Minibus as a business - making a profit

The profitability of the route business is beyond doubt. The number of fixed-route taxis is growing, in Moscow there are already about 6-9 thousand of them.
To launch a minibus, you need to assess the risks, the level of investment.
The average revenue from one car per shift is about $800. From here we subtract:
- $300 - maintenance and operation of the car;
- $100 - insurance, leasing;
- about 50 - deductions to the fund wages.
Taxes - per month from $20 to $200.

Without tax deductions, $ 350 per day remains from each car.

IN modern cities and villages, the main transport has long been a fixed-route taxi. It is an indispensable passenger carrier with a number of advantages. Despite the fact that benefit holders cannot freely ride a minibus, this species transport still has a huge demand among the population. It is very difficult to leave during rush hour, all minibuses are overcrowded.
This type of business is very profitable. The number of minibuses is growing, and so is the need for them.

First steps - how to start a minibus?

The first step is to buy a car. There are several options here: buy a good expensive minibus of a well-known brand (this is about 30 thousand dollars), or a used car in normal condition(so that there are no losses due to repairs), or rent a car (with the right to buy).

Documentation
Further, in order to open such a business, you need to obtain special documentation and permits. This includes: paying for insurance, purchasing a license to transport a vehicle. The license is valid for 5 years, selected for a specific car. The state license for transportation is issued by the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation in three types:

1. For a passenger car for the purpose of commercial transportation.
2. For equipped road transport for the purpose of transporting more than 8 people (except when such activity is necessary for the own needs of a legal or individual, entrepreneur)
3. For transport with a carrying capacity of > 3.5 tons for the purpose of transporting goods (except when such activity is necessary for the own needs of a legal or natural person, entrepreneur)

The minimum income brings a small business of 3-5 cars. In this case, there are almost no opportunities to increase income, except to reduce maintenance and operation costs. With an increase in the fleet of cars, deductions from one car for permanent expense items (for example, for the salary of a dispatcher, accountant) begin to gradually decrease.

Even with a well-designed route, you will have to wait until people get used to it, find out. Only then is it possible to obtain a stable high profit. However, even if the route is still new, you can still make good money during rush hour when the cars are full of passengers.

Additional income

The launch of minibuses also allows business owners to earn income for advertising (on board, in the cabin). This is an additional 200-300 dollars per month, taking into account the cost of manufacturing materials.

Real hidden mechanisms of business

Typically, the route business is built according to the following scheme. Some office punches a route for itself, it puts buses on it. The driver has his own minibus, for cooperation with the office he gives half of the proceeds, as a kind of tribute. With the remaining money, the owner of the car lives his life and repairs the car. The office, in turn, pays money to officials to open routes, UGADN and traffic police, in order to avoid any verification.
But, of course, the main interest of the office is completely different - cash turnover. Everything else is just minor points. Almost everywhere in Russia, places with a high turnover of cash are places where shadow capital is cashed out.

It is very difficult to accurately calculate how many passengers were transported, it is even impossible. Not all cars are registered in the documents, so there are almost always more buses on the routes in reality. As a result, the issue of strict, accurate financial reporting is open and unresolved, it simply does not exist.
The owners of route facilities have income from them on the scale of their entire core business - only a small part of the turnover. The fact is that the mechanism itself is important here, as it allows you to work on minibuses as in factories for laundering black funds.

Financial activities of similar offices passes by the budget. They use registration as an individual entrepreneur, with simplified taxation (6%). The real profit is hidden, and it is impossible to take it into account from the outside, it is impossible to see it. In fact, they pay even less.

Ultimately, the withdrawal of the route business from the shadows would help to raise the budgetary security quite sharply. Urban, municipal transport pays a lot of money to various funds (insurance, pension), property taxes, profits, etc. The cost of tickets here includes 60% for the payroll. And do not forget about professional development, employee skills, training, bonuses and the like. Things are not going well, you need to save money. Therefore, in comparison with minibuses, this is heaven and earth.

Relatively low investments, quick payback, constant demand for fixed-route taxi services attract those who want to open a passenger transportation business. However, it is not easy to put a bus on the route: the niche is competitive, the urban transportation markets are firmly mastered by large players.

The objective reality is that in most Russian cities "minibuses" have become the most popular type of urban transport. Thus, the latest VTsIOM survey dated November 9, 2018 showed that 63% of citizens use their services, and this figure has remained virtually unchanged over the past ten years. The question was answered by participants over 18 years of age, but if we add schoolchildren, at least the senior classes, the figure will be even higher.

Business in urban passenger transportation is considered highly profitable, transport pays off quickly (a minibus within a year). It is not so difficult to obtain a license, it is issued by the federal bodies of Rostransnadzor. The most "tidbits" in this business are cash proceeds and preferential taxation (UTII, PSN).

