Like participial phrases, participial phrases are the property of book speech. Their undoubted advantage over the synonymous adverbial clauses of a complex sentence is brevity and dynamism. Wed: When the dog sensed the beast, it rushed to follow its trail. “Sensing the beast, the dog rushed to follow its trail.

IN At the same time, it should be borne in mind that by using an adverbial construction instead of an adverbial subordinate clause, we introduce some semantic changes into the sentence, in particular, we lose the shades of meaning inherent in subordinating conjunctions. So, subordinate clauses when he read the letter – after he read the letter – as soon as he read the letter – as soon as he read the letter have various shades, but are replaced by the same parallel syntactic construction - after reading the letter. In these cases, the loss of the conjunction should be compensated for by lexical means: Having read the letter, he immediately (immediately, immediately) ...

The loss of the union is even more noticeable when the subordinate clauses of reason, condition, concession are replaced by the adverbial phrase: Having stayed in sa natorium an extra month , he has noticeably improved his health(after I stayed or because I stayed?); Feeling bad , he didn't apply anywhere else(because I felt bad or although I felt bad?). And in this case, when using an adverbial phrase, the statement should be clarified using lexical means: Feeling bad, he That's why (still etc.) I didn’t apply anywhere else.

2. Some combinations can also be synonymous with adverbial constructions. For example, sat with his arms crossed on his chest may have as its equivalent a construction with a passive participle and a noun in the instrumental case with a preposition: sat with his arms crossed over his chest. Instead of lay wrapped in a warm blanket you can say: lay wrapped in a warm blanket(with the replacement of the gerund participle by the participle). Wed: At night I lay in the cart,covered with an overcoat, throwing his arms above his head (Sh.). – At night I lay in the cart,covered with an overcoat , with arms thrown above head (replacement of both participial phrases with synonymous constructions).

Considering that gerunds often also act as a secondary predicate, we can talk about the parallelism of the following constructions:

gerund = conjugated form of a verb: entering room, stopped = entered into the room and stopped;

adverbial phrase = adverbial clause of a complex sentence: reading a book, I doextracts = when I read a book, I make extracts; was in a hurry afraid to be late = was in a hurrybecause I was afraid of being late; having free time, there's a lot you can do = if you have free time, there's a lot you can do; seeing the danger still bold walked forward = although they saw the danger, nevertheless they boldly walked forward;

gerund = prepositional-nominal combination:hopingfor success =in hopefor success;anticipatingsomething bad =in anticipationsomething unkind; flying,spread outwings = flywith them spread outwings;

adverbial phrase = participle phrase: arrived xo well prepared for exams = arrivedwell prepared for exams.

3. When using an adverbial phrase, it is necessary to remember that, as a rule, the action it denotes indicates the action of the subject. Therefore the sentence is constructed incorrectly: Jumping off the tram, my galosh came off- here we are talking about the actions of two objects in the grammatical meaning of the word - about me (I jumped) and about the galosh (she flew off). It is easy to verify the incorrectness of the construction by rearranging the adverbial phrase, which is usually freely located in the sentence ( My galosh fell off after jumping off the tram's footboard).

Deviations from this norm found among classical writers are either Gallicisms or the result of the influence of the popular language: ... Having the right to choose a weapon, his life was in my hands (P.); Passing a familiar birch grove on the way back for the first time in spring, my head began to spin and my heart began to beat with vague sweet anticipation (T.).

The use of phrases with words does not violate the rules based on, not related to the subject, since it may not form an adverbial construction: The calculation is being madebased on average production rates .

Archaic is the direct combination of an adverbial phrase with a subject that arose under the influence of the popular language (the inclusion of the subject in the composition of the phrase): On spruce crowhaving perched herself, she was just about ready to have breakfast(Kr.); Arriving he is a straight poet, he went to wander with his lorgnette alone over the sea(P.); But slavish fidelity Shibanovkeeping it, he gives his horse to the governor(A.K.T.).

In a number of cases, the participial phrase does not express the action of the subject, and at the same time stylistic norms are not violated. Thus, an adverbial phrase can refer to an infinitive denoting the action of another person: His house was always full of guests, readyamusehis lordly idleness, sharing his noisy and sometimes violent amusements (P.).

The participle phrase is found in participial or adverbial forms denoting an action, the subject of which coincides or does not coincide with the subject of the action expressed by the predicate: She did not answer him, thoughtfully watching the play of the waves,running upashore, rocking heavy longboat (M. G.); But Klim saw that Lidalisteningfather's storiespursing my lips doesn't believe them(M.G.).

