarity. However, there was a time when even a word vulgar they were ready to be considered illegal. Pushkin, not foreseeing that it would become Russified, retained in Onegin its foreign form. Let us recall the famous poems about Tatyana:

No one could have her beautiful

name; but head to toe

Nobody could find it

The fact that fashion is autocratic

Now it seems strange to everyone that Nekrasov, having written in one of his stories nonsense, should have explained in a note: “The lackey word, equivalent to the word - rubbish" [Cm. “Petersburg corners” in the Nekrasov almanac “Physiology of Petersburg”, part 1. St. Petersburg, 1845, p. 290, and in the Complete Works of N.A. Nekrasov, vol. VI. M, 1950, p. 120.], and the Literary Newspaper of those years, talking about someone virtuoso soul, felt compelled to immediately add that masterly-“newfangled word” [“Literary Gazette”, 1841, p. 94: “The soul is visible in the game and in the techniques virtuoso to flaunt a newfangled word”.].

"Live Like Life"

Marvel at the jewels of our language:

whatever sound is a gift;

everything is grainy, large as the pearl itself

N.V. Gogol

The language of the people is the best, never fading and ever again blooming color of its entire spiritual life, the language of brotherhood and justice, friendship and peace, proudly and boldly sounds in different parts of the Earth.

The Russian language belongs to the Slavic group of languages, its living East Slavic languages are related to it - Ukrainian and Belarusian; West Slavic - Polish, Koshubian, Czech, Slovak, Lusatian, South Slavic - Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian, Slovenian; dead - Old Slavonic (South Slavic), Palabsky and Pomeranian (West Slavic). Long before our era, in the territory between the Dnieper and the Vistula, the tribes of the Slavs separated themselves, who developed a common Slavic language. TOV- VIcenturies among the Slavs, by that time three groups had separated: southern, western and eastern. The isolation of groups of Slavic tribes was accompanied by the disintegration of the common Slavic language into independent languages.

From the 7th to the 9th century evolved, and from the 9th to the beginning of the 12th centuries there was an East Slavic (Old Russian) state - Kievan Rus. The population of Kievan Rus spoke dialects of the East Slavic (Old Russian) language close to each other.

In the 12th-13th centuries, Kievan Rus was divided into separate principalities East Slavic (Old Russian), the language gave rise to three languages - Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian.

On the northeastern outskirts of Kievan Rus XIVV. the state of Moscow Rus began to be created, the population of which spoke the emerging Russian language. In the era of the Muscovite state and in subsequent eras, the Russian language is the language of only one of the three East Slavic peoples.

Native Russian words are divided into 1) common Slavic, 2) East Slavic (Old Russian words) and 3) actually Russian

Common Slavic (beard, eyebrow, thigh, lip, etc.) and East Slavic (Old Russian) words (hook, blackberry, rope, etc.) the Russian language inherited from the Common Slavic and East Slavic languages.

From the fourteenth century in the Russian language proper Russian words began to appear (gazebo, stoker, etc.). proper Russian words were created on the basis of common Slavic, East Slavic (Old Russian) words and borrowed words.

Scientists, determining the origin of native Russian words, compare in all Slavic languages the meaning and pronunciation of words denoting the same objects, phenomena, signs, actions. Common Slavic will be those words that appear in all or most Slavic languages, and among these languages there must be, if not all those, then at least a part of each of all three groups of Slavic languages (eastern, southern and western). If it turns out that there are words, for example, only in Bulgarian, then these are South Slavic words; if in Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian, then these are East Slavic words. if words are available only in one of the languages, then already their own formations of one or another Slavic language, for example, Russian.

In the book by K. I. Chukovsky “Living like life”, the Russian language is described as a living organism, which successfully grows and develops from year to year. new words are created, old ones disappear. because life goes on. Some objects and concepts are born, others die. Some words remain in the language, although the concepts that they denoted have long disappeared from life. they continue to live, retaining a figurative meaning.

According to contemporaries, Pushkin, shortly before his death, heard from the famous collector of Russian words, Vladimir Dahl, that the skin that the snake sheds annually is called by the folk “crawl out”. He fell in love with this figurative word: after all, the snake, indeed, crawls out of its old skin, as it were. They recall that soon the poet came to Dahl in a new frock coat. “What a creep,” he said .... Well, I won't be crawling out of this crawl soon. In this crawl I will write this ... ". But fate decreed otherwise. A few days later, in this frock coat, Pushkin was mortally wounded. Just before his death, having given Dal his ring, which he considered a talisman, he managed to say: “Take a crawl out too.” This frock coat with a bullet hole in the right margin was kept by Dahl for a long time.

A.S. Pushkin not only made a huge, invaluable contribution to the development of Russian literature. He is rightly called the founder of the modern Russian literary language. “There is no doubt,” Turgenev wrote, “that he created our poetic, our literary language, and that we and our descendants can only follow the path paved by his genius.” Lomonosov paved the way for the creation of a unified literary language, while Pushkin, according to Belinsky, "made a miracle out of the Russian language." He managed to throw off the stylistic fetters of the former literary schools and trends, free himself from conventional genre canons. It was he who brought the poetic "language of the gods" closer to the living Russian speech.

