Summary of Aesop's fable The Raven and the Fox. Aesop. Raven and Fox. How did you understand the moral of the fable?

Literary reading lesson. 3rd grade.

Lesson topic. The fable “The Crow and the Fox” by I. A. Krylov and “The Crow and the Fox” by Aesop.

Target:

Learn to define a fable as a genre of literature according to characteristic features, find morality in a work;

Tasks:

develop oral speech students, expressive reading and role-based reading skills;

cultivate moral qualities, collective skills creative activity, responsible attitude to the results of one’s activities, interest in literature.

Universal learning activities:

Personal: interest in the content of accessible works of art, in the world of human feelings reflected in the artistic text.

Cognitive: summarize and classify educational material; formulate simple conclusions.

Regulatory: change the position of listener, reader, viewer depending on the learning task.

Communicative: participate in expressive role-playing readings and dramatizations; monitor the actions of other participants in the process of collective and pair activities and, if necessary, make adjustments to them.

Subject results:

Knowledge distinctive features fables

Ability to find morality and allegory in a fable;

Knowledge about the life and work of I. A. Krylov, Aesop;

During the classes

1.Org. moment

The bell has already rung

It's time for us to start our lesson

2. Updating knowledge

1) Crossword (presentation)

2) Work in pairs

1 . Choose precise definition fables

Brief story

A cautionary tale

A short allegorical story of an instructive nature

(allegorical – containing an expression containing a hidden meaning)

2 . Find the signs of the fable

Written in verse

Animal heroes

A large work

Written in prose

Heroes are people

Contains a moral

A small piece of work

3. Sort the words into two groups

Perseus, Prometheus, Aesop, Krylov.

3. Setting the lesson goal

- Get to know a new fable and a new author.

4. Repetition of previously studied material.

Reading by roles.

Let's characterize the main characters of this fable.

What is the moral?

5. Introducing a new work. Aesop's fable "The Raven and the Fox"

Aesop - who is this?

Aesop -ancient Greek poet-. Supposedly lived around 600 BC. Aesop's original poems have not survived. The most ancient "Aesop's fables" have come down to us in later poetic adaptations.

In very ancient times there lived one man. He was a slave. His name was Aesop. They say that Aesop was very ugly: pot-bellied and hunchbacked, but the people around him did not notice this, because this slave was amazingly smart. Aesop invented short works. We will now get acquainted with one of them.

6. Primary perception.

Read Aesop's fable.

Did you like the fable?

What genre of work is this fable similar to? (fairy tale about living.)

What is the difference? (morality)

7. Analysis of the work

What is morality? (moral lesson)

In what form is the fable written? (in prose)

Are there any words in the fable whose meanings are unclear?

What can you say about the language of the fable? (on accessible language)

Name the heroes of the fable.

How is the raven shown in the fable? (stupid, gullible)

Fox? (cunning, smart)

Name the plot of the fable (she took the meat by deception)

Find in the text the words of the Fox in which she flatters the Raven.

What parts does a fable consist of? (introduction, main part, moral)

Where is the moral hidden in the fable? (in the words of the fox)

What does this fable teach us? ( There is no need to listen to false speeches, although they are pleasant to the ear, you need to make wise decisions. If the raven had simply fluttered up and flown away, he would have filled his belly, but because of his naivety and some stupidity he was left with an empty belly)

Why did it happen that the raven easily parted with its prey? What test did he fail? (tests of flattery, praise)

Read what the words “flatter” and “flatter” mean.

Who is flattering whom? Who does the fable condemn more: the stupid raven or the cunning fox? Prove your point using the moral of the fable.

What human flaw is being ridiculed? (stupidity)

8.Work with illustration.

Many artists have tried to depict these fables with a brush and pencil in order to visual arts we perceived the events described in these fables even more vividly. These are artists such as D.K. Gavrilenko, S. Yarovoy, Valentin Serov and many others. Special attention I would like to draw your attention to the work of Valentin Serov, it is in your textbook and on the screen.

