Abstract on the topic "dedicated to the border guards." Who is a border guard? The concept of border guards Message about border guards

Burtseva Svetlana
Lesson on patriotic education "Introduction to the service of border guards"

Program content: To consolidate the knowledge of children that in peacetime our country is guarded by the Russian army, to acquaint children with the service of border guards, to cultivate patriotic feelings based on familiarization with the military traditions of our people. Cultivate a sense of pride in the warrior-defenders.

Equipment: The painting "Protection of the border", a geographical map of Russia.

preliminary work: conversation "Our Army", drawing "Soldier", conversation about the holiday Defender of the Fatherland Day.

Vocabulary work: border, state, border guard, control strip.

GCD progress

Educator: Guys, recently our people celebrated a holiday - Defender of the Fatherland Day, and we talked about how our army courageously defended its Motherland. But even in peacetime there is an army. Why do we need an army in peacetime? (Children's answers) Many of you correctly said that in peacetime, in the army, soldiers are taught to defend their country if the enemy attacks it. Soldiers train to become strong, they learn how to shoot, how to use new military equipment.

caregiver(puts up a geographical map) How many of you know what it is? (Children's answers) This is a map. It shows different countries. How to find out which country is located? (Children guess)

caregiver A: One country is separated from another by a border. Here is the border of our country - Russia. (Show the border with a pointer) Show the border of Russia. (Summon a few children and help them guide the pointer along the Russian border)

Educator: Now show the borders of other countries (Children show the borders of other countries, and the teacher tells them the names of the countries - France, Germany, etc.)

caregiver: Do you think it is easy to pass from the territory of one state to the territory of another? (Children guess)

Educator: Of course, you can’t just go from one country to another, because all countries guard their borders. Who guards the borders, what do you think?

Children: Soldiers, military.

Educator: What is the name of the military who guard the border of their state?

Children: Border guards. (If the children do not answer, the teacher himself calls this word and invites the children to repeat it in chorus and individually)

caregiver: Border guards in all countries guard the borders of their state. Do you think it's easy to do it? What do you know about the work of border guards? (children's answers)

Educator: Now we will consider a picture that will help you find out how the border guards guard the border of our Motherland. (Exhibit the picture "Guarding the Border" and give the children time to look on their own) Who do you see in this picture?

Children: Border guards.

caregiver: Why did you decide that they were border guards?

Children: They are dressed in military uniforms, they have machine guns.

caregiver: Let's take a closer look at the border guards. Why do they have such a spotty shape?

Children: So that they are not visible.

caregiver: And what else do they have in their hands, besides machine guns?

Children: Bag, dagger.

caregiver: What do you think is in the bag? (Children's guess) There is a first aid kit in this bag. What can be in a first aid kit? (Children's suggestion) Yes, there may be a bandage, cotton wool, various medicines. And why do border guards need all this?

Children: children's answers.

caregiver: We discussed the uniform of the border guards with you, but all the military can be dressed like this. What prompted you that the border guards are depicted in this picture? (Children guess)

caregiver: And what is it?

Children: Pillar.

caregiver: This is a border post. Such pillars stretch along the entire border. It is painted with red and green stripes, and at the top is the coat of arms of the country. What do you see behind the border guards?

Children: A plowed strip that looks like a field.

caregiver: Yes, this is indeed a plowed strip, it is called the control-track strip. Listen to the word and tell me what this control and trail strip is for? (Children's guesses)

caregiver: The control strip runs along the entire border. Every morning a tractor drives by and plows it open. If someone from the other side of the border, from a neighboring state, crosses this control and trace strip, then traces will remain on it. The border guards go out on patrol, pass along the border and very carefully inspect the control and trail strip so as not to miss the traces left by the violators. Repeat the new word - control trail. (Children repeat the word in chorus and individually)

caregiver: Who else do you see in the picture?

Children: Dog.

caregiver: What is she doing.

Children: Helps the border guards, pulls along, follows the trail.

caregiver: What trail did the dog smell?

Children: The one that remained on the control strip.

caregiver: What do you think, who could leave traces on the control strip?

Children: Intruders, spies.

Educator: Could animals have left traces?