The most difficult task: to fit into the structure of the local transportation market. It all depends on the scale. Putting 1-3 buses on the current route and getting a stable income is quite realistic, in some cities you can take 5-10 cars. A larger scope means entering the path of a “competitive war.” When thinking about opening a fixed-route taxi, you need to have a good idea of ​​how this rather closed business is organized.

What is a minibus from the point of view of the law

First of all, we note that "route taxi" or "minibus" is a popular term, which is not defined in the law. At the same time, it has a very specific content, determined by two features.

• These are mainly minibuses of the Gazelle type and imported analogues (Ford Transit, Hyudai Country, Mercedes-Benz), as well as PAZ-32054 small class buses and their modifications.
• Transport is owned by private owners who receive income solely from their revenue. Among them there are LLCs and individual entrepreneurs, they do not work on a municipal order and bear all the expenses themselves.

Since 2013, all types of vehicles carrying passengers, regardless of the type of property, have been equated to transport. common use. Private entrepreneurs are obliged to comply with the Automobile Charter and the Transportation Rules on an equal basis with municipal and state motor transport enterprises. In practice, something else is often observed: races on the roads, packed in two rows of stops, worn-out buses, which causes constant claims to fixed-route taxis.

However, passengers do not have a choice: what is lucky, they go on that. With the rare exception of cities with a metro, or like Krasnoyarsk, where there are no minibuses, and never have been. Given the deplorable state of municipal ATPs in most regions of the country, we can confidently predict that private carriers will travel on the roads for a long time to come.

What you need to open a minibus

This type of business differs from others in that two barriers must be taken into account in the calculations: economic and administrative. The first involves the usual business calculation for any business: the purchase of transport, the cost of its maintenance, taxes, the cost of ensuring license requirements, determining revenue and net income.

The second is related to the acquisition of the right to the route. It is he who determines the potential passenger traffic and the profitability of the business, you will have to pay for obtaining the right to travel on it. We will consider this issue in detail below, and it is more correct to start a business on minibuses with its solution. Before buying a bus and calculating future revenue, you need to decide which route it can be put on, and how much it will cost.

Business registration and taxation

The vast majority of bus owners, which is faster, cheaper and eliminates the need for bookkeeping. Activity codes (OKVED) are selected from section 49 of the reference book "OK 029-2014 (NACE. Rev. 2)".

• 49.31.21 - regular transportation of passengers by bus on urban and suburban routes;
• 49.39.11 - the same activity in relation to intercity (intermunicipal) transportation;
• 49.39.1 - transportation on orders, excursion and tourist routes.

When registering, you can specify any number of codes, it is not necessary to conduct activities for each of them. The reverse situation is punishable: in fact, to carry out work on intended form OKVED is not allowed.

Passenger traffic is subject to the most favorable taxation regime - UTII, provided that the fleet has no more than 20 buses. This means that you do not need to keep records of income and expenses, the tax is calculated from the basic monthly income per one seat(1,500 rubles). It can be reduced by 50% through contributions to your own pension insurance. Payment is made quarterly. For example, for a Gazelle with 12 seats, this will be the following amount:

1,500 × 12 × 15% × 1.868 × (K2) = 5043.6 (rubles / month), where:

• K2 - local factor, most often equal to 1;
• 1.868 - deflation coefficient for 2018;
• 15% - tax rate.

Passenger transportation license

Intercity, suburban and intracity transportation of passengers by road in the amount of more than 8 people are licensed activities. The capacity of the bus is determined by its technical specifications. A license (sometimes this document is called a permit, a license card) is issued by the bodies of Rostransnadzor, it can be obtained entity or individual entrepreneur.

The application is submitted to the territorial UGADN (Department of State Road Supervision), addresses and telephone numbers are listed on the website .

An impressive list of documents (copies) confirming compliance with license requirements must be attached to the application.

1. Registration documents of an individual entrepreneur or, a certificate of tax registration.
2. On the availability of transport in the property (lease agreement) with a certificate of registration in the traffic police and PTS.
3. OSAGO insurance policy, copies of coupons for passing technical inspection (diagnostic card).
4. Notification of the inclusion of the vehicle in the Register of categorized objects and the assignment of a category (from October 10, 2017).
5. Declaration on the availability of a rented parking lot for buses ( own garage).
6. On the availability of premises, equipment for the repair and maintenance of the vehicle, or an agreement with a specialized company.
7. Employment books, driver's licenses, medical examination certificates for drivers.
8. On equipping buses with GLONASS/GPS satellite navigation equipment (requirement suspended until 01/01/2019).
9. On the availability of a full-time medical worker (or an agreement with a medical institution) who conducts daily pre-trip control.

