In the subpolar regions of the Earth there are magnetic poles, in the Arctic - the North Pole, and in the Antarctic - the South Pole.

The North Magnetic Pole of the Earth was discovered by the English polar explorer John Ross in 1831 in the Canadian archipelago, where the magnetic needle of the compass took a vertical position. Ten years later, in 1841, his nephew James Ross reached the other magnetic pole of the Earth, which is located in Antarctica.

The North Magnetic Pole is a conditional point of intersection of the imaginary axis of rotation of the Earth with its surface in the Northern Hemisphere, in which the Earth's magnetic field is directed at an angle of 90 ° to its surface.

Although the North Pole of the Earth is called the North Magnetic Pole, it is not. Because from the point of view of physics, this pole is "south" (plus), because it attracts the compass needle of the north (minus) pole.

In addition, the magnetic poles do not coincide with the geographic ones, because they are constantly shifting, drifting.

Academic science explains the presence of magnetic poles at the Earth by the fact that the Earth has a solid body, the substance of which contains particles of magnetic metals and inside which there is a red-hot iron core.

And one of the reasons for the movement of the poles, according to scientists, is the Sun. Streams of charged particles from the Sun entering the Earth's magnetosphere generate electric currents in the ionosphere, which in turn generate secondary magnetic fields that excite the Earth's magnetic field. Due to this, there is a daily elliptical movement of the magnetic poles.

Also, according to scientists, the movement of magnetic poles is influenced by local magnetic fields generated by the magnetization of the rocks of the earth's crust. Therefore, there is no exact location within 1 km of the magnetic pole.

The most dramatic shift of the North magnetic pole up to 15 km per year took place in the 70s (before 1971 it was 9 km per year). The South Pole behaves more calmly, the shift of the magnetic pole occurs within 4-5 km per year.

If we consider the Earth to be integral, filled with matter, with an iron hot core inside, then a contradiction arises. Because hot iron loses its magnetism. Therefore, such a core cannot form terrestrial magnetism.

And at the earth's poles, no magnetic substance has been found that would create a magnetic anomaly. And if magnetic matter can still lie under the thickness of ice in Antarctica, then at the North Pole - no. Because it is covered by the ocean, water, which has no magnetic properties.

The movement of the magnetic poles cannot be explained at all by the scientific theory of an integral material Earth, because the magnetic substance cannot change its occurrence so quickly inside the Earth.

The scientific theory about the influence of the Sun on the movement of the poles also has contradictions. How can solar charged matter get into the ionosphere and to the Earth if there are several radiation belts behind the ionosphere (7 belts are now open).

As is known from the properties of the radiation belts, they do not release from the Earth into space and do not let any particles of matter or energy into the Earth from space. Therefore, it is absurd to talk about the influence of the solar wind on the earth's magnetic poles, since this wind does not reach them.

What can create a magnetic field? It is known from physics that a magnetic field is formed around a conductor through which an electric current flows, or around a permanent magnet, or by the spins of charged particles that have a magnetic moment.

From the listed reasons for the formation of a magnetic field, the spin theory is suitable. Because, as already mentioned, there is no permanent magnet at the poles, there is no electric current either. But the spin origin of the magnetism of the earth's poles is possible.

The spin origin of magnetism is based on the fact that elementary particles with non-zero spin such as protons, neutrons and electrons are elementary magnets. Taking the same angular orientation, such elementary particles create an ordered spin (or torsion) and magnetic field.

The source of the ordered torsion field can be located inside the hollow Earth. And it can be plasma.

In this case, at the North Pole there is an exit to the earth's surface of an ordered positive (right-sided) torsion field, and at the South Pole - an ordered negative (left-sided) torsion field.

In addition, these fields are also dynamic torsion fields. This proves that the Earth generates information, that is, it thinks, thinks and feels.

Now the question arises why the climate has changed so dramatically at the Earth's poles - from a subtropical climate to a polar climate - and ice is constantly forming? Although recently there has been a slight acceleration in the melting of ice.

Huge icebergs appear out of nowhere. The sea does not give birth to them: the water in it is salty, and icebergs, without exception, consist of fresh water. If we assume that they appeared as a result of rain, then the question arises: “How can insignificant precipitation - less than five centimeters of precipitation per year - form such ice giants, which are, for example, in Antarctica?