Children: Yes

educator b: If there are traces of animals, will the border guards follow these traces? (Children's suggestion) The border guards must check whether the animals really left the tracks. After all, violators can put animal tracks on their hands and feet and cross the border in order to confuse border guards. Think about how the persecution of the violator could take place? (To guide the development of the plot - the border guards pursued the real violators; the border guards at the end of the pursuit discovered that a real bear had crossed the border)

caregiver Q: What would you call this painting?

Children: “A case on the border”, “Mistakes of the border guards”, “Border security” (Choose the name that best suits this picture)

caregiver: So, guys, we have learned how the border guards carry out their difficult service. What should be the border guard? (Assumption of children) Yes, border guards must be strong, hardy in order to be able to detain the offender. After all, sometimes you have to pursue him for a long time and engage in a fight with him. The border guards have to be very attentive to notice that someone has crossed the border. Border guards should be able to train their assistants - dogs. They must be able to shoot. Therefore, to become such, they need to study and train a lot.

IN dispenser: Do you think border guards can be called defenders of the Fatherland?

Children: Yes.

Educator: Border guards are the first to meet enemy troops when they cross the border. They, like all military men, are defenders of the Fatherland. Now I will read to you the story of V. Korzhikov about the border guards.

At the end of the GCD, the children share their impressions of what they have read.

The border troops are very important for the country: they prevent the secret passage of goods and the secret passage of persons across the land and sea borders of the country, protect water resources in our border and territorial waters from plunder.

The history of the Border Guard is part of the heroic and tragic annals of Russia. At a great price, the border guards managed to equip and secure the borders of the country, to ensure the peace and tranquility of its peoples.

It is a historical fact that the protection of the population of the Old Russian state from enemies who made countless raids, invasions and intrusions into the border regions was considered a matter of honor and valor from ancient times, and the border guards were surrounded by special honor and glory.

One of these heroes was Ilya Muromets, who is considered the patron saint of Russian border guards.

In 1412, the creation of the state border guard was first mentioned. Tsar Vasily the First "established his land with outposts." The fortified border lines were a complex complex of cities, forest and mountain barriers, specially created fortresses and fortified points, lines of ditches and ramparts, forest clearings.

Border guards, gaining combat experience, became a formidable force for the enemy. The charter of the guard and stanitsa service from the border guards was required to "show constant vigilance, observe measures of their own safety, and not arbitrarily leave the site without changing to their places."

For unauthorized leaving the site without a shift, the old border guards were threatened with the death penalty. For negligent performance of service and "failure to reach the designated places - beating with a whip." Late arrivals will result in a fine.

On August 5, 1827, Tsar Nicholas I introduces a green uniform for border guards and establishes a single weapon: a lance, two pistols, a saber for horsemen and a gun with bayonet, cleaver for foot border guards.

All subsequent changes in the border guards of the empire were aimed at the complete militarization of this special force. The activities of the border guards of the Russian Empire had a combative character.

Today, the total length of the State Border of the Russian Federation is 6 million 103 thousand 129 kilometers by land and water.

The units and divisions of the Border Service are armed with modern weapons, military, aviation, marine, automotive and special equipment.

“Border guards are sacrificial troops”

The first border guards can be considered three heroes who defended Rus' from the visits of malicious "foreign tourists". But legends are legends... The very first documentary evidence is dated 1512. Then, after another attack by the Crimean Khan, Grand Duke Vasily the Third established his lands with outposts. And on February 16, 1571, Ivan the Terrible determined the border charter of the village and guard services.

The black date for the Russian border troops is June 22, 1941. They are still fighting today. In April, a mining group of the North-Western Federal Border Guard went to Chechnya. The border guards have both reconnaissance and assault detachments, which also have enough work. About them, and in general about the essence of the border service, says Major General Viktor Kharichev:
- Some people believe that our Fatherland needs to be protected only on the threshold of your home. And the fact that protection issues are being resolved far from the state border line is unknown to many. Our ancestors are being criticized now. But they were smart people. They provided state security in foreign campaigns, for example, to Italy, France, Turkey, Persia ...
- Why?
- Probably, it is easier and more practical to defend the state not on its own territory. We forget the wisdom of the commanders of the past, which is why there is a sharp criticism of the presence of our troops in Tajikistan and Chechnya. But after all, for thousands of years our ancestors expanded the borders of the country. Russia without access to the Atlantic Ocean, the North and the Pacific, that is, without a geopolitical structure, simply could not exist. The ancestors were smart also because at the sea frontiers it is possible to provide a border barrier with less forces. Mountain ranges: the Caucasus, Tien Shan, Pamir and others served the same purpose.

