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The verb in English is king! Everything is around him. He is surrounded by a retinue, which gives himadditional meanings and significance.The Russian sentence sometimes consists of onlyfrom one word. "Chilly". Englishmanwill always add a verb. “It's chilly.” What thea strange translation turns out to be: “It ischilly"?! You get used to it, evenyou find it funny.

There are hot verbs like tour packages. That is, they are used onevery step in living speech. These are the verbs:"Go, have, get." Not only are they considered phrasal(or phrasal). Those. – perform insentence not naked, but with “tails”. ANDthese tails can separate and betightly attached to verbs.For example, my favorite song from Titanic:“My heart will go on!” (My heart willkeep fighting!) Here “go on” andconveys the meaning of “to continue.” So maybetell the teacher if he likes yoursbrilliant English retelling.These three verbs are also irregular, withcharacter. That is, in past tenseswill have their own special shape.They are also called "causal". Becausethat they motivate action, orallow it to happen.

They are also affectionately called “nesters”, because with its multipleconnections and meanings they weave arounditself a real semantic nest.There are several expressions thatused with these verbsquite often. These phrasesstable. They express activity our classes. They need to be remembered and, of course -“try it on”, as ours doesobstinate verb-king!

Learn the words:

Complete with words from the list:

got shower get up church have goes get

My mum never ___ to bed after 10 p.m.
At weekends I like to stay in bed longer. So I usually ___ at 10-11 a.m.
Have you ___ an e-mail from our boss?
At lunchtime I normally ___ a sandwich at my desk, with one cup of white coffee.
I`ve worked so hard in the garden! I'm going to the bathroom and to have an exhilarant(invigorating) ____ there.
My grandparents are very religious. They go to ___ every Sunday.
- Why are you still in your pants? Hurry up! ___ dressed! – Where are my socks?

Activate!

How long does it take you to get home from the nearest cinema?
How often do you go shopping? Do you like it? What kind of things do you like buying?
Do you like going out with your beloved ones?
What do you prefer: having a bath, or having a shower?
Is it expensive or cheap to get a taxi from your home to the nearest railway station?

In English speech. This is the main verb responsible for indicating movement. It has the following meanings:

go	Go to school, please!	Go to school please!
leave, leave	Her parents went to Spain last Friday.	Her parents left for Spain last Friday.
go, travel	I’d like to go to Austria on winter holiday.	I would like to travel to Austria during the winter holidays.
pass	The toothache has gone.	The toothache is gone.
ply	Buses go every half an hour here.	Buses run here every half hour.
study	When Sue has free time, she goes parachuting.	When Sue has free time, she goes in for parachuting.
become	The milk went sour because it was left on the table.	The milk turned sour (became sour) because it was left on the table.

Grammatical characteristics of the verb to go

This verb belongs to the category irregular verbs. Below are three basic forms, which in the verb to go, just like in other verbs of this group, do not obey the rules in their formation:

theInfinitive(infinitive, initial form)	the Past Simple Tense (past simple tense)	the Past Participle(past participle)
togo	went	gone
I'd like to go home now. / I'd like to go home now.	They went to school by bus. / They went to school by bus.	I'm afraid Mr. Evans isn't here at the moment. He has gone. / I'm afraid Mr. Evans is not here now. He left.

The verb to go is pronounced, which means it cannot be used in forms. In the active voice, the verb to go has the following forms:

