There are many tricky pitfalls in morphological parsing of nouns that are often forgotten. Let's remember the most important thing.

According to their meaning and morphological characteristics, nouns are divided into several categories: proper and common nouns, animate and inanimate.

Proper names are easy to recognize: they name a single object and are written with a capital letter (Petya, Zorka, Riga, Italy, “Ogonyok”), sometimes they form names in the form of phrases (Krasnaya Presnya, Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, Velikaya Patriotic War), have only a singular number. We write out the proper name in its entirety and parse it as one noun.

Nouns have a common grammatical meaning - subject. Questions who? or what? help distinguish between animate and inanimate nouns. But our ideas about living and nonliving things do not always coincide, so we use a hint: we compare cases in the plural. For animate, the accusative and genitive cases coincide (I see a brother - there is no brother), for inanimate - the accusative and nominative (I see books - there are books).

An object can be different: a living creature, a plant or a person, a period of time, an event or natural phenomenon, a quality or a process. Groups of concrete (crow, table), material (sugar, hydrogen), abstract (courage, enmity) and collective nouns (crow, people) are not indicated in the school analysis, but play an important role in determining some characteristics. For example, animation or number, gender or case.

Concrete nouns can be counted, go well with cardinal numerals, and are used in singular and plural.

Materials are food products, drinks, materials, fabrics, chemical elements, medicines, have only the singular form (milk, oil) or only plural(perfume, sawdust), they can be measured, but not counted. In quantitative terms, they have the ending -U in the genitive case: buy honey, a bar of chocolate, give some sugar.

Abstract (abstract) nouns denote concepts that are in no way connected with counting, and also do not vary in numbers, they have the suffixes -IZM-, -OST-, -IZN-, -IN-, -OT-, -STV-, -TIY- , -NIY-: heroism, courage, whiteness, silence, kindness, mischief, arrival, education.

Collective names call many objects as a single whole, are inanimate, have only singular or only plural, and cannot be counted (foliage, furniture). You can also recognize them by the suffixes -j-, -OT-, -V-, -STV, -ESTV-, -NIK-, -NYAK-: crow, poor, foliage, students, spruce forest, willow forest.

After indicating the categories of nouns, we move on to gender, which is determined by the form of the nominative singular case or by the method of substituting the pronouns ON-ONA-ONO; MY, MY, MY. Formally, gender can also be determined by endings:

A, -I, zero, -O, -E, a special type like the adjective -OY, -YY, -IY - this is the masculine gender (father, uncle, doctor, little house, hatchet, patient, district police officer, worker);

A, -I, zero, a special type like the adjective -AYA, -YA - this is feminine (mother, aunt, steppe, living room, anteroom);

O, -E, words in -MYA, a special type like the adjective -OE, -EE - this is the neuter gender (window, sea, time, ice cream, future);

A, -I is a common gender (crybaby, sleepyhead).

Words of general gender are divided into 3 groups: informal names Zhenya, Shura), indeclinable surnames (Zhivago, Hugo) and nouns with the meaning of properties and assessment of persons by appearance (shorty), behavior (bully), intelligence (stupid), morality (skunk) , social status (hillbilly). Nouns denoting professions or occupations (teacher, agronomist, director - all masculine) are not classified as general gender.

For indeclinable nouns, gender is determined by meaning and dependent words (maestro, lady, hot coffee, warm coat). It is impossible to determine the gender of words in the plural (watch, sleigh).

Declined nouns are divided into three groups. To the 1st declension: masculine and feminine with endings -A, -I; to the second - neuter with endings -O, -E, masculine with zero ending, to the 3rd declension: feminine with zero ending.

There is a group of words that are differently indeclinable (10 words in -MYA and “path”) and indeclinable (foreign words, proper names, compound words and abbreviations for vowels). For words that have only a plural form, and for nouns transferred from adjectives with a special type of declension, it is impossible to determine the declension, for example: rake, gate; animal, wounded.

Most specific words change according to numbers: cat - cats, miracle - miracles, man - people, new coat - new coats. But if a noun has only one number form, this is its constant feature.

All cases, except the nominative, are usually called indirect, since they are used with and without prepositions, and the prepositional case only with prepositions. Cases differ in questions and endings.

Nominative (Im.p.): is there anyone? What?

Genitive (R.p.): no one? what?

Dative (D.p.): I will give it to whom? what?

Accusative (V.p.): I see who? What?

Creative (t.p.): proud of whom? how?

Prepositional (Prov.): thinking about whom? how?

Cases must not be confused! Think about it this way.

In a sentence: It rained all year - the word “rain” is in the Imp.p., as it is connected with the predicate “it rained”, how long did it last? (time period) year - this word is in V.p.

