Flaubert writer biography. Life of wonderful names. Looking for true love. On the road to self-destruction

When starting to study a writer’s work, pay attention to the works that are at the top of this rating. Feel free to click on the up and down arrows if you think that a certain work should be higher or lower in the list. As a result of common efforts, including based on your assessments, we will receive the most adequate rating books by Gustave Flaubert.

Madame Bovary (1857) is the fruit of six years of work and the first published work of Flaubert, the titled “father of the modern novel.” The main theme of Madame Bovary was the eternal conflict between illusion and reality. "...an artist with Flaubert's talent manages to transform a wretched, according to his own ideas, world... into one of the most perfect examples of poetic invention..." Vladimir Nabokov "Lectures on Foreign Literature"... Further

Radio play on scandalous romance Flaubert will take you to France and allow you to observe the life of a beautiful, interesting woman. The passionate and romantic nature of Emma Bovary does not find happiness in her marriage with a village doctor and her life turns into a series of events, to which society always disapproves. But no matter how vicious and immoral the heroine is, she is a “true woman” whose flaws are as attractive as her virtues! This paradox contains the beauty of the most controversial female image French literature. Such women will always be loved by men and rejected by society. Emma Bovary - Alisa Koonen Charles Bovary - Evgeniy Vesnik Leon - Georgy Yanikowski Homais, pharmacist - Boris Petker Leray - Dmitry Sumarokov Guillomen, notary - Yuri Khmelnitsky Rudolf - Anatoly Larionov Bournisien - Nikolay Novlyansky Justin - Anatoly Lipovetsky Felicite - Lyubov Goryachikh Presenter - Konstantin V Akhterov Production by Alisa Koonen Director Anatoly Lipovetsky The episodes feature theater artists ® Gosteleradiofond, 1960... Further
The audiobook “A Simple Soul” is a work by a classic of French literature, one of the greatest European writers of the 19th century, Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880). The author of the famous novels Madame Bovary and Sentimental Education created this little story at the end of his life, in 1877 year. It is in “A Simple Soul” that the originality of Flaubert’s prose is most clearly manifested: using extremely laconic visual means, striving for precision in language and style, the writer achieves penetration into the very depths of human existence. Here is the sad story of the illiterate, ignorant peasant woman Felicite - a woman infinitely charming in her spiritual simplicity and naivety. All her life, Felicite, despite endless hardships and misfortunes, continued to love, to give her love to others... All her life, tragic in its absurdity, she felt the need to turn her care and tenderness to someone...... Further
In the novel "Salambo", the love story of the daughter of the military leader Hamilcar Salambo and the barbarian leader Mato unfolds against the backdrop of the turbulent events of the mercenary uprising against Carthage in the third century BC. Flaubert worked on the novel from 1857 to 1862. and remained committed to precise expressive detail, striving to be as historically accurate as possible.... Further
Three Stories (Trois Contes, 1877) - the author's collection of the French classic Gustave Flaubert, includes unusual and vivid story plots. A Simple Heart - written by Flaubert based on some events from his own life - he also loved country house V Normandy, he was also engaged in knowledge, like Paul. More importantly, he also suffered from epilepsy like Felicite. A Simple Heart is a story about the life of an unhappy servant, haunted throughout her life only by suffering and loss. In the end, at the end of her life, the most valuable thing she has is a stuffed parrot. Little by little, without noticing it, the woman begins to identify him with the divine Holy Spirit. The legend of Saint Julian the Merciful was written by Flaubert under the impression of the large stained glass window in Rouen Cathedral, which he often visited. However, contrary to the stained glass, Flaubert noticeably changed the plot of the legend. It says that in the lives of most righteous people there is always something to come to confession with. And then, one day, the hero of this story, having sincerely repented of all the sins of his youth, by the will of fate found himself on the threshold of a fatal test - a leper patient asked Julian for a kiss. Having accepted the poor man’s request with a pure soul, Julian suddenly found himself in the arms of Jesus, who carried him to heaven. Herodias is the story of how Herodias decided to behead John the Baptist through a secret conspiracy with her daughter Salome, who charmed the ruler Herod Antipas with her dance to such an extent that he vowed to fulfill any of her wishes. Flaubert was inspired to write this story by Oscar Wilde's Salome, as well as Jules Massenet's opera Herodias, which was based on the plot of Julian the Merciful.... Further

Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880) - famous French novelist, head of the realistic school in France. Logged in world literature as the creator of an objective narrative, when the author remains an impartial observer, without imposing his assessments and preferences on the reader. Being an outstanding master of style, he created classic examples of French prose. "Education for Sentiments" (1869), or (in an early translation) "Sentimental Education" is Flaubert's last novel published during his lifetime. Main character Frederic Moreau, while still an eighteen-year-old student, met Jacques Arnoux, an art dealer, and fell in love with his wife. This feeling remains platonic until the end of the story. Love brings nothing but suffering to Frederic: Madame Arnoux feels sympathy for the young man, but does not want to cheat on her husband. And the unfortunate Moreau rushes into the maelstrom of alcove adventures. Intertwined with the story of the hero’s “sentimental upbringing” is the story of his failed career. All of Frederick's hobbies - writing, painting, jurisprudence - are fruitless. The action in the novel takes place during the revolution of 1848. The whirlpool of Parisian life during the years of the political crisis clearly emphasizes the spiritual emptiness of the youth of the author’s time. At the end of the book, Frederick and his comrade sum up the years they have lived. And both admit that “life failed – both for the one who dreamed of love and for the one who dreamed of power.” Translation from French by E. Beketova Performer and sound engineer Maxim Suslov Music - Vyacheslav Tupichenko © & ℗ 1C-Publishing LLC... Further

At the heart of the entire work of the French writer Gustave Flaubert (1821–1880) lies an irreconcilable conflict and discrepancy between the inner spiritual world of man and the surrounding reality. In his famous novel Madame Bovary, translated by Nikolai Lyubimov, Gustave Flaubert gives it hard psychological analysis the main character Emma Bovary, who lives in the hope of filling the inner emptiness and is unable to resist the vulgarity and cruelty of the world.... Further
She dreamed of being loved, living surrounded by beauty and brilliant society. But in return, fate gave her a marriage with a village doctor and vegetation in a tiny town among the inhabitants. However, there is a man who seems to Emma Bovary to be the embodiment of her former dream. Where to Will her pursuit of the ghost of love lead her to happiness or to the grave?... Further
Gustave Flaubert entered world literature as the creator of an objective novel, when the author remains a dispassionate observer and does not impose his assessments on the reader. “Education of Feelings” is a brilliant confirmation of this. The hero of the novel, Frederic Moreau, is trying to make a career realize his natural abilities, he wants and knows how to love. But his chosen one is tied by marriage, and all of Frederick’s endeavors - writing, painting, jurisprudence - remain just endeavors...... Further
Gustave Flaubert in the novel “Salammbô” turned to the history of ancient Carthage (III century BC) and created an amazingly picturesque work in which the abundance of historical specifics, description of material culture, morals do not obscure the moral and philosophical problems,understandable and close to the modern reader: love and fidelity, kindness and cruelty, civilization and barbarism. Salammbo has a romantic nature and a dramatic fate; love and death are the beginning and end of her life on the pages of the novel.... Further
The story of a medieval righteous man who renounced the sins of his youth, and his final test.
“Julian’s father and mother lived in a castle among the forests, on the slope of a hill. The four corner towers ended with pointed roofs covered with lead tiles, and the base of the walls rested on blocks of rocks that fell to the very depths of the ditches..." ... More
The story of Salome, a Jewish princess who played a significant role in biblical history.
The novel “The Spiritual Spirituality” is the most complex in style, ideas, and problems written by Gustave Flaubert. This is a richly planned creation, in which the history of France, the history of a generation, the history of a hero is understood from a new, unseen perspective. In Svidomo's life the hero of the novel is young Frederic Moreau begins with a lot of revelations about himself and his ability, with the song that he was destined for an unimportant fate. He becomes a writer and writes a novel, but does not complete it, composes waltzes, learns the Chinese language, tries his hand at painting, and never finds his passion, all his young ambitions recognize defeats. Vrashti-resht, without showing itself in any way, this beautiful business was lost in death, and the high places appeared worthless right. This is where the spiritual training of the sensibilities ended.... Further
Before the book, we published the most famous novel “Lady Bovary” and the story “A Simple Soul”. These works convey a sense of genuine humanity and impress the reader with an outward simplicity that combines with the depth of psychological analysis. Flaubert's novel "Lady Bovary" (1856) marks an important milestone on the roads the development of French and European literature. This novel gave birth to a new type of artistic prose, essentially different from the prose of earlier eras. The novel relates to realistic literature, but at the same time gave impulses to other literary trends and currents of the other half of the nineteenth century. In Flaubert’s novel, he pursued the “objective method,” the main sign of which is the elimination of the direct author’s presence in the work, such as various inputs, comments, evaluations of what is depicted, emotional outbursts, etc. For the first time in this novel, the straightforward language is widely vikorized, as in the future great expansion in the literature of the twentieth century.... Further

The 19th century in the field of culture was rightly considered the century of the novel. The novel was for the educated classes what serials are now. Both entertainment and learning. Gorky’s call “Love the book - the source of knowledge!” legs are growing precisely from that era when the novelist not only entertained the audience with the plot, but also instilled in it a lot of useful information. Victor Hugo will always be an example for us in this.

