The main idea of the story in people is bitter. Analysis of the work review (Gorky Maxim). Other retellings and reviews for the reader's diary

1) Maxim Gorky is the literary pseudonym of Alexander Maksimovich Peshkov, who was also mentioned under the pseudonym Yehudiel Khlamida. Alexander Maksimovich Peshkov was born on March 16, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod, and later became a famous Russian writer, prose writer and playwright. Died June 14, 1936.

2) "In People" - one of the parts of Maxim Gorky's autobiographical trilogy, which was written in 1916. This story tells about the life of Maxim Gorky, starting from the age of eleven. At first it seems that the book is purely biographical, but if you start to delve into the essence of the work, you begin to mentally evaluate the characters. Therefore, the name "In People" was not chosen in vain, it gives a hint that when reading this work, one must first of all pay attention to the psychological portrait of each character that the author draws (describes).

3) aphorisms:

You can't feed death with snacks, you can't fool it, no

in the presence of character - the school educates well

fun life science is not hard for the simple

people should be pitied, everyone is unhappy, it's hard for everyone

Updated: 2014-07-24

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The work "Former People" was published in 1897. The basis for writing this essay was the life situation that forced the young Gorky to live in a rooming house. The author conveys to the reader the life of people "former people" who are probably experiencing their last period in life and perhaps it will be the last.

In this work, you can not find the autobiography of the characters or individual moments from life. Here the author tries not to make it clear to the reader that he was present there. Gorky is not the hero of the work, neither a listener nor an eyewitness. If we compare the early works of Maxim Gorky, it is clearly seen that "Former People" is more reality than romance.

The author, as before, prefers the depiction of ordinary people, but the fact that he moves away from romance and resorts to reality gives definitely positive moments. After all, it is only truthfully possible to convey to people the difference between strong and weaker people, as well as those who have fallen and humiliated.

Previously, Gorky focused the reader's attention on the nature of the character, his beauty, inner world, but in this work the opposite is true. The author notices only the worst character traits, emphasizes all the meanest in a person, and this also applies to the environment where the action takes place.

Omitting all the romantic features, the author fully reveals the essence of the "Russian tramp". Such a person is very weak and cannot change anything in his life. There is nothing in such people that can help them fight for a better life, but they can only go and drink what they have earned on this day and return to a miserable existence again.

The author highlights the fact that he still failed to fully convey the image of the "Russian tramp". Gorky considers the most terrible thing about the fate of these people is their complete indifference to what is happening, to their fate, to their current life. People deny their place on the so-called "bottom", but at the same time they do not try to do anything for a better existence.

The author relies on the struggle of fallen people with their reality. Gorky most truthfully revealed all the facets in the life of "former people", who, most likely, will never return to normal life. The characters are not inclined to change in the other direction, for the better until they are free, and a free person in the author's concept is one who truthfully looks at what is happening and tries to overcome all troubles and obstacles.

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Among the series of countless chapters and events, it is sometimes difficult to single out the only thing for which the work was written. Not everyone fully understands that dialogues, characters and events, although they are key factors in the narrative, cannot in themselves be the answer to the question: “What was this work about?”.

This is especially true in the works of the famous Russian writer Maxim Gorkov, not for nothing that his stories and novels are studied exclusively in high school. The story "In People" is no exception to this list.

The analysis of this work causes difficulties for many people, and sometimes it becomes very difficult for them to explain: “What, in fact, was this story about?”.

The work “In People” throughout all the chapters tells about the fate of an early orphaned child who had to work “in people” all his childhood away from home and family. He now and then had to do the dirtiest and most difficult work in order to somehow feed himself.

He saw a lot of dirt and injustice of the world on his way, and only books that he read in rare moments of leisure could save him from the gloom of what is happening around and give him the strength to wake up every new morning.

The end of this story is open, but gives hope for a better future: after long wanderings, Alyosha decides to get out of the "swamp" surrounding him and makes a fateful decision to go to college in a big city.

What does this story tell between the lines? There are actually quite a few topics, but a number of the main ones stand out clearly. Firstly, this, of course, is the theme of the deep depravity of the society of that era. This is evidenced by many episodes in the life of an orphan. These are also memories of a Cossack who tricked a certain woman out of the house, after which he severely beat and raped her. These are stories about the family of the owner, in whose house Alyosha worked.

Tales of men and women who were languishing with boredom and whose sole purpose was food and sleep. As a child, Alyosha was almost the only character who could read. A small child looked around, but saw only half of people with rotten souls, capable only of violence, deceit and betrayal. Alyosha's rare meetings with really good people were extremely rare.