The list of documents may change, therefore, before submitting an application, it is advisable to clarify everything directly with the UGADN at the place of implementation future activities. The state duty for a license is 7,500 rubles, it is issued within 45 days.

Until now, no special permit was required for the transportation of passengers only on orders and for the organization's own needs. Since March 2019 (No. 386-FZ of October 31, 2018), compulsory licensing has been introduced for these types of activities.

Choosing a bus, entering into the vehicle register

Mobility has always been the main advantage of a fixed-route taxi, therefore buses of small and especially small capacity prevail among fixed-route taxis. Among them, the Gazelle of the GAZ-32213, GAZ-32213 (322132) series deserved the most negative reviews. It is inconvenient for passengers, and raises claims in terms of safety. Nevertheless, gazelles prevail among the minibuses on the roads of Omsk and Novosibirsk million-plus cities, and are used even for intercity transportation of passengers in the southern and central regions of Russia.

In practice, certain “historical” preferences have developed in all regions. So, for example, in the Kemerovo region, PAZ buses of various modifications with a capacity of more than 40 seats are mainly used. IN Rostov region prefer minibuses Hyundai Country and Ford Transit. The entrepreneur himself decides which bus is better to buy for a minibus, taking into account local conditions, financial capabilities, and maintenance costs. Professionals do not recommend buying vehicles older than 3 years, a new bus (including the GAZelle Next) can be purchased on credit and on lease.

When buying a used bus, find out if it is included in the register of categorized vehicles. The seller must have an appropriate notice, without it it will be impossible to obtain a license. New transport will have to be issued independently. Avtodor (Federal Road Agency) is engaged in this, and only in Moscow. There you will need to send information by letter or to in electronic format which includes:

• registration documents of the carrier (IP or LLC);
• copies of the title and registration certificate of the vehicle;
• information about the book value of the bus;
• documents on the ownership (lease) of the vehicle.

The forms for filling out the documents that must be attached to the application for including the bus in the Vehicle Register are available on the Avtodor website. When sending the application by letter, all copies must be notarized. The notification is sent to the applicant within 45 days.

Bus service requirements

The list of documents that are needed to obtain a license is easy to collect. However, the list of licensing requirements includes two more items:

• compliance with the requirements of Art. 20 security law traffic;
• compliance with the Charter of Road Transport and the Rules for the Transportation of Passengers.

In fact, their implementation can only be checked in the process of work, and the traffic police and Rostransnadzor control this. If the patrol car of these services stops the minibus and finds inconsistencies or lack of required documents, this will be considered a violation of the license requirements. These include:

• pretrip control technical condition TS;
• issuance of a waybill for each bus;
• pre-trip medical examination of drivers;
• civil liability insurance of the owner of the vehicle;
• transport equipment technical means control.

In addition, buses must run strictly according to the schedule, there must be a route map in the cabin, and all passengers must have a travel ticket. At the same time, the functions of control services are strictly delimited. So, for example, an ordinary traffic police patrol is not authorized to check the presence of stamps on technical inspection and medical examination in waybill, this can only be done by employees of Rostransnadzor.

How to put the bus on the route

Over the years, the country has developed a standard system of urban and intermunicipal transportation. The main managers of routes (in fact, sellers) are the administrations of the regional and municipal levels. Permission to service them has long been received by various JSCs, LLCs, individual entrepreneurs, as a rule, close to the authorities.

The third in this chain are direct executors, bus owners, that is, small individual entrepreneurs who are not independent players in the transportation market. They work with owners of routes according to different schemes.

1. An agreement is concluded between the owner of the route and the owner of the bus, for example, on joint activities, that is, the right to work on the route is sold. It is clear that each of them has its price.
2. The intermediary concludes a fictitious bus rental agreement with its owner, and draws him up as an employee. The real relationship boils down to the fact that the driver daily “unfastens” a share of the proceeds for the route sheet.

Sometimes an entrepreneur who owns several buses enters into an agreement with an organization that has the official right to put the bus on the route and hires drivers. But most often, an agreement is concluded with individual entrepreneurs who have their own car. It is they who are the actual owners of the business: they bear the cost of gasoline, maintenance, are responsible for everything before the law, pay taxes and insurance premiums. Intermediaries only collect "tribute" in cash. For them, minibuses are a “gold mine”, they do not show real profit, and it is almost impossible to check and take into account it.

Currently, the sale of tickets for travel on buses, including fixed-route taxis, does not require the use of cash registers (CCTs). However, Law No. 192-FZ of July 3, 2018 amended, according to which the benefit is canceled from July 1, 2019.