The formation of ice on the earth's poles once again proves the Hollow Earth theory, because ice is a continuation of the process of crystallization and covering the earth's surface with matter.

Natural ice is a crystalline state of water with a hexagonal lattice, where each molecule is surrounded by the four closest molecules to it, which are at the same distance from it and are located at the vertices of a regular tetrahedron.

Natural ice is of sedimentary-metamorphic origin and is formed from solid atmospheric precipitation as a result of their further compaction and recrystallization. That is, the formation of ice does not come from the middle of the Earth, but from the surrounding space - the crystalline earth frame that envelops it.

In addition, everything that is at the poles has an increase in weight. Although the increase in weight is not that big, for example, 1 ton weighs 5 kg more. That is, everything that is at the poles undergoes crystallization.

Let's go back to the issue of magnetic poles not matching geographic poles. The geographic pole is the place where the earth's axis is located - an imaginary axis of rotation that passes through the center of the Earth and intersects the earth's surface with coordinates of 0 ° north and south longitude and 0 ° north and south latitude. The earth's axis is tilted 23°30" to its own orbit.

Obviously, at the beginning, the earth's axis coincided with the earth's magnetic pole, and in this place an ordered torsion field appeared on the earth's surface. But along with an ordered torsion field, a gradual crystallization of the surface layer occurred, which led to the formation of matter and its gradual accumulation.

The formed substance tried to cover the point of intersection of the earth's axis, but its rotation did not allow it to be done. Therefore, a trough was formed around the intersection point, which increased in diameter and depth. And along the edge of the gutter, at a certain point, an ordered torsion field was concentrated, and at the same time a magnetic field.

This point with an ordered torsion field and a magnetic field crystallized a certain space and increased its weight. Therefore, it began to play the role of a flywheel or pendulum, which provided and now ensures the continuous rotation of the earth's axis. As soon as there are small failures in the rotation of the axis, the magnetic pole changes its position - it approaches the axis of rotation, then it moves away.

And this process of ensuring the continuous rotation of the earth's axis is not the same at the earth's magnetic poles, so they cannot be connected by a straight line through the center of the earth. To make it clear, for example, let's take the coordinates of the earth's magnetic poles for several years.

North Magnetic Pole - Arctic
2004 - 82.3° N sh. and 113.4°W d.
2007 - 83.95 ° N sh. and 120.72° W. d.
2015 - 86.29° N sh. and 160.06° W d.

South Magnetic Pole - Antarctica
2004 - 63.5 ° S sh. and 138.0° E. d.
2007 - 64.497 ° S sh. and 137.684° E. d.
2015 - 64.28 ° S sh. and 136.59° E. d.

The Earth has two north poles (geographic and magnetic), both of which are in the Arctic region.

Geographic North Pole

The northernmost point on the Earth's surface is the geographic North Pole, also known as True North. It is located at 90º north latitude but does not have a specific line of longitude because all meridians converge at the poles. The axis of the Earth connects the north and, and is a conditional line around which our planet rotates.

The geographic North Pole is located about 725 km (450 miles) north of Greenland, in the middle of the Arctic Ocean, which is 4,087 meters deep at this point. Most of the time, sea ice covers the North Pole, but recently water has been seen around the exact location of the pole.

All points are south! If you are standing at the North Pole, all points are located to the south of you (east and west do not matter at the North Pole). While a full rotation of the Earth occurs in 24 hours, the planet's rotation speed decreases as it moves away from, where it is about 1670 km per hour, and at the North Pole, there is practically no rotation.

The lines of longitude (meridians) that define our time zones are so close to the North Pole that time zones don't make sense here. Thus, the Arctic region uses the UTC (Coordinated Universal Time) standard to determine local time.

Due to the tilt of the earth's axis, the North Pole experiences six months of round-the-clock daylight from March 21 to September 21 and six months of darkness from September 21 to March 21.

Magnetic North Pole

Located approximately 400 km (250 miles) south of the true North Pole, and as of 2017 lies within 86.5°N and 172.6°W.

This place is not fixed and is constantly moving, even on a daily basis. The magnetic North Pole of the Earth is the center of the planet's magnetic field and the point to which conventional magnetic compasses point. The compass is also subject to magnetic declination, which is the result of changes in the Earth's magnetic field.

Due to the constant shifts of the magnetic N Pole and the planet's magnetic field, when using a magnetic compass for navigation, it is necessary to understand the difference between magnetic north and true north.

