Straightening of the nasal septum (in medical terminology, the name “septoplasty” is accepted) is a surgical intervention on a curved vertical plate that divides the nasal cavity into two halves and consists of bone, cartilage and membranous parts.

This is one of the most common operations in the practice of an operating ENT doctor. It is carried out for strict medical reasons in patients with nasal breathing problems.

Structure and anatomy

The cartilaginous part forms the anterior zone of the septum, due to which it is more elastic and has relative mobility, especially in the area of ​​the vestibule. The middle and posterior sections are formed by bone tissue.

The final formation and ossification of the septum occurs by the age of 10-12, after which it continues to grow only due to the bone zones. These two sections grow differently, so ridges and spikes often appear at the junction of cartilage and bone.

Causes of deviated septum

According to statistics, people with a perfectly even partition are almost never found. In the majority of the population, it has varying degrees of thickening, spikes and bends.

Such a deformation is diagnosed already in adolescence, when the child's intensive growth occurs. What can cause this problem:

1. Uneven growth of different parts of the septum is the most common cause.
2. Traumatic injury that causes deformity.
3. Compensatory curvature in the presence of chronic hypertrophic rhinitis, tumor or foreign body in the nasal cavity.
4. Congenital curvature associated with trauma during passage through the birth canal or anomalies in the development of the bones of the skull in the prenatal period.

Interesting

The second most common cause is a nose injury, and most people don't even remember how they got it. Such bruises and injuries occur regularly in children, they do not show any symptoms other than a slight swelling, and then grow together on their own, causing deformities and bone spikes.

Types of curvature

Patients often do not understand that if the septum is curved in almost all people, then whether it is worth paying attention to this and how dangerous this condition can be.

Although such a deformation is common, problems can only arise when when it interferes with normal physiological nasal breathing. What can this condition lead to:

Chronic inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses. The curved area irritates the mucous membrane, causing its swelling and compensatory growth. The outlet openings of the sinuses swell and stop working normally - all this leads to the constant maintenance of the inflammatory process in the nasal cavity.

Disturbance of olfactory sensations. Prolonged congestion and swelling lead to atrophy of the olfactory nerve, and the person begins to faintly distinguish odors.

Frequent headaches. The lack of full nasal breathing causes a violation of the normal blood supply to the brain. A person is worried about headaches, lethargy, drowsiness.

Development of chronic atrophic processes in the oropharynx (pharyngitis, laryngitis, etc.). If the patient has, he begins to breathe through his mouth, the mucous membrane of which is not intended for inhaling cold, unpurified air. Back wall the pharynx begins to dry and become inflamed, which leads to illness.

Hearing and ear problems. The nose is connected to the ear by a special Eustachian tube, through this tube air enters the ear, which equalizes the pressure in the middle ear.

When the septum in the nose is deformed, it clogs the outlet of this pipe. A person is worried about stuffy ears, and otitis often develops against this background.

Snoring and attacks of nocturnal suffocation.

Source: website

Indications for surgery to straighten the septum of the nose

Correction of a deformed bone plate in the nose is carried out only in those cases

1. Persistent congestion not related to colds or allergies.
2. The presence of complications from the middle ear (chronic suppurative otitis media).
3. Chronic inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, when the curvature prevents the normal outflow of contents from the sinus.

Is it worth doing an operation if at the moment there is a pronounced displacement, but there are no complaints yet?

In some patients with severe displacement, the other half of the nose breathes well, and they adapt to this condition without complaining of difficulty breathing.

With age, the compensatory capabilities of tissues decrease and complaints may appear, but the doctor will no longer take responsibility for performing the operation due to age and the presence of contraindications.

If there is a serious displacement, then it is better to perform septoplasty at a young age, without waiting for problems to appear.

Preparation of patients before surgery: examinations and tests

Like any surgery, deviated septum correction involves serious preoperative preparation:

1. X-ray of PPN (paranasal sinuses) or CT (computed tomography). In order to clarify the condition of the paranasal sinuses and structural features of the nasal cavity.
2. General clinical blood and urine tests, blood for sugar.
3. Blood chemistry.
4. Coagulogram (indicators of blood clotting).
5. Blood test for group and Rh.
6. Fluorography and examination by a therapist.
7. Tests for syphilis, HIV and hepatitis.

If the patient has concomitant diseases, then the specialist should give his recommendations on the possibility of surgical intervention.