Pushkin has long been called a people's poet. And not only because from the rural wilderness the poet eagerly absorbed folk words, listened to and wrote down fairy tales, proverbs and sayings. This element was close to his heart. “Something native is heard - in the long songs of the coachman ...”. Pushkin called folk speech "a living and boiling source." Known for his advice "Fellow writers, read folk tales."

Pushkin's language is extraordinarily rich. In terms of the number of different words he used, he surpasses such geniuses of world literature as Shakespeare and Cervantes.

But the language is constantly changing, and we will not find some words known to us in Pushkin. Pushkin did the most important thing: he combined different stylistic layers of the Russian language, crossed bookish and folk-everyday speech in artistic creations unsurpassed in their perfection and originality.

I believe that language is the greatest value of the people. Language reflects our thinking, mental development and is an indicator of our culture.

Live like life

Live like life
From the essay “What, finally, is the essence of Russian poetry” (1846) by N. V. Gogol (1809-1952). The writer also speaks in it about the merits of the Russian language itself: “Our unusual language is still a mystery. It has all the tones and shades, all the transitions of sounds from the hardest to the most tender and soft; it is boundless and can, living like life, enrich itself every minute, drawing, on the one hand, lofty words from the language of the Church-Biblical, and on the other hand, choosing apt names from its countless dialects ... "

Encyclopedic Dictionary of winged words and expressions. - M.: "Lokid-Press". Vadim Serov. 2003 .

See what "Alive, like life" is in other dictionaries:

The concept is multi-valued, changes its content depending on the field of application. In biol. sciences is understood as one of the forms of existence of matter, carrying out the metabolism, regulation of its composition and functions, having the ability to ... ... Encyclopedia of cultural studies

Studio album by Stas Mikhailov Release date ... Wikipedia

LIFE- Jesus Christ the Savior and the Giver of Life. Icon. 1394 (Art Gallery, Skopje) Jesus Christ the Savior and the Giver of Life. Icon. 1394 (Art Gallery, Skopje) [Greek. βίος, ζωή; lat. vita], Christ. theology in the doctrine of J. ... ... Orthodox Encyclopedia

A special qualitative state of the world is perhaps a necessary step in the development of the Universe. The naturally scientific approach to the essence of life is focused on the problem of its origin, its material carriers, on the difference between living and nonliving things, on evolution ... ... Philosophical Encyclopedia

Life is a way of being of entities (living organisms) endowed with internal activity, the process of development of bodies of organic structure with a steady predominance of synthesis processes over decay processes, a special state of matter achieved in ... ... Wikipedia

LIFE- LIFE. Contents: Definition of the concept of "life" ........292 The problem of the emergence of life on earth. . 296 Life from the point of view of dialectical materialism .................... 299 Life, the main concept developed by the primitive ... ... Big Medical Encyclopedia

LIVE, who is alive, who lives, living, in whom or in what there is life; | about God, who is, who is, eternal, who dwells in independent being; | about man and animal, breathing, not dead, not dead, retaining signs of earthly life; | about the soul: gifted ... Dahl's Explanatory Dictionary

As Told By Ginger Type ... Wikipedia

English The Life and Death of Jeremy Bentham Lost TV Series Series ... Wikipedia

The Life and Death of Jeremy Bentham The Life and Death of Jeremy Bentham Series of the television series Lost Episode number Season 5 Episode 7 Director Jack Bender Scriptwriter ... Wikipedia

Books

, K. I. Chukovsky. With the work of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969), they begin to get acquainted in early childhood, in order to discover new facets of the writer's talent all their lives. Get acquainted with…
Collected works. In 15 volumes. Volume 4. Live like life. About the Russian language. Chekhov. Repin. Application, Chukovsky Korney Ivanovich. With the work of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969), they begin to get acquainted in early childhood, in order to discover new facets of the writer's talent all their lives. Get acquainted with…

There are about six thousand languages on our planet today, some of them do not have a written language, some are spoken by a very small percentage of the population. But, nevertheless, they all exist and, of course, develop. Language is as much a living organism as a person. Language development is the enrichment of vocabulary, the transition from one part of speech to another, the obsolescence of words, the expansion of the meaning of a word, and so on. It's sad when a language stops developing. This happens for various reasons.

First of all, because this language is spoken

several hundred people, the old generation is leaving, and the young does not want to use the language of their ancestors. As a result, a whole heritage, a unique vision of the world, has been lost. Today, experts are concerned: languages are disappearing at a tremendous rate, so that only half of the six thousand languages and dialects of the world will remain in a hundred years.

Also, languages are dying out in those countries (USA, Australia) where native native speech speakers are forced out into isolated areas. In order to participate in the common life of the country, they must switch to its main language, thereby losing their own.

Some dead languages are still used in our lives, but we do not use them in written or spoken language. For example, the language of the church, Latin, which is used in some Catholic rites, Tibetan is used in the lamaist church among the Mongolian peoples. Hebrew has an interesting history. It is a modern modification of the Hebrew language. Here there was a transformation of the dead language of the church into a colloquial one, that is, the dead language, as it were, came to life, began its second life.

It is very bad when a language dies, so every nation should take care of the development of its language, know and respect it, and especially not litter it with foreign “words” and slang expressions.