27. Psychological features of sensation and perception. Types of sensations and perceptions. Patterns of sensations. properties of perception. visual illusions.
Feeling- this is an elementary mental process of reflecting the individual properties of the surrounding reality and the internal states of the body with the direct impact of stimuli on the senses. Difference between sensation and perception: Sensations reflect individual properties, and not phenomena and objects, as in perception . Sensation is a reflection of not only properties from the external environment, but also states from the internal environment, and perception reflects the properties of only the external world around us.
Thus, external phenomena, acting on our senses, cause a subjective effect in the form of sensations without any counter activity of the subject in relation to the perceived impact. The ability to feel is given to all living beings with a nervous system from birth. Only man and higher animals are endowed with the ability to perceive the world in the form of images., it develops and improves in their life experience.
Feeling functions:Cognitive - those. sensations act as channels through which we are connected with the outside world . Energy - It consists in the fact that due to the sensations the necessary level of wakefulness is maintained. Educational - is closely associated with the cognitive function and consists in the fact that the influx of sensations is necessarily necessary for normal mental development, it is especially dangerous if sensations do not arrive during sensitive periods of life (periods favorable for the development of a particular mental function - at 1 year, 3 years, 13 -14 years old).
The range of human sensations is strongly related to the way of life and the state of the body.
Classification of sensations: Exteroceptive - sensations from outside, contact and distant. Interoceptive- irritants from the internal environment, which we are sometimes not even aware of. proprioceptive- sensations from our musculoskeletal system.
Kinds: visual auditory, gustatory, tactile, organic. Patterns of feeling: 1) there is a min. (lower threshold) and max. (upper threshold of sensations); 2) The presence of a difference threshold; 3) Adaptation (this is a change in the sensory analyzer under the influence of prolonged exposure to an irritant); 4) Sensitization (the mutual influence of the stimulus of one receptor on the work of another). Sensations do not arise immediately after the onset of the stimulus: there is a very short period of time when the stimulus is active, but there are no sensations. Sensation always has spatial localization . Adaptation to sensations. The interaction of sensations occurs when the presence of one sensation affects another. A special form of interaction of sensations is synesthesia, i.e. under the influence of sensations of one modality, sensations of another modality appear.
Perception - this is a holistic reflection in the mind of a person of objects and phenomena that directly affect his senses as a whole, and not their individual properties, as happens during sensation. Perception is a reflection of a complex stimulus. There are four levels of perceptual action: detection, discrimination, identification and recognition. The first two relate to perceptual, the last - to identification actions. Detection- the initial phase of development of any sensory process. At this stage, the subject can only answer the simple question of whether there is a stimulus. The next perception operation is discrimination, or perception itself. Its end result is the formation of a perceptual image of the standard. At the same time, the development of perceptual action proceeds along the line of allocation of specific sensory content in accordance with the characteristics of the presented material and the task facing the subject. When the perceptual image is formed, it is possible to carry out an identification action. For identification, comparison and identification are obligatory. Identification is the identification of a directly perceived object with an image stored in memory, or the identification of two simultaneously perceived objects. Recognition also includes categorization (assignment of an object to a certain class of objects perceived earlier) and extraction of the corresponding standard from memory.
Perception is a system of perceptual actions. Perception is divided into unintentional (involuntary) and intentional (arbitrary). Unintended Perception can be caused both by the features of the surrounding objects (their brightness, unusualness), and by the correspondence of these objects to the interests of the individual. There is no predetermined goal in unintentional perception. There is also no volitional activity in it, which is why it is called involuntary. Walking, for example, along the street, we hear the noise of cars, people talking, we see shop windows, we perceive various smells. Intentional Perception from the very beginning it is regulated by the task - to perceive this or that object or phenomenon. Intentional perception will be looking at the electrical circuit of the machine being studied, listening to a report, viewing a thematic exhibition. It can be included in any activity (in a labor operation, in the performance of an educational task), it can act as an independent activity - observation- this is an arbitrary systematic perception, which is carried out with a specific, conscious goal with the help of voluntary attention. Clarity of the task of the observer and regularity and systematic conduct. People perceive the same information differently, subjectively, depending on their interests, needs, abilities. The dependence of perception on the content of a person's mental life, on the characteristics of his personality is apperception name. Perceptual Properties: Integrity, i.e. perception is always a holistic image of an object. perception is formed in the process of practice. constancy perception - thanks to it, we perceive the surrounding objects as relatively constant in shape, color, size Structurality perceptions – perception is not a simple sum of sensations. listening to music, we perceive not individual sounds, but a melody, and recognize it Meaningfulness of perception- perception is closely