Secondary general education

Line UMK G. A. Bordovsky. Social Studies (10-11)

Social science

Unified State Exam in Social Studies: reviewing assignments with the teacher

My students, graduates of 2017, who successfully passed the Unified State Exam in social studies, claim that the recommendation to read the entire text of the work before starting assignments gives good effect when doing work. When reading the work, emotional stress is relieved, brain activity is directed to analyzing the materials, and the graduate is involved in productive cognitive activity, leading to high scores for completing the work.

As materials for work, we use the version of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies 2017 (early period), published by FIPI in the spring of 2017.

Part 1

Task No. 1

Write down the word missing in the table.

Factors of production and factor income

When completing task No. 1, you need to carefully look at the title of the table. In our case, the table is called “Factors of production and factor income.” One of the factors of production is indicated: entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial abilities) and its factor income is indicated: profit. Knowledge of the main factors of production: land, labor, capital (physical and monetary), entrepreneurial abilities of information is inextricably linked with knowledge of factor income as income that the owner receives from the use or application of factors of production. Labor - wages, land - rent, capital - interest, entrepreneurial abilities, information - profit. The table shows factor income - rent, which means that in the first column we can safely enter such a factor of production as Earth. The correct answer is earth. When preparing, it is important for the student to know and full specifications all factors of production.

Task No. 2

In the row below, find a concept that is generalizing for all other concepts presented. Write it down word (phrase).

State form, form of government, unitary state, federation, republic.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 2, it is always necessary to clearly define the generic concept (in the question it sounds like a generalizing concept). Our version presents: the form of the state, how device political organization of society (it is important to remember that this is also a certain set of characteristics by which we determine the method of organization and structure of the state); form of government, which is determined by the composition of the highest bodies state power and the order of their formation, as well as their interaction with the population of the state; a unitary state, which refers to one of the forms of state-territorial structure, like a federation; A republic is one of the forms of government. I always strongly recommend that my students, in a rough draft, immediately when they begin completing assignments related to the topic “Politics,” draw a diagram:

This is important because a typical mistake that graduates make when conducting test exams is associated with mixing concepts. And when the diagram is before your eyes, it will be more difficult to make a mistake.

Accordingly, based on the diagram, it becomes clear that the generic (generalizing concept for all others here will be the form of the state, i.e. its versatile characteristics presented in the answer options. The remaining concepts reflect these or other elements. For example, the form of government is given as part forms of state and republic, as one of the types of government.

Correct answer: form of state.

Task No. 3

Below is a list of characteristics. All of them, with the exception of two, belong to the elite culture.

1. complexity of the forms used;
2. the authors' desire to implement own ideas ;
3. entertaining character;
4. strongly commercial orientation;
5. spiritual aristocracy;
6. Requires special training to understand.

Find two characteristics that “fall out” from the general series and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.

When completing task No. 3, pay attention to the concept in question. In this case, this is “elite culture” and we are asked about the characteristics of this concept. Elite culture is discussed in the topic “The spiritual sphere of social life.” The generic concept is “Culture”. In our case, the question is in the plane of varieties of culture (material, spiritual; folk, mass, elite). The task presents the features of elite culture: the complexity of the forms used, the authors’ desire to embody their own ideas, spiritual aristocracy, the requirement of special training for understanding. Well, really, are we all ready to perceive musical works Schnittke, analysis of highly intelligent literary works Kafka? What can you say about Rodin's sculptures? It is clear that this culture is designed for a narrow circle of consumers prepared to perceive complex works. Elite culture does not seek commercial gain; self-expression and the search for new forms in art are important for authors.

Two characteristics that remain outside our attention: entertaining nature and a pronounced commercial orientation are the most important characteristics popular culture. Therefore, in this case we will mark them as correct. Because in the task we are asked to remove unnecessary characteristics.

Task No. 4

Choose the correct judgments about society and social institutions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Society is a constantly developing dynamic system.
2. Social progress characterized by degradation, a return to outdated structures and relationships.
3. In a broad sense, society is understood as a part of the world separated from nature, but connected with it, including ways of interaction and forms of unification of people.
4. Social institutions perform the function of human socialization.
5. Society is a closed system that does not interact with external environment.

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 4 we must discover judgments about society and public institutions. Here you cannot do without knowledge of the concepts: “society” in the broad and narrow senses; society as a system; “social institution”, as a historically established stable form of organizing joint activities of people, and knowledge of types social institutions in the main spheres of social life.

The first judgment characterizes society as a dynamic developing system - this judgment is correct, since it is an axiom in the course of social science.

The second judgment is incorrect, since progress, which is one of the directions of social development, is characterized by the development of society from lower to higher. And the judgment indicates: degradation, a return to already outdated structures and relationships, which are qualitative characteristics of another direction of social development - regression.

The third judgment almost completely reproduces the concept of “society” in a broad sense, and therefore is correct. What is missing there is “consisting of individuals with consciousness and will.”

The fourth proposition is correct. During socialization, a person learns the experience of previous generations. We know that social institutions establish certain patterns of behavior for people. This is best confirmed by such a social institution as the family, which belongs to the social subsystem of society.

The fifth proposition is incorrect. Society is a dynamic, open, self-developing system. It is almost impossible to apply the concepts of “ closed system", not interacting with the external environment. No special evidence is needed here. It is enough to recall the concept of society in the broad sense of “a part of the material world isolated from nature, but closely connected with it.”

Thus, the correct judgments will be: 1, 3, 4.

Thematic planning in social studies

Task No. 5

Establish a correspondence between the characteristics and types (forms) of activity: for each element given in the first column, select the corresponding element from the second column.

Task No. 5 relates to the topic “Activities”. Types (forms of activity) are considered: play, learning, work, communication. To complete this task, it is enough to know the characteristics of each type (form of activity). The imaginary setting is a characteristic of the game (A 4), focus on achieving a practically useful result - to work (a person creates certain objects that satisfy needs) (B 2). Focus on acquiring new knowledge and skills - to study (AT 3). And not a single type (form) of activity is complete without communication. Therefore, the remaining two characteristics: the process of establishing and developing contacts between people and the focus on information exchange reflect the essence of communication (G 1, D 1). You just need to remember that in the process of communication people exchange not only information, but also emotions, influencing each other.