The magnetic pole was first determined in 1831, hundreds of kilometers from its present location. The Canadian National Geomagnetic Program monitors the movement of the magnetic North Pole.

The magnetic North Pole is constantly moving. Every day there is an elliptical movement of the magnetic pole about 80 km from its central point. On average, it moves about 55-60 km every year.

Who first reached the North Pole?

Robert Peary, his partner Matthew Henson, and four Inuit are believed to be the first people to reach the geographic North Pole on April 9, 1909 (although many assume they missed the exact North Pole by several kilometers).
In 1958, the United States nuclear submarine Nautilus was the first ship to cross the North Pole. Today, dozens of aircraft fly over the North Pole, carrying out flights between continents.

At the beginning of the year, foreign media showed extraordinary interest in the movement of the Earth's magnetic poles and simply burst into fantasies about the "incomprehensible jumps" of the planet's North Magnetic Pole. As it turned out, they were given food for thought by Canadian Geological Survey professor Larry Newit, who, in his own words, gave an interview to a reporter who wanted to hear "how soon the pole would leave Canadian territory." The story of the professor with distortions was placed on the site "National news service", which fans of sensations came across.
In March, the story of the poles stirred up the Russian media in the capital. Domestic correspondents referred to the information of Yevgeny Shalamberidze, an employee of the Central Institute of Military-Technical Information. In this institute, as reported by many journalists, "an unexpected shift of the North magnetic pole by 200 kilometers" was allegedly recorded. This phenomenon was immediately called "polarity reversal" in the mass press.

So, with the sources that sowed so many rumors, we figured it out. It remains to understand what is really happening with the magnetic poles? Does their movement obey the generally accepted theories of pole drift? Is their polarity reversal possible in the near future, and what should earthlings expect if it does happen? With these questions, we turned to the Deputy Director of the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation (IZMIRAN), Professor Vadim Golovkov and the leading researcher of the Central Institute for Military-Technical Information (CIFTI) of the RF Ministry of Defense Evgeny Shalamberidze.

DRIFT ACCELERATION

V. Golovkov was not surprised by the questions asked, the scientist, on the contrary, wanted to dispel the misunderstandings that had arisen. He explained that over the past 150 years, the position of the magnetic poles relative to geographic coordinates has been clearly monitored. Thus, the position of the North Magnetic Pole (NMP) for 2001 was determined by the coordinates of 81.3 degrees north latitude and 110.8 degrees west longitude (the northern island part of Canada, see map).

Really, soonaxis of the NSR not constant. At the beginning of the 20th century, it was only a few kilometers a year, in the 70s it accelerated to 10 kilometers a year, and now is about 40 kilometers per year. That "jump" of 200 kilometers, which was reported with horror by the media, the magnetic pole did not overnight, but over the past ten years. The magnetic pole is moving almost to the north, and if this speed is maintained, the NSR will go beyond the 200-mile Canadian zone in 3 years, and in 50 years it will reach Severnaya Zemlya.

IS REVERSAL POSSIBLE?

From the school bench we know that the Earth's magnetic field in the first approximation is a dipole, a permanent magnet. But besides the main dipole, the planet has so-called local magnetic anomalies, "scattered" unevenly over its surface (Canadian, Siberian, Brazilian, etc.). Each anomaly leads its own specific way of life - they move, intensify, weaken, disintegrate.

The compass needle, which is also a magnet, is oriented relative to the total field of our planet and with one tip points to the North magnetic pole, the other - to the South. So the location of the first is greatly influenced by the Canadian magnetic anomaly, which currently occupies the entire territory of Canada, part of the Arctic Ocean, Alaska and the north of the United States. The anomaly "pulls" the position of the North geomagnetic pole by several degrees. Therefore, the real, total magnetic pole does not coincide with the geographic one, and the north-south compass reference turns out to be not perfectly accurate, but only approximate.
Under the inversion of the Earth's field understand the phenomenon when the magnetic poles change their sign to the opposite. The compass needle after inversion should be oriented diametrically opposite. V. Golovkov said that on the basis of paleomagnetic data (studies of ancient deposits of lava layers with iron-bearing inclusions), it was shown that the inversion of the poles on the scale of the geological time of the Earth is a fairly common phenomenon. However, the polarity reversal does not have any pronounced periodicity, it occurs every few million years, and the last time it took place was about 700 thousand years ago.