The exact list of studies and analyzes will depend on the clinic to which the patient applied.

What other requirements must the patient fulfill:

The operation is not carried out during acute or exacerbation of chronic infections. If a person falls ill or an old disease worsens, he needs to be treated, recover for 2-3 weeks, and only after that go to septoplasty.

Women do not have surgery during menstrual bleeding, immediately after it or before it. You need to time it so that the offset correction is performed approximately in the middle of the cycle.

One week before alignment of the cartilage plate in the nose, stop taking anticoagulants and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, as they affect blood clotting.

Contraindications

Correction of a deformed septum is not carried out in the following cases:

1. Diseases and disorders of the blood coagulation system.
2. Severe decompensated diseases of internal organs.
3. Mental illnesses and deviations.

A relative contraindication is the age of the patient. So, this displacement is not operated until the age of 18, but in special cases it can be performed in a child starting from the age of seven.

After 55-60 years, they also try not to do septoplasty, but if there are serious indications and the patient's health allows, then the doctor may take a chance. Do not do septoplasty during pregnancy.

How to straighten the nasal septum: septoplasty

The operation is performed in the department of otorhinolaryngology. On the night before the intervention, the patient should not eat, it is allowed to drink some water.

It is allowed to perform septoplasty under local anesthesia (anesthesia) and under general anesthesia. Both types of anesthesia have their advantages and disadvantages, therefore, this issue must be resolved together with the attending physician, who knows the features of the problem and the presence of concomitant diseases.

If the patient has chosen local anesthesia, then an hour before the operation, he is injected

How is the operation done

Classical septoplasty goes like this:

1. The doctor anesthetizes the nasal cavity with an anesthetic solution (lidocaine and others).
2. Using a syringe, an anesthetic solution is injected into the mucous membrane.
3. Performs an incision from the most curved side and begins to slowly exfoliate the mucosa and perichondrium, continuing to anesthetize as necessary.
4. Isolates the cartilage of the nose and removes it. Then it reaches the bone part of the septum.
5. A chisel or hammer knocks down a ridge or spike that caused the curvature.
6. The incision is sutured and gauze pads are placed in the nostrils, which fix the septum in the middle position and help stop bleeding.

The intervention itself lasts on average about an hour, depending on the type of anesthesia and the characteristics of the patient's septum.

Types and methods of septoplasty

Each septum is unique, therefore, various modifications of the classical operation are applied.

In addition, development modern technologies made it possible to correct the deformity with a laser and with the use of an endoscope.

There are many varieties of classical septoplasty: redressing, sparing and circular resection, and others. All these types of surgical interventions differ in the amount of cartilage left.

Laser straightening of the nasal septum

There are two ways:

Septochondrocorrection with laser. It is carried out in a polyclinic. The laser heats the cartilaginous part of the septum, the cartilage becomes soft and plastic. He is given desired shape and fix with swabs.

This is a bloodless, low-traumatic intervention that can help. For many patients, it is not suitable, since problems arise precisely with the bony part of the septum.

Laser septoplasty. It takes place in the same way as the classical operation, but instead of a scalpel, a laser beam is used, which immediately cauterizes the vessels and reduces blood loss.

What does endoscopic septum alignment mean?

The operation under an endoscope (special video equipment) allows you to examine in detail and carefully examine the curvature in the deep parts of the nose.

Rarely used in conventional septoplasty. It is more often used when several types of surgical interventions are combined, for example, if you need to perform septoplasty and sinusotomy.

What operations can be combined with the alignment of the nasal septum

The elimination of the deformity does not affect the external nose, so if the patient is worried about the hump or other problems, then septoplasty can be combined with:

• rhinoplasty;
• and foreign bodies;
• lower conchotomy (removal of overgrown turbinates in hypertrophic rhinitis);
• sinusotomy. Surgery to eliminate chronic processes in the paranasal sinuses.

Postoperative period

What to expect after the operation is over and tampons are placed in the nose:

In the nose for 2-3 days there are tampons that prevent the patient from breathing through the nose. Exist different types tampons: from ordinary gauze to special hygroscopic ones, inside which a latex breathing tube passes.

As long as the nose is blocked the patient has a dry mouth, a headache, and a slight increase in temperature. This is fine.

If your nose hurts while eating, talking and drinking. This is removed with painkillers.