How realistic is it to open a new direction

Theoretically, this is possible, but in practice there are many obstacles to overcome. First, the most profitable areas have already been mastered. You can only count on places with low passenger traffic, or those where municipal transport prevails and obviously cannot cope with the load. The issue is resolved in the transport department of the local administration.

Refusal is most often motivated by such reasons: “according to calculations on this direction no additional vehicles are required” or “the need for passenger transportation is fully satisfied”. The real reasons are more prosaic. Putting into operation a private fixed-route taxi, as a rule, reduces the income of already planned-unprofitable municipal unitary enterprises, ATP, which are left with only beneficiaries. And this means an even greater increase in subsidies from the local budget to cover their debts. However, such waivers are often challenged in the courts, and sometimes decisions are made in favor of the private carrier.

Since 2016, the rules for establishing routes have been regulated by Law No. 220-FZ on the organization of regular transportation. They come down to this:

• an organization, an individual entrepreneur or a simple partnership of carriers can submit an application for establishing a route;
• full information is attached to the application: the name of the route, the scheme of stopping points, the schedule, the list of vehicles;
• if there are common stops with existing routes, the time difference must be at least 10 minutes.

The last condition has changed since January 2018 (previously it was 15 minutes), and if there are intersections, you will need to submit written agreement with carriers already operating in this direction. It is clear that this does not make the task much easier, but a register of municipal and intermunicipal routes, which local authorities are now required to maintain and publish in the public domain, can be useful. Among other things, it also indicates those who have the official right to work for them (read the owners).

Official website of the Administration of St. Petersburg, where the register of municipal routes is published. If a route is not on the registry, it does not legally exist.

How much do you earn on a taxi

It is clear that it is difficult to calculate the real earnings of "minibuses", in each city and in each direction they are different. No one particularly shares this information, but rumors of "millions" are greatly exaggerated. Here are some examples from cities, from which certain conclusions can be drawn.

In medium-sized cities, the average daily revenue is 5,500–7,000 rubles (Penza), 6,000–10,000 rubles (Kemerovo), depending on the route. More on weekdays, less on weekends. When working “according to the plan”, the driver without his own transport gives the intermediary 3,000–3,500 thousand rubles a day, if he has his own bus, 30,000–60,000 per month (per route). If we take away the cost of gasoline, the net income per day is 2,000–3,500 rubles per day. This is with a normal 8-hour workday, and many work 12-hour days.

The average figures for cities with more than 600 thousand inhabitants are given in the range of 50-60 thousand rubles per month per minibus, in Moscow up to 75 thousand rubles. Moreover, in the capital, the average salary of a municipal bus driver is not much lower. On the most profitable routes, the profitability can reach 150 thousand per month from one bus.

How much does it cost to open a bus business

Each business plan is prepared taking into account the prices in its region. Specific figures depend on how the transport is bought: for one's own money, with the help of a loan, in leasing. So, for example, there are offers on Avito for the sale of a 2014 PAZ-32054 bus with a route for 700 thousand rubles (a small town in Southwestern Siberia). In Samara, two 2012 Hyundai Country buses (on the current route) are being sold for 1.4 million rubles, the seller promises a profitability of up to 80,000 rubles per month.

It is more practical to proceed from the list of initial and fixed costs, laying in the business plan the average figures for your region. An indicative list is given in the table.

An analysis of publicly available information shows that the cost of starting a business on a fixed-route taxi with one bus is 0.8–1.8 million rubles. If a fleet of 3-5 cars is planned, the costs increase to 4 million rubles. But at the same time, you need to additionally pay for the services of a dispatcher, an accountant and rent a small office space.

Law No. 220-FZ: what will change in the transportation market

The situation on the fixed-route taxi market changed with the release of Law No. 220-FZ, which came into full force in mid-2016. In fact, this is the first attempt at state level, the purpose of which is to bring the chaotic and hidden market out of the shadows passenger traffic. The law gave the authorities the right to set regulated tariffs, and Moscow was the first to do this, which transferred all major city routes to the municipal contract.

Today in Russia fixed-route taxis are very popular. Residents of megacities and small towns fell in love with this type of transport for comfortable and fast movement. As a result, the route business is in increasing demand every day. People use these services on a daily basis, despite the lack of benefits when paying for travel.

Fixed-route taxis are especially popular in large cities, where they have almost replaced other ground public transport. In the most different places their popularity is growing year by year. In Moscow alone, there are almost ten thousand fixed-route taxis. This indicates a high profitability of the business. Therefore, many may have a question about how to open a fixed-route taxi. This will be discussed further.