Modern science cannot give an exhaustive explanation of inversion. Nevertheless, it was revealed that the intensity of the Earth's dipole field changes twice with a period of about 10 thousand years. For example, at the beginning of our era, its value was 1.5 times greater than now. It is also known that at times when the dipole weakens, the local fields increase.

Modern models of polarity reversal suggest that if the strength of the main field weakens sufficiently and reaches a value of 0.2 - 0.3 of its average value, then the magnetic poles will begin to "shake" under the influence of enhanced anomalous regions, not knowing where to stumble. So, the north pole can "jump" to middle latitudes, to the equatorial ones, and if the equator "jumps over", then an inversion will occur.

V. Golovkov believes that the accelerated movement of the North Magnetic Pole observed today is fully described by modern mathematical models. The scientist is convinced that the pole will not reach Severnaya Zemlya - the Canadian anomaly will simply “not let it in”, and it will drift in the same area without going beyond the anomaly. Inversion, according to V. Golovkov, is really possible at any moment, but this "moment" will not happen sooner than in several millennia.

GALACTIC SCALE CHANGES

Now let's talk about the information expressed by Yevgeny Shalamberidze, a leading researcher at the Central Institute for Military-Technical Information (CIVTI) of the Russian Defense Ministry, at a round table devoted to the problem of the growth of aviation accidents and catastrophes.

As E. Shalamberidze said in an interview to a correspondent of the Interfax VREMYA weekly, this organization conducts a comprehensive analysis of the results of dozens and even hundreds of domestic and foreign studies of various profiles. They show that one of the main sources of the accelerating drift of the planet's magnetic poles is the entry of the solar system into a certain energy-saturated zone of our Galaxy (as NASA experts put it, the system "plunged" into a hydrogen "bubble"). This area of ​​increased concentration of atomic hydrogen began to fundamentally change the "energy order" of the development and interaction of all bodies of the solar system.

So, according to official data from NASA (including those obtained with the help of the Ullis space probe) and the Joint Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences:

The power of the electromagnetic radiation of Jupiter has increased since the beginning of the 90s by 2 times, and Neptune only in the late 90s - by 30 times,

The energy intensity of the basic electromagnetic frame of the solar system, which forms a bunch of the Sun - Jupiter, has increased by 2 times,

On Uranus, Neptune and the Earth, ongoing processes of drift of the magnetic poles are growing.

Thus, the accelerating drift of the poles on our planet is only an element of the global processes taking place in the Solar and Galactic systems and exerting various influences on all phases of the development of the biosphere and the life of mankind.

WHAT ALREADY "IS WRONG" ON THE EARTH?

Registration data from satellite systems show that since 1994 there has been an inversion of the ocean surface temperature, and almost the entire system of world ocean currents has changed. Over the past 2 years in America, Canada, Western Europe, winter temperature records have been broken. The temperature of the water at the equator rises, and this leads to intensive evaporation of moisture. At the same time, the ice of the North Pole is melting. Few people know that the land in the Arctic and Antarctica is currently experiencing a rapid development of the plant world. And our taiga is advancing to the north. The base of the Earth's radiation belt has shifted, the lower edge of the ionosphere has descended from a height of 300-310 km to 98-100 km. The number of all kinds of catastrophes is constantly increasing.

Total number of disasters\ With damage over 1% of the gross\ With the number of victims\ With the number of deaths

1963-67 16 39 89

1968-72 15 54 98

1973-77 31 56 95

1978-82 55 99 138

1983-87 58 116 153

1988-92 66 139 205

As Professor A.Dmitriev from the Joint Institute of Geology, Geophysics and Mineralogy of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences testifies, the space that now surrounds the Earth is in constant magnetoelectric "flicker", i.e. we have a magnetoelectric instability. There are conditions for sharp fluctuations in temperature, the emergence of typhoons, hurricanes. The constant introduction of additional energy and matter into the state of the Earth causes complex adaptive processes in the planet itself, it is forced to constantly adapt to new conditions. And that is exactly what we are seeing at the moment.

In order for us to be able to effectively predict the prospects for the drift of the magnetic poles and other basic geophysical forecasts on Earth, it is necessary, as the specialists of the Center for Information and Intervention Technologies emphasize, to create specialized state institutions that would begin to coordinate and integrate numerous narrow-industry studies of various organizations, so far completely unrelated between themselves. Only on this basis will it be possible to reasonably foresee what awaits us tomorrow ...