connected with thinking, with understanding the essence of objects. Selectivity perception - is manifested in the preferential selection of some objects in comparison with others. Types of perception. There are: the perception of objects, time, the perception of relationships, movements, space, the perception of a person. Disorder of perception. The pathology of perception occurs when, for various reasons, the identification of the subjective image of perception with the perceived image is violated, and proceeds against the background of a violation of the automation of various mental processes. Illusions are perceptual disorders in which real phenomena or objects are perceived by a person in an altered, erroneous form. Affective illusions - arise under the influence of intense emotions, seized with horror or in a state of excessive nervous tension, mistakenly perceives a tree branch outside the window as a swinging skeleton. Verbal illusions - an erroneous perception of the meaning of words, the speech of others, instead of neutral speech, the patient hears speech of a different content (usually threats, curses, accusations). Reasons for the appearance of illusions: 1. physiological. 2. from concentration of attention (from expectation at concentration of attention). Attention is focused on familiar things. 3. from the tension of feelings. Emotional illusions 4. illusions of the imagination. When the perceived is hyperbolized (the impression is assembled under the influence of the imagination). Hallucinations are perceptual disorders in which a person sees, hears, feels something that does not exist in reality, i.e. it is perception without feeling. Hallucinations are divided according to the sense organs: auditory (pathological perception of words, conversations, separate sounds or noises. The patient hears that they are calling him). Visual (there are either elementary ones - zigzags, sparks, fire; or objective ones, when pictures appear before the eyes of the patient: unusual animals, frightening figures or objects). Olfactory (the patient feels unpleasant odors, rotting meat, burning, smoldering. They are sure that they are fed with poisoned or spoiled food). Tactile (false sensation of touching the body, burning or cold, the patient sometimes feels that he is being bitten or scratched). Visceral (sensations of the presence in your own body of objects, animals, worms). Derealization (a disorder of perception in which the objects surrounding the patient, people, animals are perceived as changed, which is accompanied by a feeling of their alienation and unreality; for example, everything around is not alive).
Sensation is the simplest mental process, consisting in the reflection of individual, elementary properties of objects and phenomena of the material world, as well as the internal states of the body at the time of the direct impact of material stimuli on the corresponding receptors (sense organs).
The role of sensations in human life and activity can hardly be overestimated, since they are the sources of our knowledge about the outside world and about ourselves.
Five well-known sense organs collect information from the external environment for the body in the form of light, color, sounds, smells, tastes, temperature, touches. The internal sense organs signal the state of the heart and liver, kidneys and stomach, muscles and blood vessels. All these numerous sensory channels merge into a mighty river that bathes and nourishes our brain with information.
The sense organs are the only channels through which the outside world enters the human consciousness, and the information they carry allows a person to navigate in the environment and in his body. If these channels were closed and the sense organs did not bring the necessary information, no conscious life would be possible.
So the violation of the influx of information in early childhood, associated with deafness and blindness, causes sharp delays in psychological development. If children born deaf-blind or deprived of hearing and sight at an early age are not taught special techniques that compensate for these defects through touch, their mental development will become impossible, and they will not be able to develop independently.
It is quite natural that people experience the loss of any of the channels of communication with the environment as the greatest tragedy.
With the loss of a sense organ, not just any part of the spectrum of experiences falls out, the whole personality is rebuilt, all its life relationships with other people.
There are examples in the scientific literature that describe the states of people who, due to various circumstances, have lost all types of sensitivity except for one or two.
S. P. Botkin (1832-1889), a famous Russian doctor, described a rare case when the patient lost all types of sensitivity, except for vision in one eye and touch in a small area of \u200b\u200bthe arm. When the patient closed her eye, and no one touched her hand, she fell asleep.
Academician I.P. Pavlov describes the following clinical cases: “... in prof. Shtrumpelya accidentally ended up in the hospital as a patient whose nervous system was so damaged that only two eyes and an ear were left of all the perceiving surfaces. And so, as soon as these last, surviving windows from the outside world were closed, the patient immediately fell into a dream. Thus, complete confirmation was obtained that for a waking, active state of the cerebral hemispheres, a certain minimum influx of stimuli is necessary. Quite recently, I ... had to see a similar case ... When he (that is, the patient) has a healthy ear and a healthy eye open, he fully understands you, can read and write. But as soon as you close either his ear or his eye ... he will certainly fall into oblivion and remember nothing of what happened to him in this interval.
These examples prove that the need for a normal flow of sensations that literally feed the human brain, provide it with life-giving and absolutely necessary impressions, is one of the most acute vital needs. So, in order for a person to feel healthy and vigorous, a full-flowing stream of sensations is necessary.
The necessary flow of sensations in normal life conditions is achieved, as it were, automatically. Normal conditions here can be understood as two life series.