Secondary Income

It is worth noting that in addition to paying for travel, this type of transport can bring additional income. This once again emphasizes how profitable a fixed-route taxi can be. Business can and should be multifaceted.

• Advertising placed inside your vehicle. Posters, business cards, information booklets and other promotional materials - this will bring considerable income to the owner of the route business, if everything is organized correctly. Usually such products, effective and catchy, are placed closer to passengers in order to attract their attention.
• Using the car body as an advertising surface. This design is applied by specialists of the relevant agency in the form of a film with a bright image. Despite the fact that this type of advertising is quite expensive, this does not prevent it from gaining more and more popularity.
• Provision of transportation services for excursions and other organized groups.
• Provision of a vehicle for various festive events.

So, if all of the above convinced you to open your own route business, you just need to familiarize yourself with the main stages of this process. They will be discussed further.

License

To draw up a document for the implementation of this type of activity, you need to contact the department of transport inspection at the place of residence. There you can also find out in detail how to open a fixed-route taxi. It will be mandatory to bring cars in line with the requirements established for this type of passenger transport. It is also necessary to have in the staff of people with the appropriate driver's license and who have passed special certification. The license is issued for a period of five years.

The receipt of this document is paid by the state duty of two types, namely: for consideration of an application for obtaining a license and for its issuance. For each vehicle, the company has a separate registration card. IN different regions countries, the amounts that must be paid for a license are differentiated.

They can range from $350 to $500. Within 30 days you will have a ready-made license in your hands. Without this document, passenger transportation is strictly prohibited. For this legislation provides for a system of administrative penalties in the form of fines. Individual entrepreneurship allows you to engage in this type of business, you can also register as a Limited Liability Company (LLC).

But the most important document is still a license for the right to engage in transportation. This is important to know when organizing a route business. The license is issued by the Russian Ministry of Transport. It is issued for the transportation of more than eight people in a car that is specially equipped for this.

Required documents for obtaining a license

To get started, you need the following materials:

Charter of the enterprise;

Memorandum of association;

Certificate of state registration;

Documents on tax registration;

Statistics management codes;

Bank details;

Physical and legal address;

Lease agreement for a parking lot;

Passports of vehicles;

Driver's licenses DB and PC;

Certificates of technical inspection of vehicles;

Driver's documents work books, driver's license).

Selection and purchase of cars

In this case, you should apply individual approach. You will form your car park based on financial capabilities. However, saving on this item of expenses is not worth it by purchasing used cars. Experienced owners of fixed-route taxis will definitely help with advice, which is worth heeding.

It is known that during a work shift, depending on a given flight, a car can travel quite long distances. This is important to know if you want to organize a fixed-route taxi. Business in this case depends on the calculations. If you multiply the mileage by the total number of shifts per day, and even by the number of days in a year, you get an impressive figure.

Such long distances are not always mastered even by a brand new foreign car. GAZelles (GAZ-322132) for 13 passenger seats are recognized as the most popular cars today. Ford Transit with 18 seats and Mercedes-Benz Sprinter with 19 seats are also in demand. Despite their price attractiveness, GAZelles are not very comfortable and roomy, and their operating conditions leave much to be desired.

If your financial possibilities are still somewhat limited, use leasing. But just do not save on cars! With this type of loan, you will reduce the cost of buying the necessary machines and get a discount on some taxes.

Route development

This is an important point. To find out how to get a route for passenger transportation, you need to contact the city administration. They regularly arrange competitions for the implementation of transportation, in which you can and should participate.

The minibus business plan brought to your attention sets itself and solves important social and economic tasks. The main ones are: creation of a profitable enterprise for the transportation of passengers in the city; Satisfaction of consumer demand for fixed-route taxi services; extracting profit. To date, this type of transport in large cities and suburban areas has become a serious competitor to bus transportation and electric transport. The main advantages of a fixed-route taxi are greater maneuverability of vehicles and high speed delivery of passengers.

Project Summary

The considered business plan for a fixed-route taxi with calculations contains information and recommendations for opening an enterprise with a two-year cash turnover.

The project is financed by obtaining a bank commercial loan in the amount of 22.08 million rubles.

With the declared payback period (2 years), the investor will receive an income in the amount of 2 million 97.6 thousand rubles.

The payment of interest on borrowed funds and their return begin from the first month of operation of the passenger transportation enterprise. This condition is accepted in this business plan in order to more easily assimilate the methodology for regulating flows Money and the logic for calculating the discount flow.

The loan rate is 24% (when determining it, the possibility of lowering should also be taken into account, as evidenced by the trend in banking policy).

The total amount of funds accrued to the creditor for interest will amount to 2 million 97.6 thousand rubles.

