The famous Soviet dietitian M. Pevzner developed diets or tables used for various diseases. So, diet 1 is intended for people suffering from peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum or gastritis.

Characteristics of diet table 1

This diet is divided into several tables:

• Diet 1a. Provides maximum thermal, chemical and mechanical sparing of the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, which reduces the activity of inflammatory processes and creates favorable conditions for healing erosions and ulcers. Diet 1a is usually prescribed in the first 6-8 days of an exacerbation of peptic ulcer, as well as in acute gastritis or in the first days of an exacerbation of chronic gastritis with low acidity. Food is steamed or boiled, served in pureed liquid or mushy form. Both cold and hot dishes are completely excluded. Allowed: liquid pureed milk porridges and soups with the addition of butter, steam omelet, milk, jelly, rosehip broth and weak tea. Eating every three hours. Warm milk is required at night.
• Diet 1b. It is prescribed after diet 1a, when patients begin to subside symptoms of exacerbation of peptic ulcer or gastritis. In addition to the dishes listed above, diet 1b includes white bread crackers, vegetable puree soups, steamed fish and meat cutlets.
• Diet table 1. This diet is prescribed to patients after the complete subsidence of exacerbation of stomach diseases. It differs from diet 1b in that dishes can be cooked in a non-mashed form.

Diet table 1: what foods are allowed?

• Bakery products - yesterday's or dried wheat bread, lean and very well-baked buns, biscuit cookies, dry biscuit;
• Soups on vegetable broths, milk and cereal soups;
• Lean meat in the form of steam zrazy, cutlets, meatballs, as well as boiled tongue and liver;
• Milk and dairy products (non-acidic kefir, fresh grated cottage cheese, a little sour cream);
• Steam omelet or soft-boiled eggs;
• Cereals - rice, semolina, buckwheat, oatmeal. From them you can cook puddings, soufflés, steam cutlets, cereals and soups.
• Pasta;
• Vegetables: cauliflower, beets, potatoes, carrots, ripe tomatoes, pumpkin, zucchini. Diet 1 recipes call for these vegetables to be boiled or steamed. With diet 1a, vegetables are excluded, and with diet 1b, they are served pureed.
• Snacks. As snacks for diet table 1, you can use boiled liver pate, boiled tongue, sturgeon caviar, low-fat and well-soaked herring. Boiled vegetable salads are allowed with the addition of boiled chicken breast or lean beef. No more than once a week, you can eat a small piece of mild cheese.
• Sweet dishes - baked or boiled fruits and berries, compotes, kissels, mousses, marshmallows, marshmallows, honey and sugar.
• Fats - butter and vegetable oils added in accordance with the recipes of diet 1 in ready-made meals.
• Drinks - rosehip broth, weak cocoa with milk, weak tea, sweet fruit juices.

What foods can not be used in the diet table 1?

If you suffer from peptic ulcer of the stomach or duodenum and you are prescribed therapeutic nutrition - diet table 1 according to Pevzner, then you must abandon all products that enhance the secretory function of the stomach. These include:

• Rye bread, as well as any fresh pastries, muffins, puff pastry products;
• Meat and mushroom broths, rich vegetable broths;
• Stringy or fatty meat;
• Salted and / or fatty fish, as well as canned fish;
• dairy products with high acidity, salty and spicy cheeses;
• Fried or hard boiled eggs;
• Some types of cereals (corn, barley, barley, millet);
• legumes;
• Mushrooms, cucumbers, spinach, sorrel, radish, swede, turnip, White cabbage.
• Smoked meats, spicy and salty snacks;
• Insufficiently ripe fruits and berries, not pureed dried fruits;
• Ice cream, chocolate;
• Pepper, mustard, horseradish;
• Kvass, carbonated drinks, black coffee, strong tea.

In order to remember which foods are allowed and which are prohibited, the easiest way is to use the diet summary table 1, which can be downloaded from the Internet or made independently. It includes several columns. The first of them indicates the general name of any food, for example "Vegetables". The second column indicates those that you can use, and the third - those that should be discarded. Diet table 1 helps to significantly alleviate proper organization medical nutrition.

