Road signs around the world. Research project “My friends are road signs. What we learned

When you walk down the street and look around, you see road signs everywhere. They are of different colors and different shapes. They tell us what to do in a given situation. A very important science - Traffic Rules. And everyone, without exception, must comply with them. Drivers and pedestrians need to know what lies ahead on the road.

Currently, there are the following groups of road signs: warning, prohibitory, prescriptive, informational, service signs, priority signs, special instructions signs, additional information signs. We all need to know the signs, so that when we go to the market, we won’t be left without legs or shoes.

Warning signs. They are triangular in shape with a white background and a red border. Signs in this group warn of approaching danger on the road. For example: “road works”, “railroad crossing”, “be careful, children!”, “rough road”. What kind of miracle is this, two humps like a camel? This sign is triangular. What is it called?

Prohibition signs. The strictest signs! These signs are round in shape with a red border with a white field inside and a red stripe crossed out from left to right downwards. These include, for example: “pedestrian traffic is prohibited”, “cycling is prohibited”, “passage is prohibited”. The man on the red circle - This means that it is dangerous to walk here, In this place, friends, No one is allowed to walk!

Mandatory signs. These signs indicate places for pedestrians, cyclists, roundabouts, and avoiding obstacles on the left. They have a round shape and a blue background. Belka and I are rushing in a circle, As the arrow shows, The dog cannot catch up with his friend, Because we are rushing in a circle.

Project: “Living Road Signs”.

Expand children's understanding of road rules.

Introduce children to the meaning of road signs and teach them to understand them

schematic illustration for correct orientation on the streets and

Develop the ability to practically apply acquired knowledge in

road transport environment.

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Project name: “Living Road Signs”.

Project participants – children, parents.

Project type - creative and informational.

Project direction: prevention of child road traffic injuries.

Project objectives:

1. Expand children’s understanding of road rules.

2. Introduce children to the meaning of road signs and teach them to understand them

Schematic illustration for correct orientation on the streets and

On the roads.

3.Develop the ability to practically apply acquired knowledge in

Road transport environment.

4. Foster discipline and conscious compliance with the Rules

Road traffic, culture of behavior in road transport

Process.

5. Intensify efforts to promote traffic rules and

Safe lifestyle among parents.

Expected Result

A child with developed safe behavior in the road environment and a conscientious attitude towards compliance with traffic rules.

Relevance of the topic. According to statistics, about 1,500 children die every day in road accidents. These are two whole schools. Today, more than ever, teaching children road literacy is a top priority. The main reasons for the current unfavorable situation include:

Children's ignorance of traffic rules;
Children's inability to navigate the current difficult road situation;
Insufficient attention to children from adults.

It is known that children love to imitate adults. An adult is a standard of behavior for a child, and parental example plays a special role for him. It is enough to cross the road or go through a red traffic light once in front of his eyes, and at the first opportunity, when left alone, he will repeat the same thing.

The teacher’s task is to teach the child to behave correctly on the road. And teaching children should be aimed not only at memorizing the Rules of the Road, but also at teaching children to analyze the current road situation, anticipate the occurrence of danger, and instill the skills of safe behavior on the street and responsibility for their actions on the road.

The goal in all activities is to develop safe behavior skills on the roads.

Project objectives.

Educational:

remind children of the rules for crossing the roadway at a zebra crossing, at a traffic light signal, where there is a “Pedestrian crossing” sign;

Developmental:

Educational:

Preliminary work of the teacher: conversation with children, parents, traffic police inspector, creation of the manual “Living Road Signs”, development and selection of didactic, role-playing and outdoor games according to the Rules of the Road.

The role of parents in the implementation of the project: Questioning of parents; Consultations “Caution: children on the road!”, “Traffic lights”, “Know and follow traffic rules”, equipping parents with a traffic rules corner in the group.

Stages of work on the project:

Preparatory stage:

Selection of material according to traffic rules.