Despite the apparent ease of tasks, it is important to take your time and conduct an internal dialogue with yourself. Answer the question: why the chosen answer is correct, based on knowledge of concepts.

Task No. 6

Students conducted a study of the motives for educational activities of primary schoolchildren. Find in the list below the methods they used that correspond to the empirical level of scientific knowledge. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. description of observed phenomena
2. putting forward and justifying hypotheses
3. explanation of existing relationships
4. direct observation of individual facts and phenomena
5. fixation of generalizations in the form of laws
6. obtaining quantitative data about the object being studied

Answer: ___________________________.

In task No. 6 they ask about the empirical level of scientific knowledge and its methods. We immediately mentally turn to the generic concept - “science”, recall the structure of scientific knowledge, which includes levels: empirical and theoretical, and classify the methods related to each level. We remember that empirical methods include: observation, description, measurement, classification, systematization, i.e. with their help, it is possible to identify specific properties of the objects being studied, in contrast to the theoretical level, aimed at identifying general trends, laws, etc.

This is how we found the correct answers: 1, 4, 6

Task No. 7

Choose the correct judgments about economic systems and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Private property is the basis of a command (planned) economy.
2. In a traditional economy, the main economic issues are resolved by central government agencies.
3. The main subjects of market relations are economically independent participants in economic life.
4. The incentive for enterprises to operate in a market system is profit.
5. Signs of a market economy include free pricing.

Answer: ___________________________.

Task No. 7 aims us at knowing the characteristics of economic systems as a way of organizing the economic life of society. Knowledge of the distinctive features of traditional, command (planned) or command-administrative, market and mixed economic systems is the basic knowledge of a graduate seeking to get a high score in the exam.

So, let's try. Private property is prerequisite for the existence of a market model of the economic system. We are told in judgment that it is a command economy. This is not true, also because in a command economy state ownership dominates, and the main issues of the economy are decided by the central authorities. This means that the second judgment is also incorrect. The third judgment is correct, since in a market economy each owner has the right to freely and independently dispose of his factors of production.

The fourth and fifth judgments are also correct, since in a market economy the freedom of economic activity of individual entities is aimed at making a profit in a competitive environment and market mechanisms determine the price.

Right answers: 3, 4, 5.

Task No. 8

Establish a correspondence between the examples and types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation (in accordance with the Tax Code of the Russian Federation): for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 8 is related to the graduate’s financial literacy, namely knowledge of the types of taxes and fees in the Russian Federation. The assignment defines the levels of taxes collected: federal, regional and local. When performing this task, it is important to clearly distinguish between types of taxes by level:

Thus, in our task we again use the empirical ranking method: A 3, B 3, C 1, D 3, D 2.

Authors: Vorontsov A.V., Koroleva G.E., Naumov S.A. The textbook covers the most important topics of the social science course: economics, politics and law. In accordance with modern scientific ideas, the authors reveal the features of the operation of the market mechanism and the role of the state in the economy, the fundamentals of political science, the functioning of the state and the development of democracy, the principles of law, the foundations of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation, the rights and freedoms of man and citizen.

Task No. 9

Company Y is a wedding dress sewing studio. Find in the list below examples of variable costs of firm Y in the short run and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. costs of repaying interest on a previously taken loan
2. costs for the purchase of fabrics, threads, accessories
3. costs of paying piecework wages to employees
4. rent for studio premises
5. payment for consumed electricity
6. insurance premiums

Answer: ___________________________.

Completing task No. 9 requires knowledge of the topic “Company” and its key concepts: revenue, costs and profit. The assignment must clearly indicate variable costs firms in the short run, as opposed to fixed costs.

To complete a task without error, you also need to remember that variable costs change when production volume changes.

The company's credit histories will always relate to fixed costs, so the first option is not correct. But the purchase of fabrics, threads, and accessories refers to consumables, which means they are variable costs, as are the payment of piecework wages to workers, in contrast to salaries, which are the company’s fixed costs. Rent, insurance premiums are fixed costs any company. Here's the payment consumed electricity (depending on the volume of work of the company) will be a variable cost.

Right answers: 2, 3, 5 .

Social science. Grade 11. A basic level of. Textbook. Authors: Nikitin A.F., Gribanova G.I., Martyanov D.S. The textbook is included in the educational and methodological complex in social studies for grade 11 (basic level). Corresponds to the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) of secondary (full) general education, included in the Federal List. The textbook examines the most important issues of economics and law. The methodological apparatus of the textbook includes the headings “Thinking, comparing, drawing conclusions”, “Testing our knowledge”, “Researching, designing, discussing, arguing”.

The figure shows the change in the supply of chairs in the corresponding market: supply line S moved to a new position - S 1 . (P – price; Q – quantity.)

Which of the following factors could cause this change? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. increase in the cost of materials for upholstery of chairs
2. increase in wages for workers at enterprises producing chairs
3. reducing the cost of materials for chair frames
4. reduction of taxes levied on furniture manufacturers
5. increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers

Answer: ___________________________.

Task number 10 requires a very careful reading of the question. It is necessary to understand what is being asked about: a change in the quantity of demand or the quantity of supply? In this case, the supply of chairs in the relevant market has changed. By observing the change in the supply curve, we can say that supply has decreased. When completing the task, you need to remember that changes in supply are affected by the cost of factors of production, technology, state tax policy, government support, price expectations, competition, etc.

Therefore, the first answer - an increase in the cost of materials for upholstering chairs will precisely contribute to a decrease in the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. An increase in wages for workers increases the cost of such a factor of production as labor, but at the same time reduces the supply of this product on the market. The answer is correct. The third option should lead to an increase in supply, since a decrease in the cost of raw materials leads to an increase in the supply of goods on the market (in our case, a decrease in the cost of material for the frame). The answer is not correct. Tax cuts will also increase supply. The answer is not correct. But an increase in electricity tariffs for furniture manufacturers will increase variable costs and reduce supply. So, the price increase Supplies, electricity tariffs, and workers' compensation will force the company to either reduce production volumes or increase the cost of goods, which will lead to a decrease in supply on the market.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 11

Choose the correct judgments about social stratification and social mobility and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Horizontal mobility involves moving to a social group located at a different level of the social hierarchy.
2. One of the criteria for differentiating social groups is income.
3. Personal qualities of a person act as a criterion for the social stratification of modern society.
4. Sociologists distinguish between individual and collective mobility.
5. One of the criteria for the social stratification of society is the amount of power.