Diet 1 recipes include cooking either steamed or boiled. During an exacerbation of peptic ulcer, they are served in a pureed form.

Not all patients tolerate milk well, the consumption of which in diet 1 should be about 5 glasses a day. In this case, it is allowed to mix milk with weak sweet tea.

Meals should be frequent and in small portions. Both too hot and cold foods should not be consumed.

As practice shows, adherence to diet 1 in two weeks leads to a noticeable improvement in the health of patients. But, like any other method of treatment, the diet table 1 requires a certain consistency and self-discipline from them. Violation of the principles of therapeutic nutrition, as well as the use of prohibited foods until the end of the full course of treatment, almost immediately leads to discomfort and pain in the stomach.

Treatment tables (diet) according to Pevzner- this system of diets, created by Professor M.I. Pevzner, one of the founders of dietology and gastroenterology in the USSR. The system is widely used in the complex treatment of diseases of patients in hospitals and sanatoriums. The tables are also advisory in nature to patients when they are outside of medical institutions.

The Pevzner diet system includes 15 treatment tables corresponding to certain groups of diseases. Some of the tables are divided into categories with letter designations. Categories of therapeutic diets correlate with the stage or period of the course of the pathological process: exacerbation (peak) of the disease → fading exacerbation → recovery.

Indications for the appointment of medical tables:

• Diet No. 1, 1a, 1b- gastric and duodenal ulcer;
• Diet #2- atrophic gastritis, colitis;
• Diet #3- constipation;
• Diet No. 4, 4a, 4b, 4c- bowel disease with diarrhea;
• Diet No. 5, 5a- diseases of the biliary tract and liver;
• Diet number 6– urolithiasis disease, gout;
• Diet No. 7, 7a, 7b, 7c, 7g- chronic and acute nephritis, CRF;
• Diet number 8- obesity;
• Diet number 9- diabetes;
• Diet number 10- diseases of the cardiovascular system;
• Diet number 11- tuberculosis;
• Diet number 12- diseases of the nervous system;
• Diet number 13- acute infectious diseases;
• Diet number 14- kidney disease with the passage of stones from phosphates;
• Diet number 15- diseases that do not require special diets.

Indications:

• in the stage of exacerbation and unstable remission;
• acute gastritis;
• chronic gastritis with normal and high acidity in the stage of mild exacerbation;

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: at least 2-3 months

Products:

Power features:

Food is served in a semi-liquid or jelly-like form warm, meat dishes and potatoes without toasting. Limit the content of table salt.

Table No. 1a

Modification of the main table with strict sparing of the gastric mucosa, which provides for the intake of food in a liquid, mushy and jelly-like form.

Indications:

• gastric and duodenal ulcer (pronounced exacerbation);
• exacerbation of chronic gastritis with severe pain syndrome;
• condition after (after a strict sparing diet).

Diet: 5-6 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

Recommended: milk, mucous cereal milk soups with butter; porridge liquid, mashed, milk; soft-boiled eggs or steam omelets; steam soufflés from lean varieties of fish, meat; creamy unsalted or olive oil, cream; berry, fruit (non-acidic) and milk jelly, carrot, fruit juices, rosehip broth, weak tea with milk.

Salt is limited to 5-8 g, liquid - up to 1.5 liters. Additionally, vitamins A, C, group B are prescribed.

Table №1b

It is prescribed for the implementation of a smooth transition from a strict sparing to the main diet.

Indications:

• subacute phase of peptic ulcer and exacerbation of gastritis.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

Features of food and products:

Food is cooked in a puree form, add 75-100 g of white bread crackers premium, meat and fish in the form of cutlets, dumplings, meatballs. More often give mashed milk porridge. Milk soups, cereals.