WHAT THEY KNOW IN THE USA AND DO NOT KNOW IN RUSSIA

At the same time, studies of the TsIVTI of the RF Ministry of Defense indicate that the US ruling circles received primary information about the growing planetary destruction by the middle of the 20th century and began to comprehensively and covertly take them into account in their long-term geostrategy.

Even in the open version of the 1980 government report to the President of the United States "On the state of the world by the year 2000" (where one of the 4 volumes was completely devoted to a detailed and multivariate forecast of the natural situation on the planet after 20 years) it was clearly indicated that the aggravation of the natural situation in the region of the year 2000 could be caused by: "... a change in the Earth's orbit and its rotation", "...these changes will have consequences for our future...", "...the duration of the consequences (reaction time) can stretch from several days to several millennia".

In 1998, under the Congress, and since 1999 under the US government, special committees were organized to prepare the country for emergency activities in the period up to 2030. Moreover, the leading scientific and government authorities of the United States strictly block the public dissemination of any objective and systemic information about the growing fluctuations of the earth's poles and cataclysms of the planet.

So why does the US geostrategy take into account the latest knowledge in the sciences, while ours, the domestic one, does not? One of the important factors in the uncontrollability of the processes taking place today on Earth is the ignorance or denial by humanity of the very fact of these processes. But even when a person gets their hands on such data, they often do not find a wide audience, or are distorted. Is it not time for us to boldly face the truth and make a difference?

Elena NIKIFOROVA, Columnist for the weekly Interfax TIME

A study led by geologists led by Arnaud Chulliat from the Paris Institute of Physics of the Earth showed that the speed of movement of the north magnetic pole of our planet has reached a record value for the entire time of observation.

The current rate of the pole shift is an impressive 64 kilometers per year. Now the north magnetic pole - the place where the arrows of all the world's compasses point - is located in Canada near Ellesmere Island.

Recall that scientists first determined the "point" of the north magnetic pole in 1831. In 1904, it was first recorded that it began to move in a northwesterly direction by about 15 kilometers per year. In 1989, the speed increased, and in 2007, geologists reported that the north magnetic pole was already rushing towards Siberia at a speed of 55-60 kilometers per year.

According to geologists, the iron core of the Earth is responsible for all processes, with a solid core and an outer liquid layer. Together, these parts make up a kind of "dynamo". Changes in the rotation of the molten component, most likely, determine the change in the Earth's magnetic field.

However, the core is not accessible to direct observations, it can only be seen indirectly, and, accordingly, its magnetic field cannot be directly mapped. For this reason, scientists rely on changes taking place on the surface of the planet, as well as in space around it.

The change in the lines of the Earth's magnetic field will undoubtedly affect the biosphere of the planet. It is known, for example, that birds see a magnetic field, and cows even align their bodies along it.

New data collected by French geologists have shown that a region with a rapidly changing magnetic field has recently appeared near the surface of the core, probably formed by an anomalously moving flow of the liquid component of the core. It is this region that is dragging the north magnetic pole away from Canada.

True, Arno cannot say with certainty that the north magnetic pole will ever cross the border of our country. No one can. "It's very difficult to make any predictions," Shullia says. After all, no one is able to predict the behavior of the nucleus. Perhaps, a little later, an unusual swirl of the liquid interior of the planet will occur elsewhere, dragging the magnetic poles along with it.

By the way, scientists have long been saying that the magnetic poles can even change places, as it happened more than once in the history of the planet. This change can lead to serious consequences, for example, affect the appearance of holes in the protective shell of the Earth.

Earth's magnetic field may be in for catastrophic changes

For some time now, scientists have noticed that the Earth's magnetic field is weakening, leaving some parts of our planet especially vulnerable to radiation from space. This effect has already been felt by some satellites. But so far it remains unclear whether the weakened field will come to a complete collapse and change of poles (when the north pole becomes south)?
The question is not whether it will happen at all, but when it will happen, say scientists who recently met at a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco. They don't know the answer to the last question yet. The reversal of the magnetic field is too chaotic.