Why do we need Tajikistan?
- So that we do not catch the Taliban here, on the banks of the Neva or on the outskirts of Moscow. On the other hand, how many of our Russian-speaking residents are left there, how many graves of our ancestors?.. Evolution has been going on for centuries. And what? Leave everyone now? Live as you wish. We also forget that 80% of heroin is produced in Afghanistan, which is 45 billion a year. The endless flow of drugs flowing through Russia to the West and East must also be stopped. By the way, security is not only standing with a bayonet at the border, but a complex of political, military, security and diplomatic measures. We need Tajikistan like air! The Taliban set themselves the task of fighting the infidels by spreading poison. And who are they infidels? Those who do not recognize the regime, that is, the whole world.
Unfortunately, we have lost the border space as a whole, creating a lot of holes through which the shortest routes are laid. Agree, earlier in St. Petersburg there were almost no problems with drug use, but now the city is simply littered ...

Are the border guards to blame?
- The border guards are just a fragment of the political system. But it is they who are doing their best… Several tons of opium, raw material and heroin are seized every year. In addition to protecting the border, one has to fight drug trafficking or prevent a massive flow of refugees. And the North? It's no secret: we're losing it. The Far East was filled with Koreans, Chinese and Japanese - the seizure of the territory of Russia by specific methods is underway. Visa-free tourists marry Russian women in order to obtain citizenship, create their own colonies, and then they will demand representatives in the government. In order to avoid occupation, the efforts of the emigration service, customs, tax police and border troops should be combined ...

- Now FPS ...
- Previously, we were part of the KGB system, after the collapse of the Union, an independent structure appeared - the Federal Border Service. It should be like this... Now it includes the central apparatus of the security service, which is located in Moscow, and regional border departments. Previously, instead of them, there was a system of border districts. Rather, the change in names is due to the need to demonstrate the reduction of the Armed Forces.
More... The district includes detachments - divisions and formations. They are divided into commandant's offices - separate battalions, which consist of independent companies, that is, outposts guarding certain sections of the border.

What about the special forces?
- In the border detachment there were reserve special units - motorized maneuver groups. For disguise, we called them detachments of increased combat capability. In principle, this is deep reconnaissance, which is necessary during a period of sharp aggravation of the situation or the conduct of hostilities. The GRU has its own range, the army has another, our scouts must work to a depth of 100 km from the border. Moreover, army units can operate in this area, so intelligence is transferred to the operational subordination of the army commander.

In general, the entire border service is a special force. Before us is a real enemy. Soldiers walk every day with a weapon, a cartridge in the chamber. In addition to the border guards, the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, now the Ministry of Justice, who guard the prisoners, are in constant combat readiness.

I gave 45 years of my life to the border troops. He organized the entry of units into Afghanistan, led operations, and the latter, after the commander Gromov, left through the bridge. Then I commanded the Task Force in the Termez direction.

In Afghanistan, the zone of responsibility of the border troops was the territory at a depth of 100-150 km from the border line. Our air assault and motorized maneuver groups worked in close cooperation with the special forces of the KGB, with the Air Force, motorized rifles, and artillery. They were engaged in identifying Islamist committees, inclining gangs to the side of the state, performing special tasks in order to stabilize the situation without a fight and without bloodshed. Each special unit had its own sector. Basically, covering up operational activities, we focused on propaganda work, because before using weapons, it is better to try to convince or create an agent base. And when the Mujahideen wanted to make war in response, then, of course, they had to carry out specific measures. Now, if OKSV acted in Afghanistan as well as we did, then order would be restored quickly. But there were people who were not prepared either morally or psychologically, so the main tank units had to be withdrawn. There was no special training, commanders in the 40th army were collected from all over the Union. Even from here, units were thrown from the North-West ... But here - swamps, forests, and there - heat, sands, high mountains. Climbing skills are needed, but they just didn’t exist, not even all the paratroopers could withstand ...