	*Simple*	*Continuous*	*Perfect*	*Perfect Continuous*
*Present*	the Present Simple Tense go/ goes My granny goes to church every Sunday. / My grandmother goes to church every Sunday.	the Present Continuous Tense am / is / are going Where are you going? /Where are you going?	the Present Perfect Tense have / has gone Teresa isn't at home now. She has gone to the dentist. / Teresa is not at home now. She went to the dentist.	the Present PerfectContinuousTense have / has been going We have already been going to Paris for three hours. / We've been driving to Paris for three hours already.
*Past*	the P as t Simple Tense Tom went to Mexico last month. / Tom went to Mexico last month.	the Past Continuous Tense was / were going I was going to university when we met. / I was walking to the university when we met.	the Past Perfect Tense had gone When I came to visit Teresa she had already gone to the dentist. / When we came to visit Teresa, she had already gone to the dentist.	the Past PerfectContinuousTense had been going When I saw her she had been going sightseeing for 2 hours. / When I saw her, she had already been sightseeing for 2 hours.
*Future*	the Future Simple Tense We will go home by taxi. / We'll go home by taxi.	the Future Continuous Tense will be going At this time tomorrow I will be going to Edinburgh. / This time tomorrow I will be heading to Edinburgh.	the Future Perfect Tense will have gone I’m afraid, by the time you come we will have gone to the theater. / I'm afraid that by the time you come, we will have already left for the theater.	the Future PerfectContinuousTense will have been going By the time our bus returns we will already have been going shopping for three hours. Don't you think it's enough? / By the time our bus returns, we will have been shopping for three hours. Don't you think that's enough?

Indicating direction with the verb to go (to / to the / no preposition)

The verb to go is very often used to indicate a certain direction. Traditionally in English The preposition to is used to indicate direction. However, sometimes after it you should use definite article(go to the theater / go to the theater), and sometimes not (go to school / go to school). Let's figure out when an article after to is needed and when it is not.

The article the may not be used before the words school, hospital, university, church, prison, bed, work, if these places/institutions are used the performer of the action for its intended purpose. That is, he goes to school to study, to the hospital to get treatment, to church to pray, to bed to sleep, etc. If the performer of the action goes there for some other purpose, then it is used article the. Consider the following examples:

to—	to the
Alison is ten years old. Every day she goes to school. / Alison is ten years old. Every day she goes to school.	Today Alison’s mother wants to speak to her daughter’s teacher. So she has gone to the school to see her. / Today Alison's mother wants to talk to her daughter's teacher. So she went to school to meet her.
When I leave school, I want to go to university. / When I finish school, I want to go to university.	We are sightseeing in Oxford and I’d like to go to the university. I want to take some photos of that building. / We're sightseeing in Oxford and I'd like to go to university. I want to take some photos of this building.
John's mother goes to church* every Sunday. / John's mother goes to church every Sunday.*	We went to the church* to take some photos of that wonderful building. / We went to the church to photograph this wonderful building.*
Jack has broken his arm. He had to go to hospital. / Jack broke his arm. He had to go to the hospital.	Jill has gone to the hospital* to visit Jack. / Jill went to the hospital to see Jack.*
Ken's brother has gone to prison* for robbery. / Ken's brother went to prison for robbery.*	Ken went to the prison* to visit his brother. / Ken went to prison to visit his brother.*

The same rule applies to these nouns even if another verb is used. With other nouns denoting a destination, the article the is used after the preposition to: go to the cinema (go to the cinema), go to the circus (go to the circus), etc.

However, there are also cases when the use of prepositions and articles is completely unnecessary. This includes stable expression to go home (go home):

It's late. Let's go home.

It's already late. Let's go home.

Also, the verb to go is used without a preposition with a gerund, that is, the ing form of the verb, which is discussed in more detail below.

Using the verb to go with a gerund

Quite often the verb to go is found in constructions with a gerund. In part, such constructions can be translated with the basic meaning of the verb to go, for example, to go shopping - “to go shopping,” but since the gerund often expresses a certain activity, a more convenient translation in many cases is the meaning of “to do”:

to go swimming	go swimming	My dad and I go swimming twice a week.	My dad and I go swimming twice a week.
to go sailing	go sailing	I'd like to go sailing in my summer holidays.	I would like to go sailing on my summer holidays.
to go climbing	go mountaineering	I think it isn’t easy to go climbing.	I think it's not easy to do mountaineering.
to go parachuting	go skydiving	Would you like to go parachuting with me?	Would you like to go skydiving with me?