In an impersonal sentence, it is possible to use an adverbial phrase with the infinitive: When editing a manuscript, you need considernot only the content of the work, but also its general stylistic orientation; Summing up the work for the year , can be notedundoubted progress in solving a number of complex problems; It would be good nowreapundressed, covering one's head with an overcoat , and think about the village and about their(Cupr.). In these cases, the sentence has neither a grammatical nor a logical subject. If the logical subject is represented by the form of the indirect case, but there is no infinitive to which the participial phrase could relate (Returning home, I felt sad), then the sentence is constructed incorrectly. In the modern Russian literary language one no longer finds sentences similar to the following: ... Convinced that he cannot understand this. he got bored(L. T.); After reading the story carefully, I think, that there are no editorial corrections in it(M.G.).

It is allowed to use the adverbial phrase in the short form of the adjective: Varvara Vasilievna wasrights, offended by his long silence upon arrival in Pe Terburg (Chern).

But the adverbial phrase should not be classified as a passive participle, i.e., use it in a passive construction (Having run away from home, the boy was soon found by his parents), since in this case the subject of the action expressed by the predicate and the subject of the action indicated by the gerund do not coincide. Sentences found in fiction with an adverbial turn with a passive participle are usually characterized by the fact that the subject in them is not the object of the action indicated by the participle: The next day, early in the morning, the Foolovites wereamazed, hearing the rhythmic ringing of a bell, calling residents to matins(S.-Sch.). Wed, however: After walking through several rooms, I was met by the Count himself, trembling and pale, like a canvas(L.).

It is also undesirable to use the participial phrase in cases where the predicate in a passive construction is expressed by a reflexive verb with a passive meaning: The idea of ​​building a tunnel under the English Channel has been discussed by experts since 1880, without, however, leading to concrete solutions for a long time.

The place of the adverbial phrase in a sentence is relatively free, but depending on its syntactic function and semantic meaning, the phrase either precedes the predicate (preposition) or follows it (postposition).

The adverbial phrase is usually prepositive, denoting an action preceding the action expressed by the predicate: Togyes Kuzma Kuzmich,taking a fresh candle out of his pocket , lit it and sat down next to Dasha(A.T.).

The same position is usually occupied by the adverbial phrase with the meaning of cause or condition, which corresponds to the real state of affairs, since cause and condition always precede the effect: Frightened by an unknown noise , pack hardgot dressedover water(Prim.); However,chatting with you , mushroomov Notyou'll dial(P.). The participle phrase with the meaning of concession also always precedes the predicate: Berestov,pr recognizing some extravagance in his neighbor , however notdeniedit has many excellent advantages(P.).

However, in the conditions of a specific text, deviations from this rule are allowed: Vasily Andreich also drove him away several times, but then againtook, valuing his honesty, love for animals and, most importantly, his cheapness (L.T.); I know- With the sun went dark b, seeing our souls gold placers (M.).

An adverbial phrase with the meaning of an adverbial manner of action usually follows the predicate: Several wounded officerssaton the benchpicking up crutches (L.); Trezorranahead,wagging his tail (BUT.).

The adverbial phrase with the meaning of subsequent action is also postpositive: Chichikovagreedcompletely with this,adding that nothing could be more pleasant than living in solitude(G.); Under Ignatovfellhorse,crushing his leg(L. T.); Somewhere closehitthunder,scaring everyonex (M.G.); The door of the shack suddenly opened, andenteredbig manmomentarily obscuring the stars(Cat).

5. Participles (usually the perfect form with the meaning of a state as the result of a previous action) in the function of adverbial manner of action can be combined as homogeneous members of a sentence with other adverbials that perform the same function: The goose sat in the same position,with mouth agape and wings outstretched (H); The lady was sitting downV armchairsometimes sideways, sometimes with legs crossed (A.T.).

In the function of definition, an adverbial phrase can, together with a definition expressed by an adjective or participle, form a series homogeneous members offers: ...The cook moved along the corridor wall like a shadow,holding a cap in his hand and all white , definitely dead(M.G.); Pechorin,wrapped up V overcoat and hat pulled down over his eyes, tried to get throughTo doors(L.); Stepan Arkadievich,washed , combed and beaming with a smile, walked out his door(L.T.). However, the combination of a gerund and a predicate verb as homogeneous members of a sentence has an outdated character: Cavalry Guardsgalloped , But moreholding horses (L.T.).