Even though it's done with a simple pencil and dim, but look how the artist conveyed the images of the characters. Compare the size of the crow and fox figures. What can you say? Do their sizes correspond to reality? (The figure of the crow is much larger than the fox, it seems that the artist did the work sitting high on a spruce tree, next to the crow. A visual contrast is created - a large crow and a tiny fox)

Do you think it was possible from such a distance to see such details of appearance as “socks”, “feathers”, “eyes”?

What do these fables teach us?? (Do not believe the flattering words of others, do not always believe your ears, these words are not always sincere, do not be gullible, stupid)

Compare the fables of Aesop and I.A. Krylov using the table data.

What are the similarities between the fables?

How are fables different?

Working with a table (in pairs)

Ivan Andreevich Krylov

Writing form

Composition

In which fable is it easier to imagine the behavior of the characters?

I.A. Krylov used apt, precise words to convey the character of the characters.Let's look at the heroes of the fable as depicted by artists: Valentin Serov and G. Kupriyanov.

Did the artists manage to convey the characters' personalities?

How is Crow represented? Fox?

I.A. is rightfully considered the best fabulist. Krylov. It was not for nothing that in 1855 he Summer Garden Petersburg, a bronze monument was erected, built with money collected throughout Russia. Such is people's love!

The heroes of I.A. Krylov’s fables were popular not only among artists, but also among sculptors. In different cities, the heroes of many of I.A. Krylov’s fables have sculptural compositions.

A whole performance is being played out before us, in which the animal actors speak and act like people, but at the same time remain animals, maintaining their habits.

Answer the questions:

1. Why do the Foxes praise the Raven and the Crow in fables?

2. Aesop and Krylov’s fables make fun of...

3. Select proverbs for the morals of the fables of Aesop and Krylov:

-It is better to listen to the bitter truth than sweet flattery.

-Every coward talks about courage.

-You always have to pay for stupidity.

4. Find what you like in Krylov’s fable popular expression and explain its meaning.

Check what you got.

If you completed 1 task, it means learned to understand the content of the fable and the character of the characters.

Completed task 2 correctly - learned to understand fable theme.

You have completed task 3, which means you have learned understand the moral of the fable.

Completed task 4 correctly, it means we understand the language of the fable.

What task did you find difficult to complete?

Which fable did you find more interesting, vivid, and convincing? Why?

Aesop's fables differ from Krylov's fables. At I.A. Krylova we note the artistic perfection of his work, which is expressed in the breadth of generalizations, in the clarity and precision of morality. Turning to an already well-known plot, the author reveals to us in the most picturesque details the behavior of animals, behind which the reader discovers vivid pictures of a truly national character. He is characterized by a cheerful slyness of mind and mockery. But we should not forget that the idea belongs to Aesop, and without him there would not have been such wonderful fables by Krylov.

9. Connection with life.

Guys, have there been any cases in your life when you flattered someone for selfish purposes and played the role of a fox, or, on the contrary, you were deceived, succumbing to flattering words, and suffered from this, thus acting in the role of a stupid crow. Remember and tell us about it.

Immortal creations of Aesop and Krylov

Every year we love you more and more!

Why, after hundreds, thousands of years, do we read with pleasure the fables of Aesop and Krylov? (They are interesting, useful, and teach life lessons)

Why don't fables become obsolete? (Human vices, such as flattery, envy, laziness, stupidity, cunning, existed 4000 years ago and exist today.)

What life wisdom did you take from today’s lesson, from today’s fables?

(there is no need to be gullible, and flattery is ugly.)

10 . Reflection.

A fable is a story small size, written most often in a satirical style and carrying a certain semantic load. IN modern world, when vices are often praised, and virtues, on the contrary, are not honored, this type of creativity acquires special relevance and is the most valuable. Ivan Andreevich Krylov is one of the outstanding authors working in this genre.

Fable "The Crow and the Fox"

Krylov has always been favorably distinguished from other fabulists by the fact that he can literally reveal a truly dramatic plot in the same 20-50 lines. The heroes of his works seem alive to the reader, their characters are remembered for a long time.

The fable “The Crow and the Fox” by Krylov was first published in the literary magazine “Dramatic Messenger” in 1908. However, the plot taken as its basis has been known since ancient times. The stupid crow and the flattering fox appear every now and then in the literature of various nations. In all similar works the same moral can be traced, showing the baseness of flattery and the narrow-minded mind of the person who appreciates it. Krylov’s fable “The Crow and the Fox” differs favorably precisely in that it condemns not the flatterer himself, but the one who believes his words. That is why the Crow loses everything, while the Fox earned her “piece of cheese.”