Set expressions with the verb to go

to go sightseeing	sightseeing	We went sightseeing in Tokyo.	We went sightseeing in Tokyo.
to go in for sports	exercise	A lot of people don’t have any health problems because they go in for sports regularly.	Many people do not have health problems because they exercise regularly
How is it going?	How are you?
to go gray	turn gray	My dad is going gray and I’m going bald.	My father is turning gray and I am going bald.
to go bald	go bald	My dad is going gray and I’m going bald.	My father is turning gray and I am going bald.
to go mad	go crazy; get terribly angry	She'll go mad if you wear the same dress as she does.	She will go crazy with anger if you wear the same dress as hers.
to go blind	go blind	Our old dog has gone blind.	Our old dog has gone blind.
to go dead	go deaf	My granny is going to die.	My grandmother is losing her hearing.
to go bankrupt	go bankrupt	That company went bankrupt last year.	This company went bankrupt last year.
to have a go	try	Some people aren't interested in scuba diving but I've always wanted to have a go.	Some people are not interested in diving, but I always wanted to try it.

In reality, there are many more stable expressions with the verb to go. We recommend that you write down the most interesting ones when you come across them - this way you can remember them easier.

Phrasal verbs with the stem to go

to go on	continue	Please go on!	Please continue!
to go out	go out, go somewhere	Would you like to go out tonight?	Would you like to go somewhere this evening?
to go out with	meet someone (romantically)	Jane goes out with Paul. They are engaged.	Jane is dating Paul. They are engaged.
to go back to

We are all making plans both for the distant future and for the coming weekend. Today you will learn how to talk about your plans in English, ask about strangers and say what you are not going to do at all.

There is a construction in English specifically for this purpose to be going to do something, which translates as “getting ready to do something.”

Using the construction to be going to in the past tense

When is the construction to be going to used?

We use this design in the following cases:

1. When we plan to do something in advance.
(she is going to bake a cake; he is going to wash the car)

2. When we say that something is likely to happen and there are all the signs for it.
(it's about to rain, look at these clouds)

Scheme for forming an affirmative sentence

The phrase to be going to consists of two parts: changeable and unchangeable.

First part- verb to be, changes depending on who performs the actions. In the present tense, the verb to be has 3 forms:

1. Am - used with the word I.
2. Is - used with singular words he, she, it.
3. Are - used with words plural: you, we, they.

Second part - going to, always remains unchanged.

I	am
You
We	are		eat
They		going to	sleep
She			dance
He	is
It

For example

They are going to swim in the pool.
They are going to swim in the pool.

She is going to find a job.
She's going to find a job.

We are going to buy a car.
We are going to buy a car.

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How can you shorten to be going to?

In informal communication, for example, in conversation or correspondence with friends, to be going to can be shortened as to be gonna. This abbreviation can also be heard very often in song lyrics, films and TV series.

I am gonna go home.
I'm going to go home.

We are gonna dance all night.
We're going to dance all night.

Scheme for constructing a negative sentence

If you want to say that you are not going to do something, then add the negative particle not to the verb to be.

I	am
You
We	are			swim
They		not	going to	work
She				dance
He	is
It

Examples negative sentences.

She is not going to call him.
She's not going to call him.

We are not going to study Spanish.
We are not going to learn Spanish.

I am not going to write this text.
I'm not going to write this text down.

How to ask a question with to be going to?

To ask whether someone is going to do something, the verb to be comes first.

Am	I
	you
Are	we		sleep?
	they	going to	buy?
	he		travel?
Is	she
	it

For example

Are you going to get up early?
Are you going to get up early?

Is she going to play volleyball?
Is she going to play volleyball?

Are they going to buy a cake?
Are they going to buy a cake?