And who then led the task force? Marshal Sokolov is a tanker. His chief assistant is Marshal Akhrameev, also a tanker. From the border guards was Colonel General Vertelko, the first deputy commander, also a tanker. But after all, the tasks were different, there was no talk of tank wedges and theories of modern military art. It was necessary to go back several centuries, to study the experience of fighting banditry, Basmachi, green brothers, smugglers, which I did when I was the chief of staff of the Central Asian border circle. After all, our service is based on operational work, otherwise intelligence. And intelligence, in turn, is the basis of military protection.

- Did you carry out deep reconnaissance at other borders?
- In 1967, the Chinese promised that we would celebrate the 50th anniversary of Soviet power in the trenches, and then units of increased combat capability began to form. As a reinforcement, tank battalions were brought to the border, since the border guards must hold the defensive line for about 1-2 hours and even more, until the army forces pull up.

Our groups also acted during the Damansky events. In general, the Chinese are a specific people. The river flows, its banks are washed away, and the border changes. In theory, such issues are resolved by diplomatic methods. But it is very difficult for the Chinese to prove anything. As a result, they invaded Damansky Island. There were major clashes. Due to certain circumstances, the army units did not arrive on time, and the border guards suffered heavy losses. The head of the border detachment, Colonel Leonov, died. He was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. They removed the commander of the Losik military district. In general, border guards are sacrificial troops. So, in the Second World War, almost all of the 279 outposts from the Barents to the Black Sea perished.

History and modernity should, as nowhere else, be reflected in the training of border troops. We teach personnel to fight against sabotage, reconnaissance formations, we teach how to fight with a small contingent against large enemy forces. By the way, the training process is longer than in other troops. In Afghanistan, our guys showed good combat abilities, because they were mostly trained. For eleven and a half years, 518 guys died. All are buried at home. None were taken prisoner, there are no facts of desertion. 9 Heroes of the Soviet Union, in total 22 thousand were awarded, in particular with medals "For distinction in protecting the state border of the USSR." After all, according to the documents, we were not in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1982. We wore the uniform of the Soviet Army, acted according to the tactics of special forces. Then we had to legalize, because the handwriting cannot be disguised and any farmer understood that we had a different psychology, we had the ability to work with the local population. We urged the bandits to lay down their arms, demonstrated strength: helicopters will fly, infantry fighting vehicles will spin guns. You look, and the enemy has become meek. Our fighters also acted as part of other special forces: they hunted for gang leaders, guarded the Afghan government. The best were taken to the committee "Alpha" ...

- Did the press service say that you are connected with the border landing force?
- I was the initiator of the creation of air assault units. This is an airmobile version of units of increased combat capability. The guys wore green vests and berets. The calculation was made for greater maneuverability, because it is almost impossible to use equipment - armored personnel carriers or infantry fighting vehicles - in the mountains of Central Asia. Qualified helicopter pilots clung to the rocks with the wheels of their vehicles, and landing troops landed on a small platform, which operated in isolation from the main formations. So there was only hope. Covering a caravan or a gang, there was no need to wait for help. In the landing version, only 82 mm mortars were provided. In some places in the mountains they used 120 mm to protect the base. After all, first, after the landing, a camp was created, and only then did they go on raids. As a rule, they worked on the basis of intelligence data, sometimes they even had to buy information ... And it's a shame that the experience of the Afghan war has been little studied. Her mistakes were repeated one by one in Chechnya. Then the war was not over either. Gorbachev wanted to become a world leader, a Nobel Prize winner, and on the tail of the outgoing columns, the war penetrated our territory. Anyway, after the withdrawal, several operations had to be carried out.

- Where?
- In Afghanistan, in the areas of Ishkashim and Kalai Khumba, at the junction of the Khorog and Moscow border detachments. The operation was carried out by Totsky, the head of the Khorog detachment. Then the bandits went to the border and began to destroy the population that supported us during the war. We could not leave them to the mercy of fate and threw the terrorists away. Until the middle of 1991, aviation flew to the northern provinces, six companies provided the delivery of humanitarian aid. And then we betrayed the Afghans.