When can you take out a tampon?On average, after 2-3 days, in patients with a tendency to bleeding, they can stand up to a week. Only a doctor removes them to avoid possible complications.

Does it hurt to remove tampons? This procedure is unpleasant, because if the tampons are gauze, then they dry up to the mucous membrane and cause pain when they begin to get out. This can be avoided by first soaking them on both sides with hydrogen peroxide.

Further recovery after the operation will go faster. After removing the tampons, the patient is prescribed to drip saline or oil (an oil solution of vitamin A, E, etc.) into the nose so that the healing of the mucous membrane goes faster.

For a month, bloody crusts can stand out from the nose, but the swelling will subside after 12-14 days, and full nasal breathing will be restored.

How long will the nose heal after correction? It depends on the characteristics of the patient's tissues, but on average, rehabilitation is a month. The final result is evaluated 3-4 months after the intervention.

How to avoid complications after surgery

What complications can occur after septoplasty:

• bleeding;
• the formation of adhesions;
• infection and inflammation of the postoperative wound;
• hematoma (accumulation of blood in a closed cavity);
• scarring;
• perforation (perforation) of the septum.

Each of these complications requires different measures:

1. When bleeding, hemostatic agents are administered.
2. With spikes, they are cut with a scalpel.
3. Antibiotics are prescribed for infection.
4. The hematoma is punctured and a pressure bandage is applied.

Complications cannot be guaranteed to be avoided, and their probability can be reduced only by following all the doctor's instructions on the regimen and care of the postoperative cavity.

Cost and reviews

How to find out how much it costs to align the partition. If the patient has indications, then in public clinics this operation is performed free of charge.

In private structures, the price depends on the level of the institution, the qualifications of its staff, the length of stay, the type of anesthesia and the complexity of the intervention. Price starts from 35 thousand rubles and higher.

photo

The nasal septum is a combination of cartilage and connective tissue that separates the nasal passages. With a curvature of the nasal septum, breathing difficulties appear, the nose becomes stuffy. Treatment is possible without surgery with timely access to the ENT and diagnosis.

The causes of pathology are divided into:

• physiological (hereditary deformations or inconsistent growth of the cranium, especially characteristic of adolescence);
• traumatic (injuries of the facial part, displacement of the cartilage after a strong blow, fractures);
• compensatory (pathology occurs as a result of other neoplasms in the nasal cavity, polyps and tumors);
• viral (curvature due to illness, SARS, influenza, otitis media, sinusitis).

Signs of a deviated septum

There are a number of signs that provoke difficulty breathing and speak of pathology:

• junction of the wings of the nose to the septum. For this reason, the supply of oxygen is hindered;
• decrease in stroke at the angle of concavity of the partition. Compensation occurs by increasing the nasal passages and provokes difficulty breathing;
• decrease in travel at the angle of convexity. The sinuses of one of the nostrils are reduced so that breathing is impossible;
• air movement disorder inside sinuses. With pathology, oxygen flows from the upper and middle strokes to the lower one are difficult;
• irritation of the nasal mucosa. In pathology, oxygen intake provokes circulation and irritation of the receptors, edema appears and mucus is separated.

Types of pathology

The first type is divided into:

Curvature symptoms

The curvature of the nasal septum (which can be treated without surgery at the initial stage) can be identified by some signs:

The impact of pathology on health

A curved septum has an effect on the vital activity and work of some organs and systems:

• due to impaired respiratory intake and oxygen access, the patient has headaches, migraines. With untimely treatment, pain may increase, drowsiness, decreased performance, fatigue appear;
• physical activity also becomes problematic due to impaired respiratory functions;
• in pathology resulting from a previous disease or the formation of polyps, a deterioration in the quality of sleep is characteristic. A patient who is unable to establish a sleep pattern experiences constant irritation, inattention, absent-mindedness, the development of neurosis and depressive states;
• deterioration of smell, loss of appetite;
• violation of cerebral circulation, which sometimes ends in death;
• dynamics of the inflammatory process in the middle ear, slight or complete hearing loss.

Diagnostic methods

Diagnosis of curvature is carried out by an ENT doctor and includes the following methods:

Methods of non-surgical treatment

Treatment of a curvature of the nasal septum without surgery involves the use of the following methods:

• washing (using a solution of salt and water, pharmaceutical products, iodized solutions);
• spray application;
• drugs that constrict blood vessels;
• antibiotics to block infection.