Special questions c to be going to

With this construction you can also ask questions with the words:

what - what;
where - where;
when - when;
who - who;
how (often/long) - how (often/long);
which - which one;
why - why.

These words come first. The rest of the word order remains the same as in a regular question.

	am	I
		you
What	are	we		do?
When		they	going to	buy?
Where		she		visit?
	is	he
		it

Let's look at examples.

How long are you going to do your homework?
How long are you going to do your homework?

When is she going to cook dinner?
When is she going to cook dinner?

What are they going to sell?
What are they going to sell?

Using the construction to be going to in the past tense

Surprisingly, this construction can be used in the past tense. It can be used when we say that we were going to do something, but never did. To construct such a sentence, the verb to be is placed in the past form.

1. For the singular (I, she, he, it) - was.

2. For the plural (you, we, they) - were.

For example: “He was going to go on a trip, but he couldn’t because of money problems.”

I	was
You
We	were		work
They		going to	sleep
She			travel
He	was
It

Examples

She was going to go to the party, but her father did not let her go.
She was about to go to a party, but her father didn't let her.

They were going to work at the weekend, but then decided to meet friends.
They were going to work on the weekend, but then decided to meet with friends.

So, now you know everything about the construction to be going to. If you have any questions, ask them in the comments. Now let's move on to practice.

Task to be going to for consolidation

Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Is she going to buy that dress?
2. We are going to go to a friend's birthday.
3. He is not going to have lunch.
4. Are you going to help me?
5. They were going to go to nature, but couldn’t.
6. Are you going to live together?
7. She is not going to get married.
8. He was going to meet her, but he had to work.

As always, write your answers in the comments below the article.

At first glance, go (goes) is a verb, the understanding and translation of which seems extremely simple. However, the list of possible meanings and uses goes beyond the designation of movement. In addition, there are many stable phrases and phraseological units in which new semantic shades of this word are revealed.

Basic values

Go (goes) is a verb that is one of the most common words. Surely even a person starting to study English knows such translations of this word as “go”, “go”. However, the range of its meanings is much wider. And for correct interpretation, you should pay attention to the context.

Different translations of the word go:

go, walk;
leave, leave, go;
to be (in a certain state);
go (about hours);
to be sold (at a specific price);
to be in circulation (about banknotes, coins);
pass, disappear, get lost, vanish;
to speak, to speak, to verb;
to be cancelled, to be abolished;
fail.

This is an incomplete list of all possible options. When translating, it is important to understand what meaning this or that includes. English saying, and then translate it into your native language in a way that sounds natural.

Usage examples

The translation options presented in the previous section are illustrated in examples:

She always goes hungry. - She is always hungry (goes hungry).
Everything goes better than we expected. - Everything is going better than we expected.
The clouds have gone. - The clouds have cleared.
I thought that she went mad. - I thought she was crazy.
He goes by steamboat. - He is sailing on a ship.

Forms and conjugations

The word go belongs to the category of irregular verbs. That is, its conjugation differs from the standard one. The first thing to learn is the three forms: go, went, gone.

Went is a verb form that occurs only in the past indefinite tense. As a rule, it is used in cases where it is necessary to talk about some accomplished fact, without indicating the duration, period of time or result. To indicate a specific period of time or, if necessary, to emphasize the duration of an action, tenses of the Continuous group are used. If the fact in question entailed a result in the present, the Perfect is used.

In the group of perfect tenses, the past participle is used - gone (the form of the verb presented in the third column of the Irregular verbs table). All this is remembered very easily. The main thing is to understand the tense system in English. Another important fact: go (goes) is a verb that can only be used in the active voice. It is not used in the passive. For clarity, the use of the verb in all tenses is presented in the table.