Over the past century and a half (since the beginning of regular observations), scientists have registered a 10% weakening of the field. If the current rate of change is maintained, it may disappear in one and a half to two thousand years. A particular weakness of the field was registered off the coast of Brazil in the so-called South Atlantic anomaly. Here, structural features of the earth's core create a "dip" in the magnetic field, making it 30% weaker than in other places. An additional dose of radiation creates malfunctions for satellites and spacecraft flying over this place. Even the Hubble Space Telescope was damaged.
A change in the lines of the magnetic field always precedes its weakening, but not always the weakening of the field leads to its reversal. The invisible shield can build up its strength back - and then the field change will not occur, but it may happen later.
By studying marine sediments and lava flows, scientists can reconstruct patterns of how the magnetic field has changed in the past. The iron contained in lava, for example, shows the direction of the then existing magnetic field, and its orientation does not change after the lava solidifies. The oldest known field change has been studied in this way from lava flows found in Greenland, estimated to be 16 million years old. The time intervals between field changes can be different - from a thousand years to several million.
So will the magnetic field reversal happen this time? Probably not, scientists say. Such events are quite rare. But even if this happens, nothing will threaten life on Earth. Only satellites and some aircraft will undergo additional contact with radiation - the residual field will be enough to provide protection to people, because there will be no more radiation than at the magnetic poles of the planet, where the field lines go into the ground.
But there will be an interesting reconfiguration. Before the fields stabilize again, our planet will have many magnetic poles, making it extremely difficult to use magnetic compasses. The collapse of the magnetic field will significantly increase the number of northern (and southern) lights. And you will have a lot of time to capture them on camera, because the field flip will be very slow.

No one knows what awaits us in the near future, even the academicians of the Russian Academy of Sciences make only guesses and assumptions ... Probably because they know only about 4% of the matter of the Universe.
Recently there have been various rumors that we are threatened by the reversal of the poles and the zeroing of the planet's magnetic field. Despite the fact that scientists know little about the nature of the planet's magnetic shield, they confidently declare that this does not threaten us in the near future and tell us why.
Very often, illiterate people confuse the geographic poles of the planet with the magnetic poles. While the geographic poles are imaginary points marking the Earth's axis of rotation, the magnetic poles cover a wider area, forming the Arctic Circle, within which the atmosphere is bombarded by hard cosmic rays. The process of collision in the upper atmosphere causes auroras and the glow of ionized atmospheric gas.
Since the atmosphere is thinner and denser in the zone of the polar regions, the auroras can be admired from the ground. This phenomenon is beautiful, but very unfavorable for human health. And the reasons for this are not so much in magnetic storms, but in the penetration of hard radiation into the territory of the Arctic Circle, which affects power lines, airplanes, trains, railway lines, mobile and radio communications ... and, of course, the human body - its psyche and the immune system.