The volume of the loan provides the project life cycle at two years old.

Payback period of the project:

• 17 months - from the beginning of its implementation;
• 24 months - including discounting.

For the estimated life cycle, the total economic effect will be 6,642,521.6 rubles.

Market characteristics

Currently, the passenger transportation market has a significant number of small companies who do not fully feel the high intensity of competition. This is due to the relative freedom of the service market in this industry, long payback periods for enterprises, psychological barriers to starting a business, and complex administration.

According to economic statistics, bus transportation in Russia today copes with the task only by 80-85%. Only 60% of the country's residents regularly use bus transport services, and given value tends to decrease steadily.

In addition, in cities, the process of absorption of small carriers by large transport companies is increasingly observed, which are constantly increasing their presence in the service market. In particular, the number of companies owning 1-2 vehicles is rapidly decreasing.

At the same time, there are more than 80,000 individual entrepreneurs continue to transport. They have about 350,000 buses at their disposal, each with an average daily mileage of 250 to 350 kilometers.

According to experts, the total capacity of the domestic passenger transportation market is approximately 250 billion rubles, and this figure is presented in the minimum value. Given the ongoing urbanization of the country, there should be no cause for concern for carriers in the coming years.

It should also be taken into account that the development of road transport infrastructure lags far behind the pace of industrialization. This makes the use of personal transport more and more costly and problematic. This fact makes the development public transport almost no alternative option to satisfy the services of passengers in transportation. Already, the annual growth total cost services is 19.5-20%.

In terms of organizing a business in this industry, there are some significant barriers. For example, since large transport companies At the moment, they are practically not experiencing financial problems, it is becoming increasingly difficult for private carriers to gain access to state-subsidized transportation of passengers using the benefits established for them.

Thus, market analysis shows that, despite a significant number of market participants (and even gradually increasing), the volume of potential consumers of services is practically not growing. This is largely due to problems caused by low level safety of transportation and high tariffs for the transportation of passengers.

Main stages of project implementation

The project of organizing an enterprise for transportation by fixed-route taxis is planned to be implemented as part of the following stages:

Services and Marketing

According to experts, only 1% of consumers of services is enough for it to become socially significant. This conclusion allows us to consider the business of organizing passenger transportation by fixed-route taxis as promising, with high profitability.

Therefore, when competent organization marketing, the created enterprise is able to fully recoup the investment and bring profit to the founder.

The main measures to form consumer opinion, which contributes to the growth in demand for fixed-route taxi services, are:

• Placement of branded inscriptions on cars.
• Distribution of offers from the company in the media mass media, on television and radio.
• Ordering promotional materials in specialized publications.
• Creating your own website.
• Work in social networks.

Project Administration

As already emphasized above, the creation of an enterprise for the transportation of passengers by fixed-route taxi requires considerable effort and hassle associated with the registration of a business.

Since 2011, it has been mandatory in Russia to obtain a license for passenger transportation in vehicles with a capacity of more than 8 people. To receive it best solution there will be an appeal to intermediary organizations.

Obtaining a license itself provides for the need for the founder of the enterprise to pass 10-day courses at the transport inspection, which study the specifics of activities in this area and the existing requirements for the work of carriers on fixed-route taxis. Consideration of this issue may take about 1 month.

After completing the training, the employees of the transport inspectorate check the infrastructure of the enterprise, its technical base and equipment, the availability of documents on the passage medical examination.

Project administration includes the choice of a taxation system and the legal form of the enterprise. A license will be required if the number of vehicles used for the provision of services exceeds 20 vehicles.

In addition, if the number of cars is not more than 20, then, according to the Tax Code, an individual entrepreneur or enterprise can use the taxation system in the form of a single tax on imputed income (UTII).

To register an LLC, the founder must submit the following documents:

• Receipt of depositing the mandatory amount of the authorized capital to the bank.
• Agreement on the formation of LLC.
• Application for registration.
• Notarized charter of LLC and other documents, the list of which may be established by regional and municipal authorities.

To register an individual entrepreneur, you will need:

• Receipt for payment of state duty.
• Application for registration.
• Copies of notarized personal documents.

Getting a seal for IP is optional.

Recruitment

This business plan provides for the organization of the enterprise by hiring carriers with their own vehicles. To be hired, candidates must have and present:

• Documents for registration as an individual entrepreneur.
• Personal passports.
• A package of documents for vehicles.
• Insurance and certificates from the traffic police on passing the technical inspection of cars.

The number of recruited employees is determined by the degree of congestion of the route on which they will have to work.

Recruitment is carried out on a competitive basis, preference is given to highly qualified specialists. The duration of the competition is 1 month.