Answer: ___________________________.

Carrying out task No. 11, we proceed from knowledge of the concepts of “social stratification” and “ social mobility”, criteria for social stratification, types of social mobility.

Horizontal mobility involves moving from one social group to another, located at the same level of the social ladder. Therefore, the first judgment is not correct. Differentiation (separation) of social groups in society occurs according to many criteria, one of which is income. And also the amount of power, education, prestige of the profession. The second and fifth judgments are correct, unlike the third. A person's personal qualities are not a criterion for social stratification. The fourth proposition is correct, since sociologists do distinguish between individual and collective mobility. For example, under the influence of the events of the 1917 revolution, the position of social groups shifted.

Right answers: 2, 4, 5.

During sociological surveys of adult residents of countries Z and Y, they were asked the question: “Which direction of the state’s youth policy do you consider the most important?”

The survey results (as a percentage of the number of respondents) are shown in the diagram.

Find in the list below the conclusions that can be drawn from the diagram and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. The share of those who note the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy public life, politics, in country Z is less than in country Y.
2. Equal shares of respondents in each country believe necessary educational work.
3. In country Z, the opinion about the importance of ensuring access to decision-making in the economy, public life, and politics is less popular than the opinion about the importance of conducting educational work.
4. In country Y, equal shares of respondents note the creation of conditions for self-expression, self-realization of young people and carrying out educational work with them as the most important areas.
5. The share of those who consider it most important to provide social support, in country Z more than in country Y.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 12, you need to carefully read the terms of the sociological survey. In this case, the most important directions of the youth policy of the two countries were clarified. The chart shows data from these countries. Before reading the judgments presented, you should carefully study the diagram yourself. In each country, the leading position was taken by the answer “providing social support.” Further, in country Z, the position “conducting educational work” was in second place, and the minimum position was occupied by the judgment “ensuring access to decision-making...”. In country Y, equally minimal positions were occupied by the judgments “ensuring access to decision-making...” and “creating conditions for self-expression.” After we have independently tried to analyze statistical materials, we try to analyze judgments.

The first judgment is correct, since the chart data demonstrates this position. The second judgment is not correct, since in country Z there are more people who consider “carrying out educational work” important compared to country Y.

The third judgment is correct, and we saw this during our own analysis of the diagram.

The fourth judgment is also correct; we also determined this during the analysis of the diagram and marked these positions as minimally identical.

The fifth proposition is not correct, this is clearly visible in the diagram. The indicators indicate the opposite result.

Right answers: 1, 3, 4.

Task No. 13

Choose the correct judgments about the state and its functions and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Environmental requirements established by the state form the basis of the country's environmental security.
2. The fundamental feature of any type of state is the implementation in it of the principle of separation of powers.
3. The state has a monopoly right to legally use coercion through law enforcement and security forces.
4. TO external functions State definition applies general direction economic policy of the state in accordance with the achieved level of economic development.
5. The state creates a regulatory and organizational basis for the effective and high-quality activities of government bodies.

Answer: ___________________________.

When completing task No. 13, it is important to remember the concept of “state”, its main features, external and internal functions. The first judgment directs us to such a feature of the state as the exclusive right for lawmaking. Therefore, the proposition “environmental requirements established by the state ( lawmaking), form the basis of the environmental security of countries” is correct. The second judgment is not correct, because the principle of separation of powers is implemented in a democratic state, and, therefore, this feature is not fundamental for any type of state.

The third proposition, “the state has the monopoly right to legally use coercion through the forces of law enforcement and security agencies,” essentially takes us to the most important feature of the state – the monopoly legal right to coercion. The fourth judgment is erroneous, since it reflects the most important internal function of the state “determining the general direction of the state’s economic policy.” The fifth judgment combines two features of the state: lawmaking and the system of bodies and mechanisms for exercising public power (we are talking about government bodies). We read: “the state creates normative And organizational basis for efficient and high-quality activities government agencies.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 14

Establish a correspondence between the issues and the subjects of state power of the Russian Federation, to whose jurisdiction these issues relate: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

To correctly complete task No. 14, you must have a good knowledge of the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation and the functionality of all branches of government in the Russian Federation. First, you need to carefully look at which subjects of state power of the Russian Federation are indicated in the task. In our case, they are not named directly, but the levels are indicated: only the federal center and jointly the federal center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Knowledge of the principles of the federal structure of the Russian Federation will come to the rescue. Remember that in a federation the principle of the integrity of the state, the unity of state power, and the division of powers is realized, which is what we are asked about. Previously, we saw the separation of powers when completing a task about taxes. You need to remember what is within the exclusive competence of federal bodies: all issues international relations, defense and security, judicial system, federal property, etc.

The first competence is issues of ownership, use and disposal of land, subsoil, water and other natural resources is jointly managed A 2. Those. This is an issue on which the center and the subjects share responsibility in solving problems. Thus, it would be correct to include “implementation of measures to combat disasters” under the same position. AT 2. Federal funds for regional development implement the fundamentals of federal policy and federal programs, therefore B 1. Positions G and D fall within the exclusive competence of federal bodies, therefore G 1, D 1.

Task No. 15

In the democratic state Z, during the reform of the electoral system for parliamentary elections, a transition was made from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one.

Which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Write down the relevant numbers.

1. free and voluntary participation of citizens in elections
2. granting the right to vote to citizens over 18 years of age, regardless of nationality, gender, professional affiliation, level of education, income
3. secret voting procedure
4. voting in single-member constituencies
5. dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes
6. possibility of nominating independent non-party candidates

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 15 is related to the electoral process. Despite the fact that at the beginning of the question they explain to us the reform, during which there was a transition from a proportional electoral system to a majoritarian one. The essence of the question is not so much about the types of electoral systems and their reform, but about elections in general(topic “Political participation”). We need to remember the basic principles of elections in a democratic state: direct participation of citizens, universal, equal, direct suffrage, secret ballot, voluntary participation.

Accordingly, the first judgment is correct. The second judgment refers us to the principle of equality in suffrage, therefore it is also true. The third judgment is correct; one of the principles is also presented - secret voting.