In the sentence: Tomorrow the results of the competition will be announced - the word “results” in the name. connected with the predicate “will be announced”, the results of what? competition - this word is in the R.p.

In a sentence: It is necessary to cure animals - the word “animals” is in R.p. with a predicate expressed by a transitive verb.

In a sentence: After the warranty period has expired, the product cannot be repaired - the word “after expiration” appears in the Pr.p. (I’m thinking about what? about expiration).

If a noun is used in nominative case, it can be subject or address, noun part predicate or application. The noun in indirect cases acts as an object, adverbial adverbial, and modifier.

Let's get acquainted with the plan for the morphological analysis of nouns and begin to study examples.

PLAN FOR MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF A NOUN

1. Part of speech and general grammatical meaning.

2. Initial form (Name, singular) and morphological characteristics:
Constants (P.p.):
- rank:
proper or common noun,
animate or inanimate;
- genus,
- declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- number,
- case.

3. Syntactic role of the noun.

The sentences are selected from funny stories by children's writer Sergei Volf.

First we walk along the boulevard.

1. (Along) the boulevard - a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): boulevard
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2nd declension.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- units,
- D. case.
3. We walk (on what? where?) along the boulevard (circumstance of the place).

There are flowers growing there that look like dill, trees, and for the second day a cat is meowing, which I can’t track down.

1. Flowers is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): flower
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2nd declension.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- plural,
- Name case.
3. Flowers are growing (what?) (subject).

On the street we held hands and walked to the park.

1. (On) the street - a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): street
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- female gender,
- 1 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- units,
- Pr. case.
3. We picked up (on what? where?) on the street (circumstance of the place).

What's wrong with you, Alyosha? - she said and touched my forehead.

1. Alyosha is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): Alyosha
Constants (P.p.):
- own,
- animate;
- m.rod,
- 1st declination,
- has only a singular number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- Name case.
3. (Who?) Alyosha (not a member of the sentence, because it is an appeal).

Let your boy go to Moscow!

1. (B) Moscow - a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): Moscow
Constants (P.p.):
- own,
- inanimate;
- female gender,
- 1st declination,
- has only a singular number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Release (to what? where?) to Moscow (circumstance of place).

But a week ago he took the money and left for Siberia to build a new railway.

1. (B) Siberia is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): Siberia
Constants (P.p.):
- own,
- inanimate;
- female gender,
- 3rd declension,
- has only a singular number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. Left (at what time? where?) for Siberia (circumstance of the place).

Then we drink coffee and eat puff pastries.

1. Coffee is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): coffee
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- inflexible,
- has only a singular number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. We drink (what?) coffee (direct addition).

It is very shameful to believe in such things in our time.

1. (B) time is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): time
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- middle class,
- indeclinable,
- has only a singular number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. believe in time (in what? when?) time (circumstance of time).

They’ll sit down, set up the chess set, and let’s talk about literature.

1. Chess is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): chess
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- no gender
- no declension,
- has only plural numbers.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. They will arrange (what?) chess (direct object).

The yard was already full of kids from neighboring houses.

1. Guys is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): guys
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- no gender
- no declension,
- has only plural numbers.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. There were a lot of (who?) guys (direct object).

And the horse stretched out its muzzle and softly, with its lips, took this sugar right from Sergei Vasilyevich’s palm.

1. Sugar is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): sugar
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- m.rod,
- 2nd declension,
- has only a singular number.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- V. case.
3. I took (what?) sugar (direct addition).

Teacher Lev Evgenievich entered.

1. Teacher is a noun, because denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): teacher
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- animate;
- m.rod,
- 2nd declension.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- units,
- I. case.
3. The teacher (subject) entered (who?).

You study well, but I didn’t know you were such a fool.

1. Balda is a noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): balda
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- animate;
- common gender
- 1 declination.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- units,
- I. case.
3. You (who?) are a fool (compound nominal predicate).

Take daddy's shirts to the laundry.

1. (In) laundry - noun, because. denotes an object.
2. Initial form (Name, singular): laundry
Constants (P.p.):
- common noun,
- inanimate;
- female gender,
- inflected as an adjective.
Non-permanent (N.p.):
used in
- units,
- V. case.
3. You will take it (to what? where?) to the laundry (circumstance of the place).

Training tasks

Perform a morphological analysis of the indicated nouns.

1) “You see,” he says, “you remember my name, it’s nice.”

2) But when the guys staged the play “Well, wait a minute” and I saw Svetulya in a hare costume, I lost my head.

3) I walked around all day not like myself and was very happy.

4) I am so confused in these thoughts.

5) The roach took it from me normally, more or less often, from Sveta - also wow.