The wage fund in this business plan is designed for 12 employees.

Project technical support

The created enterprise for passenger transportation includes the following elements of the production infrastructure:

• Production facilities for the maintenance and repair of vehicles.
• Equipped parking.
• The room for the work of the dispatch service.
• Telemetric equipment, computer and software for monitoring the movement of vehicles and the services provided.
• Post medical examination of drivers.

The selection of candidates for employment with personal cars should be made taking into account ensuring productivity growth, compliance with transportation safety requirements, compliance with the requirements of the founder to ensure a positive reputation of the enterprise.

Financial plan

The created enterprise operates within the legal form of LLC. The beginning of the financial year is January. The main tax paid is income tax at a rate of 24%.

Project costs

Information on the costs of the newly created enterprise takes into account the need to overcome serious competition, therefore, when purchasing equipment, preference is given to high-quality equipment. The calculation was made with an estimated payback period of 2 years.

Projected service delivery plan

Period	Services	Volume (per month)	Price	Revenue
		900 thousand passengers	10 rub.	9 million rubles
1-12 months (investment period)		100 orders	3 thousand rubles	300 thousand rubles
13-24 months (functional period)	Urban transportation of passengers along the established route	1 million 200 thousand passengers	12 rub.	RUB 1,440 thousand
13-24 months (functional period)	Passenger transportation by order of consumers	190 and more	3.5 thousand rubles	665 thousand rubles

The plan is calculated based on the following mode of operation of the enterprise and the types of services provided:

Standard opening hours: from 07:00 to 24:00 hours.

Peak hours: 06:00 to 10:00 am and 16:00 to 20:00 pm.

The possibility of leasing to the enterprise its own car by its owner with employment as a driver is taken into account. Drivers also work for a percentage of daily earnings.

As a rule, the amount of daily revenue from a Gazelle minibus is from 1.5 to 3.5 thousand rubles. From this amount, the owner of the vehicle is left with an average of 500 - 1,000 rubles.

The profit of the enterprise is determined under these conditions by the length of the routes on which taxi cars operate, the capacity of cars and the amount of deductions for drivers.

Eventually

An example of this business plan and the calculations performed show that the creation of a limited liability company that will deal with passenger transportation is an extremely profitable business with high degrees of risks of various nature.

The most important condition for its successful functioning is the possibility of investing large enough funds that will be used to create and equip a car fleet and service stations. Opening an enterprise objectively requires a high responsibility, perseverance and tension from the founder. He must have a sufficient level of industry knowledge, understand the nature of activities in the market for the provision of transport services and be able to take responsibility for the operation of the enterprise, the safety and health of people.

Taking into account the predicted indicators of growth in sales volumes, the costs of the project, the cost of services provided, the profitability of this business, it can be argued with a high degree of confidence about its great prospects.

The fixed-route taxi service has become popular both in the metropolis and in small towns. Residents are willing to pay for fast and comfortable movement around the city. In this regard, the route business is becoming more popular every day and is gaining more and more interest among entrepreneurs. The fixed-route taxi service is used by thousands of people every day in every city, which means that you don’t even have to think about the profitability of the business. In this regard, many beginners and experienced businessmen are wondering: how to open a fixed-route taxi? To answer this question in our article, we will give an example of a fixed-route taxi business plan, and also talk about the pitfalls of this profitable business.

First you need to calculate the business plan for a fixed-route taxi and register as an individual entrepreneur. In the business plan, calculate all the costs associated with the purchase and operation of the fleet, employee salaries, rent of garages and parking lots.

After that, you need to obtain a license to carry out this type of activity. To do this, you need to contact the transport inspectorate at the place of residence. Inspection specialists will acquaint you with the requirements for passenger transport, as well as explain how to open a fixed-route taxi. To do this, it is necessary to put the car fleet in order, hire drivers with the appropriate category of a driver's license and who have passed a special certification. To obtain a license, you must pay two types of state duty: for consideration of an application and for issuing a license. After that, a document is issued for a period of five years.

The license in different regions costs differently - from 20 to 40 thousand rubles. Obtaining a license usually occurs within a month after the application is submitted.

Remember: It is strictly forbidden to carry passengers without a license. Under the law, this is punishable by a large fine.

Cars

When choosing cars, an entrepreneur will have to choose between price and quality. Domestic cars are not equipped comfortable chairs, air-conditioned and as reliable as imported minibuses, but their cost is usually 3-4 times less.

For example, the famous "gazelle" costs about 600 thousand rubles, and the minibus "Mercedes Sprinter" at least 1.5 million rubles.