Fables of Aesop and Lessing

As noted above, the instructive story about the black-winged bird and the rufous-tailed rogue is not new. Before Krylov, it was used by many authors, but the most famous of them are two - Aesop and Lessing.

Aesop, who lived in the 6th-5th centuries BC, believed that his fable “The Raven and the Fox” was applicable to “the foolish man.” Even his fox, unlike Krylov’s, does not immediately run away, but first mocks the bird that has lost its food. Another insignificant difference between the two works is the gastronomic preferences of the crow. The words of the fable “The Crow and the Fox” by Krylov: “Somewhere God sent a piece of cheese to the crow.” In Aesop, the god did not send cheese to the Crow, but the bird itself stole a piece of meat from someone.

Lessing, a contemporary of Krylov, went a little further than Aesop and poisoned the meat stolen from the bird. Thus, he wanted to punish the fox, who eventually dies terrible death, for her sycophancy and flattery.

National identity of I. A. Krylov

Many researchers of Krylov’s work, having analyzed the fable “The Crow and the Fox,” note how successfully he managed to reflect the characters typical of the era described. This feature, despite all their fabulousness, is also characteristic of his other works. For this reason, Ivan Andreevich is called the father of Russian realism.

The simple and very understandable plot of the fables has not lost its relevance for many generations. This is due to the fact that Krylov took the main vices and weaknesses of man as the basis for his work, and they remained the same as those of his contemporaries.

The living Russian language, in which all of Ivan Andreevich’s fables are written, is devoid of excessive sophistication. It is understandable to everyone without exception. In order for the reader to better understand the lesson contained in the fable, at the end of the work the author always gives its moral. One of the few exceptions is the fable "The Crow and the Fox". Krylov is more interested in the process of how Crow, under the influence of flattery, begins to feel his importance and superiority.

Conclusion

The rich legacy that Ivan Andreevich Krylov left will always remain a national treasure of spiritual Russia. His fables are rightfully included in the golden literary fund of our country and are studied in the school curriculum. As long as there are such works, there is hope that people will be able to get rid of vices and rise above the material component of life.

5th grade

Lesson No. 11.

Subject. Aesop. "The Raven and the Fox."

Target:

give students the concept of a fable as literary genre; introduce the children to the legends of Aesop, identify the meaning of the moral of the fable “The Raven and the Fox”; show the role of Aesop's fables in the life of society;
to develop skills in expressive reading (dramatization), lexical work, work with illustrations, the ability to highlight the main thing in a listened message;
formation of moral and aesthetic ideas of students.

Equipment: multimedia presentation.

DURING THE CLASSES.

I. Organizing time.

II. Learning new material.

1.Information of the topic of the lesson, setting goals and objectives.

2. Fable is one of the small epic genres.

Fable- a short poetic or prose story of a moralizing nature, having an allegorical meaning. A fable consists of an introduction, a description of events and a moral.

Allegory(Greek) - an allegorical depiction of a concept or phenomenon of reality using a specific image.

Allegory is often used in fables, where cunning is allegorically depicted in the form of a fox, greed in the form of a wolf, deceit in the form of a snake, etc.

Morality(lat.) - a logical, instructive conclusion from something.

Aesopian language- speech that is replete with allegories, omissions and other techniques to hide the direct meaning.

3. Distinctive features fables.

The desire to teach in " negative example", due to which the work invariably contains a hero who is the bearer of some moral flaw.

4. Features of the fable.

Familiar everyday vocabulary and phraseology (bending out of his way).

Fairy-tale vocabulary and phraseology (poor little kumanek).

Exclamatory and interrogative sentences (Sing, little light, don’t be ashamed!)

Oral particles (by the way).

Words with diminutive, magnifying, disparaging suffixes, prefixes of emotional and expressive meaning (feathers, craftsmanship, garden, ate).

Dialogue - with short, dynamic remarks.

Frequency of calls (This, Pike, is science for you...).