Examination of drawings and photographs about road situations.

Introduction to literary works.

Introducing the game “We’re not scared on our face” into the group.

Games usage:

Didactic: “Who is more attentive?”, “Traffic light”, “What sign is this?”, “Knowledgeable pedestrian”, “Assemble the car”, “Transport and rules of conduct in it”;

Mobile: “Sparrows and cars”, “Colored cars”, “Traffic rules”, “Pedestrians and transport”, etc.

role-playing games: “Drivers”, “Bus Travel”, “City Streets”.

Entertainment "Road Safety Week".

Main stage of work:

Traffic rules riddles.

Didactic and outdoor games based on traffic rules.

Game situations.

Open lesson on the topic: “Do you know the rules of the road?”

The final stage:

Presentation of diplomas “Competent Pedestrian”.

Design of a creative and information project.

Literature:

Specifics of working with children with visual impairments in the complex system: primary school-kindergarten IV: A methodological guide from the practice of the teaching staff. – Ufa: BIRO, 2009. -116 p.
Lessons on traffic rules/Comp. N. A. Izvekova, A. F. Medvedeva and others; edited by E. A. Romanova, A. B. Malyushkina. -M.: Sphere shopping center, 2008.
Traffic Laws. Junior and middle groups. / Comp. Poddubnaya L. B. – Volgograd: ITD “Corypheus”
Traffic Laws. Senior and preparatory groups. / Comp. Poddubnaya L. B. – Volgograd: ITD “Corypheus”
Izvekova N. A. Traffic rules - M.: Education, 1983.
Khromtsova T. G. Education of safe behavior of preschool children on the street: Textbook - M.: Center for Pedagogical Education, 2007.

Communication

Conduct a conversation on the following questions:

What are traffic rules for?
Who are pedestrians and passengers?
What are roadways and sidewalks?
How should you walk on the sidewalk?
One-way or two-way traffic?
Ground and underground passages. How to cross the street correctly?
Crossroads and square.
On which side should you go around the tram, and on which side should you go around the bus?

In the traffic rules corner, place illustrations on the topic: pictures, photographs depicting city streets, crossings, traffic lights, transport.

Reading fiction:

E. Zhitkov “Traffic Light”;

A. Ivanov “How inseparable friends crossed the road”;

A. Dorokhov “Green, yellow, red”;

A. Petrov “I am running across the road”;

V. Klimenko “Who is most important on the street?”;

I. Seryakov “Laws of streets and roads.”

V. Kozhevnikov “Traffic Light”;

S. Mikhalkov “My Street”, “Uncle Styopa - Policeman”;

Y. Pishumov “The Best Transition”, “Road ABC”;

O. Tarutin “The best transition.”

Memorizing Berestov's poems "Traffic Light".

Cognitive development

Purpose: information from the teacher on the topic “Road safety rules.”

Tasks:

Educational:

explain that in a big city all movement of pedestrians and cars is subject to traffic rules;

remind children of the rules for crossing the roadway through an underground passage, at a zebra crossing, at a traffic light signal, where there is a “Pedestrian crossing” sign;

explain the meaning of some road signs.

Educational:

explain that safety on the street depends on how well children know and follow traffic rules;

instill in children responsibility for their safety and the lives of other people.

Developmental:

enrich and activate children’s vocabulary on the topic of the lesson;

develop creative storytelling skills;

learn to “calculate” various situations that arise on the roads.

GCD plan

Introduction to GCD. Looking at illustrations.

Creating a street model.

Children are road users.

Rules for pedestrians. Children must learn the basic rules of safe behavior on the street:

how to walk on the sidewalk;

how to cross the road;

traffic at the intersection.

Familiarization with road signs.

Rules of behavior in transport.

Situations for analysis:

Analyze situations with children based on illustrations and draw conclusions.

– Mom walks with her son to kindergarten along the sidewalk. The boy runs in front of her and interferes with pedestrians.