The fourth judgment goes beyond the question: which of the following remained unchanged during this electoral reform? Voting in single-mandate constituencies sends us to the organization of the electoral process with majoritarian system, in contrast to proportional, where the state acts as a single electoral district. This means that this judgment reflects a change in the electoral process. The answer is not correct in our case. The dependence of the number of deputy mandates received by a party on the number of votes also applies to the proportional electoral system, which is not true for our question. The sixth option also reflects the majoritarian electoral model.

Correct answer: 1, 2, 3 .

Task No. 16

Which of the following applies to the political rights (freedoms) of a citizen of the Russian Federation? Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. holding meetings and rallies
2. appeal to government agencies
3. payment of legally established taxes and fees
4. defense of the Fatherland
5. participation in the management of state affairs through their representatives

Answer: ___________________________.

Question No. 16 again takes us back to the basics of the constitutional system of the Russian Federation. Rights and freedoms of man and citizen. It is important to know four groups of rights and freedoms: personal (civil), political, socio-economic, cultural. Our assignment asks about political rights, which ensure the participation of citizens in the implementation of political power. Therefore, holding meetings and rallies is correct, appealing to government bodies is correct, participation in managing the affairs of the state through one’s representatives is correct. Payment of taxes and fees, protection of the Fatherland are among the constitutional responsibilities of a citizen, as well as compliance with the Constitution and laws of the Russian Federation, concern for the preservation of historical and cultural heritage, care for children and disabled parents.

Right answers: 1, 2, 5 .

Task No. 17

Choose the correct judgments about family law in the Russian Federation and write down numbers, under which they are indicated.

1. Family law regulates property and personal non-property relations between family members.
2. The marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead.
3. Marriage takes place at the civil registry office (registry office).
4. The legal regime for the property of spouses is established only by a marriage contract.
5. Parents are required to provide maintenance for their minor children.

Answer: ___________________________.

Analyzing the materials of assignment No. 17, we highlight the basic concepts and norms related to family law. The first judgment will be correct, as it refers us to article 2 Family Code. The key institution of family law is marriage concluded in the civil registry office (judgment 3), which gives rise to mutual rights and obligations of the spouses. The second judgment confuses us a little; it is known that in connection with the death of one of the spouses, the second spouse needs to come to the registry office to obtain a certificate about his death, and as a consequence of this, dissolution of marriage. Our assignment states: a marriage is suspended due to the civil registry office declaring one of the spouses dead. The answer is not correct. The fourth and fifth options take us to the property rights and responsibilities of spouses. The fifth option is correct, since the wording is at the intersection of constitutional obligations and family law norms: parents are obliged to provide maintenance to their minor children. But the fourth option is erroneous because of its wording: the legal regime of the spouses’ property is established only marriage contract. This is not true because Not only a marriage contract, and also the norms of family law, i.e. legal regime The property of the spouses is regulated by family law and established by the marriage contract.

Right answers: 1, 3, 5 .

Task No. 18

Establish a correspondence between the examples and measures of legal liability in the Russian Federation: for each position given in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.

Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.

Task No. 18 relates to legal liability. When completing the task, it is important to remember the types of legal liability: criminal, administrative, civil and disciplinary. A reprimand is a disciplinary sanction - A 2. A warning refers to a type of administrative penalty - B 3. Dismissal for appropriate reasons (for example, absenteeism, one-time gross violation labor responsibilities, repeated failure by the employee to fulfill labor duties, etc.) – AT 2. Remark – disciplinary action, G 2. Imprisonment - criminal liability for committing a crime - D 1.

Task No. 19

Joint Stock Company "Sweet Charm" produces confectionery products. Find in the list the features that distinguish a joint stock company from other organizational and legal forms of enterprises. Write it down numbers, under which they are indicated.

• division of the company's authorized capital into equal parts, each of which is issued by a security
• mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees
• employees' duty to comply labor discipline
• distribution of profits between employees in accordance with their labor participation
• bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant
• payment of dividends to owners at the end of the year

Answer: ___________________________.

To complete task No. 19, it is necessary to distinguish between the organizational and legal forms of enterprises. In our case, select distinctive features joint stock company. We remember that joint stock companies, like limited liability companies, belong to business companies. This commercial organizations, i.e. the purpose of their activity is to make a profit. The authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. Participants can be citizens legal entities and public legal entities. Therefore, answer option 1 – “dividing the authorized capital of the company into equal parts, each of which is represented by a security” will be correct. It is known that shareholders are not liable for the obligations of a joint-stock company, but bear the risk of losses from the company’s activities within the limits of the value of their shares. Therefore, option 5 – “bearing the risk of losses within the value of the securities owned by the participant” (share – security) will be correct, as well as answer 6 – “payment of dividends to the owners at the end of the year.” 2 and 3 judgments - “mandatory conclusion of an employment contract with employees”, “obligation of employees to observe labor discipline” refer to common places Labor law. But “distribution of profits among workers in accordance with their labor participation” is a characteristic of such an organizational and legal form of an enterprise as a “production cooperative” (artel).

Right answers: 1, 5, 6 .

Task No. 20

Read the text below, in which a number of words are missing. Select from the list provided the words that need to be inserted in place of the gaps.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is _________(A). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: _________ (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people _________ (B), learns and changes the world and himself. The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process of _________ (D).

Personality is defined as special form the existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized by _________(D) to develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all influences of social life, to all experience. This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, and bears _________ (E) for his choice.”

The words in the list are given in nominative case. Each word can only be used one once.

Choose one word after another, mentally filling in each gap. Please note that there are more words in the list than you will need to fill in the blanks.

List of terms:

1. activity
2. intellectual
3. duty
4. everyday
5. responsibility
6. socialization
7. personality
8. pursuit
9. communication

The table below shows the letters representing the missing words. Write down the number of the word you chose in the table under each letter.

When completing task No. 20, I recommend that you first try to read the text and independently substitute words that, in your opinion, are suitable in meaning. This is how a semantic understanding of the content of the text is achieved. And when you read it again, select words from those on the list. You will have a situation of success when the words you selected coincide with those proposed from the list. So, we try to read, inserting words that are close in meaning, then select from those available in the task.