Table number 2

Indications:

• chronic gastritis with low acidity;
• atrophic gastritis;
• chronic colitis without exacerbation.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: for a long time

Products:

Power features:

Boiled, stewed, baked dishes are allowed, with varying degrees of grinding. It is allowed to fry dishes without the formation of a rough crust (do not bread in breadcrumbs). Products with high content fiber and dietary fiber are served pureed. Indigestible foods are excluded, as well as dishes that irritate the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract, excessively cold and hot dishes.

Table #3

Indications:

• chronic diseases and functional bowel disorders accompanied by constipation.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: unlimited

Products:

Power features:

Food is cooked mostly unground, boiled in water or steamed, baked. Vegetables and fruits are consumed raw or boiled. The diet includes cold first and sweet dishes, drinks.

Table number 4

Indications:

• acute and exacerbations of chronic bowel diseases, accompanied by diarrhea (diarrhea)

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

Products:

Nutrition Features:

Mechanical, chemical and thermal irritants of the gastrointestinal tract are sharply limited. Excluded are foods and dishes that stimulate the secretion of the digestive organs, the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines. Dishes are liquid, semi-liquid, pureed, boiled in water or steamed. Excluded very hot and cold dishes.

Table No. 4a

Indications:

• colitis with a predominance of fermentation processes.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

The composition is the same as in diet No. 4, but carbohydrate-rich foods (cereals, bread, sugar) are sharply limited and the protein content increases due to meat dishes, mashed cottage cheese.

Table №4b

Indications:

• chronic colitis in the stage of attenuation of the disease.

Diet: 4-6 times a day

Appointment term: from 1-2 months to several years

Diet features:

Unlike the main version of the diet, snacks are allowed (mild cheese, doctor's sausage, pate, veal, soaked herring, aspic meat, aspic tongue) and sauces (on meat, vegetable and fish weak broths with dill, parsley leaves, milk bechamel sauce with the addition a small amount of sour cream, fruit sauces, cinnamon can be used).

All dishes are boiled or steamed, pureed, slimy, served warm.

Table №4v

Indications:

• acute bowel diseases during the recovery period as a transition to rational nutrition;
• chronic bowel disease during the period of attenuation of exacerbation;
• chronic bowel disease without exacerbation with concomitant lesions of other digestive organs.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: a few months

Power features:

This diet is prescribed in order to provide good nutrition in case of disruption of the intestines to restore the function of others. digestive organs. The diet is physiologically complete with limited salt intake and a slight increase in the amount of protein foods. It excludes, activates its secretion, as well as the secretion of the pancreas and stomach. Cooking dishes need to be steamed, chopped, or baked or boiled.

Table number 5

Indications:

• chronic hepatitis with a benign and progressive course;
• cirrhosis of the liver without exacerbation;
• chronic cholecystitis;
• cholelithiasis;
• acute hepatitis and cholecystitis during the recovery period;
• other diseases accompanied by dysfunction of the liver and biliary tract.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: unlimited

Products:

Power features:

Dishes are mostly boiled or baked, after pre-cooking. Food is cooked mostly in unground form. Flour and vegetables for dressing are not fried, but dried.

Table No. 5a

Indications:

• acute hepatitis and cholecystitis;
• exacerbation of chronic hepatitis, cholecystitis, liver cirrhosis.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

Power features: nutrition is the same as with diet No. 5, but you should eat more protein-containing foods, limit foods containing fats and carbohydrates; dishes that enhance the processes of fermentation and putrefaction in the intestines, strong stimulants of bile secretion and substances that irritate the liver.

Dishes are cooked boiled, mashed, served warm. Separate baked meat and fish dishes are allowed, pre-boiled, without a crust.

Table number 6

Indications:

• gout;
• urolithiasis with urate stones.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: long

Products:

Power features:

Culinary processing is usual, excluding the obligatory boiling of meat, poultry and fish. Food temperature is normal.