The second theme smoothly follows from the first one: the theme of early maturing of children and their moral upbringing. Maxim Gorky repeatedly emphasized that at the age of 13-15 the main character felt almost like a flabby old man, tired of life. In the conditions of life in which poor children found themselves, they had no chance of remaining children.

They grew up too fast, became smart and sad beyond their years. But the Author retains a certain optimism. On the example of the protagonist, he shows that such difficult living conditions for strong people become not only not fatal, but also save them. After all, difficulties only tempered Alyosha's soul and character, made him a truly strong and kind person, able to overcome any hardships of life.

The third theme is the theme of the role of books in a child's life. Think about what has kept Alyosha afloat all these years? Did it not let you give up, forced you to go forward, made him really wise in his thoughts and decisions and helped in the end not to merge with the withering crowd? Helped get out of the vicious circle? Yes, they were books. Books in which the characters were brave and smart were the right example for Alyosha. Books that taught him to think made it possible to go to college. They played a really huge role in Alyosha's life.

So what is M. Gorky's story "In People" about? It is about the impoverishment and ugliness of society, which, in boredom and ignorance, has lost its human appearance. It is about the early maturation of children that face non-childish difficulties and the moral education of such children. In the end, it is about the invaluable contribution of books to the life and improvement of not only the child, but every single person.

When a child is no longer a child, but still far from adulthood, it was customary to call him a child in Rus'. Thus, the period of adolescence began at the age of ten or eleven. However, Maxim Gorky called his story, dedicated to the biography of the teenager Alyosha Peshkov, who remained an orphan by the age of eleven, in a completely different way - “In People”. Such a name speaks volumes: to be "in people" meant to live with completely strangers, earning a living, sometimes with very hard work.

Indeed, after Alyosha Peshkov’s mother died, and even earlier, his father, the teenager’s grandfather, Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin, died of cholera, said that he was not going to feed his grandson and sent him to the shoe store as a “boy”. Alyosha's duties included meeting customers, but he had to work more at home: he swept the floor, washed dishes, and put on a samovar. He had to get up early in the morning with the cook, and go to bed very late. Anguish seized the boy when he went to bed in the evening. The situation was aggravated by cousin Sasha, who felt his superiority in age. He pushed Alyosha around, threatened with witchcraft - as a result, the boy was ready to run wherever his eyes looked, but due to an accident (he knocked over hot soup on his hands) he ended up in the hospital, and then with his grandmother.

However, a return to his former life did not work out: many of his old friends died or left the city, Alyosha had already grown out of childish games, so his love of reading saved him. Grandmother introduced him to folklore, revealed the beauty of his native language. Thanks to her, he fell in love with nature and went to the forest with pleasure, watching how his grandmother talked with herbs and all living things around.

With the onset of cold weather, Alexei again had to go "to people", because he could no longer earn a living by catching birds, as in summer. But no matter where he ended up - in a shoe store, in a drawing workshop - only hard, "black" work was waiting for him, and there was no opportunity to study.

A teenager got a lot of life experience, accidentally finding himself a worker on a steamer. He witnessed human meanness and weakness, saw drunkenness and depravity, and was tormented by the realization that in life people are not at all like those described in books. There are no heroes, but only cowards and scoundrels.

But there were still those who left a mark on the soul of the boy. Once a Good Deed first pushed him to a book, later Alyosha took books from educated women, one of which shocked the hero's imagination the most. She was a beautiful and proud woman, surrounded by the attention of men, but clearly suffering from inner loneliness. Alyosha called her Queen Margot. It was she who instilled in him a taste for good reading, gave him the opportunity to read the Russian classics, to fall in love with the poetry of Pushkin, Tyutchev, Odoevsky: she believed that you need to read Russian books in order to know Russian life. Alyosha experienced his first true love for Queen Margo.

However, he had to continue his difficult journey "in people." Fate even brought him to an icon-painting workshop, where he faced injustice: he saw how old people were robbed, buying old books and icons for next to nothing. In the evenings, Alyosha read aloud to the craftsmen who had gathered to rest after work. Only now it was not easy to get books - sometimes you had to beg for them as alms. At the same time, the teenager heard the expression “forbidden books” from people more than once, the meaning of which he could not yet understand.

Having accidentally met his former owner, Alyosha agreed to become a "foreman" - an overseer of the workers who restored the malls at the fair after the flood. He, a teenager, had a hard time, because the workers openly laughed at his youth and did not really listen. Alyosha, at the age of 15, it seemed that he was already an elderly person, and everyone around was strangers. Most recently, he was going to leave for Astrakhan, and from there to flee to Persia, but he did not do this, and time was lost.