“A person who actively masters and purposefully transforms nature, society and himself is personality (A)(personality is a set of socially significant properties and qualities of a person. Where a personality is formed - in society. What a personality does is transform the world and himself). This is a person with his own socially formed and individually expressed qualities: intellectual (B), emotional-volitional, moral, etc. (in this case, socially significant qualities are listed). Their formation is due to the fact that the individual, together with other people, activities (B) cognizes and changes the world and himself (one of the definitions of activity is the conscious activity of a person, through which a person changes the world around him and changes himself; the process of human interaction with the world around him). The process of this cognition in the course of assimilation and reproduction of social experience is at the same time a process socialization (G).

Personality is defined as a special form of existence and development of social connections, a person’s relationship to the world and with the world, to himself and with himself. It is characterized desire (D) develop, expand the scope of its activities and is open to all the influences of social life, all experiences (again explained through the process of socialization, which lasts throughout a person’s life). This is a person who has his own position in life, who shows independence of thought, carries responsibility (E) for your choice (freedom and responsibility in human life).”

Part 2

Read the text and complete tasks 21–24.

In a broad sense, underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim...

Cyclical unemployment is associated with fluctuations in labor demand. A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up. Seasonal unemployment occurs due to seasonal fluctuations in the demand for labor. It affects those involved in fishing, construction and agriculture. Those who change jobs and those who are not currently employed due to moving from one place to another are called functional (frictional) unemployed. Functional (frictional) unemployment is considered, although inevitable, but still an acceptable consequence of a healthy economy. It can be assumed that even with full employment, wage earners will move from place to place.

The structurally unemployed experience difficulties in obtaining work due to insufficient or becoming insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. Even during periods high level employment among the structural unemployed remains disproportionately high.

Unemployment is not just a lack of work... Although unemployment can be a creative, will-mobilizing experience, most people who go through it report experiencing despair, powerlessness and confusion, especially if they have been out of work for longer than a few weeks. For most people, hired work is the main, and often the only, means of meeting their material needs for food, clothing, and a roof over their heads. Research shows that those who do not like their jobs still prefer to keep it even when given the opportunity to live on other incomes. Although working conditions can cause adverse consequences, lack of work leads to no less problems: increased stress, family conflicts, and addiction to alcohol and drugs.

(K.H. Brier)

When starting to complete tasks on texts 21-24, you should initially read the text very carefully and highlight the main semantic fragments of the text. Work through the text with a pen to ensure maximum absorption of the content. I do not recommend that my students immediately read the question and randomly, during a quick reading, look for answers. Typically, this practice leads to incorrect answers and lower scores on the exam.

Task No. 21

How does the text indicate the effect of a recession on cyclical unemployment? What sectors of the economy, according to the author, are affected by seasonal unemployment? (Indicate all industries mentioned in the text.) How does the author explain the inevitability of functional (frictional) unemployment?

Answer: “A recession is a cyclical decline in business activity that causes people to lose their jobs until demand picks up again and business activity picks up.” Those. labor demand fluctuates.

Task No. 22

It is also better to complete task No. 22 in parts.

Answer: “underemployment is a situation in which the work performed does not require the full use of the individual’s qualifications and professional training, does not meet his expectations and does not allow him to receive the salary that he could have had performing that work (and in that volume) , which I could claim..."

Hypothesize why some workers accept underemployment (make two hypotheses). When completing this assignment, I recommend that students write each guess on a new line.

In our case, we can model the answer using the text. We do not provide examples because this is not specified in the assignment.

Answer: workers agree to part-time work because it is important for a person to feel significant and needed. Even part-time work gives a person a sense of stability, relieves social tension, and gives the opportunity to participate in public life.

Workers agree to part-time work because in a crisis, even such work may be the only source income of their families, protection from social shocks, allows them to preserve their way of life.

Task No. 23

The author notes that “even during periods of high employment levels, disproportionately high unemployment remains among the structurally unemployed.” Using social science knowledge, explain the reason for this level of unemployment among these categories of citizens. Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by law RF.

The author tells us the reasons for high unemployment among the structural unemployed: insufficient or insufficient qualifications, discrimination based on gender, ethnicity, age or disability. But the task also requires the use of social science knowledge. We recall that from the social studies course we know that structural unemployment is associated with the inability to employ people in certain professions and the discrepancy between supply and demand in the labor market.

Answer: A high level of structural unemployment, even during periods of high employment in the country, is usually associated with changes in production technologies and scientific and technological progress. Those. people of certain professions are no longer in demand in the labor market (examples are not required in the task, only an explanation of the problem).

Name any two measures to prevent discrimination against the categories of citizens indicated by the author, provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation. In this case, we are asked to turn to the norms of the Labor Law of the Russian Federation, since it regulates relations in the field of hired labor.

Answer: The Labor Code of the Russian Federation contains prohibitions on discrimination:

1. citizens of the Russian Federation have equal opportunities for employees to be promoted at work, taking into account labor productivity, qualifications and work experience in their specialty, as well as for training and additional professional education;
2. restrictions are prohibited labor rights or receiving advantages depending on gender, race, skin color, nationality, language, origin, property, family, social and official status, age, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership or non-membership of public associations or any social groups, as well as from other circumstances not related to the employee’s business qualities.

The guarantee of non-discrimination of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation provides for the right of a person who considers himself discriminated against in the sphere of labor to apply to the court for the restoration of violated rights, compensation for material damage and compensation for moral damage.

Task No. 24

Why, according to the author, does unemployment cause a state of despair and confusion in a person? Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested.

Using social science knowledge and facts of social life, make two assumptions about how the mobilizing effect of the unemployed state on a person is manifested (in this case, we must give examples, because the question says “facts of social life”).

1. Unemployment provides an incentive for retraining if the profession is in little demand in the labor market. A break in employment for retraining and improving the level of education. Citizen N, after registering with the Employment Center, was sent for vocational training as an electric and gas welder.
2. Unemployment provides an opportunity for self-employment. For example, after dismissal from his main job when an enterprise in Moscow was closed, citizen N moved to the Moscow region, submitted documents to the Moscow Employment Center, where he received advice on opening a farm, assistance in drawing up a business plan and one-time financial assistance.