6) There, half a kilometer from the sanatorium, a river was discovered, the grandfather even perked up at first, he took a fishing rod with him, but it quickly became clear that the river was very tiny, narrow, and most importantly, there was nothing there except a gudgeon.

7) Everyone, as usually happens at the beginning of the journey, stunned by the departure, sat in their compartments, the corridor of the carriage was empty and quiet, in general (I listened) there was complete silence.

8) Someone squeaked and fussed about in the willow bushes...

Literature

1. Ilyushina L.A. On the morphological analysis of a noun / Russian language at school and at home. - 2002. - No. 3.

2. Chuglov V.I. About morphological analysis / Russian language at school. - 2002. - No. 3.

On the mail train traveling from St. Petersburg to Moscow, a young lieutenant Klimov (Chekhov) was riding in the smoking section.

1. N. f. - train.
   morphemic analysis of the word awakened A) Constant signs: common noun, inanimate, masculine, 2nd declension.
   what syntactic role can pronouns play in proposal B) Variable signs: used in singular form, prepositional case.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question from what?
2. N. f. - Petersburg.
   how to parse the word smile A) Constant signs: proper, inanimate, masculine, 2nd declension, does not change in numbers - has only the singular form.
   tourniquet morphemic parsing B) Inconstant signs: used in the genitive case.
3. IN proposal serves as a circumstance of place.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - Moscow.
   how to parse the word russia as part of speech A) Constant signs: proper, inanimate, feminine, 1st declension, not changes by numbers - has only the form of a singular number.
   part of speech without being B) Inconstant signs: used in the accusative case.
3. In a sentence, it plays the role of an adverbial adverbial place.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question what?
2. N. f. - department.
   for what part of speech A) Constant features: common noun, inanimate, neuter gender, noun in -i: 2nd declension, but in prepositional case ending -i, like nouns of the 3rd declension.
   adjective as part of speech B) Inconstant signs: used in the singular form, prepositional case.
3. In a sentence, it plays the role of an adverbial adverbial place.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question for whom?
2. N. f. - smoking.
   house morphological analysis of the word A) Constant features: common noun, animate, this noun is a substantivized participle, therefore it changes by gender (smoker, smoker) and is declined as a full participle.
   morphemic analysis of the word telephone B) Inconstant features: used in the plural form, genitive case; there is no gender, like the full participles in the plural.
3. Fulfills the role in a sentence inconsistent definitions.

1. Noun; denotes an object; answers the question who?
2. N. f. - lieutenant.
   A) Constant features: common noun, animate, masculine, 2nd declension.
   B) Inconstant features: used in the singular form, nominative case.
3. IN proposal acts as an application.

1. Noun; stands for item; answers the question who?
2. N. f. - Klimov.
   A) Constant signs: proper, animate, masculine, 2nd declension.
   lilac case B) Inconstant signs: used in the singular form, nominative case.
3. IN proposal acts as the subject.

Quite often in verification work in the Russian language it is required to perform a morphological analysis of the noun. This article will help you find out what it is and how it is performed. In addition, at the end you will find examples of morphological analysis various forms words

What is morphological analysis of a noun?

Morphological analysis of a noun- This is a complete grammatical characteristic of the word form of a noun. During morphological analysis, the constant and variable features of a noun are determined, as well as its semantic role in a phrase or sentence.

How to parse a noun as a part of speech?

Parsing a noun as a part of speech is carried out in the following sequence:

• 1. Part of speech, to which the word form refers, and the question.
• 2. Initial form, morphological characteristics:
  • 2.1. Permanent(animate or inanimate, proper or common noun, gender, declension, number (for nouns that are used only in the singular or only in the plural));
  • 2.2. Fickle(number, case).
• 3. Syntactic role(what role the noun plays in a phrase or sentence).

Examples of morphological analysis of nouns

For an example of morphological analysis of nouns, consider the analysis of word forms in a sentence:

« Andrey drank coffee made of porcelain cups».

Andrey

TOP 2 articleswho are reading along with this

• 1. Andrey – noun (who?).
• 2. Initial form - Andrey;
  • 2.1. Constant signs: animate, proper, m.r., 2nd declension;
  • 2.2. Inconstant signs: I. p., singular.
• 3. Subject.

Coffee

• 1. Coffee is a noun (what?).
• 2. Initial form – coffee;
  • 2.1. Constant features: inanimate, common noun, m.r., indeclinable noun, singular;
  • 2.2. Variable signs: V. p.
• 3. Addition.

From a cup

• 1. Cups – noun (from what?).
• 2. The initial shape is a cup;
  • 2.1. Constant signs: inanimate, common noun, w. r., 1st declination;
  • 2.2. Non-permanent signs: R. p., singular.
• 3. Circumstance.