What about Victor Hugo! He's not the only one! The 19th century is the century of glory of the French novel. It was then that literature in France became a source of decent income for many, very diverse, writers and journalists. The circle of literature consumers, those who could read and enjoyed it, grew exponentially. For which we should say special thanks to the public education system and the industrial revolution. The “production” of novels has also become a kind of entertainment industry. But not only. Literature and journalism shaped the national consciousness and the French language itself.

And if we talk about language and style, the main successes in this area were achieved by Gustave Flaubert (1821 - 1880). He is sometimes called the creator of the modern novel.

“Flaubert’s Norman Mustache” is remembered by everyone who listened to and fell in love with D. Tukhmanov’s 1975 album “In the Wave of My Memory.” What is true is true, Gustave Flaubert had a luxurious mustache. And yes, he was a native of Normandy.

Gustave Flaubert was born in the “capital” of Normandy, Rouen. His father was the chief physician of the local hospital. Studying at the Royal College of Rouen made the boy fall in love with history and literature. Moreover, not only French. Gustave read both Cervantes and Shakespeare. Here, in college, he acquired a faithful friend for life, the future poet L. Buyer.

Now from Paris to Rouen it takes two hours by train. At the beginning of the 19th century, this was also not very far away, so Gustave Flaubert went to continue his studies in Paris. At the Sorbonne he studied law. After three years of study, he failed the exams and said goodbye to the idea of becoming a lawyer. But he became eager to become a writer.

In 1846, his father died. After him, the family left enough wealth for Gustave to be able to return to the Croisset estate near Rouen, which belonged to their family. Here he lived, caring for his mother and pursuing literature. From here he sometimes traveled to Paris, where he met with famous colleagues E. Zola, G. Maupassant, the Goncourt brothers and I. S. Turgenev. By the way, the Russian writer had a considerable influence on all of the listed French writers. And no translation was required for communication. Turgenev spoke excellent French.

Flaubert's life is not particularly eventful. Although there were also travels in it. For example, in the recently French colony Tunisia and the Middle East. But still, he locked himself in the provinces and focused entirely on literature. There was no pressure hanging over him to constantly earn a living by writing. Therefore, he could hone each phrase at his leisure in search of the “right word” (“mot juste”). In the already mentioned song from the disc “In the Wave of My Memory,” written based on a poem by M. Voloshin, the Goncourt brothers are called “chasers.” Perhaps this nickname would be more suitable for the great perfectionist Flaubert. In short, G. Flaubert became famous as an outstanding stylist.

Throughout his creative life, Flaubert published five books. His first novel, Madame Bovary, was published in 1857. The release of the novel was accompanied by a scandal, which attracted additional attention to it.

The main theme of this work is the conflict between imagined life and real life. The heroine of the novel is not a heroic person at all. Moreover, the unforgettable M.S. Panikovsky would call Madame Bovary a pitiful and insignificant person. An ordinary bourgeois woman from a small town near Rouen (province, so to speak), in search of adventure and “high” (in her understanding) love, squanders her husband’s money and ultimately commits suicide. At the same time, she is poisoned with arsenic. Who knows - not the most aesthetic way to commit suicide. A long and painful death, black vomit... And all this was carefully described by G. Flaubert. And in general, Flaubert’s work created a sensation with its realism. Before that, not a single French writer had described in detail how the heroine of his novel was fucked in a carriage circling around the city. Ah, the morality of the French nation was terribly traumatized by this! The author and editors of the magazine in which the novel was published were brought to court for insulting public morals

The trial by the writer and journalists was won. In 1857, the novel Madame Bovary was published as a separate book. Completely, without cuts. And critics stuck a label on G. Flaubert: realist. However, the realism of the French writer has little relation to the critical realism that flourished in pre-revolutionary Russia, and even more so to the socialist realism, which frightened philology students in the Soviet Union for seventy years.

G. Flaubert's second book was published five years later. It was the historical novel "Salammbô". The action took place in Carthage after the first Punic War. That is, long before our era. Exotic, though. The writer’s impressions of the trip to Tunisia had an impact. Carthage was located in these parts. By the way, the novel was and remains a very fascinating read. It contains a lot of erotica, which at that time could be considered pornography too.

The third novel, “Education of Sentiments” (“L"éducation sentimentale”) was published in 1859. This is a story about young man who lives in difficult times again french revolution. The young man was brought up in a romantic spirit, but faced real life. To be honest, this is a phenomenon that occurs with every generation of young men at any time, even not very revolutionary ones. So the novel may seem interesting to many boys of the 1990s. (It was also a stormy time in modern history Russia) And yes, this story also has a sexual twist - the love of a young man and an adult woman, fifteen years older than him.