Domestic legend of minibuses - "gazelle" costs about 600 thousand rubles

In addition to the fact that you have to buy transport, you also need to insure and maintain it. The more expensive the car, the higher the cost of insurance. However, there are already ways to save on this, for this, entrepreneurs buy cars that have been used abroad (no more than 3-4 years). It is also possible to buy and convert cargo vans to save about 20 percent on compulsory insurance.

Minibus "Mercedes" for passenger transportation will cost the entrepreneur 1.5 million rubles

There is an option to hire individual entrepreneurs with their own transport, but this will not bring the desired income, and it is also dangerous for entrepreneurs to leave for another route.

Staff

The selection of drivers must be approached with special attention because their experience and skillful hands can help you grow and maintain your business. Of course, expecting experienced, polite, non-smoking and non-drinking employees is fantastic. However, at the moment this is not required in the route business.

When selecting drivers, it is necessary to pay attention to their experience and places of previous work.

There are two driver options:

• conclusion of lease agreements for a car, drawn up by a notary, indicating the terms and amounts of monthly payments. However, for this, the driver will need to register as an individual entrepreneur and work 12-15 hours a day in order to earn more. And the owner of a fixed-route taxi is not very interested in money.
• official employment of drivers, under a contract or acceptance into the state. In this case, the driver receives a salary and a percentage of the proceeds. You will have to pay taxes for your employee, but compared to the potential profit, this is a small expense.

Also, for the operation of the fleet, you will need mechanics, an accountant, a lawyer and an office manager. The drivers themselves may not always have time to monitor the condition of the cars, but the mechanics will not miss the breakdowns and ensure the safety of the movement of vehicles.

Drivers won't be able to fix their cars on their own, so you need to hire a mechanic

The accountant will have to keep records and file declarations on time tax service, pension and insurance funds. The office manager should be responsible for documents, workplace attendance, and receive calls.

Provided that 6 fixed-route taxis are purchased for the first period, the entrepreneur will need 12 drivers, 2 mechanics, 1 accountant, 1 lawyer, office manager and cleaner. The total payroll will be about 500 thousand monthly.

How to open your route

The route can be compiled independently or an existing one can be selected. However, the choice of an existing route can be problematic due to competitors who will not welcome a newcomer and will try to put a spoke in the wheels. But this option will bring a stable income, as people are already accustomed to traveling along this route.

An independent route will be compiled as convenient as possible for a businessman, but it will require promotion, like any new product on the service market. In order to lay a new route, it is necessary to carefully analyze the area for the presence of competitors, then conduct a survey among the population about the need for such a flight. In order not to remain in the red, it is necessary to cover about 10 percent of the passengers in this area. If the number of competitors does not exceed demand, then you can safely run in a new direction. It often becomes profitable to develop a newly built area, as the number of residents in it increases, and competition for initial stage low enough. Acquaintance of passengers with the route takes from one to three months. Please note that the salary at this time will be paid no matter what.

Advertising

Advertising on and inside transport can become an additional source of income for the owner of a fixed-route taxi. At first, it will take a little time for advertisers to notice you, but when correct presentation this period will be only 2-4 months.

Inside the salon, you can place booklets, business cards and banners, as well as install a small plasma with commercials. Advertising on the body of a car is also popular, but you need to remember about the image of the company. If you use low-quality stickers, the advertisement will quickly deteriorate and look unattractive, which will repel a potential advertiser.

Advertising on the back of a fixed-route taxi brings monthly from 50 to 100 thousand rubles

You can independently engage in advertising and expand the staff by adding an advertising department. Or entrust this business to professionals and receive a commission in the form of interest. On average, from one machine, you can monthly receive up to 70 thousand profits from advertising.

Income and expenses

In order to finally knock out the estimate, we calculate the costs and income of a passenger taxi, consisting of 6 cars.

First you need to spend money on registering an IP - 800 rubles. Then obtaining a license - about 40 thousand rubles. The purchase of six "gazelles" will cost the entrepreneur 3.5 million rubles, plus insurance for cars - 250-300 thousand rubles. Total one-time expenses will amount to 4 million rubles.

Renting garages and an office will cost at least 150,000 monthly, staff salaries - 500,000, fuel and lubricants - 350,000. Total monthly expenses- 1 million rubles.

The income of a fixed-route taxi averages 15-20 thousand per day, then an entrepreneur will earn 3.5 million rubles from six cars per month, plus advertising revenues from 70 to 100 thousand per month. But before that, you will have to work in the red for several months so that passengers get used to the route. The average payback time for a business is 6-10 months.

So, as we see, opening your own minibus is quite expensive, but on the other hand, it is a highly profitable business. With skillful management and high-quality staff, after six months, taxis will begin to bring the owner one and a half to two million a month. Agree - a very promising business idea.