Table number 7

Indications:

• acute nephritis in the recovery phase;
• chronic nephritis without exacerbation;
• nephropathy of pregnancy and other diseases requiring a salt-free diet.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: long

Products:

Power features: the diet is complete, practically does not differ from the diet of a healthy person. Patients are advised not to abuse protein products (up to 0.8–0.9 g/kg) and limit salt somewhat (7–8 g/day).

Table No. 7a

Indications:

• acute and chronic nephritis in the acute stage;
• terminal HPN.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

Power features: modification of the main diet with the complete exclusion of salt, a sharp restriction of fluid and protein.

Table №7b

Indications:

• recovery period after acute inflammation of the kidneys;

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: several days to several months

Power features: modification of the main diet with restriction of salt and protein, is transitional from No. 7a to No. 7

Tables No. 7v and No. 7g

They are prescribed to persons with severe nephrotic syndrome and those on hemodialysis, respectively.

They are a modification of the main diet with an increased protein content.

Table number 8

Indications:

• obesity as a primary disease or concomitant with other diseases that do not require special diets.

Diet: 5-6 times a day

Appointment term: long

Products:

Power features:

Reducing the caloric content of the diet due to carbohydrates, especially easily digestible. and, to a lesser extent, fats (mainly animal) with a normal protein content. Restriction of free fluid, sodium chloride and appetite-stimulating foods and dishes. Increasing the content of dietary fiber. Dishes are boiled, stewed, baked. Use sugar substitutes for sweet foods and drinks.

Table number 9

Indications:

• mild to moderate diabetes mellitus;
• establishment of tolerance to carbohydrates;
• selection of doses of insulin or other drugs.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: sometimes for life

Products:

Power features: dishes are served boiled, baked, steamed, fried - limited.

Table number 10

Indications:

• atherosclerosis with damage to the vessels of the heart, brain or other organs, high blood cholesterol;
• cardiac ischemia;
• arterial hypertension on the background of atherosclerosis.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: long

Products:

Table number 11

Indications:

• tuberculosis of the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, joints with a mild exacerbation or its attenuation, with reduced body weight;
• exhaustion after infectious diseases, surgery, injuries.

Diet: 4-5 times a day

Appointment term: 1-2 months or more

Products:

Power features:

The diet is characterized by high energy value with a high content of proteins, minerals and vitamins.

Table number 12

Indications:

• functional diseases of the nervous system.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: 2-3 months

Products:

Power features:

It is advisable to use tongue, liver, legumes, dairy products more often. Dishes are served in any form, except fried.

Table number 13

Indications:

• acute infectious diseases.

Diet: 5-6 times a day

Appointment term: a few days

Products:

Table number 14

Indications:

• urolithiasis with phosphate stones and alkaline urine.

Diet: 5 times a day

Appointment term: long term

Products:

Power features:

A complete diet with limited calcium-rich and alkalizing foods.

Table number 15

Table No. 15 is indicated for diseases in which there is no need for therapeutic diets. This diet is physiologically complete, while spicy and indigestible foods are excluded. A day should consume 90 g of protein, 100 g of fat and 400 g of carbohydrates. You can eat almost all foods, except for fatty poultry and meat, mustard, pepper and refractory animal fats.

Indications:

• diseases that do not require a special diet

Diet: 4 times a day

Appointment term: unlimited

Products:

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The use of diet No. 1 according to Pevzner, or table number 1, is aimed mainly at ensuring the protection of the stomach from mechanical, chemical and thermal influences. At the same time, all indigestible and irritating foods, as well as very hot and very cold dishes, are completely excluded from the diet.