– Mom and son are walking down the street. On the opposite side, the boy sees his dad and rushes across the road to him.

Question: What should a mother do?

– Mom and son are walking down the street. There are a lot of people around the kiosk. The mother lets go of the child's hand and approaches the kiosk.

Question: What should a mother do?

- Dad walks with his child along the sidewalk. The child has a ball in his hands. The ball falls on the road. The child runs after him.

Question: What should dad do?

Didactic games: “Who is more attentive?”, “Traffic light”, “What sign is this?”, “Knowledgeable pedestrian”, “Assemble a car”, “Transport and rules of behavior in it”.

Socialization

Role-playing games: “Drivers”, “Bus Travel”, “City Streets”.

Goal: to consolidate the rules of conduct for drivers and pedestrians, the duties of a traffic police inspector. Teach children to assign roles depending on their desire, cultivate friendly, respectful relationships during the game.

Aesthetic education

Coloring pages: “Transport”, “Cities”, “Road signs”, etc.

Drawing: “City Streets”, “Road Signs”, “Pedestrians”, “Traffic Light”.

Goal: consolidate knowledge about road signs; learn to draw road signs, know why they are blue, red, yellow, and do the work carefully.

Collective application “My City”.

Goal: to consolidate the concept of “intersection”, “zebra crossing”, “pedestrian crossing”; learn to cut out houses of different heights, cars, road intersections, correctly place road signs at an intersection, carefully glue them, and do the work together.

Modeling "Road signs"

Target:

Working with parents:

Conduct a survey of parents

MADOOU combined type kindergarten No. 60 AGO “History of road signs”

The project was completed

Gubanov Andrey and parents

Supervisor:

Kopytova Irina Nikolaevna

Teacher 1KK

HYPOTHESIS

Now there are many different road signs, but they appeared a long time ago.

Problem:

I don't know the history of road signs

I have some questions:

1. When did the first road signs appear?

2. How have they changed over time?

3. Were there road signs at a time when there was no transport yet?

4. Do road signs have any benefit?

5. What groups are road signs divided into?

Get acquainted with the history of road signs

1.Find information sources and

2.consider, explore and study

found material;

3. create a presentation based on the selected material;

4.draw conclusions.

Planned result

1. Information sources were found and

materials on the history of road signs;

2. examined, examined and studied the found materials;

3. a presentation has been created based on the selected material;

4. conclusions are drawn;

5. The hypothesis put forward is confirmed;

6. Answers to the questions posed have been found.

Got acquainted with the history of road signs

We looked for books that interested us

We studied other sources of information, for example, games.

We selected the material via the Internet.

Find out what road signs are installed in your area of residence

Here's what we found out

“The history of road signs”

Presentation

Road markings in ancient times

The first road signs appeared almost simultaneously with the emergence of roads. To mark the route, primitive travelers broke branches and made marks on the bark of trees, and placed stones of a certain shape along the roads.

Painting by V. M. Vasnetsov “The Knight at the Crossroads”. A fairy-tale hero sits on his horse at a crossroads and thinks - where should he go? And information is carved in stone. So this stone can be considered a road sign .

Road sign system in Ancient Rome

Mileposts

cylindrical

Milestones in Russia

Milestones began to be painted with black and white stripes, ensuring better visibility at any time of the day.

Appearance on the roads the first self-propelled crews required fundamental changes in the organization of traffic.

And in 1903, appeared on the streets of Paris first road signs:

Two main systems of road signs in the pre-war years

European, based on the use of symbols

Anglo-American, in which inscriptions were used instead of symbols.

from January 1, 1961, unified traffic rules on the streets of cities, towns and roads of the USSR came into force

Along with the new rules, new road signs were introduced:

Modern groups of road signs in Russia

warning signs

signs of special regulations

priority signs

information signs

prohibition signs

service signs

mandatory signs

additional information signs

Warning signs

Warn drivers and pedestrians about the upcoming danger and its nature.