Loitering around the city, the grown-up Alexei saw a lot of abomination in human life, realizing that a few more years, and he himself would become like that if he did not break out of this provincial "swamp". Fortunately for him, Nikolai Evreinov, a high school student living nearby, persuaded Alyosha to go to Kazan in order to prepare for university admission. Thus ends this important era of growing up for every person.

Drawing a terrible life, the “lead abominations” of the life of the urban lower classes, Gorky shows how the preaching of patience, which was widespread at that time, was overcome in the mind of a teenager, how the will of him and his peers was tempered and the desire to resist evil and violence strengthened. The writer reproduces with psychological accuracy the desire of a boy, and then a young man, for a “beautiful, cheerful, honest” life.

Of course, the story's autobiography is obvious: Gorky wrote about his own fate. But he sincerely considered his biography typical of representatives of the lower classes. However, the writer entrusts his hero with contact with the era, although the burden of historical responsibility for everything that the reader sees in his fate falls on the shoulders of the hero. So Maxim Gorky was one of the first to show the conflict between man and era. In works written in Soviet times, but remaining outside the scope of official literature, such a conflict will become the main one, as in B. Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" or in A. Platonov's story "Doubtful Makar".

When a child is no longer a child, but still far from adulthood, it was customary to call him a child in Rus'. Thus, the period of adolescence began at the age of ten or eleven. However, Maxim Gorky called his story, dedicated to the biography of the teenager Alyosha Peshkov, who remained an orphan at the age of eleven, in a completely different way - "In people". This name says a lot: to be "in people" meant living with complete strangers, sometimes earning a living by very hard work.

Indeed, after Alyosha Peshkov’s mother died, and even earlier, his father, the teenager’s grandfather, Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin, died of cholera, said that he was not going to feed his grandson and sent him to a shoe store "boy". Alyosha's duties included meeting customers, but he had to work more at home: he swept the floor, washed dishes, and put on a samovar. He had to get up early in the morning with the cook, and go to bed very late. Anguish seized the boy when he went to bed in the evening. The situation was aggravated by cousin Sasha, who felt his superiority in age. He pushed Alyosha around, threatened with witchcraft - as a result, the boy was ready to run wherever his eyes looked, but due to an accident (he knocked over hot soup on his hands) he ended up in the hospital, and then with his grandmother.

With the onset of cold weather, Alexei again had to go "to the people", because he could no longer make a living by catching birds, as in the summer. But wherever he ended up - in a shoe store, in a drawing workshop - only a heavy, "black" work, and the opportunity to study was not provided.

However, he had to continue his hard way "in people". Fate even brought him to an icon-painting workshop, where he faced injustice: he saw how old people were robbed, buying old books and icons for next to nothing. In the evenings, Alyosha read aloud to the craftsmen who had gathered to rest after work. Only now it was not easy to get books - sometimes you had to beg for them as alms. At the same time, more than once the teenager heard from people the expression "forbidden books", the meaning of which I could not yet understand.

Having accidentally met his former master, Alyosha agreed to become "foreman"- an overseer of the workers who restored the malls at the fair after the flood. He, a teenager, had a hard time, because the workers openly laughed at his youth and did not really listen. Alyosha, at the age of 15, it seemed that he was already an elderly person, and everyone around was strangers. Most recently, he was going to leave for Astrakhan, and from there to flee to Persia, but he did not do this, and time was lost.

Loitering around the city, the grown-up Alexei saw a lot of abomination in human life, realizing that a few more years, and he himself would become like that if he didn’t break out of this provincial "bogs". Fortunately for him, Nikolai Evreinov, a high school student living nearby, persuaded Alyosha to go to Kazan in order to prepare for university admission. Thus ends this important era of growing up for every person.

Drawing a terrible life "lead abominations" life of the urban lower classes, Gorky shows how the preaching of patience, which was widespread at that time, was overcome in the mind of a teenager, how the will of him and his peers was tempered and the desire to resist evil and violence grew stronger. The writer with psychological accuracy reproduces the desire of the boy, and then the young man to "beautiful, cheerful, honest" life.

Certainly, autobiography story is obvious: Gorky wrote about his fate. But he sincerely considered his biography typical of representatives of the lower classes. However, the writer entrusts his hero with contact with the era, although the burden of historical responsibility for everything that the reader sees in his fate falls on the shoulders of the hero. So Maxim Gorky was one of the first to show the conflict between man and era. In works written in Soviet times, but remaining outside the scope of official literature, such a conflict will become the main one, as in B. Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" or in A. Platonov's story "Doubtful Makar".