Task No. 25

What meaning do social scientists give to the concept of “art”? Drawing on the knowledge of the social science course, compose two sentences: one sentence containing information about the types of art, and one sentence revealing the essence of the educational function of art.

Task No. 25 can be successfully completed only if you know the basic concepts of the course. Art is a form of culture that reflects the surrounding reality in artistic images. An artistic image can be expressed in different types arts: music, painting, architecture, sculpture, literature. Works of art have a great influence on the formation of a person’s personality.

Task No. 26

Name and illustrate with examples any three main responsibilities of an employer as enshrined in Labor Code RF.

In task No. 26, it is necessary to name and illustrate examples of any three main responsibilities of the employer enshrined in the Labor Code:

1. Ensure safety and working conditions in accordance with labor protection standards. At enterprise N, in order to improve the working conditions of workers, training sessions were held on injury prevention,
2. Pay wages in full on time. For delaying payment of wages, the management of enterprise Y was held accountable in the form of being forced to pay employees interest in addition to their wages.
3. Implement compulsory social insurance for employees. In the employment contract signed by citizen N with the company, a clause on mandatory social insurance citizen N.

Task No. 27

A new political party was registered in State Z. It has central governing bodies and regional branches. The party proclaims as its basic principles traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, and society over the interests of the individual. During the elections, the political party gained required amount votes and won seats in parliament. Define the type political party depending on her ideological affiliation. Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion. Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

• the party is registered;
• central government bodies and regional branches (a sign indicating a mass party);
• basic principles: traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual (a sign indicating ideological affiliation - conservative);
• entered parliament after the elections (participates in government - a sign indicating the ruling party);

Now the questions: Determine the type of political party depending on its ideological affiliation.

Answer: Conservative Party.

Give the fact that allowed you to draw this conclusion.

Answer: Because it defends the principles of tradition and stability of development (traditionalism, stability, order, as well as the priority of the interests of the state, nation, society over the interests of the individual).

Name any two other types of parties distinguished by this criterion, and briefly describe any one of them.

Answer: According to their ideological orientation, liberal and socialist parties can be distinguished. Signs of the liberal party: inalienability of natural human rights, their priority over the interests of society and the state, political pluralism, free market economy.

Task No. 28

You are instructed to prepare a detailed answer on the topic “Types of families.” Make a plan according to which you will cover this topic. The plan must contain at least three points, of which two or more are detailed in subparagraphs.

To write a plan for any social science topic, you must clearly understand the structure of studying the topic. Essentially, this task tests students' understanding of the structure of the topic. Therefore, writing a plan depends on the quality of assimilation of the topic material and understanding of its structure. In this case, the topic of the plan is “Types of families.”

1. The concept of family as a small group based on marriage or consanguinity.
2. Family functions (may not be indicated in this version of the plan)
3. Types of families according to the nature of relationships between members:
1. Traditional (patriarchal family), its features:
   A) cohabitation of several generations;
   B) male supremacy;
   C) economic dependence of family members on men;
   D) strict distribution of responsibilities
2. Partner (democratic) family:
   A) nuclearity;
   B) decision-making by all family members;
   C) women’s economic independence;
   D) fair distribution of household responsibilities
4. Types of families in relation to raising children:
1. Authoritarian;
2. Democratic;
3. Liberal (permissive)
4. Modern tendencies in family development

Task 29

Select one from the statements proposed below, reveal its meaning in the form of a mini-essay, indicating, if necessary, different aspects of the problem posed by the author (the topic raised).

When expressing your thoughts about the raised problem (designated topic), when arguing your point of view, use knowledge received while studying a social studies course, corresponding concepts, and data public life and one's own life experience.

(Give at least two examples from different sources for factual argumentation.)

29.1. Philosophy. “The privilege of fish, rats and wolves is to live by the law of supply and demand; the law of human life is justice.” (D. Ruskin)

29.2. Economy. “The types of businesses are different, but the business as a system remains the same regardless of its scale and structure, products, technologies and markets.” (P. Drucker)

29.3. Sociology, social psychology. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

29.4. Political science. “The supreme power is worthy of veneration only insofar as it is the means of securing human rights.” (A. Custine)

29.5. Jurisprudence. “Protection of rights is a duty to society. He who defends his own right defends the right in general.” (R. Iering)

Exercise 29. 3. “We need schools that not only teach, which is extremely important, that’s the most important thing, but schools that nurture the individual.” (V.V. Putin)

When writing an essay, first of all, it is necessary to clearly understand the sphere of society to which the chosen topic relates. You should carefully read the proposed topics, analyze your “baggage of knowledge”, understand which of the topics you have clearer theoretical ideas on, which of the topics you can give the best examples that reveal the content of the topic.

In this case, we chose a topic from the section sociology, social psychology. We understand that a problem immediately arises modern school, education systems. The eternal question: the tasks of education, training and education, what is more important? The issue of socialization is also touched upon - “schools that educate the individual.” I note that we cannot go into the concept of the topic of the spiritual sphere of society here, because we are writing an essay from another section. So, let's try to write.

What social order should the school fulfill - to give students only a high level of education? Or fulfill an equally important mission – personal development?

As is known from the course of social studies, education is a way of personality development through people’s acquisition of knowledge, acquisition of skills and abilities, development of creative abilities through a system of social institutions, the most important of which is school.

When we talk about a school as an institution that provides education, we understand that we are talking about a social institution that has a number of elements: these are educational standards and programs, operating principles, which include a network educational institutions and governing bodies.

To improve the quality of education, the state is taking a number of measures: lengthening the duration of training, increasing the requirements for the level of qualifications of teachers, using variability educational programs, individual educational trajectories for students are built, schools are equipped with modern equipment, and new forms of final certification are introduced.

As a result, we see school graduates demonstrating high scores on the Unified State Examination, which gives them the opportunity to take budget places in leading universities in the capital. According to the results of international studies presented by the Higher School of Economics, in which 49 countries took part, Russian primary school students occupy leading positions in the world in reading, mathematics and science. And also 8th grade math. According to researchers, this result was achieved thanks to the introduction of new educational standards and a unified state certification system.

But are educational results enough for society and individuals? The author of the quote clearly points us to the most important component of the educational process: the education of a person’s personality.