In 1874, a book was published that Flaubert had been writing for almost twenty years, “The Temptation of Saint Anthony” (“La Tentation de Saint-Antoine”). Flaubert not so much describes the feat of the saint as he broadly and generously, in Bruegelian style, depicts all existing and conceivable heresies, religions, philosophies and sins. It’s interesting to write about sins, and it’s not boring to read.

All of the above novels are still interesting to read. Flaubert is not a boring writer. Not Emile Zola, who stoked the firebox of his creative imagination for the full-length book series “Rougon-Macquart” (21 “production” novels - no joke!). In terms of subject matter, it is closer to Maupassant, whose books were not given out to schoolchildren in the library during my adolescence. The only difference is that Flaubert wrote one novel on a topic about which Maupassant wrote a dozen short stories. So if someone has not read Flaubert, we can advise you to fill this gap. At least you won’t regret the time spent on this. And the translations into Russian are good, giving you a sense of the skill of the great stylist.

It is difficult to talk about the life that G. Flaubert lived in his last years. No adventures, no love affairs. True, they say that he had love with Guy de Maupassant’s mother. Death began to approach friends and relatives; in 1869, his friend the poet Buie died. During Franco-Prussian War The Croisset estate was occupied by the Germans. Critics viewed his novels with some suspicion. Both the plots and the language of his novels caused rejection. So the publication of Flaubert’s novels did not bring commercial success. And maintaining the estate required more and more money, but income did not increase.

Flaubert died at his Croisset estate on May 8, 1880. No one denied his influence on the development of the French novel by that time. And since French literature at the end of the 19th century was exemplary for all writers of the enlightened community, it can be said without exaggeration: the work of Gustave Flaubert influenced all world literature. Including Russian. One way or another, Leo Tolstoy wrote with an eye on the French. And “Anna Karenina” is, in a sense, a Russian version of the story of Madame Bovary, a bad woman who chased the so-called “love”.

The influence of French literature on Soviet literature is even stronger and not at all beneficial. The fact is that the Union of Soviet Writers was created by people for whom Flaubert, Maupassant, Zola were stars of the first magnitude. And, having begun to lead the Union, they, willingly or unwillingly, shoved the seething literature of the Soviet 1920s into the already established and therefore boring frame of realism, cobbled together by the great French novelists. At the same time, they understood realism quite differently from the great French. Therefore, this frame was significantly narrowed, wrapped in red and called socialist realism. And since the leadership of the Union was united, and food came from the same hands, practically none of the writers who declared themselves Soviet could resist the pressure. The more talented ones sculpted epics about modern life as best they could, inlaid them with pearls and diamonds to the best of their talent and nonconformity. The untalented also achieved some success in writing according to the rules of the greats. They were published in mass quantities, but it was difficult to read this brew. Masochists can revere Babaevsky, and suicides can revere M. Bubenov. Some of the sovpis already in the 1970s brought to life what they gossiped about A. Dumas the Father a hundred years before. Huge “opupeias” like “The Eternal Call” were written by “literary slaves.” And how multinational Soviet literature was created is a separate cry.

However, Gustave Flaubert is not at all to blame for these “excesses on the ground.”

fr. Gustave Flaubert

French realist prose writer, considered one of the greatest European writers of the 19th century

short biography

The famous French novelist, one of the creators of the modern novel genre, was a native of the city of Rouen, where he was born on December 12, 1821. His father was a famous doctor, his mother was a representative of an old Norman family. During 1823-1840. Gustave was a student at the city's Royal College. He did not excel in his studies, but already in those years his great love for literature and passion for history became evident.

In 1840, Flaubert became a law student at the Paris Sorbonne. In 1743 he was diagnosed with the disease nervous system, reminiscent of epilepsy and requiring a decrease in motor activity. The illness forced him to stop studying at the university in 1844. When his father died in 1846, Gustave moved to the Croisset estate near Rouen to live with his mother, and his entire subsequent biography was connected with this place. Flaubert led a secluded life and left here for relatively long periods of time only twice in his life, and in both cases his companion was Maxime Ducamp, his best friend.

The inheritance they inherited from their father allowed him and his mother not to think about their daily bread; Flaubert could completely devote himself to literary work. His first stories - “Memoirs of a Madman” (1838), “November” (1842) - were written in the spirit of French romanticism, but already in the first edition of the novel “Education of Sentiments” (1843 -1845, remained unpublished) a transition to realistic positions was noticeable.

In 1848-1851, the period after the defeat of the revolution, Flaubert, for ideological reasons, did not participate in public life, The Paris Commune was not understood and accepted by him. He lived in a completely different world, adhering to the concept of isolation and elitism of literature.

In 1856, a work was published that became a masterpiece of world literature and a new stage in the development of the modern novel - “Madame Bovary. Provincial morals." The novel appeared on the pages of the Revue de Paris magazine with editorial notes, however, even this did not save the book from being accused of immorality and its author being brought to trial. After the acquittal, the novel was released in its entirety in 1857 as a separate edition.