Firstly, those physiological devices that are responsible for collecting information must be in good condition: the eyes must see, the ears must hear, the nose must smell, etc.
Secondly, external objects and phenomena are needed that could be looked at, heard, smelled, tasted, touched, etc.
In the examples given, people experienced a state of sensory hunger, which occurred as a result of a malfunction of physiological sensory devices.
But there is another kind of sensory hunger that threatens perfectly healthy people. This is the black silence of space, which threatens astronauts during long flights. Everything is normal in the cockpit. Nothing pleases the eye, a state arises that the people call the universal and precise word "boredom". And scientists - sensory deprivation.
It was first described by deep cave explorers and polar explorers. Nowadays, sensory isolation is created artificially and studied under special conditions.
For example, a test subject in special equipment is immersed in water, so that the flow of visual, auditory and, in general, all external sensations completely stops. And what happens in this case with the inner world of a person?
A lot: deceptions of feelings, loss of sensations of one's own "I", disturbances in the emotional sphere and other troubles. No wonder this is one of the most difficult tests for future astronauts.
S. Lem in one of the stories describes the "charms" of strict sensory deprivation that his hero Pirke experiences, immersed in a special chamber, a "bath".
“... The emptiness was becoming unsettling. First of all, he stopped feeling the position of his body, arms, legs. He still remembered in what position he was lying, but he remembered it, and did not feel it. Further, he discovered that he no longer had a torso, no head - nothing at all. Pirque seemed to have dissolved in water, which he also completely ceased to feel. There was nothing to move: the hands disappeared. Then it got even worse. The darkness in which he was, or rather, the darkness - he himself - was filled with faintly flickering circles - these circles did not even glow, but dimly whitened.
...He was falling apart. He was a little here, a little there, and everything was spreading. Top, bottom, sides - nothing left ... He moved into someone. And this someone swelled up, swelled up. Became limitless. He circled. Revolved. The eye sockets, without a face, rounded, bulging, blurry if you tried to resist them, stepped on him, climbed on him, expanded him from the inside, as if he were a reservoir of thin film, ready to burst. And he exploded."
S. Lem did not invent anything. In the protocols of scientific experiments, there are more impressive pictures of mental changes, the cause of which is the lack of sensory signals.
Sensations connect a person with the outside world, being both the main source of knowledge and the main condition for mental development.
In psychology, there are several concepts of the threshold of sensitivity.
The lower absolute threshold of sensitivity is defined as the smallest strength of the stimulus that can cause sensation.
Human receptors are distinguished by a very high sensitivity to an adequate stimulus. So, for example, the lower visual threshold is only 2-4 quantums of light, and the olfactory one is equal to 6 molecules of an odorous substance.
Stimuli that have a strength less than the threshold do not cause sensations. They are called subthreshold and are not realized, however, they can penetrate into the subconscious, determining a person's behavior, and also forming the basis of his dreams, intuition, unconscious drives. Psychological research shows that the human subconscious can respond to very weak or very short stimuli that are not perceived by consciousness.
The upper absolute threshold of sensitivity changes the very nature of sensations (most often - to pain). For example, with a gradual increase in water temperature, a person begins to perceive not heat, but already pain. The same thing happens with a strong sound or pressure on the skin.
The relative threshold (discrimination threshold) is the minimum change in the intensity of the stimulus that causes changes in sensations. According to the Bouguer - Weber law, the relative threshold of sensations is constant, if measured as a percentage of the initial value of irritation.
In a newborn child, all analyzer systems are morphologically ready for display. However, they must go through a significant path of functional development.
The most organ of knowledge of the child is the mouth, so taste sensations arise before the rest. At 3-4 weeks of a child's life, auditory and visual concentration appears, which indicates her readiness for visual and auditory sensations. In the third month of life, she begins to master the motor skills of the eyes. The fixation of an object that acts on the analyzer is associated with the coordination of eye movements.
The child quickly develops a visual analyzer. Especially sensitivity to colors, visual acuity, general sensitivity to light stimuli.
The development of auditory sensations is of great importance. Already in the third month, the child localizes sounds, turns his head to the source of the sound, reacts to music and singing. The development of auditory sensations is closely related to language acquisition. At the third month of life, the child can already distinguish the affectionate and angry tone of the tongue stretching towards her, and at the sixth month of life, she distinguishes the voices of people close to her.
I. M. Sechenov emphasized the great importance of kinesthetic sensations in the development of cognitive activity. The perfection of the motor sphere of the child, the differentiation of its movements, necessary for the performance of various types of activity, largely depends on them.