In addition to drugs, physical actions on the area of ​​damage are used to exclude pathology:

• osteopathy. Light massage of the bone cartilage of the facial area;
• nose pad. This is a plastic clip in the form of a butterfly with silicone wings, which is attached to the nose for a couple of hours a day. It has an effect on the cartilaginous base, leveling it;
• conservative treatment. Recommended if curvature is provoked viral diseases, edema or polyps. After the cause is eliminated, the partition returns to its original state.

These funds do not eliminate the cause of the pathology, they contribute to the normal functioning of systems.

Surgical intervention

The curvature of the nasal septum, the treatment of which without surgery is often effective, can be completely eliminated surgically. For this purpose, a procedure called septoplasty is used.

Indications for the procedure:

• inability to breathe in one or more nostrils;
• ear inflammation;
• otitis;
• headache;
• impact on the nasal mucosa;
• visible defects (perceptible curvature, hump).

Contraindications:

Preparation for the procedure includes:

• surrender standard package analyses;
• quitting smoking and alcohol;
• exclusion of other infections in the body (protection against hypothermia).

A local anesthetic is applied just before the procedure. The patient is placed on the table, dissected and separated from the septal mucosa of the nostrils, plastic is performed, then sutures are applied.

During the day, you must wear a swab with a hemostatic solution.

After 4 days, the respiratory function fully returns, but the surgeon should be observed for a month to exclude pain and complications.

Complications:

• scar formation;
• bleeding;
• bruises;
• the onset of the inflammatory process;
• temperature.

In addition to classical septoplasty, there are such types of it as:

• endoscopic.

The difference from classical septoplasty is that an incision is made in the nasal sinuses, through which deformed areas of bone and cartilage are removed;

• laser.

Considered the most modern and painless method, the procedure takes place within 20 minutes and rehabilitation is completed faster.

• radio wave.

It is carried out using a video endoscope and the Surgitron apparatus, curved sections of cartilage are removed while maintaining the integrity of the septum. The procedure lasts an hour, after which it is recommended to spend 72 hours in a hospital.

• ultrasonic.

The method is used for mild deformation. High-power ultrasound acts on the spongy substance of the septum and it straightens. The recovery period is short.

Folk methods for correcting a septum

Folk methods for excluding deformation are chosen by many, due to their availability. These include:

Means of alternative medicine

Treatment of a deviated septum can be productive without surgery. Alternative medicine products are inexpensive and do not take long to use.

If the pathology is not traumatic in nature, but occurs as a result of the development of a viral process, then home solutions will help relieve puffiness and improve breathing:

In addition to solutions, ointments and compresses are very popular:

1. ¼ of an aloe leaf must be wrapped in gauze and applied alternately to each previously cleaned nostril.
2. camphor oil it is necessary to rub the sinuses from the inside;
3. a compress of black radish and honey - the root should be peeled and grated, mixed with honey in equal proportions, wrapped in gauze. The compress is put into each nostril for 15 minutes.

Laser correction and prices in Russian clinics

Laser septoplasty - modern method curvature treatment.

Advantages:

• minimum loss blood;
• no tissue trauma;
• the laser is an antiseptic;
• reducing the risk of complications.

Prices for laser correction in Moscow clinics range from 19 to 98 thousand rubles:

Clinic name	Price
MC im. Svyatoslav Fedorov	19 thousand rubles
Family medical center	54 thousand rubles
Perinatal medical center	98 thousand rubles
CDB civil aviation	20 thousand rubles
Kremlin polyclinic	48 thousand rubles
MEDSI	31 thousand rubles
GVKG them. Academician N. N. Burdenko	39 thousand rubles

Treatment with breathing techniques

The curvature of the nasal septum, the treatment without surgery of which involves many methods, is successfully corrected with the help of breathing exercises. They should be carried out on the street, or in a well-ventilated area. With a significant curvature and difficulty breathing, it is recommended to use vasoconstrictor drugs before exercising.

Preparation:

1. you need to take a deep breath through the nose;
2. the air flow should not reach the larynx. The chest does not increase in volume;
3. then you should stop breathing for a few seconds and exhale through the nose;
4. preparation takes about 3 minutes.

Exercises:

Some people are very unhappy with the shape or size of their own nose. And if the organ is also curved, then this often becomes the cause of psychological discomfort. Therefore, many people have a strong desire to solve this aesthetic problem as soon as possible.