Now the Taliban is on the buzz. But they appeared even before the April revolution. Already in 1973 there were 6-8 thousand of them. The revolution preempted another war. By the way, the US special services were engaged in organizing the movement, since Afghanistan is a "nut". It was once part of India. Under Peter, trade routes were established through Termez and Sherkhan. Three times the British went there. But they lost. It's just that the West was afraid of Russia's penetration further into India. And Afghanistan became a buffer state. His politicians maintained neutrality: they did not let the British in and did not oppose us. It was profitable.

- So why did they enter Afghanistan?
- We were forced to. In general, the operational formation of the USSR troops looked like this: the most powerful grouping in the West (border guards performed the functions of only the 4th echelon of state border protection), the second grouping is concentrated in the Far East against China. And the South turned out to be open, except for the border guards and small training units there was nothing there. It is no coincidence that the Americans are interested. We were only a few hours ahead of their invasion. Today, talking about Afghanistan, some politicians are obsessed: why did he surrender to us? We would try to investigate the situation in the world... In Germany alone there were 108 ballistic missiles capable of reaching the Urals. And if the States began to deploy their bases in the South, they would be able to bombard the entire Union with nuclear weapons. In fact, we went to prevent the advance of the Americans into Iran. After the Mule revolution, they were kicked out of this country. But the entire Iranian-Soviet border was crammed with electronic intelligence equipment that monitored our aircraft. They filmed all the information to a depth of 1000 km.

- Did special units of border guards work there?
- In each border detachment there were small groups, numbering 30-50 people. They selected guys who had undergone airborne training in flying clubs. The tactics were borrowed from paratroopers and special forces. But the groups did not operate on the territory of Iran, since the aim was different: not to give a reason to be drawn into provocations. The border was destroyed, and we guarded it unilaterally. Basically, only mass crossings of the civilian population were stopped. I led the operation in Gasan-Kuli, when about 5 thousand refugees concentrated there: supporters of the Shah, former military personnel. I had to expel them and then prevent new attempts through a show of force. Service dogs on long leashes were used, but still the refugees pressed against the border under our cover. Only foreigners working in Iran were let through.

– Do OPBS work in Tajikistan and Chechnya?
– Mostly in Tajikistan. There are few of them in Chechnya. The main task is to prevent the supply of militants from outside - from Georgia and Azerbaijan... After all, it is not the Chechen people who are fighting, but scum from all over the world. Who is not there, and all for the money. In Afghanistan, the same thing, they say, unleashed a war with the people. No. A simple farmer doesn’t give a damn about it, as long as they don’t interfere with work - graze cattle. Mercenaries fought against us. There were 175 camps in Pakistan alone, some in China, about 100 in Iran, as well as in Yemen, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

Now Afghanistan is an international terrorist training incubator. And guarding the Afghan-Tajik border is not a friendly service. Detachments of increased combat capability block paths and passes, work according to previously received information - they perform targeted tasks, unlike, for example, motorized riflemen. Destroy leaders.

The Islamist committees and leaders were confiscated in Afghanistan. And in Chechnya, leaders must be taken. A rough, hasty cleansing led to nothing: the militants hid their weapons and are waiting for the right moment. In such conditions, intelligence is very difficult. If we take the first Caucasian campaigns, it turns out that the number of deaths is less than during the first Chechen war.

The Itumkalinsky border detachment has recently been created, which consists of the 121st garrison. Since April 10, 2000, he has been guarding 80 km 400 m of the border with Georgia in order to prevent the penetration of new gangs, to stop financial assistance, the supply of ammunition and intelligence activities. Now the militants have switched to the tactics of sabotage war. On April 5, military equipment was blown up in Argun. The next day it became known that explosive devices with thermal sensors were used. This has never happened before in Chechnya. On April 10, a whole echelon was blown up on the Argun stretch. In short, the war continues. And we, the border guards, and the rest of the troops need to do targeted work. And most importantly - contact with the local population.