In 1858, Flaubert undertook a trip to Tunisia and Algeria, where he collected factual material for his second novel, Salammbô (published in 1862). In 1863, the third novel, “Education of Sentiments,” was published; in 1874, “The Temptation of St. Anthony,” a dramatic poem in prose with philosophical content, was published. The crowning achievement of Flaubert’s creative biography was “Three Stories” published in 1877 and the remaining unfinished novel “Bouvard and Pécuchet.”

Flaubert's last ten years were unhappy: illness deprived him of strength and optimism, the estate was occupied by an alien army during the Franco-Prussian War, his mother died and good friend Bouyer, the friendship with Maxime Dukan was interrupted. Finally, he experienced financial difficulties, because... He donated most of his fortune to less wealthy relatives, and the publication of books did not bring in much money: critics did not favor his works. However, Flaubert was not completely alone; he was friends with George Sand, was the mentor of Guy de Maupassant, and his niece took care of him. The writer's body was severely exhausted, and he died on May 8, 1880 from a stroke.

Flaubert's work had a significant influence not only on national but also world literature. In addition, thanks to his mentorship, a number of talented writers came to literature.

Biography from Wikipedia

Gustave Flaubert(French Gustave Flaubert; December 12, 1821, Rouen - May 8, 1880, Croisset) - French realist prose writer, considered one of the largest European writers of the 19th century. He worked a lot on the style of his works, putting forward the theory of the “exact word” ( le mot juste). He is best known as the author of the novel Madame Bovary (1856).

Gustave Flaubert was born on December 12, 1821 in the city of Rouen into a petty bourgeois family. His father was a surgeon at the Rouen hospital, and his mother was the daughter of a doctor. He was the youngest child in the family. In addition to Gustave, the family had two children: an older sister and a brother. Two other children did not survive. The writer spent his childhood joylessly in dark apartment doctor

From 1832 he studied at the Royal College and Lyceum in Rouen, where he and a friend (Ernest Chevalier) organized the handwritten magazine “Art and Progress” in 1834. His first public text appeared in this magazine.

In 1836 he met Eliza Schlesinger, who had a profound influence on the writer. He carried his silent, unrequited passion throughout his life and depicted it in the novel “An Education of Sentiments.”

The writer's youth is connected with the provincial cities of France, which he repeatedly described in his work. In 1840, Flaubert entered the Faculty of Law in Paris. There he led a bohemian life, met many famous people, wrote a lot. He dropped out of school in 1843 after his first epileptic seizure. In 1844, the writer settled on the banks of the Seine, near Rouen. Flaubert's lifestyle was characterized by isolation and a desire for self-isolation. He tried to devote his time and energy to literary creativity.

In 1846, his father died, and some time later his sister. His father left him a substantial inheritance on which he could live comfortably.

Flaubert returned to Paris in 1848 to take part in the Revolution. From 1848 to 1852 he traveled to the East. He visited Egypt and Jerusalem, via Constantinople and Italy. He recorded his impressions and used them in his works.

Since 1855, in Paris, Flaubert visited many writers, including the Goncourt brothers, Baudelaire, and also met with Turgenev.

In July 1869 he was greatly shocked by the death of his friend Louis Bouyer. There is information that Flaubert had a love affair with Guy de Maupassant's mother, which is why they had friendly relations.

During the occupation of France by Prussia, Flaubert, along with his mother and niece, hid in Rouen. His mother died in 1872 and at that time the writer already began to have problems with money. Health problems also begin. He sells his property and leaves his apartment in Paris. He publishes his works one after another.

Last years The writer's life was marred by financial problems, health problems and betrayal by friends.

Gustave Flaubert died on May 8, 1880 as a result of a stroke. Many writers attended the funeral, including Emile Zola, Alphonse Daudet, Edmond Goncourt and others.

Creation

In 1849, he completed the first edition of The Temptation of St. Anthony, a philosophical drama on which he subsequently worked all his life. In terms of worldview, it is imbued with ideas of disappointment in the possibilities of knowledge, which is illustrated by the clash of different religious movements and corresponding doctrines.

First edition of the novel Madame Bovary, 1857. Title

Flaubert became famous due to the publication in the magazine of the novel Madame Bovary (1856), work on which began in the fall of 1851. The writer tried to make his novel realistic and psychological. Soon after, Flaubert and the editor of the Revue de Paris magazine were prosecuted for “outrage of morality.” The novel turned out to be one of the most important harbingers of literary naturalism, but it clearly expressed the author’s skepticism in relation not only to modern society, but also to man in general. As B.A. Kuzmin noted,

in his work itself, Flaubert seems to be ashamed to show his sympathy for people who are not worth this sympathy, and at the same time considers it beneath his dignity to show his hatred for them. As the resultant of this potential love and very real hatred of people, Flaubert’s pose of dispassion arises.