5. Stages of fable development.

First stage.- Aesop (ancient Greek fabulist) - 6th century BC. Distinctive features: brevity, clarity, simplicity.

Phaedrus (ancient Roman fabulist) - 1st century BC. Short fables in prose. The fable was called a parable.

Second phase(XVII century). - Lafontaine (French fabulist). Created a poetic fable. Borrowed stories from the ancients.

Third stage(XVIII-XIX centuries). - I.A. Krylov (Russian fabulist). He created a truly folk realistic fable. He wrote 204 fables (only 67 of them are translated, the rest are original). He created fables and satires. The fables are fabulous, entertaining, short, dynamic (few descriptions and a lot of action).

Kantemir A.D.

Trediakovsky V.K.

Sumarokov A.P.

Khemnitser I.I.

Dmitriev I.I.

also wrote fables

Griboyedov A.S.

Zhukovsky V.A.

Gogol N.V.

Saltykov-Shchedrin M.E.

Ostrovsky A.N.

Tolstoy A.K.

Tolstoy L.N.

continued in their work the traditions of Krylov the satirist

Fourth stage(XX century) - S.V. Mikhalkov, V. Krivin continued the traditions of Krylov the satirist in their work.

6. Conversation on questions for the article in the textbook “Aesop” (the article was read at home).

When was Aesop first mentioned?

What is known about Aesop?

What does the expression “Aesopian language” mean? Define the concept of “allegory”.

7. Student's message about Aesop.

Aesop is a semi-legendary ancient Greek fabulist, according to legend, a slave, hunchbacked and ugly. “The language of Aesop” is the language of fables of ornate form and with a figurative meaning, allegory. His themes “crow and fox”, “wolf and lamb”, etc. found their interpreters among the fabulists of subsequent generations: Phaedrus, La Fontaine, Krylov, etc. Aesop, a sage of the people, according to legend, was thrown from a cliff by priests who saw in him was a rival who influenced the mood of the people.

Many stories are told about Aesop, similar to parables or anecdotes.

For example, when the fabulist was once met on the street by the city governor, who asked where he was going. Aesop replied:

The ruler was indignant, called the guards and ordered Aesop to be taken to prison.

What did I tell you? - Aesop exclaimed, - could I have known, walking down the street, that I would end up in prison?

The ruler, surprised by the slave's wit, set him free.

Aesop's fables were written in prose, witty, clear and simple. The works of the Phrygian slave or those attributed to him were collected into collections called Aesop's Fables. They were copied, studied in schools, and learned by heart. Aesop's fables became one of the most popular works in the ancient world.

In the darkest periods of history, when you could lose your head for speaking the truth, humanity did not fall into silence only because it had Aesopian language in its arsenal. You could express your thoughts, views, and protests in scenes from the lives of animals, birds, and fish. With the help of fables, Aesop taught his descendants the basics of wisdom. A whole book of funny stories about his life and adventures has been preserved. Despite his external ugliness, Aesop became a real hero of folk legends, telling about his courageous actions against the rich and nobility, about his disgrace of the false wisdom of the ruling elite.

8. Expressive reading of Aesop’s fables “The Raven and the Fox”, “Two Pots”.

Two pots.

The river carried two pots in its flow - clay and copper.

The moment you touch me, you will break me into pieces, but I myself have no desire to touch you.”

There is no way for a poor man to live if a rich man settles next to him.

III. Consolidation of what has been learned.

Conversation and lexical work.

How did you understand M.L. Gasparov’s statement that the fable in the hands of Aesop is “a weapon for protecting the oppressed people from the nobility”? Answer, keeping in mind the content of the fable “Two Pots”.

Why did the Fox from the fable “The Raven and the Fox” manage to deceive the Raven?

What is hidden behind the images of the heroes of Aesop's fable?

What vices are discussed in the fable “The Raven and the Fox”?

Explain the meaning of the words: vanity, gullibility, frivolity, deceit.

Vanity- empty arrogance, arrogance, desire to be an object of fame and veneration.

Gullible- too gullible, easily believing everything.

frivolity- thoughtlessness, frivolity, rashness in words and actions.

Insidiousness- a character trait, a property of a person, consisting of a tendency to evil, cunning intentions, covered with outward goodwill.