Shape: white triangle with red border.

Priority signs

Determine the order of passage at intersections and narrow sections of the road.

Shape: no specific shape.

Prohibition signs

Prohibit any actions by drivers and pedestrians.

Shape: white circle with a red border.

Mandatory signs

They are prescribed and allowed to move in a certain direction.

Shape: blue circle with white symbol

Information signs

Various traffic conditions are reported.

Shape: rectangle or square with blue, white, yellow or green background..

Signs of special regulations

Introduce or cancel certain traffic modes on the road.

Shape: Basically blue rectangle or square.

Service marks

Inform about the placement of various objects on the roads.

Shape: rectangle with a white background and a wide blue border.

Additional information signs

They help streamline the flow of vehicles or clarify and enhance the effect of signs.

Shape: rectangle with white background (plate)

The first road signs appeared almost simultaneously with the emergence of roads.

Road signs are installed on the right side of the road so that all road users can see them at any time of the day.

Observe

Traffic Laws!

Each sign has its own shape and color. Various drawings, letters, words are applied to them.

Today, in Russia alone, more than two and a half hundred road signs are used, covering almost all directions of traffic, and the system is constantly developing and improving.

All signs are divided into groups

We can talk endlessly about the benefits of road signs. First of all, they warn about dangers on the road.

We can say that road signs provide maximum safety for drivers and pedestrians, but remember that a lot depends on you.

Conclusion

1. Found information sources and

materials on the history of road signs;

2. examined, examined and studied the found materials;

3. based on the selected material, they created a presentation, which was presented above;

4.drew conclusions (presented in the presentation);

5. found confirmation of the hypothesis;

6. answered the questions asked;

7. We introduced the children in the group to the history of road signs.

Conclusion

Thus, it can be said

What goal achieved– I got acquainted with the history of road signs.

Delivered tasks completed , the planned result has been achieved.

this work

may be of interest to children and adults, can be used in road safety classes

Information sources

1. “Road Rules” M.; EKSMO, 2014

2. Atlas of roads

3. Children's books and games on traffic rules

4. Internet resources

http://www.autodela.ru/main/blogs/Uli_blog/article-1347303874

https://cirkul.info/article/istoriya-dorozhnykh-znakov

http://pdd-gulnas.ru/index.php/dorozhnye-znaki

http://yandex.ru/yandsearch?clid=9582&text= history%20of%20road%20signs& l10n=ru

Class: 3

Presentation for the lesson

Back forward

Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested in this work, please download the full version.

Lesson objectives:

educational

introduce road signs and their classification;
remember the rules of safety and behavior on city roads;

educational:

cultivate a sense of respect for one’s health;
develop the ability to work in pairs, groups, individually;
cultivate interest in the subject;

developing:

develop the ability to answer questions correctly, clearly and logically
enrich vocabulary;
open the mind;
learn to generalize and highlight the main thing;
develop the skill of self-control.

Equipment: computer, multimedia presentation, picture - road patrol inspector, cards with images of road signs, books “Road Rules” as amended on November 20, 2010, notebooks, textbook, envelopes with assignments for groups.

Lesson type: study and initial consolidation of new knowledge.

Nature of student activities:

reproductive;
partially search.

Working with the textbook.
Peer review of written assignment completion.
Conversation.
The use of object and picture clarity.
Verbal.
Role-playing game.
Frontal conversation.
Observation.
Independent work in groups.

Forms of organization of cognitive activity.

Frontal.
Group.
Steam room.

During the classes

1. Updating knowledge.

U. Today, guys, we have an important guest in class.

Slide 1

Look at him carefully. What do you think is his profession?

Children's answers.

U. This is the Inspector of the Road Patrol Service. How did you determine?

U. What does he do?

Children's answers.

D. He keeps order on the road.

U. He came to our lesson to find out how you follow the rules of the road and whether you know how to behave correctly on the road.