These holes are located over the South Atlantic and the Arctic. They became known after analyzing data received from the Danish Orsted satellite and comparing them with earlier readings from other orbiters. It is believed that the "culprits" of the formation of the Earth's magnetic field are the colossal flows of molten iron, which surround the earth's core. From time to time, giant whirlpools form in them, capable of forcing the streams of molten iron to change the direction of their movement. According to the staff of the Danish Center for Planetary Science (Center for Planetary Science), in the region of the North Pole and the South Atlantic formed such eddies. In turn, the staff of the University of Leeds (Leeds University), said that usually the change of poles occurs once every half a million years.
However, 750 thousand years have passed since the last change, so the change of magnetic poles may occur in the very near future. This can cause significant changes in the lives of both people and animals. First, at the time of the reversal of the poles, the level of solar radiation can increase significantly, since the magnetic field will temporarily weaken. Secondly, changing the direction of the magnetic field can disorient migratory birds and animals. And thirdly, scientists expect serious problems in the technological field, since, again, a change in the direction of the magnetic field will affect the operation of all devices connected in one way or another with it.
Vladimir Trukhin, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Physics of Moscow State University and Head of the Department of Physics of the Earth, Vladimir Trukhin, says: "The Earth has its own magnetic field. to say that life as it is, could not exist on Earth if there were no magnetic field. We have small protections from space - such as, for example, the ozone layer, which protects against ultraviolet radiation. The lines of force of the Earth's magnetic field protect us from powerful cosmic radioactive radiation... There are cosmic particles of very high energies, and if they reached the Earth's surface, they would act like any strong radioactivity, and what would happen on Earth is unknown. Yevgeny Shalamberidze believes that a similar shift of the magnetic poles occurred on other planets of the solar system. Scientists believe that the most likely reason for this is the fact that the solar system passes through a certain zone of galactic space and experiences geomagnetic influence from other space systems nearby. Deputy Director of the St. Petersburg branch of the Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Oleg Raspopov believes that a constant geomagnetic field is actually not so constant. And it changes all the time. 2,500 years ago, the magnetic field was one and a half times greater than it is now, and then (over 200 years) it decreased to the value we have now. In the history of the geomagnetic field, so-called inversions constantly occurred, when the geomagnetic poles reversed.
The geomagnetic north pole began to move and slowly moved into the southern hemisphere. At the same time, the value of the geomagnetic field decreased, but not to zero, but to about 20-25 percent of the current value. But along with this, there are so-called "excursions" in the geomagnetic field (this is - in Russian terminology, and in foreign - "excursions" of the geomagnetic field). When the magnetic pole begins to move, the process of inversion begins, as it were, but it does not end. The north geomagnetic pole can reach the equator, cross the equator, and then, instead of completely reversing the polarity, it returns to its previous position. The last "excursion" of the geomagnetic field was 2,800 years ago. A manifestation of such an "excursion" can be the observation of auroras in southern latitudes. And it seems that, indeed, such auroras were observed approximately 2,600 - 2,800 years ago. The very process of "excursion" or "inversion" is not a matter of days or weeks, at best it is hundreds of years, maybe even thousands of years. It won't happen tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
The shift of the magnetic poles has been recorded since 1885. Over the past 100 years, the magnetic pole in the southern hemisphere has moved almost 900 km and entered the Indian Ocean. The latest data on the state of the Arctic magnetic pole (moving towards the East Siberian world magnetic anomaly through the Arctic Ocean) showed that from 1973 to 1984 its run was 120 km, from 1984 to 1994 - more than 150 km. Characteristically, these data are calculated, but they were confirmed by specific measurements of the north magnetic pole. As of the beginning of 2002, the drift velocity of the north magnetic pole increased from 10 km/year in the 1970s to 40 km/year in 2001. In addition, the strength of the earth's magnetic field is decreasing, and very unevenly. Thus, over the past 22 years, it has decreased by an average of 1.7 percent, and in some regions - for example, in the South Atlantic Ocean - by 10 percent. However, in some places on our planet, the magnetic field strength, contrary to the general trend, even increased slightly. We emphasize that the acceleration of the movement of the poles (by an average of 3 km/year) and their movement along the corridors of magnetic pole reversal (more than 400 paleoinversions made it possible to identify these corridors) makes us suspect that this movement of the poles should be seen not as an excursion, but as a polarity reversal. the earth's magnetic field. The geomagnetic pole of the Earth has shifted by 200 km.
This was recorded by the instruments of the Central Military Technical Institute. According to Yevgeny Shalamberidze, a leading researcher of the institute, a similar shift of the magnetic poles occurred on other planets of the solar system. The most likely reason for this, according to the scientist, is that the solar system passes "a certain zone of galactic space and experiences geomagnetic influence from other space systems nearby." Otherwise, according to Shalamberidze, "it is difficult to explain this phenomenon." "Pole reversal" influenced a number of processes occurring on Earth. Thus, "the Earth, through its faults and the so-called geomagnetic points, dumps an excess of its energy into space, which cannot but affect both the weather phenomena and the well-being of people," Shalamberidze emphasized.
Our planet has already changed poles .. proof of this is the disappearance of certain civilizations without a trace. If the earth for some reason turns over 180 degrees, then from such a sharp turn all the water will pour onto land and flood the whole world.

In addition, the scientist said, "excessive wave processes that occur when the Earth's energy is released affect the speed of rotation of our planet." According to the Central Military Technical Institute, "approximately every two weeks this speed slows down somewhat, and in the next two weeks there is a certain acceleration of its rotation, leveling the average daily time of the Earth." The ongoing changes require reflection to be taken into account in practical activities. In particular, according to Yevgeny Shalamberidze, the increase in the number of air crashes around the world may be associated with this phenomenon, RIA Novosti reports. The scientist also noted that the displacement of the geomagnetic pole of the Earth does not affect the geographic poles of the planet, that is, the points of the North and South poles remained in place.

Experts point out that Earth's magnetic poles are shifting at a high rate of increase, and the magnetic field weakens. What dangers does this pose, how can this phenomenon threaten humanity, and maybe the whole nature and fauna?
Let's try to briefly understand this issue, calling for help from domestic and foreign sources. After all, the compass needle points to the north - this is how children are taught in geography lessons.