	Past	Present	Future	Future-in-the-Past
Indefinite (Simple)	went	go/goes	will go	would go
Continuous (Progressive)	was/were going	am/is/are going	will be going	would be going
Perfect	had gone	have/has gone	will have gone	would have gone
Perfect Continuous	had been going	have/has been going	will have been going	would have been going

The phrasal verb go in combination with prepositions and adverbs

Phrasal verbs - characteristic feature, characteristic of the English language. This is a phrase that includes a verb and a postposition (preposition or adverb). In this regard, the basic meaning of the original word changes partially or completely. This is the main difficulty of phrasal verbs. A literal translation is not able to convey the meaning of the phrase, so special attention should be paid to the study of these phrases.

go	about	1) walk, stroll 2) circulate, spread (about rumors, news, etc.) 3) get to work, get busy
	around (with smb.)	hang out (with someone)
	aside	step aside
	back	return
	back (on)	fail, fail to keep a promise
	by	1) to work with something 2) to be guided by something
	down	1) leave (from the center to the province) 2) sink, go to the bottom 3) fall, decline, lose height 4) calm down (about the wind) 5) believe, be approved (by the public)
	for	1) rush (toward the goal) 2) pounce
	in for	get carried away
	into	scrutinize, investigate, investigate
	off	1) shoot, explode 2) get off, go through (about an event, etc.) 3) deteriorate, become worse, lose original quality 4) faint, lose consciousness
	on	1) move on, continue persistently (move towards the goal) 2) happen, happen, take place
	on with	continue (narration, story, playing a musical instrument)
	out	1) go out, be in society, attend various events 2) go out (about a candle, lamp) 3) go out of fashion, become obsolete
	over	1) go 2) move, cross to the other side (roads, streets, rivers) 3) review, re-read 4) study carefully in detail
	through	1) discuss something, considering point by point 2) experience, experience 3) perform, do
	to	have worries, incur expenses
	under	fail
	up	1) go to the center from the provinces 2) rise, grow (about prices) 3) get closer to someone, come close
	with	harmoniously combine, correspond
	without	do without something

When using the above phrases in your everyday speech, be sure to use them correctly. Remember about changes in persons: go - goes (verb in the third person, in combination with the pronouns he, she, it), tenses (for example, went - for the simple past), etc.

Set phrases

In English, as in any other language, there is such a thing as set expressions. Such a phrase is an indivisible unit, which, when translated, is considered as one whole. One of the common mistakes made by beginners is trying to translate each word separately, and then, combining the resulting variants, to understand the meaning. However, in many cases this method is inappropriate. Such examples include phrasal verbs, idioms, and phraseological units. Such expressions need to be remembered and, if possible, included in your active vocabulary, used in everyday speech. Here are some examples:

as fast as one can ~ - as fast as you can;
as ~ along - along the way;
as the years ~ by - over the years, over time, after (many) years;
as things ~ now - according to current circumstances, in the current state of affairs;
as we ~ forward - in the future, further;
be good to ~ - to be suitable, ready for use;
come and ~ - move forward and backward, back and forth;
give the go-by - get ahead, overtake;
give it a ~ - make an attempt;
here you ~ - here, hold, take;
in one ~ - in one approach, once, sitting down;
it is no ~ - nothing works out, nothing comes out;
~ barefoot - walk barefoot;
~ go well - go well.

Not represented here full list all kinds of stable phrases with the verb to go. However, these phrases are among the most common both in everyday speech of native speakers and in fiction English-speaking countries.

Exercises with answers

After reading any theoretical material, it is advisable to practice the acquired knowledge in practice. One of effective methods is to do the exercises.

Task 1

Translate into English, inserting the verb go in the correct form. Keep in mind that some sentences will contain phrasal verbs.

She went for a walk.
I used to go out every evening.
I am interested in music.
Those red gloves don't match that green dress.
I want to go back.