Diet number 1a

Indications : peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in the acute phase (in the first 8–12 days); acute gastritis, exacerbation of chronic gastritis and gastroduodenitis (during the first days of treatment); after operations on the stomach (after 6-7 days); esophagus burn.
general characteristics : a diet with limited energy value mainly due to carbohydrates, but also proteins and fats, to a small extent. Products that are strong causative agents of gastric secretion, irritating mechanically, chemically and thermally (very hot and cold) the gastric mucosa are excluded.
: proteins - 80-90 g (65-70% animals), fats - up to 80-90 g (20% vegetable), carbohydrates - 200g.
Energy value - 1850-2000 kcal.
: lean meats (beef, veal, rabbit) without tendons, fascia and fat, peeled, in the form of mucous puree or steam soufflé 1 time per day; steam soufflé from low-fat fish; scrambled eggs; milk, cream, curd steam soufflé; milk liquid cereals from semolina, rice and buckwheat, baby food flour, oatmeal; vegetables in the form of baby food; sugar, honey, milk jelly, jelly, mousse on gelatin from non-acidic berries and fruits; decoctions of wild rose, wheat bran, juices of fresh non-acidic fruits and berries, diluted with water and sugar, weak tea with milk or cream.
Excluded foods and dishes : bread and other flour products; meat and fish and mushroom broths; fatty meats and fish; pasta, legumes and other cereals; cheese and lactic acid products (kefir, curdled milk, sour cream, cottage cheese, etc.); raw fruits and berries; sauces and spices; coffee, cocoa, kvass, carbonated drinks.
Diet : the diet provides for bed rest. Food is taken every 2-3 hours 6 times a day in fractional portions in the form of heat (40-50 ° C).

Approximate one-day diet menu No. 1a.
1st breakfast: soft-boiled eggs (2 pcs.), milk (180 g).
2nd breakfast: fruit jelly (180 g), milk (180 g).
Dinner: slimy oat milk soup (400 g), steamed fish soufflé (110 g), fruit jelly (125 g).
afternoon tea: rosehip broth (180 g), milk (180 g).
Dinner: soft-boiled egg (1 pc.), milk semolina porridge (300 g).
For the night: milk (180 g).

Diet number 1b

Indications : peptic ulcer in the period of exacerbation (after 8-12 days stay on diet No. 1a); acute gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis; after operations on the stomach (transition from diet No. 1a).
general characteristics : diet with moderate energy restriction due to carbohydrates. Normal content of proteins and fats. Strong causative agents of gastric secretion, chemical and thermal irritants of the mucous membrane are excluded; mechanical sparing of the stomach is less severe than in diet No. 1a.
Chemical composition and energy value : proteins - 90 g (60-65% animals), fats - 90 g (20-25% vegetable), carbohydrates - 300-350 g, energy value - 2400-2600 kcal.
Recommended foods and dishes : in addition to diet No. 1a, white crackers and dry biscuit 70-100 g, mashed potatoes, boiled meat and fish soufflé are recommended; mashed cottage cheese with milk; instead of mucous, pureed soups; vegetable purees, fresh sour cream sauces. Restrictions are less strict compared to diet No. 1a. Diet 1b is a transition from diet 1a to diet 1.
Excluded foods and dishes : the same as with diet No. 1a
Diet : Food is taken every 2-3 hours 6 times a day in fractional portions in a warm form (40-50 ° C) in a half-bed regime.

Approximate one-day diet menu No. 1b.

1st breakfast: steamed meat cutlets with milk sauce (110 g), pureed buckwheat porridge (200 g), milk (180 g).
2nd breakfast: fruit jelly (180 g).
Dinner: pureed rice milk soup (400 g), meat steamed meatballs (110 g), fruit jelly (125 g).
afternoon tea: rosehip broth (180 g), crackers.
Dinner: fish cutlets with vegetable oil (115 g), fruit compote (180 g).
For the night: milk (180 g).