Some formal features of the novel noted by literary scholars are a very long exposition and the absence of a traditional positive hero. The transfer of action to the province (with its sharply negative portrayal) puts Flaubert among the writers in whose work the anti-provincial theme was one of the main ones.

Gaston Bussiere. Salammbo. 1907

The acquittal allowed the novel to be published as a separate edition (1857). The preparatory period of work on the novel "Salambo" required a trip to the East and North Africa. So the novel appeared in 1862. This is a historical novel that tells the story of the revolt in Carthage in the third century BC. e.

Two years later, in September 1864, Flaubert completed work on final version novel "Education of Sentiments". The third novel, Sentimental Education (1869), was full of social problems. In particular, the novel describes the European events of 1848. The novel also includes the author’s own life events, such as his first love. The novel received a cold reception and only a few hundred copies were printed.

In 1877, he published in magazines the stories “A Simple Heart”, “Herodias” and “The Legend of St. Julian the Merciful”, written in between work on last novel“Bouvard and Pécuchet,” which remained unfinished, although we can judge its ending from the surviving author’s sketches, which are quite detailed.

From 1877 to 1880 he edited the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet. This is a satirical work that was published after the writer's death in 1881.

A brilliant stylist who carefully honed the style of his works, Flaubert had a huge influence on all subsequent literature, bringing to it a number of talented authors, among whom were Guy de Maupassant and Edmond Abou.

Flaubert's works were well known in Russia, and Russian criticism wrote sympathetically about them. His works were translated by I. S. Turgenev, who had a close friendship with Flaubert; M. P. Mussorgsky created an opera based on “Salambo”.

Major works

Gustave Flaubert, a contemporary of Charles Baudelaire, occupies a leading role in 19th-century literature. He was accused of immorality and admired, but today he is recognized as one of the leading writers. He became famous for his novels Madame Bovary and Sentimental Education. His style combines elements of both psychologism and naturalism. Flaubert himself considered himself a realist.

Gustave Flaubert began working on the novel Madame Bovary in 1851 and worked for five years. The novel was published in the magazine Revue de Paris. The style of the novel is similar to the works of Balzac. The plot tells the story of a young man named Charles Bovary, who recently completed his studies at a provincial lyceum and received a position as a doctor in a small settlement. He marries a young girl, the daughter of a rich farmer. But the girl dreams of beautiful life, she reproaches her husband for his inability to provide such a life and takes a lover.

The novel "Salammbô" was published after the novel "Madame Bovary". Flaubert began working on it in 1857. He spent three months in Tunisia studying historical sources. When it appeared in 1862, it was received with great enthusiasm. The novel begins with the mercenaries celebrating victory in the war in the gardens of their general. Angry at the general's absence and remembering their grievances, they destroy his property. Salammbo, the general's daughter, comes to calm the soldiers. Two mercenary leaders fall in love with this girl. The freed slave advises one of them to conquer Carthage in order to get the girl.

Work on the novel “Education of Sentiments” began in September 1864 and ended in 1869. The work is autobiographical. The novel tells the story of a young provincial who goes to study in Paris. There he learns friendship, art, politics and cannot make a choice between a monarchy, a republic and an empire. Many women appear in his life, but none of them are comparable to Marie Arnoux, the merchant's wife, who was his first love.

The idea for the novel “Bouvard and Pécuchet” appeared in 1872. The author wanted to write about the vanity of his contemporaries. Later he tried to understand human nature itself. The novel tells how, on a hot summer day, two men, Bouvard and Pécuchet, meet by chance and become acquainted. Later it turns out that they have the same profession (copier) and even common interests. If they could, they would live outside the city. But, having received an inheritance, they still buy a farm and engage in agriculture. Later, their inability to do this work becomes clear. They try themselves in the field of medicine, chemistry, geology, politics, but with the same result. Thus, they return to their profession as copyists.

Essays

“Memoirs of a Madman” / fr. Mémoires d'un fou, 1838
"November" / fr. November, 1842
"Madame Bovary. Provincial morals" / fr. Madame Bovary, 1857
"Salambo" / fr. Salammbô, 1862
“Education of feelings” / fr. L'Éducation sentimentale, 1869
"The Temptation of Saint Anthony" / fr. La Tentation de saint Antoine, 1874
“Three stories” / fr. Trois contes, 1877
"Bouvard and Pécuchet", 1881

Film adaptations

Madame Bovary, (dir. Jean Renoir), France, 1933
Madame Bovary (dir. Vincente Minnelli), 1949
Education of the Senses (dir. Marcel Cravennes), France, 1973
Save and Preserve (dir. Alexander Sokurov), USSR, 1989
Madame Bovary (dir. Claude Chabrol), France, 1991
Madame Maya (Maya Memsaab), (dir. Ketan Mehta), 1992, (based on the novel “Madame Bovary”)
Madame Bovary (dir. Tim Fivell), 2000
Night after night / All the nights (Toutes les nuits), (dir. Eugene Green), (based on), 2001
A simple soul (Un coeur simple), (dir. Marion Lane), 2008
Madame Bovary (dir. Sophie Barthez), 2014

Music

opera "Madame Bovary" / Madame Bovary (1955, Naples), composer Guido Pannain.