The shape of this organ depends on the surrounding soft tissues and the bone and cartilage framework. Visual problems arise with the following parts of the nose: nostrils, wings, tip, back. The internal structure includes the nasal bones, maxillary processes and cartilages.

The septum has a separate meaning regarding the configuration of the olfactory organ. From the back, it is formed by the vomer and the plate of the ethmoid bone, and from the front - by monolithic cartilage. All this is under soft tissues that create contours.

Causes of the curvature of the nose

This problem has many causes, but they are all divided into acquired and congenital. The following factors are capable of provoking deformations:

• infectious diseases;
• rickets;
• the presence of tumors;
• injury.

Also, curvature may appear due to abnormal growth of the facial bones in childhood. The consequences of an unsuccessful surgical intervention is another common cause.

Main symptoms

If the olfactory organ is curved, then this can be seen with the naked eye. However, in addition to changes in appearance, the work of the respiratory tract is often disrupted. At the same time, patients have not only aesthetic, but also physiological problems. In most cases, the following symptoms are observed:

Headaches, mental deterioration, and snoring may also occur. If you have these symptoms, you should immediately contact an ENT specialist.

Surgery

Rhinoplasty is resorted to in the presence of medical or purely aesthetic indications. Due to aesthetic considerations, the operation is often approached by politicians, actors and others. famous people who are not satisfied with their appearance. But the doctor is much more important conditions in which you should get rid of local pathology:

• nosebleeds;
• vasomotor runny nose;
• the presence of rhinosinusitis.

Correction of the septum and other defects can eliminate symptoms and improve the condition. In addition, patients at the same time disappear dissatisfaction with their appearance. This is especially true for girls.

Preparatory activities

Medical indications are determined by the physician during the examination. Surgical intervention is not resorted to without prior rhinoscopy and a number of other tests. Rhino- and septoplasty can be done only after the treatment of inflammation in the nasal cavity. In addition, such operations are not performed on minors, since their growth of cranial bones has not yet been completed, therefore the result of surgical intervention can change dramatically for the worse.

Operation

Today they are especially popular mini-invasive surgeries. These technologies imply minimal trauma and fast postoperative recovery. Septoplasty is performed without any external incisions. During the operation, the specialist injects local anesthesia. Full rhinoplasty involves the use of general anesthesia.

Rehabilitation

After rhinoplasty, cotton swabs are placed in the nasal cavity to prevent excessive bleeding and protect the damaged mucosa. They are taken out after three days. A plaster bandage is placed on the outer part of the nose, which must be worn for one to one and a half weeks. A positive result after the operation can be seen after three months, but final conclusions can be made only after one year.

Correction of the curvature of the nose through surgery - the most effective technique, which gives a stable aesthetic and therapeutic result.

Is it possible to do without surgery

For those who are afraid or cannot afford to have surgery, you can use the following non-surgical techniques:

If no more than three weeks have passed since the fracture of the nose, then the defect can be corrected by instrumental or manual (finger) reposition, followed by fixation of a plaster cast. Thermoplasty with a laser beam is carried out only when the cartilage is deformed, which are located on the front side of the nasal septum. And the introduction of fillers and lipofilling allow you to adjust appearance olfactory organ, without any effect on its work. Not everyone can get rid of curvature with the help of gymnastics and massage procedures.

Often people come to doctors with the words that they are very worried about their nose. Before correcting a crooked nose, the specialist sends the patient for an examination, which allows you to determine the nature of the problem - aesthetic or medical. Then ways are determined to improve the appearance and condition of the nose.

Convinced that a face without a nose is not at all the same, many people try to improve this important detail of their appearance as much as possible. This is quite possible with the help of a number of special exercises.

The nose changes throughout life, the passage of time lengthens and expands it, its original shape is lost due to the weakening and sagging of the muscles of the cheeks, while the subcutaneous fat layer at the wings of the nose becomes thinner and, in confirmation of the law gravity, the nose is more and more attracted to the ground.

How to improve the shape of the nose with exercises?

Exercises designed to strengthen the nasal muscles under the nostrils will help improve the shape of the nose. Even if it has not given you grief in the past, efforts should be made to keep the nose strong, young, even and beautiful.

However, taking into account the existing shape of the nose, the condition of the muscles and your aesthetic views, you should choose the right exercises for the nose.