Diet number 1 (basic)

Indications : peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum with a mild exacerbation and during the recovery period, chronic gastritis with normal and increased gastric secretion in the phase of subsiding exacerbation and remission (within 3–5 months); acute gastritis during the recovery period; after operations on the stomach in the recovery phase (after diets No. 1a and No. 16).
general characteristics : a physiologically complete diet with a restriction of strong causative agents of gastric secretion, irritants of its mucous membrane, long-term and indigestible foods and dishes
Chemical composition and energy value : proteins - 90-100 g (60% animals), fats - 100 g (30% vegetable), carbohydrates - 400-420 g, energy value - 2800-3000 kcal.
Recommended foods and dishes : yesterday's baked or dried wheat bread, dry biscuits, biscuit; soups from mashed vegetables, milk soups from mashed cereals; lean meat, poultry, fish, steam or boiled dishes from them; milk, cream, non-acidic kefir, curdled milk, cottage cheese; potatoes, carrots, beets, cauliflower; semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal; dairy and sour cream sauces, dill, vanillin; weak tea with milk or cream; sweet berries and fruits in pureed, boiled and baked form.
Excluded foods and dishes : rye and any fresh bread, pastry products; meat and fish broths, cabbage soup, borscht, strong vegetable broths; fatty meats, poultry, fish, salted fish, canned food; dairy products with high acidity; millet, barley, barley and corn groats, legumes, white cabbage, radish, sorrel, onions, cucumbers; salted, pickled and pickled vegetables, mushrooms; kvass, coffee, carbonated drinks, juices of sour and fiber-rich fruits and berries.
Diet : Food is taken 5-6 times a day in a warm form (40-50 ° C).

Approximate one-day diet menu No. 1

1st breakfast: soft-boiled eggs (2 pcs.), pureed buckwheat milk porridge (200 g), cocoa with milk (180 g).
2nd breakfast: baked apple(100 g).
Dinner: pureed rice milk soup (400 g), steamed meatballs (110 g), mashed potatoes (200 g), lemon jelly (126 g).
afternoon tea: rosehip broth (180 g), crackers (from the daily norm of bread).
Dinner: boiled fish (85 g), mashed potatoes with vegetable oil (200 g), tea with milk (180 g).
For the night: kefir (180 g).
All day: wheat bread (400 g), sugar (30 g), butter (20 g).

Diet 1a according to Pevsner is intended for preventive nutrition of people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Its essence is to reduce the caloric content of the diet due to the low content of fats and carbohydrates in food.

Menu for the week

To help in compiling a daily nutrition system, we present to your attention the table "Diet table 1a menu for the week"

After the retreat of the acute phase of the disease, it is allowed to add a small amount of crackers to the menu. It is important to control your salt intake. Ideally, 3-4 grams per day is allowed. It is important to prevent the secretion of digestive juice on an empty stomach. In this case, during the diet 1a with stomach ulcers and gastritis, all sorts of snacks are allowed. But in small quantities. You need to eat fractionally 200-300 grams per meal and 100 grams during a snack.

Dish recipes

Creamy turkey soup with potatoes and broccoli

To make cream soup you will need:

• Turkey fillet - 200 g;
• Potatoes - 2-3 pcs;
• Broccoli - 300 g;
• Water - 1 glass;
• Salt - 2g;
• A small piece of butter.

Cooking method:

• Boil the turkey fillet in lightly salted water and leave to cool;
• Boil vegetables in a water bath and grind in a blender;
• Finely grind the cooled turkey fillet in a meat grinder and add to the blender to the vegetables;
• Pour glasses of fresh boiled water, and add a piece of butter;
• Grind all the ingredients in a blender and serve.
• For decoration, you can use chopped lettuce, dill or parsley.

Ragout of rabbit meat, zucchini and potatoes in a slow cooker

To prepare the dish you will need:

• Fresh rabbit fillet - 300 g;
• Medium-sized zucchini;
• Potatoes - 2-3 pcs;
• Carrots - 1 pc;
• Bulgarian pepper - 1 pc;
• Any greens;
• Salt - 2 g;
• Water - 2 tbsp.

Cooking method

• Rinse the rabbit fillet and cut into medium-sized cubes;
• Peel the zucchini, potatoes and carrots and cut into cubes;
• Bulgarian pepper cut into rings;
• Put all the ingredients in a slow cooker, salt and add water;
• Select the stewing mode and bring to readiness for 1.5 hours until the rabbit meat becomes soft;
• Decorate the finished dish with herbs and serve.

Strawberry and cream mousse