Gustave Flaubert (French Gustave Flaubert). Born December 12, 1821 in Rouen - died May 8, 1880 in Croisset. French realist prose writer, considered one of the greatest European writers of the 19th century. He worked a lot on the style of his works, putting forward the theory of the “exact word” (le mot juste). He is best known as the author of the novel Madame Bovary (1856).

The writer studied at the Royal College and Lycée in Rouen, starting in 1832. There he met Ernest Chevalier, with whom he founded the publication Art and Progress in 1834. In this publication he published his first public text for the first time.

In 1836 he met Eliza Schlesinger, who had a profound influence on the writer. He carried his silent passion throughout his life and depicted it in the novel “An Education of Sentiments.”

The writer's youth is connected with the provincial cities of France, which he repeatedly described in his work. In 1840, Flaubert entered the Faculty of Law in Paris. There he led a bohemian life, met many famous people, and wrote a lot. He dropped out of school in 1843 after his first epileptic stroke. In 1844, the writer settled on the banks of the Seine, near Rouen. Flaubert's lifestyle was characterized by isolation and a desire for self-isolation. He tried to devote his time and energy to literary creativity.

In 1846, his father died, and some time later his sister. His father left him a substantial inheritance on which he could live comfortably.

Since 1855, in Paris, Flaubert visited many writers, including the Goncourt brothers, Baudelaire, and also met with.

In July 1869 he was greatly shocked by the death of his friend Louis Boulet. There is information that Flaubert had love affairs with his mother, which is why they had friendly relations.

The last years of the writer's life were marred by financial problems, health problems and betrayal by friends.

Gustave Flaubert died on May 8, 1880 as a result of a stroke. Many writers were present at the funeral, including Alphonse Daudet, Edmond Goncourt and others.

Flaubert's works:

“Memoirs of a Madman” / fr. Mémoires d'un fou, 1838
"November" / fr. November, 1842
"Education of the Senses", 1843-1845
"Madame Bovary. Provincial morals" / fr. Madame Bovary, 1857
"Salambo" / fr. Salammbô, 1862
“Education of feelings” / fr. L'Éducation sentimentale, 1869
"The Temptation of Saint Anthony" / fr. La Tentation de saint Antoine, 1874
“Three stories” / fr. Trois contes, 1877
"Bouvard and Pécuchet", 1881

Film adaptations of Flaubert:

Madame Bovary, (dir. Jean Renoir), France, 1933
Madame Bovary (dir. Vincente Minnelli), 1949
Education of the Senses (dir. Marcel Cravennes), France, 1973
Save and Preserve (dir. A. Sokurov), USSR, 1989
Madame Bovary (dir. Claude Chabrol), France, 1991
Madame Maya (Maya Memsaab), (dir. Ketan Mehta), 1992, (based on the novel "Madame Bovary")
Madame Bovary (dir. Tim Fivell), 2000
Night after night / All the nights (Toutes les nuits), (dir. Eugene Green), (based on), 2001
A simple soul (Un coeur simple), (dir. Marion Lane), 2008
Madame Bovary (dir. Sophie Barthez), 2014

Gustave Flaubert(fr. Gustave Flaubert) - French realist prose writer, considered one of the greatest European writers of the 19th century. He worked a lot on the style of his works, putting forward the theory of the “exact word” ( le mot juste). He is best known as the author of the novel Madame Bovary (1856).

Born on December 12, 1821 in Rouen into a petty bourgeois family. His father was a surgeon at the Rouen hospital, and his mother was the daughter of a doctor. He was youngest child in family. In addition to Gustave, the family had two children: an older sister and a brother. Two other children did not survive. The writer spent his childhood joylessly in the dark apartment of a doctor.

In 1836 he met Eliza Schlesinger, who had a profound influence on the writer. He carried his silent passion throughout his life and depicted it in the novel “An Education of Sentiments.”

The writer's youth is connected with the provincial cities of France, which he repeatedly described in his work. In 1840, Flaubert entered the Faculty of Law in Paris. There he led a bohemian life, met many famous people, and wrote a lot. He dropped out of school in 1843 after his first epileptic stroke. In 1844, the writer settled on the banks of the Seine, near Rouen. Flaubert's lifestyle was characterized by isolation and a desire for self-isolation. He tried to devote his time and energy to literary creativity.