Was there a pole shift earlier in Earth's history?

Yes, it was, scientists say. 786,000 years ago, the Earth's magnetic field changed its direction by 180 degrees. The reversal, apparently, lasted only a hundred years, but looking ahead, we can assume that people then could still be in a certain danger.
Moreover, the Earth's magnetic field repeatedly changed direction - on average every 250,000 years. At that time, if there was a compass, then its arrow, indicating north, would actually show south.

The last long-term reversal of the magnetic poles, called the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal, occurred almost 800,000 years ago. And it happened surprisingly much faster than previously known reversals of the Earth's magnetic field, according to the International Geophysical Journal.
Almost as quickly there was a brief change in the magnetic field 41,000 years ago. At that time, the north magnetic pole went 200 years to the south pole, stayed there for 440 years, and then returned to the north. Such short-term excursions are even more frequent than long-term reversals.

The exact date of the last long-term reversal of the magnetic poles

To analyze the magnetic pole shift, the scientists analyzed the deposits of a former lake in the Apennines east of Rome. The dominant directions of the magnetic field of their deposit materials were found and restored. In this study, scientists were able to determine the timing of the Brunhes-Matuyama reversal much more accurately than previously possible. The ratio of two different argon isotopes was used to calculate the age of the deposited layers. It turned out that this event happened only 786 thousand years ago.

Why the Earth's magnetic field changes its direction, researchers can not finally explain until now. "This is due to changes in the planet's outer core," says Maxwell Braun of the German Research Center for Geosciences in Potsdam. There, probably, the Earth's magnetic field is generated. "However, we don't know what controls its long-term behavior."

However, there is such an understanding of the nature of the Earth's magnetic field. The reasons for the formation of the magnetic field are hidden deep in the hot bowels of the Earth: there is a layer of liquid iron that rotates around the 2500 km powerful core of the Earth, which consists of solid metal - iron and nickel. This rotation moves metals about ten kilometers a year and creates a current, which in turn generates a magnetic field around the Earth.
“But the iron masses in the bowels of the earth behave chaotically, a slight turbulence and convection currents form everywhere, which manifests itself on earth in the form of fluctuations in the magnetic field, both weakening the magnetic field and slightly strengthening it in other places. Thus, the magnetic field has already weakened by 5%, and even more in the Atlantic and Brazil.

There is at least circumstantial evidence that the next pole reversal could take place within a few thousand years. The Earth's magnetic field has been weakening for 150 years. Recently, the decrease in field intensity has even accelerated. And the North Magnetic Pole, for example, has already gone from its original value of 1300 km in the direction of Siberia, overcoming about 90 km per day.

What dangers, threats to all living things are the switching of the Earth's magnetic field

For life on Earth, orbiting satellites, and for electrical infrastructure, the Earth's magnetic field is extremely important because it protects them from harmful cosmic radiation. During the turn, the magnetic field becomes much weaker. Reduced protection from cosmic radiation and this can increase the risk of cancer for humans and animals. The impact on satellites will occur in much the same way as during solar storms. Experts fear disruptions in the functioning of the power grid.

Moreover, the magnetic field does not allow molecules of the Earth's gaseous shell to be carried into space, otherwise it would have left what is now observed on Mars.

However, geologists are comfortable with the polarity reversal because the atmosphere is a real shield against high energy radiation towards the earth. In addition, the protective magnetic field does not completely disappear even during a reversal. There is some optimism that the human race has experienced several short-term reversals of the magnetic field, like the one that took place 41,000 years ago.

Currently, scientists have begun intensive research on polar ice, which holds centuries-old secrets of the response of materials to changes in the planet's magnetic field. Many believe that earthlings have a glaring lack of knowledge in this matter, which must be quickly eliminated. Maybe that's why, in the Earth's orbit for more than a year, three European satellites began to fly close to each other, which, with their magnetometers, are carefully monitoring changes in the magnetic field of our planet. And they noted a decrease in the intensity of field weakening in a number of places. True, in other places these changes have increased somewhat.

But astrophysicist Harald Lescha from Munich, who has run computer simulations of the problem, offers unexpected hope to mankind. He says that if the magnetic field of the planet is greatly weakened, then the missing energy can be replaced by the energy of people facing the magnetic field.

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