Exercise 17. Indicate the features of using adverbial constructions. Find out the possibility of synonymous substitutions.

1. The violet, hiding in the shadows, calls to itself an unknown talent. (Elm.) 2. The coachman, who was sleeping, leaning on his elbow, began to five horses. (Gonch.) 3. “My God,” said the doctor, “do you know who I saw on my way here?” (Hertz.) 4. ...When returning home, it was necessary to ford Podkumok. (L.) 5. After reading this letter, the landowner was in deep amazement. (Adv.) 6 . Under the tree, with his belly up and his fist under his head, a huge man was sleeping. (S.-Sch.) 7. Suddenly, writing most seriously, I see that my handkerchief seems to be moving and suddenly falls to the floor. (Leek.) 8. Having now settled in the village, his dream and ideal was to resurrect the form of life that existed under his grandfather. (L.T.) 9. Accepting a request from us, at least would flared up... like an asp. (Writing) 10. Approaching this station and looking at nature through the window, my hat flew off. (Ch.) 11. But he didn’t seem to notice me, motionless, arms crossed on his chest, surrounded by an invisible cloud of boredom. (M.G.) 12. At noon, while crossing the rails to the station, he was stunned by the unexpected whistle of a steam locomotive. (Cupr.) 13. The cavalrymen had to spur their horses, keeping up with him. (A.T.) 14. The difficult news spread across the shelves, making everyone despondent. (Form.)

Exercise 18. Correct the sentences. Indicate the nature of the stylistic error.

1. The use of these expressions and phrases can be understood through illustrative examples, taking samples as illustrations fiction. 2. Approaching the river, we stopped the horses, jumped to the ground and, quickly undressing, rushed into the water. 3. Previously, the machine was stopped to measure the part, while now, using a special system bracket, the size is determined in one step while the machine is running. 4. Having gone up the Volga, the barge will be unloaded at the piers of Yaroslavl. 5. Science requires such advice that, if applied, would have a great effect in practical work. 6. Having read the manuscript a second time, I think that it needs serious revision. 7. It would be necessary to specifically indicate who exactly improperly organized the construction work, where and when the unfinished construction of the facility was accepted, thereby violating the government regulation. 8. Then Sergeev is appointed head of the motor depot, working in this position for a year and a half. 9. All presentation in the book is made extremely briefly, taking into account the time budget of a practicing doctor.

Exercise 19. Correct the sentences, explain the mistakes.

1. The novel reveals the full depth of social inequality prevailing in society. 2. The task we perform does not cause any particular difficulties. 3. The writer spoke about the changes in the book that he is preparing for republication. 4. Will be shown soon new production, created by the entire theater team. 5. Our regularly published newspaper provides interesting information about the life of the city. 6. Daredevils who attempt to climb to the top of this mountain in winter conditions will pay with their lives. 7. Students who write a weak homework essay will have to redo it. 8. Every student who would like to participate in the work of a scientific society must submit an application to the dean’s office. 9. The lecture given to students on the use of atomic energy aroused great interest. 10. A few days after the quarrel, Dubrovsky caught Troyekurov’s peasants stealing firewood in their forests.

Exercise 20. Replace subordinate attributive clauses with participial phrases; if this cannot be done, indicate the reason for the impossibility of replacement.

1. Chelkash was pleased with his luck, with himself and with this guy, who was so scared of him and turned into his slave. 2. Grushnitsky is one of those people who have ready-made pompous phrases for all occasions. 3. The author had to be present at the scene with the landowner Penochkin, which will remain in his memory for a long time.

School. Traditionally, children study participles as a special part of speech. The participle has the meaning of an additional action with the main action. A gerund implies a combination of signs of action and manner of action. For example, “reading”. To this word you can ask the question “Doing what?”, which, however, from a linguistic point of view will not be entirely correct, or you can ask the question “How?”. These questions illustrate the dual nature of the gerund. Participles can be perfect or imperfect. The first speak about an action taking place at the moment or about one that is to take place in the future. The second ones are about actions that happened in the past (compare: “looking” and “looking”).