Task 2

Fill in the blanks by substituting go/goes, a verb in the past tense (went) or Present Perfect (has gone):

She... by train. - She's traveling by train.
I wanted to buy this necklace, but the prices ... up. Now it is too expensive for me. - I wanted to buy this necklace, but the prices have increased. Now it's too expensive for me.
He used ... to this school. - He used to go to this school.
You had better... back to your house. - It would be better for you to return home.
The milk... bad. - The milk has gone bad.

Answers 1

She went for a walk.
I used to go out every night.
I go in for music.
The red gloves don't go with that green dress.
I want to go back.

Answers 2

...goes...
...have gone...
...to go...
...go...
...went...

This topic is quite easy to understand. But it is important to bring the use of the verb in different tenses to automaticity, and also to master several stable phrases, including them in your vocabulary. The best ways to study are to work through the exercises and make up your own sentences with the phrases you intend to remember.

Every student of English has invariably asked the question why verbs that are written in the dictionary very often have a completely different meaning in a sentence. The topic of phrasal verbs will help you understand why this happens, and today we will look at the phrasal verb go.

When you look in a dictionary, you only see the basic meaning. But if you add some preposition or adverb to a verb, its meaning may change.

For example, the combination verb + preposition to go on has a meaning different from the main one.
In this case, the basic meaning of “go”, “move” is replaced by “continue”, “last” or “occur” (about an event).

Important! When translating set expressions into Russian, remember that prepositions or adverbs that come immediately after the verb can change its meaning beyond recognition.

Particles that change the meaning of the verb Go

After = to follow (someone)
Along = agree, support
Away = end, leave
Back = return to previous state
Down = to descend, to set (about the sun)
In = to enter, to participate
Off = turn off (about technology), pass (about an event)
Out = going out of fashion
Over = revise, check
Through = to go through (difficulties)
Under = to fail
Up = increase
With = to go together (about clothes)

Grammar connectives

A verb with prepositions forms stable grammatical connectives, which are called phrasal verbs. Another type of grammatical connectives in which a phrasal verb is involved are idioms, or set expressions.

Let's look at each of the groups.

Phrasal verb

Not every verb with a preposition is usually called phrasal - only certain stable phrases have become a separate semantic unit. In fact, it is correct to translate it not as a phrase, but as a separate word.

go out– translation: get out
The preposition out means that the object has left some area. Out - to be outside, go out - to go out. In Russian we use the prefix vy- (go out, fly out, jump out).
Jane went out of the house.

go up- rise, head upstairs
The preposition up means upward movement, upward direction.
My granny went up the stairs slowly.

go down translation: go down, head down
The preposition down denotes direction, downward movement
She went out the stairs quickly.

go away- end, leave
Indicates the direction in which the preposition points.

To go out with(someone) – meet (with someone)
In addition to it, the English also use the popular verb to date to mean “meet” or “go on a date.”

To go in for (sports)- get involved in some activity, play (sports).
A common expression. Many people remember him from school.

Translation of phrasal verb go over– revise, check, succeed.
It has a wide variety of meanings. To use the correct meaning, you need to be well versed in the context.

Idiomatic expressions

An idiom is a set expression whose meaning is not related to the meaning of the words it contains. Their use diversifies and embellishes our speech. They are part of the cultural code, with the help of which you can understand the way of thinking and character of native speakers.

Idiomatic expressions are tricky.

For example, go bananas The idiom is not about bananas at all. If it appears in the text, you know that the one to whom it refers is seriously freaked out and angry.

Translation of the phrase go dutch It's easy to turn into nonsense if you don't know that it's an idiom meaning everyone pays for themselves.

There is an idiom in English go ahead. It is translated as “continue”, “begin” (something). In colloquial slang it can mean “Go ahead!”

Advice! The best way understand the idiom - focus on the context and often look into the dictionary of Russian-English idiomatic expressions.

Any professional translator will tell you that spoken English consists of 80% phrasal verbs. There are as many as 55 expressions with phrasal verb go alone. The ability to correctly use such grammatical structures in speech is another step towards acquiring language skills.