Based on the functions of education: economic, social and cultural, it becomes clear that it is in the cultural function - the use of previously accumulated culture for the purpose of educating a person and developing his creative abilities - that this problem manifests itself.

In addition to lessons, grades, exams, there is also a school life rich in events: class hours, school festivals, hikes, joint trips with classmates around Russia and to other countries.

In all this, the student learns to interact with other people, demonstrates his abilities and talents. It is in this atmosphere that it is realized social function education. Through the socialization of the individual, assimilation social norms, statuses and roles.

As an example, we can cite our favorite film from childhood, “Eccentric from 5 B,” which vividly demonstrates how the school community and class shape Bori’s personality. How he learns responsibility when he is assigned as a 1st grade counselor.

Thus, V.V. In his statement, Putin once again emphasized the importance of society and school understanding the inseparability of the two most important processes associated with the socialization of the individual – education and upbringing.”

The Unified State Exam in social studies consists of two parts, which in total contain 29 tasks.

First part contains 20 tasks with short answer.

The answer to the tasks of the first part is given by the corresponding entry in the form of a word or phrase or a sequence of numbers written without spaces or separating characters.

Tasks 1–3 – basic-level conceptual tasks – are aimed at testing knowledge and understanding of the biosocial essence of a person, the main stages and factors of personal socialization, patterns and trends in the development of society, basic social institutions and processes.

Tasks 4–19 of basic and advanced levels are aimed at testing the development of skills:

• characterize from a scientific point of view, the main social objects (facts, phenomena, processes, institutions), their place and significance in the life of society as an integral system
• search social information presented in various sign systems(text, diagram, table, diagram)
• apply socio-economic and humanitarian knowledge in the process of solving cognitive problems on current social problems

The tasks in this group represent the traditional five thematic modules of the social science course:

1. man and society, including knowledge and spiritual culture (tasks 4–6)
2. economics (tasks 7–10)
3. social relations (tasks 11, 12)
4. politics (tasks 13–15)
5. law (tasks 16–19)

Second part contains 9 tasks with detailed answers.

In the tasks of the second part, the answer is formulated and written down by the examinee independently in a detailed form. The tasks of this part of the work are aimed at identifying graduates with the highest level of social science training.

The tasks of the second part (21–29) together represent the basic social sciences that form the social science course in high school (social philosophy, economics, sociology, political science, social psychology, jurisprudence.

Distribution of tasks by parts of the examination paper

Parts of the work	Number of tasks	Maximum primary score	Type of tasks
1 part	20	35	Short answer
part 2	9	27	Detailed response
Total	19	62

Time

The examination work is allotted 3 hours 55 minutes.
Recommended time to complete various tasks:

• for each of tasks 1–3, 10: 1–4 minutes
• for each of tasks 4–9, 11–28: 2–8 minutes
• for task 29: 45 minutes

Social studies OGE

Second part. Long answer questions

Each of the six assignments in this unit tests a specific skill in a different social studies course content. There are some general rules:

2. It is important to pay attention not only to the fact that need to be named(indicate, formulate, etc.): characteristic, (features, arguments, examples, etc.) but also define how many of these elements must be given (one, two, three, etc.).

3. There is a clear dependence of points on the completeness of the answer. The answer may be correct, but not complete. In this case, it will be impossible to get the maximum score.

First task for the text (No. 26 in progress) requires drawing up an outline of the text, highlighting its main semantic fragments and titling each of them. To complete this task, you must carefully read the text, understand its content, and identify the main ideas. It is very important to understand that the names of the plan points should not completely reproduce individual phrases of the text; you need to briefly formulate the main idea of ​​each fragment yourself. At the same time, the number of selected fragments may be different - the assessment system does not set a specific number of points in the plan. But at the same time, you need to understand that there must be a certain logic in breaking the text into semantic fragments (micro-topics) - it is on the basis of its understanding that the expert checking the work can conclude that the main semantic fragments have been identified.

Second task to the text (No. 27 in progress) involves retrieving information presented explicitly. The required information can be given in the form of a direct quotation from the text, and length and detail can be omitted and only a recognizable fragment of the phrase can be given. Information can be given in the form of a retelling close to the text. Both of these options for completing the task are equal.

Third task to the text (No. 28 in work) involves the extraction and some interpretation of information presented in the text.

The fourth task for the text (No. 29 in progress) involves going beyond the content of the text and involving contextual knowledge of the social science course, facts of social life or the personal social experience of the graduate. Requirements for completing the task: Firstly, accuracy and correctness of the given facts ( social facts or models of social situations), their compliance with the theoretical principles given in the task; Secondly, the presence of reasoning that specifies the essence of the theoretical position given in the assignment, the logical and substantive correctness of these reasoning; Thirdly, correctness of reflection of various types of connections in reasoning and facts.

Fifth task to the text (No. 30 in progress)– a task, which, as a rule, has an independent detailed condition, tests a whole range of skills: to correlate individual facts and social processes, to apply knowledge of a social science course, to supplement course knowledge with information to solve a problem, etc.

Sixth task to the text (No. 31 in progress) involves the graduate’s formulation and argumentation of his own judgment on a current problematic issue of social life. This task is directly related to the content of the text, but it requires viewing the text from a different perspective.

Read the text and complete tasks 26–31.

We are entering a century in which education, knowledge, and professional skills will play a decisive role in a person’s destiny. Without knowledge, by the way, which is becoming more and more complex, it will simply be impossible to work, to be useful... A person will introduce new ideas, think about things that a machine cannot think about. And for this, a person’s general intelligence will be increasingly needed, his ability to create new things and, of course, moral responsibility, which a machine cannot bear... a person will have the most difficult and complex task of being not just a person, but a person of science, a person morally responsible for everything that happens in the age of machines and robots. General education can create a person of the future, a creative person, a creator of everything new and morally responsible for everything that will be created.

Learning is what a young man now needs from a very young age. You always need to learn. Until the end of their lives, all the major scientists not only taught, but also studied. If you stop learning, you won’t be able to teach. For knowledge is growing and becoming more complex. We must remember that the most favorable time for learning is youth. It is in youth, in childhood, in adolescence, in adolescence, that the human mind is most receptive.

Know not to waste time on trifles, on “rest”, which sometimes tires more than the hardest work, do not fill your bright mind with muddy streams of stupid and aimless “information”. Take care of yourself for learning, for acquiring knowledge and skills that only in your youth you will master easily and quickly.