Now move on to searching for participial phrases. Participles are called participles with dependent words. The main mistake when searching is usually made precisely in the search for dependent words - those relating to another member of the sentence are taken as an adverbial phrase. To avoid making mistakes, carefully monitor the word from which the question is asked. For example, analyze the sentence: The girl ran along the cobblestone street, humming a song. Find . In this case, the word is “humming.” Now you need to find dependent words. Ask questions: “Humming… what? A song." “Humming... how? Joyfully." This means that the words “song” and “joyfully” will be dependent on the gerund, which means that all together they form a participial phrase. The participial phrase in is a separate circumstance and is always separated by commas on both sides.

Sources:

• When are adverbial phrases not separated by commas?

An adverbial phrase is a syntactic device that gives expressiveness to speech and simplifies it. IN oral speech these designs are rare. But any literate person is obliged to correctly construct sentences with participial phrases, find them in ready-made texts and highlight them in writing and intonation.

Instructions

If you want to express an idea economically when indicating several simultaneously occurring actions, use simple sentences with adverbial phrases. Similar syntactic constructions are usually used in book speech. When communicating, people use synonymous variants: complex sentences with a subordinate clause that has time, manner of action. In works of fiction, gerunds clearly and visibly “complete” the actions of the characters.

Participial phrases have important feature: in writing, the boundaries of this syntactic construction are indicated by commas, in oral speech - by emphasizing intonation. In order to accurately cope with the punctuation task, it is necessary to accurately determine the boundaries of the phrase.

Find words in the sentence that are related to the action. First, pay attention to the predicate -, it contains the main action of the subject. Then turn to indicate an additional action - these will be gerunds. Questions “doing what?” or “having done what?” will help you recognize this part of speech. For example, in the sentence “Having described big circle, the glider smoothly soared into the heights.” The predicate verb is “soared,” and the gerund is “described.”

Pay attention to the participle: it can be used in a sentence “alone” or with dependent words it can form a construction called an adverbial phrase. It is important to clearly establish its boundaries.

Carefully analyze the subordinating relationship of words in the participle: it is not necessary that all those included in it will depend only on the participle; they can extend each other. Consider this example: “The wind grew stronger, shrouding the city in a shroud of sea mists.” The gerund "wrapping" has dependent words: (what?) "city" and (what?) "with a veil." Further along the chain, a connection is established: through a “veil” of (what?) “fogs” (what?) “sea”. All these words represent adverbial verbs.

Constituting a syntactic unity, the participial phrase is one member of the sentence - a circumstance (usually time or manner of action). In addition to the basic questions, you can ask him questions “when?” or “how?”, “in what way?”.

When defining adverbial phrases in sentences, do not forget that phraseological phrases are very close to them in structure (“up your nose”, “headlong”, “reluctantly”). But such stable combinations have no relation to additional action and are not distinguished by commas in writing. They denote an action and can be replaced by other words (usually adverbs). For example, in the sentence “They worked tirelessly,” you can replace it with: “Friends worked hard.”

Sentences with several adverbial phrases require special attention. Clear boundaries will help you apply punctuation rules correctly. Participial phrases can represent series of homogeneous members in a sentence, therefore a comma is not placed between them if there are non-repeating conjunctions “and”, “or”, “or”. (“The lovers sat for a long time, holding hands and silently thinking about future happiness”).

There are non-isolated adverbial phrases. Constructions not separated by commas are either closely connected in content with the predicate, or are part of the subordinate part of a complex sentence, where the means of communication “which” is a word included in the structure of the phrase.

Sources:

• Russian language. 8th grade. Textbook for educational institutions, Barkhudarov S.G., Kryuchkov S.E., 2011
• Special circumstances

The Russian language is famous for the richness of its structure, which is created through the use of many constructions that require compliance with special rules. One of these constructions is the participial phrase.

A participial phrase is a construction formed on the basis of a gerund.

Participle

A gerund is a special part of speech formed on the basis of a verb. It denotes the so-called additional action, that is, one that complements the main action performed by the subject. You can identify a gerund by finding out what part of speech it is. If it is a gerund, these will be the questions “Doing what?” for the present tense and “Having done what?” - for the past.

Most often, gerunds denoting an additional action are found in a sentence in close proximity to the verb that it explains. For example, the following sentence is constructed in this way: “He told me about it, laughing.” In this case, “laughing” - which answers the question “Doing what?” In writing it is usually separated by commas.

Participial phrase

If a gerund is a separate word, then a participle is a construction formed on the basis of a gerund supplemented with dependent words. In general, its functions and characteristics are similar to the gerund itself: it also answers the questions “Doing what?” and “Having done what?” and denotes an additional action that specifies the method of performing the main action. In meaning, the adverbial phrase is an extended participle: for example, such a phrase can be used in the sentence “He told me about it, laughing loudly and contagiously.”