Option 1

For example, you are the owner of a long, large nose, with a small hump, possibly curved to the side. In this case, it is necessary, according to Carol Maggio, to apply an exercise to shorten the nose.

Such actions aimed at shortening the nose will shorten and narrow the tip of the nose, improve its shape and condition of the upper lip. In this case, the lowering nasal muscle is trained. With a satisfactory tone of the muscles of the nose, it becomes possible to hide a small hump.

For the exercise, take ip: the stomach is pulled in, the buttocks and muscles of the front surfaces are tense. After that, the bridge of the nose is taken with the index and thumb, which are squeezed and pressed on the nose. The index finger of the other hand at this time rests on the tip of the nose from below. The lower lip should be pulled down, while the tip of the nose should also drop. This position should be fixed for a second, then release the lip and relax. These actions must be repeated forty times.

When performing an exercise to shorten the nose, you need to feel that the tip of the nose rests on the finger. When performing an exercise to shorten the nose, the flow of oxygen increases, which stimulates blood circulation in the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe upper lip and nose, so a tingling and warming sensation should be felt around the nose. The nose shortening exercise should be performed once a day, however, if you think that the length of your nose or its width is completely unacceptable, proceed with the two-time procedure.

In i.p. you need to rest against the tip of the nose with your index finger from below and press up. Next, you should slightly open your mouth, and tuck your upper lip to your teeth. The exercise lies in the fact that the upper lip should be pulled down, pulling it over the teeth, and then returned back. The exercise is repeated forty times.

It is possible to determine which muscles of the lower jaw take part in the exercise by adjusting the distance at which the mouth opens slightly during the exercise.

To make the nose thinner and narrower, it is necessary to use a group of muscles inside the nose that tightens and narrows the shape of the nose.

If you lower your chin and open your mouth, you can see in the mirror that the nose narrows. So fix this position for five to ten seconds. The result will definitely be noticeable in half a month or a month, and the exercise itself should be repeated thirty times twice a day.

To strengthen the nose, place the middle fingers on the nose so that the fingertips touch each other at the bridge of the nose. Next, you should carefully pull the skin down and strain your nose, fixing this position for ten seconds. The tension of the muscles of the nose under the fingers should be clearly felt.

We continue to say what to do if the nasal septum is curved. This time - about the methods of treatment, the effectiveness of the operation and its risks.

ARTEM CHEKHOVSKY

doctor with deviated septum

What are the complications

Postoperative bleeding.

If the surgeon removes too much of the septum, a hole may appear between the nostrils.

Loss of smell.

Infection and prolonged healing of the postoperative wound.

Will septoplasty change the shape of the nose?

Septoplasty is done to correct the shape of the nasal septum. The operation usually does not affect the shape of the nose. But there are 2 situations where this can happen.

The surgeon removed too much of the septum. The frame disappears at the nose - it “sags” or leans to one side. This complication of septoplasty occurs in 0.4-3.4% of cases.

The cartilage was twisted too much. Then the surgeon can put the cartilage “in place” during the operation and improve the appearance of the nose.

Left: The cartilage is so curved that it can be seen in the mirror. Right: smooth septum after septoplasty / Photo: nos-zdorov.com

What's with the seam? I don't want a scar on my nose!

Usually, during a septoplasty, the incision is made inside the nasal cavity. The scar in this place is not visible.

In rare cases (severe trauma, combination of septoplasty and rhinoplasty), the incision is made under the tip of the nose. A small scar will remain here, which can be seen if you raise your head high.

Left: nose before septoplasty. Right: nose after septoplasty with a small scar under the tip of the nose / Photo: blizko.ru

What will happen after the operation?

At the end of the septoplasty, the nasal septum needs to be fixed with something. For these purposes, turundas or splints are used.

Turundy- This is gauze that doctors put in the nose after surgery. They put pressure on the nasal mucosa, which prevents bleeding and prevents the septum from “moving out”. Breathing through turundas will not work.

Through the nostril, gauze 50-70 cm long is inserted into the nasal cavity. Her ends remain outside / Image: pikabu.ru

Splints- these are spacers made of silicone or teflon. They squeeze the septum from both sides and prevent it from bending again. In function, it is similar to plaster: splints fix the cartilage and bone while the septum fuses in the middle of the nose. Inside the splints there is a hole through which you can breathe.