Find the lines that reflect the moral of the fable “The Raven and the Fox.”

Which side do you sympathize with?

IV. Summing up the lesson.

Explain La Fontaine’s statement: “The body is a fable, the soul is a moral.”

(It is morality that hides behind the outer shell of a fable story, behind fictional characters and circumstances. For its sake, a fable is created, which serves high goal- to make the world kinder, fairer, better and cleaner.)

Why is the instructive conclusion of the fable compared to the “golden pill”?

(The expression “gild the pill” means “to soften, brighten up something not too pleasant.” The moral of the fable is its healing medicine for human shortcomings. But it is not presented at all as a direct “pointing the finger” at a specific person. We are talking about outwardly distant the reader some animals, birds and the like; in fact, the reader often recognizes himself and his acquaintances in them, their weaknesses and mistakes - and this is a rather bitter, although important discovery, which can be healing, like medicine.)

Why has the fable survived for many centuries and is still alive today?

(The fable is alive because the characters and circumstances that it depicts are alive. The fable is relevant because human nature remains almost unchanged, it is characterized by the same weaknesses, shortcomings, vices as many centuries ago.)

V. Homework.

2.Individual task: prepare an expressive reading of V.K. Trediakovsky’s fable “The Raven and the Fox.”

3. Individual task: prepare an expressive reading of A.P. Sumarokov’s fable “The Crow and the Fox.”

4.Individual task: prepare a report about A.P. Sumarokov.

Rang...

We are working...

Let's listen...

Let's listen to an expressive reading of the work you worked with at home.

What is the genre of the work?

What is a fable?

Is there a moral in this fable?

Give the moral of the fable.

Look at the screen. Find a portrait of I.A. Krylov among the writers.

What do you know about this writer?

Who is pictured next to him?

What can you tell us about him?

Name the fables of Aesop and Krylov that you know.

Krylov and Aesop wrote many fables.

Guess who are the heroes of the fables we will read today?

1) Wears a gray vest,
But the wings are black.
Do you see twenty couples circling?
And they shout: - Carr, carr, carr.

2) The tail is fluffy,
Golden fur,
Lives in the forest.
He steals chickens from the village.

What genre do these works belong to?

Who are the heroes of the fable?

Can you imagine what might happen to them in the fable?

Today you will get acquainted with Aesop’s fable “The Raven and the Fox” and I.A. Krylov’s fable “The Crow and the Fox” and learn better about the habits of the heroes of these works.

(On the desk:

Aesop “The Raven and the Fox”, I.A. Krylov “The Crow and the Fox”

State the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Let's create an algorithm of actions for comparison.

By what criteria will you compare fables?

Recording on the slide:

Read Aesop's fable.

Did you like the fable?

What genre of work is this fable similar to?

What is the difference?

What is morality?

Are there any words in the fable whose meanings are unclear?

What can you say about the language of the fable?

Name the heroes of the fable.

How is the raven shown in the fable?

Name the plot of the fable.

Find in the text the words of the Fox in which she flatters the Raven.

Name the compositional parts of the fable.

Where is the moral hidden in the fable?

What does this fable teach us?

What human flaw is being ridiculed?

Fill in the 1st column of the table.

Let's check what you got.

Let's imagine: imagine the situation that you are young artists who are offered an unusual task - to portray themselves in the form of animals: a fox and a crow. This must be done using sign language.

Listen to I.A. Krylov’s fable.

(The teacher reads a fable).

Did you like the fable? How?

In what form is the fable written?

What can you say about the plot of the fable?

What is this story called?

Which fabulist do you think borrowed the plot?

Read the fable to yourself and find

words whose meaning you do not understand.

How do you understand the meaning of these words?

Where can I find out the lexical meaning of a word?

Work in pairs, find the meaning of the words:

“vile” - disgusting;
“captivated” - charmed;
“prophecy” - bringing news;
“perched” - climbed with difficulty

Name the main characters of the fable.

What kind of Crow do you imagine? Support your thoughts with words from the text.

What type of fox is represented in the fable?

Highlight the compositional parts of the fable.

Read the moral of the fable.

How do you understand the meaning of the word flattery?

In what words of the Fox is praise heard?