And here I hear the young man’s heavy sigh: what a boring life you offer our youth! Just study. Where is the rest and entertainment? So why shouldn’t we rejoice?

No. Acquiring skills and knowledge is the same sport. Teaching is difficult when we do not know how to find joy in it. We must love to study and choose smart forms of recreation and entertainment that can also teach us something, develop in us some abilities that we will need in life...

Learn to love learning!

(D.S. Likhachev)

№ 26. Make a plan for the text. To do this, highlight the main semantic fragments of the text and title each of them.

№ 29. What forms of recreation and entertainment does the author recommend for young people? Give two examples of such forms; In each case, indicate what qualities this form develops.

happening in the age of machines and robots.” Using text and social science

knowledge, give two explanations for this idea.

№ 31. The author believes that “you always need to learn.” Using the text and social science knowledge, confirm with two arguments (explanations) the need for continuous education throughout a person’s life.

Argument = fact + judgment (because or since)

The social studies workshop is aimed at preparing secondary school students to successfully pass the Unified state exam. The manual contains detailed analysis all types of tasks of part 2, several dozen tasks of a high level of complexity for practicing each type of task, as well as recommendations for completing tasks of a high level of complexity, analysis of common mistakes, answers and evaluation criteria for tasks of part 2. The book is intended for teachers, parents, tutors, as well as high school students for self-study to the Unified State Exam. By Order No. 699 of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, textbooks from the Ekzamen publishing house are approved for use in general education organizations.

Tasks for working with text.
Tasks for working with texts containing social information occupy a fairly significant place at the Unified State Exam in Social Studies.
From a formal point of view, it is determined by high “weight” of this type assignments in the final grade awarded for the examination work as a whole. For an excellent answer, a graduate (and applicant) can receive ten points. From the point of view of the content of social science education and the requirements for the knowledge and skills of graduates, these tasks are focused on identifying such complex skills as:

Obtaining and critically understanding social information, analyzing and systematizing the data obtained;
- analysis of current information about social objects;
- explanation of cause-and-effect and functional connections of social objects;
- search for social information presented in various sign systems;
- extracting knowledge on given topics from original texts (legal, popular science, journalistic, etc.);
- systematization and generalization of disordered social information, distinguishing between facts and opinions, arguments and conclusions;
- formulating one’s own judgments on certain problems.
Tasks for working with texts are thus complex in their very essence.

Content
Preface
Features of tasks of part 2
Tasks for working with text (21-24)
Characteristics of texts
Characteristics of tasks
Common mistakes
Test yourself
How to work with text in an exam
Training tasks
Disclosure of the meaning of a concept and its application in a given context (25)
Purpose of the task and assessment criteria
Common mistakes
Tips and tricks
Training tasks
Tasks to specify theoretical positions (26)
Tasks-tasks (27)
Training tasks
Planning tasks (28)
Features of drawing up a plan on the proposed topic
Training tasks
Task 29
Social science essay: specifics of the task
Examples and comments.

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• Unified State Exam 2019, Social studies, Simulator, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Korolkova E.S., Rutkovskaya E.L., 2019
• Unified State Exam 2019, Social studies, 40 options, Typical test tasks, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Koval T.V., Rutkovskaya E.L.
• Unified State Exam 2019, Social Science, Task Bank, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Korolkova E.S., Rutkovskaya E.L.
• Unified State Exam 2019, Social studies, Thematic simulator, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Korolkova E.S., Rutkovskaya E.L.

The following textbooks and books:

• Unified State Exam 2017, Social studies, 35 variants of standard test tasks, Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L., Korolkova E.S., Koval T.V.

Unified State Exam 2017. Social studies. Workshop. Part 2 tasks. Lazebnikova A.Yu., Rutkovskaya E.L.

M.: 2017. - 96 p.

The social studies workshop is aimed at preparing secondary school students to successfully pass the Unified State Exam. The manual contains a detailed analysis of all types of tasks of part 2, several dozen tasks of a high level of complexity for practicing each type of task, as well as recommendations for completing tasks of a high level of complexity, analysis of common mistakes, answers and evaluation criteria for tasks of part 2. The book is intended for teachers, parents, tutors, as well as high school students for independent preparation for the Unified State Exam.

Format: pdf

Size: 1.5 MB

Watch, download:drive.google

Content
Preface 4
Features of tasks of part 2 6
Tasks for working with text (21-24) 10
Characteristics of texts 10
Characteristics of tasks 13
Common mistakes 22
Test yourself 27
How to work with text on exam 37
Training tasks 38
Disclosure of the meaning of a concept and its application in a given context (25) 46
Purpose of the task and assessment criteria 46
Common mistakes 49
Tips and tricks 51
Training tasks „ 53
Tasks to specify theoretical positions (26) 54
Tasks-tasks (27) 59
Training tasks 70
Tasks for drawing up a plan (28) 75
Features of drawing up a plan for the proposed topic 75
Training tasks 77
Task 29 83
Social science essay: specifics of task 83
Examples and comments 91

Part 2 is the most difficult part of the Unified State Exam in Social Studies. It contains tasks with detailed, freely formulated answers, mostly of high complexity. The exception is tasks for texts 21 and 22, the purpose of which is to test not so much the level of students’ knowledge, but rather their ability to extract information from the presented text. At the same time, these tasks provide assistance in comprehending the text and its subsequent analysis.
High-level tasks 23-29 are designed to test the breadth and depth of students’ mastery of social science material and identify the level of their intellectual skills. These tasks require the ability to provide arguments, facts, examples to substantiate a particular theoretical position, formulate one’s own point of view, and connect theoretical knowledge with specific opinions and social situations. These same tasks also provide for identifying students’ general erudition, the ability to use contextual knowledge, as well as knowledge of related humanities: history, literature, geography.
The work ends with task 29 - a mini-essay (essay) on one of five topics, presented in the form of an aphoristic statement. Each essay topic relates to one of the six basic sciences of the social studies course: philosophy, economics, sociology, and social psychology, political science or jurisprudence. While completing this task, the examinee selects a topic statement. Having chosen a topic, the graduate can demonstrate his knowledge and skills in the content of the social science course that is most attractive to him.