In 1846, his father died, and some time later his sister. His father left him a substantial inheritance on which he could live comfortably.

Since 1855 in Paris, Flaubert visits many writers, such as the Goncourt brothers, Baudelaire and meets Turgenev.

In July 1869 he was greatly shocked by the death of his friend Louis Boulet. There is information that Flaubert had a love affair with Guy de Maupassant's mother, which is why they had friendly relations.

The last years of the writer's life, marred by financial problems, health problems and betrayal of friends.

Gustave Flaubert died on May 8, 1880 as a result of a stroke. Many writers attended the funeral, including Emile Zola, Alphonse Daudet, Edmond Goncourt and others.

Creation

First edition of the novel Madame Bovary, 1857. Title

Flaubert became famous due to the publication in a magazine of the novel “Madame Bovary” (1856), work on which began in the fall of 1851. The writer tried to make his novel realistic and psychological. Soon after, Flaubert and the editor of the Revue de Paris magazine were prosecuted for “outrage of morality.” The novel turned out to be one of the most important harbingers of literary naturalism, but it clearly expresses the author’s skepticism in relation not only to modern society, but also to man in general. As B.A. Kuzmin noted,

in his work itself, Flaubert seems to be ashamed to show his sympathy for people who are not worthy of this sympathy, and at the same time considers it beneath his dignity to show his hatred for them. As the resultant of this potential love and very real hatred of people, Flaubert's pose of dispassion arises.

Gaston Bussiere. Salammbo. 1907

The acquittal allowed the novel to be published as a separate edition (1857). The preparatory period of work on the novel “Salambo” required a trip to the East and North Africa. So the novel appeared in 1862. This is a historical novel that tells the story of the revolt in Carthage in the third century BC.

Salammbo. Alphonse Mucha (1896)

Two years later, in September 1864, Flaubert completed work on the final version of the novel Sentimental Education. The third novel, “Education of Sentiments” (1869), was full of social problems. In particular, the novel describes the European events of 1848. The novel also includes the author’s own life events, such as his first love. The novel received a cold reception and only a few hundred copies were printed.

In 1877, he published in magazines the stories “A Simple Heart”, “Herodias” and “The Legend of Saint Julian the Merciful”, written in between work on the last novel “Bouvard and Pécuchet”, which remained unfinished, although we can judge its ending from the surviving author's sketches, quite detailed.

From 1877 to 1880 he edited the novel Bouvard and Pécuchet. This is a satirical work that was published after the writer's death in 1881.

Major works

Gustave Flaubert, a contemporary of Charles Baudelaire, occupies a leading role in 19th-century literature. He was credited with immorality and admired, and today he is one of the leading writers. He became famous for his novels Madame Bovary and Sentimental Education. His style combines elements of psychologism and naturalism. He considered himself a realist.

Gustave Flaubert began working on the novel Madame Bovary in 1851 and worked for five years. The novel was published in the magazine Revue de Paris. The style of the novel is similar to the style in Balzac's novels. The plot of the novel tells about Charles Bovary, who completed his studies at a provincial lyceum. So, he gets a position as a doctor in a small settlement. He marries a young girl, the daughter of a rich farmer. But the girl dreams of a beautiful life, she reproaches her husband for his inability to provide such a life and takes a lover.

The novel "Salammbô" was published after the novel "Madame Bovary". Flaubert began working on it in 1857. He spent three months in Tunisia studying historical sources. When it appeared in 1862 it was received with great enthusiasm. The novel begins with the mercenaries celebrating victory in the war in the gardens of their general. Angry at the general's absence and remembering their grievances, they destroy his property. Salammbo, the general's daughter, comes to calm the soldiers. Two mercenary leaders fall in love with this girl. The freed slave advises one of them to conquer Carthage in order to get the girl.

Work on the novel “Education of Sentiments” began in September 1864 and ended in 1869. It consists of autobiographical elements of the writer. The novel tells the story of a young provincial who goes to study in Paris. There he learns friendship, art, politics and cannot decide in his views between the monarchy, the republic and the empire. Many women appear in his life, but all of them are incomparable to Marie Arnoux, the merchant's wife, who was his first love.

The idea for the novel “Bouvard and Pécuchet” appeared in 1872. The author wanted to write about the vanity of his contemporaries. Later he tried to understand human nature itself. The novel tells how the roast summer day two men, Bouvard and Pécuchet, meet by chance and become acquainted. Later it turns out that they have the same profession (copier), and even common interests. If they could, they would live outside the city. But, having received an inheritance, they still buy a farm and engage in agriculture. Later, their inability to do this work becomes clear. They try themselves in the field of medicine, chemistry, geology, politics, but with the same result. Thus, they return to their profession as copyists.