At the same time, when using participial phrases in Russian, there are a number of rules that should be remembered in order to use this construction correctly. The first of them is related to punctuation when using participial phrases: in writing, in most cases it is highlighted with commas.

When constructing an adverbial phrase, it is worth remembering common mistakes when using it, which must be avoided. So, one of them is the situation when the main verb and the adverbial phrase that complements it refer to different subjects. An example of such incorrect use of a phrase is the sentence “This story was told to me with loud and contagious laughter.” In this case, the main verb in the sentence refers to the story being told, and the adverbial phrase refers to the narrator: thus, they do not refer to the same person or thing, which is mandatory requirement to use this design.

Sources:

• Participial turnover in 2019

As many people know, the participial phrase has the meaning of an additional predicate, therefore it is isolated and separated by commas. This usually does not cause difficulties for students. However, there are cases when the participial phrase does not need to be isolated. We will now consider these cases in more detail.

1. Participial phrase(most often this is a turn with the meaning of an adverbial manner of action) does not denote an additional action, but on the contrary, being closely connected with the predicate, it itself becomes the semantic center of the statement. In this case, it cannot be removed or moved without distorting or losing the meaning of the sentence.

He stood with his neck slightly craned, sad and thoughtful(the main thing is that he didn’t just stand, but stood with his neck slightly stretched).

She usually read with her head bowed and the tip of her tongue sticking out.(the point is how she read, not what she read at all).

This exercise must be done while sitting on the floor.(the point is exactly how this exercise is performed).

2. The participial phrase is a phraseological unit.

The boy hurried headlong to call the rescuers for help.

The printer worked tirelessly.

After receiving the news, the girl spent the night without closing her eyes.

Here are some of these phraseological units: carelessly, barely taking a breath, scream without taking a breath, rush with your tongue hanging out, lie staring at the ceiling, sit with bated breath, work with your sleeves rolled up, rush around without remembering yourself, listen with your ears hanging open, etc.

Some adverbial phraseological combinations act as introductory ones, then they are isolated.

To be honest, the exercise could have been done much better.

Apparently, you can already hit the road.

3. When there is an intensifying particle I before the participial phrase.

It was possible to report this without starting to quarrel.

A humble person remains humble even after defeating a strong enemy.

You can go home without waiting for the exam result.

4. If the participial phrase is broken by the word included in subordinate clause or as part of simple sentence. This usually applies to subordinate clauses with a conjunctive word which. Also, similar cases can be found in some poetic texts.

There was a door to the left, through which it was possible to get into the dressing room.

Jim Jarmusch's new film was released yesterday, and after watching it it is not difficult to understand his creative growth.

Raven, perched on the spruce tree, was just about ready to have breakfast, but became thoughtful... (I. A. Krylov).

But Shibanov, keeping his slavish loyalty, gives his horse to the governor (A.K. Tolstoy).

5. A gerund may lose its verbal meaning, then it is not separated by commas. Usually in such cases it can be omitted without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

The post office is located not far from Vosstaniya Square.

Universities have been accepting applicants under new rules since the end of last year

You can start the task starting tomorrow(the word starting can be omitted, the structure and meaning of the sentence will not change).

However, if the turn with the word starting is not associated with the concept of time or serves to clarify, clarify, then it is isolated.

Everything seemed suspicious to us, starting with his intonation

Captain since Crimean War, participated in all military operations except Japanese(the word starting cannot be omitted, the structure and meaning of the sentence will change).

Revolutions based on And depending on in most cases they are not included in the participial construction and are not isolated.

The task is compiled based on your wishes.

We will act according to the circumstances.

6. The participial phrase appears together with the usual non-isolated circumstance and they are homogeneous. In this case, the participial phrase is not separated by commas.

We will teach you how to solve examples and problems with ease and without resorting to reference books.

The boy ran quickly and without looking back.

The second lieutenant answered inwithout embarrassment.

However, in this case, isolation is possible if the author wants to put a semantic emphasis or give a related explanation.

A little guilty and sobbing, mother psaid goodbye to Alyosha.

In the dark sky, tired and not sparkling, yellow droplets of stars appeared (M. Gorky).

As you can see, not everything is simple with punctuation marks when participial phrase, but we hope our explanations helped you. If something remains not entirely clear, you will always find help from our tutors!

Good luck to you and a beautiful, competent, understandable Russian language!