Is praise always pleasant?

Why does the Fox praise the Crow?

What is the meaning of morality?

What can you say about the language of the fable?

Write down synonyms for the popular expressions of the fable in RT p. 41 exercise 5.

Let's check.

Fill out the 2nd column of the table in groups.

Let's check what happened.

What criteria caused difficulties?

Compare the fables of Aesop and I.A. Krylov using the table data.

What are the similarities between the fables?

How are fables different?

In which fable is it easier to imagine the behavior of the characters?

I.A. Krylov used apt, precise words to convey the character of the characters. Let's look at the heroes of the fable as depicted by artists: Valentin Serov and G. Kupriyanov.

Did the artists manage to convey the characters' personalities?

How is Crow represented? Fox?

I.A. is rightfully considered the best fabulist. Krylov. It is not for nothing that in 1855 a bronze monument was erected to him in the Summer Garden of St. Petersburg, built with money collected throughout Russia. Such is people's love!

The heroes of I.A. Krylov’s fables were popular not only among artists, but also among sculptors. In different cities, sculptural compositions were installed for the heroes of many of I.A. Krylov’s fables.

A whole performance is being played out before us, in which the animal actors speak and act like people, but at the same time remain animals, maintaining their habits.

Read Krylov’s fable expressively, conveying in words the behavior and character of the characters.

Let's run the test.

Answer the questions:

1. Why do the Foxes praise the Raven and the Crow in fables?

2. Aesop and Krylov’s fables make fun of...

3. Select proverbs for the morals of the fables of Aesop and Krylov:

It is better to listen to the bitter truth than sweet flattery.

- Every coward talks about courage.

There is always a price to pay for stupidity.

4. Find your favorite catchphrase in Krylov’s fable and explain its meaning.

Check what you got.

If you have completed 1 task, then you have learned to understand the content of the fable and the character of the characters.

We completed task 2 correctly - we learned to understand the theme of the fable.

We completed task 3, which means we learned to understand the moral of the fable.

If you completed task 4 correctly, you understood the language of the fable.

What task did you find difficult to complete?

Which fable did you find more interesting, vivid, and convincing? Why?

1. How did you understand the moral of the fable?

Aesop's fable convinces us of the power of flattery and how dangerous it is.

2. How was Raven’s unreasonableness expressed?

The Raven's foolishness was expressed in the fact that he succumbed to the flattery of the cunning Fox and therefore lost his prey.

3. How did the Fox affect him?

The Fox began to praise the Raven, using flattery. She understood that the Raven would want to show off and at the same time would open its beak and drop its prey.

4. How do you understand the word flattery? Prove that it is relevant in assessing what the Fox said.

Flattery is feigned approval, praise for selfish purposes. The Fox, of course, praised the virtues of the Raven for selfish purposes. Let us remember: she said that he was great and handsome, and could become the king of the birds if he had a voice. Our distant ancestors were also able to determine that these speeches were flattering. After all, Aesop created his fables back in the 6th-5th centuries BC. It doesn’t take much thought to decide that talking about the greatness and beauty of the Raven can only be done with the aim of flattering him: the Fox named those qualities that the Raven did not have.

Glossary:

moral of aesop's fable the raven and the fox
Moral of the fable The Raven and the Fox Aesop
Aesop the crow and the fox morality
moral fable the crow and the fox aesop
Aesop the raven and the fox morality

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Fable "The Crow and the Fox"

The fable “The Crow and the Fox” by Krylov was first published in the literary magazine “Dramatic Messenger” in 1908. However, the plot taken as its basis has been known since ancient times. The stupid crow and the flattering fox appear every now and then in the literature of various nations. In all such works, the same moral can be traced, showing the baseness of flattery and the narrow-minded mind of the person who appreciates it. Krylov’s fable “The Crow and the Fox” differs favorably precisely in that it condemns not the flatterer himself, but the one who believes his words. That is why the Crow loses everything, while the Fox earned her “piece of cheese.”

Fables of Aesop and Lessing

Lessing, a contemporary of Krylov, went a little further than Aesop and poisoned the meat stolen from the bird. Thus, he wanted to punish the fox, who eventually dies a terrible death, for her sycophancy and flattery.