We are all road users, and I am an assistant (the teacher puts on his cap and picks up the baton) traffic inspector

Who can be called road users?

Children's answers. (These are pedestrians, passengers, drivers)

Slide 2. Car. Road. A pedestrian

U. How inseparable these three words are. Today we will continue to talk about their relationship, because discipline on the streets, roads and in transport is the key to safety.

U. As soon as we go out onto the street, we immediately become pedestrians. Is it easy to be a pedestrian?

Let's remember the rules for pedestrians:

On which part of the road is traffic moving? (On the pavement or along the carriageway)

On which part of the road do pedestrians move? (On the sidewalk)

Which side of the sidewalk should pedestrians walk on? (Right)

Where should you cross the street? (Along a pedestrian crossing with white zebra stripes or an underground passage)

How to cross the street correctly? (Look to the left, go to the middle, look to the right)

At any intersection
We are greeted by a traffic light.
And it starts very easily
Conversation with a pedestrian.

What is the traffic light talking to us about?

Children's answers. (How to cross the road correctly)

U. Transport (Slide 5) and pedestrian traffic lights are installed on the roads. (Slide 6)

Game “Continue the sentence...”. (Slide 5)

Slide 7, 8 (historical background)

U. Do you know what a traffic light looked like before, 100 years ago? Let's get a look. (Slide 8)

The first traffic light in Russia was installed in 1929 in Moscow. It had the shape of a circle divided into three equal parts: red, yellow, green. The regulator turned the arrow to the desired color.

Attention! Our traffic police inspector asked us to look into the situation that occurred at the intersection.

Who crosses the road observing traffic rules?

Who violated? What was the violation?

Children's answers.

U. Tell me, who else besides a traffic light can help pedestrians and drivers on the roads?

Children's answers. (Adjuster)

But you can’t put a traffic light or a traffic controller at every kilometer, which means we need other assistants on the roads.

2. Introduction to the topic.

Guess the riddle.

Day and night in the rain and cold
We serve the road
We are known all over the planet
Adults and even children.
If we are not followed,
You may be very late.

Who are these tireless helpers?

Children's answer. (Road signs)

U. Road signs are a wonderful invention. They are understandable without words to residents of all countries. Moreover, they are the same in different countries.

Slide 12. (Signs of different countries)

Slide 13. (Historical reference)

In 1909, at the International Conference of Motorists in Paris, the first four road signs were approved

Look, these are ancient signs and are written according to the spelling rules accepted in that distant time

Road signs are divided into several groups.

Slide 14.(Classification)

U. Guys, let’s say in unison the names of the groups into which all the signs are divided

U. Open the textbook, p.14.

So, the warning signs.

Let's read about them in the textbook. (Read aloud)

So what are these signs warning us about?

The very name of these signs tells us, be careful, we are warning you about the danger that may come your way.

What shape and color are the warning signs?

Name the warning signs.

What kind of sign is installed near schools and kindergartens?

Children's answer. (Children sign)

U. Next group - prohibition signs.

Slide 16

Name the prohibition signs.

Read about them yourself in the textbook, from 15.

What can you say about prohibition signs?

Children's answers.

U. These signs prohibit us; they say we cannot overtake, enter, etc.

Formulate the meaning of signs using the word it is forbidden

What shape and color are prohibitory signs?

U. All attention to the board! The inspector asks you to carefully look at the warning and prohibition signs. What do they have in common?

Children's answers. (They have a red border)

U. So these signs are very important. They are like a red traffic light. They say stop. Which signs are more strict? Why?

Children's answers. (Prohibiting. They prohibit doing some actions, they say that this cannot be done.)

Physical education minute

U. Let's continue the conversation about road signs.

Let's consider the following group of signs.

What are these signs?

Mandatory signs - they say, follow the instructions strictly. Name the signs.

What shape and color are the prescriptive signs?

Read about them yourself in the textbook, p. 15

Find the answer in the textbook to the question: What do they mean? arrow signs inside the blue circle?