Of course, the legs are there, the head is in a different place. If you think about it: everything is tied to oil, big money, spheres of influence. These treacherous Khasavyurt agreements set us back several years. After all, there were moments when the militants were seriously pressed, but for some reason the army was under attack. If the troops had been allowed to finish the job then, there would be order in Chechnya today. It is enough to eliminate large figures like Khattab, and everything will fall apart. Even the West is beginning to see clearly: the sooner the Chechen war ends, the calmer it will be in the whole world. Why hasn't this incubator of terrorism been destroyed yet? Why are the special forces “hands tied?”

From the OP archive

Viktor Nikolaevich Kharichev
Born in 1934 in the city of Przhevalsk in Kyrgyzstan. He graduated from the Alma-Ata Border Military Cavalry School of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs. Since 1955, he served in the Tien Shan as a platoon commander, after which he served as head of the frontier outpost of the Frunze border detachment in Kyrgyzstan. Then, in Kazakhstan, he was the head of the school for sergeants of the Panfilov border detachment. After graduating from the academy Frunze became chief of staff of the Osh border detachment. Every year, the detachment stopped about 60 military-political provocations from China. For distinction in service, he was sent to the Higher Military Academy of the General Staff of the USSR Armed Forces. After graduating in 1978, he was sent to Ashgabat. I met the beginning of the Afghan events in the post of chief of staff of the Red Banner Central Asian border district. Married. The son is a major of the border troops, the daughter is a captain. Now Viktor Kharichev is a major general in the reserve.

The creative project was prepared as part of an inter-district competition dedicated to the Day of an employee of the state security bodies of the Russian Federation

Prepared by: 3rd grade student Finashina Victoria

Subject: Dedicated to border guards.

Content

1. Introduction. Formulation of the problem

2. The main part. Creative project.

3. Riddle.

4. The meaning of the word "border guard".

5. History of the border troops. Ancient Rus'.

6. During the Great Patriotic War.

7. Modern border troops.

8. Assistants to the border guards.

9. We are proud of our countrymen - border guards.

10. Future defenders of the Motherland.

11. Who does not dream of becoming a border guard.

12. Drawings, photos, essays.

13. List of used literature.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION :

Project type : creative

By number of participants : personal

By duration : mini project

Implementation period : november

Project participants : students, teacher, parents, head of the school museum.

Target: I wanted to know who the border guards were and which of the graduates of the school served in the border troops.

Tasks: Gather information from various sources about border guards. Systematize the acquired knowledge.

Seek help from classmates: drawings, essays, poems.

Get to know fellow countrymen - border guards personally.

To issue the received material for participation in the competition, for the use of the material in the classroom.

To cultivate a respectful attitude and a sense of pride to the defenders of our Motherland.

Reproducing the main stages of the project

Topic selection.

Definition of project goals.

Development of the main stages of the project.

Exhibition of drawings, essays, photographs.

Project questions: Learn more about border guards.

Project product: presented the collected and processed information in the form of a presentation for the district competition and for classmates.

Practical significance of the work: In the process of developing this topic, I learned the meaning of the word "border guard", who were the first border guards and at what time, about modern border guards and faithful assistants to the border guards, and most importantly, I personally met the border guards - fellow countrymen who served in the border troops. I feel great pride for their courage, courage, love for their homeland, for their people. Ipoka on our border are the real defenders of the Motherland - our border is locked!

My presentation is dedicated to summing up the results of the project “Dedicated to Border Guards”. I acted as a historian, was a reporter and a journalist, when I asked our fellow countrymen who served in the border troops, and talked with the head of the school museum. In this project, my mother, teacher, classmates helped me. I learned a lot of new and interesting things from various sources. I present my work in the form of an oral journal.

1 page. Who is he?

This is a border guard.

2 page. What does this word mean?

border guard – servicemanborder guard;

Border - located or taking place near the border;

Border - dividing line between territories, border

(from the dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov.)

3 page. From the history of the border troops. Ancient Rus'.

Traditions that have survived to this day have preserved the name of one of these defenders of the Fatherland, the first border guard - the hero Ilya Muromets.

4 page. During the Great Patriotic War.

The statement of Marshal Georgy Zhukov is known:
"I have always been calm for those sectors of the front that were entrusted to the border guards."

5 page. Modern frontier troops.

The Border Service is a structural subdivision of the FSB of Russia.

6 page. Border Guard Assistants.