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In the Russian language, speech structures can be enriched with participial and participial phrases. This article discusses the features and rules for using each type of phrase, and provides examples of their proper use in speech.

Communion and gerunds in Russian- This special forms verb (some authors have independent parts of speech), which, together with dependent words, form special syntactic constructions: participial and participial phrases.

• Participial phrase, like a single participle, denotes a sign of action, answers questions Which? What? What do you do? What did he do? and in a sentence refers to the word being defined. Syntactic role – a separate or non-separate definition.

  Examples of sentences with participial phrases: Sitting by the window the boy put the book aside and looked at his mother (the boy (which one? what was he doing?) sitting by the window). Furniture, brought from the dacha, we placed in the corridor (furniture (what?) brought from the dacha).

• Participial phrase indicates an additional action, answers questions Doing what? What did you do? and in a sentence refers to the predicate verb. Performs the syntactic role of a separate adverbial adverb.

  Examples of using participial phrases: While doing the exercise, the student noticed a typo in the textbook (noticed (doing what?) doing the exercise). Having cooked dinner, Katya decided to rest a little (decided to rest (having done what?) by preparing dinner).

Pay attention! When forming a participial phrase, the main word of the construction can only be a participle, and a participial phrase can only be a gerund.

Isolation of participial phrases

In a sentence, the isolation (set off with commas) of the participial phrase in the sentence depends on its position in relation to the word being defined:

• Before the word being defined, the participial phrase is not isolated.

  Examples: Dima raised fallen from a hanger hat. The student redrawn given in the textbook diagram.

• After the word being defined, the participial phrase is highlighted with commas on both sides.

  Examples: Janitor, swept away the leaves all morning, left for lunch. Painting, drawn in Art Nouveau style, hung over the sofa.

Also, the participial phrase is isolated if it refers to a personal pronoun or expresses an adverbial meaning.

Examples: Transferred to another group, they haven’t had time to meet each other yet. Worried about a friend, the man called the hospital every hour (he called (why? what was he doing?) worried about his friend).

Isolation of adverbial phrases

In adverbial phrases, the rule of isolation in sentences is the same - the participial phrase is always separated by commas, regardless of its position in relation to the predicate verb.

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Examples: Frightened by the roar, the kitten hid under the sofa. Grandma made us tea asking about what happened.

The participial phrase is not separated by commas:

• If it is part of a phraseological expression L(people listened to the guest ears hanging down) ;
• If a gerund has turned into an adverb and can be replaced with a synonymous adverb (They walked leisurely (slowly)).
• If the adverbial phrase includes a dependent word which or derivatives (We attended a lecture, after listening to which we began to better understand the subject).

A participial phrase is a participle with dependent words. It is used to add an action that is not the main one, but is also important. The participial phrase always refers to the predicate verb and is emphasized as a circumstance. It turns out that the subject performs both the action of the phrase and the action of the predicate.

Example: Having completed his story, Mikhail immediately sent a letter to the editor.

Mikhail did two things at once: he finished the story and sent the letter. The main action is the second, so the first is transformed into an adverbial form.

Punctuation marks for adverbial verbs

The participial phrase, like the single participle, is separated by a comma. It can appear in any part of a sentence: at the beginning, at the end, and in the middle. This does not change the placement of signs.

• I jumped out of the tree and ran home.
• My father fell silent, looking at me, and sighed heavily.
• Masha perked up when she heard rustling behind her.

Rules for composing sentences with participial phrases

• The participial phrase is used only when it denotes an additional action of the same person as the main verb.

Example: Valentina Stepanovna entered the room, closing the door behind her. (Main action - entered the room, additional action - closed the door)

• You cannot use an adverbial phrase if its action is performed by a person other than the one performing the main action.

Example: Looking at the picture, I liked the jug and the vase.

Important! You can correct the error in such sentences by transforming them.

Example: When looking at the picture, I liked the jug and the vase.

• An adverbial phrase is always separated by a comma, unless it is a phraseological unit.

Example: Andrey worked on the project carelessly.

Examples of participial phrases in fiction

• He did not walk quickly, but big steps, lightly propped up with a long and thin stick. (I.S. Turgenev, “Notes of a Hunter”)
• The dog was dozing, resting his head on his front paws. (M.N. Bulgakov, “Heart of a Dog”)
• Finding nothing, he stood up and took a deep breath. (F.M. Dostoevsky, “Crime and Punishment”)