Children's answers . (Which direction should you move)

What kind of signs are these: blue, square or rectangular in shape? Refer to the textbook for help. Find the name of this group of signs.

Children's answers. (Information and directional signs)

(The teacher takes the book “Road Rules” from the exhibition)

There were changes in the traffic rules on November 20, 2010 and these signs began to be called simply information signs. Let's look at these signs. Name them.

What are the service marks?

What do you think they tell the driver on the road?

What color and shape are they?

Children's answers.

Draw children's attention to the “Camping” sign.

Vocabulary work.

Camping is a place to relax.

Conclusion: What groups are road signs divided into?

Children's answers.

U. Are there signs on the walls in the classroom? Name them and answer which group they belong to.

What road signs do you see on the way from home to school?

Children's answers.

Work in notebooks

Let's open the notebook, from 10, task 2. Let's read.

Take colored pencils. Color the signs.

Compare your answers with the slide. Slide 23

Raise your hands who did everything without mistakes.

Say which group each sign belongs to.

Game “Help the inspector install road signs.” Slide 24–31

Road users! Trouble has happened! Help the inspector install road signs!

Lesson summary.

Slide 32

U. Why are road signs needed? Maybe you can do without them?

Children's answers.

U. Guys, our Road Inspector is pleased with your work. But he offers to complete another task .

Game “Road Signs” Work in groups.

Checking by groups. Slide 33–37

Reflection.

Prepare signal cards - traffic lights. Game “Is the statement true” If true, the signal is green, and if not, the signal is red.

1. Road signs are different in every country.

Yes; No.

2. Warning signs are white triangles with a red border.

3. Prohibition signs are blue rectangles or squares with various designs.

Yes; No.

4. Service is service.

5. Does the “Brick” road sign indicate a bus stop?

Yes; No.

6. The “Pedestrian crossing” sign looks like this, a red triangle with a picture of a person.

Yes; No.

7. All road signs are important - without them it is impossible to drive safely on the roads.

U. Well done! The traffic inspector was pleased with your knowledge, you are well versed in the Rules of the Road. He hopes that the traffic lights and road signs will become your true friends, there will be no traffic rule violators among you, and he gives you the following homework.

Road signs are elements of road equipment in the form of a brush of a certain shape with symbols or inscriptions intended for the information of drivers and pedestrians.

From cart to car

The first attempts to regulate road traffic were made in Ancient Rome, where one-way traffic for chariots was introduced on some streets. Specially designated guards monitored the implementation of this rule.

The Romans placed mileposts along the most important roads.

The Romans placed mileposts along the most important roads.
After the emergence of writing, inscriptions began to be made on stones,
Usually they wrote the name of the settlement to which the road leads.

Our ancestors took care of roads when they rode horses or walked. In the steppe they laid stones and erected pillars, and in the forest they made hems in the trees. Stone or wooden crosses were installed at intersections.

Distance indicators

Milestones

Milestones became striped under Peter 1, because the “striping” was clearly visible from a distance.
Peter 1 issued a decree on maintaining road safety. For non-compliance with the rules, a person could be sent to hard labor.

The world's first car was invented by Karl Benz in 1886.

First car

First cars

Traffic rules appeared a long time ago. Sometimes they took rather curious forms, for example, there was a requirement that a boy run in front of the car, loudly shouting to announce the approach of the carriage, so that respectable townspeople would not faint from horror when a monster appeared on the road moving at a terrible speed of 12 versts per hour.

Signs are divided into groups:

- Prohibiting
- Warning
- Prescriptive
- Information and guidance
- Service marks

WARNING: PROHIBITED: DIRECTIVE: SERVICE INFORMATION SIGNS

Think about it!

informational warning prohibiting
pointing

prescriptive

service sign

New road sign

Homework

Carefully look at the road signs that you meet on the way home or that are located near your house or store.
Memorize them or sketch them.
Determine the name and group to which they belong.