M. M. Koltsova put forward the idea of the unity and interconnection of all manifestations of the motor analyzer, starting from simple motor components and ending with the kinesthesia of the language. During the formation of the language, restriction of movements leads to the cessation of babble and pronunciation of the first syllables. The rhythm of speech correlates with the rhythm of bodily movements that the child makes. The arguments of M. M. Koltsova coincide with those experimental data that show the relationship of rhythm, tempo and loudness of speech with temperament.
Organic sensations in interaction with kinesthesia and distant sensations form another vital complex of sensitivity. The basis here is organic feelings and sensations of the body scheme (correspondence of its parts). The feeling of health, strength gives a person cheerfulness, self-confidence, stimulates vigorous activity.
Consequently, sensations arise and develop throughout a person's life and constitute its sensory organization.
B. G. Ananiev writes that there are no significant differences in the level of sensitivity of the same analyzers in children, although they are obvious in an adult. Hypersensitivity is noted in steelmakers, artists, textile workers. So, textile workers distinguish 30-40 shades of black fabric, while non-specialists - only 2-3 shades. Therapists are very good at distinguishing noises. Consequently, activity affects the development of types of sensitivity that are significant for a given profession. It has been experimentally confirmed that it is possible to increase the sensitivity to human recognition tenfold.
The formation of a socially significant personality can take place on an extremely limited sensory basis, even if the two leading sensitivities - sight and hearing - are lost. Then tactile, vibrational, olfactory sensitivity becomes the leading one in the development of personality. The example of deaf-blind A. Skorokhodov, an outstanding psychologist, convincingly shows what heights of creative activity a person can achieve, relying in his development on "non-wire" sensations.
Each of our sensations has quality, strength and duration.
The quality of a sensation is its inner essence, that which distinguishes one sensation from another. For example, the qualities of visual sensations are colors - blue, red, brown, etc., auditory - the sounds of a person's voice, musical tones, the noise of falling water, etc.
The strength (intensity) of sensations is determined by one or another degree of expression of this quality. On a foggy morning, the outlines of the forest, the contours of buildings are perceived by the organ of vision only in general terms, indistinctly. As the fog disappears, it becomes possible to distinguish a coniferous forest from a deciduous one, a three-story house from a four-story one. The strength of the visual stimulus, and consequently the sensation, continues to grow in the future. Now you can see individual trees, their branches, in the windows of the house - window frames, flowers on the windowsill, curtains, etc.
The duration of a sensation is the time during which a person retains the impression of that particular sensation. The duration of sensation is fundamentally different from the duration of stimulation. Thus, the action of the stimulus may already be completed, but the sensation continues for some time. For example, the feeling of pain after a jerky blow, burning sensation after a single touch with a hot object.
The sensation has a certain spatial localization.
Any sensation is always colored in a certain, most often specific tone, i.e. has an appropriate emotional connotation. Depending on their quality, strength and duration, sensations can cause positive or negative emotions. The light smell of lilac contributes to the appearance of a pleasant feeling, the same smell, concentrated and existing for a long time, can lead to dizziness, nausea, and general poor health. The opaque light of an electric bulb is soothing, the intermittent light is annoying (for example, when riding a bicycle next to a loose fence that blocks the brightly shining sun).
The emergence of appropriate emotions with certain sensations is an individual process. One person likes to listen to loud music, the other does not, one person likes the smell of gasoline, another one is annoyed by it. The emotional coloring of sensations is also individual.
In addition to the emotional sensation, a slightly different coloring may also occur during the sensation (though in very rare cases). For example, the famous Russian composers A.N. Scriabin and N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov's natural hearing was combined with the feeling of simultaneous coloring of perceived sounds in completely specific colors of the spectrum.
This phenomenon, called synesthesia, was described by French authors and called it "color hearing". It can be observed not only when perceiving musical tones, but also when listening to any sounds, for example, at the time of reading poetry. The physiological basis of this phenomenon is an unusual irradiation of the excitation process with a greater or lesser capture of the central part of another analyzer. This is based on the natural qualities of this or that human analyzer. In the future, these qualities as a result of constant training develop and sometimes reach a significant degree of severity.
As a result of direct or prolonged action of the stimulus, the sensitivity of the analyzer may increase or decrease, leading to adaptation of sensations or exacerbation (sensitization) of them. Subthreshold stimuli do not cause awareness of sensations.
Feeling- This is a mental cognitive process, which consists in reflecting the individual properties of objects that have a significant impact on the sense organs of the individual. Feeling in a person's life occupies a special position: it helps to perceive the world around us, to build interdisciplinary connections based on one's own impressions. Human sensations interact very closely with all the senses: sight, hearing, smell and touch are "guides" to the mysterious inner world of the individual.
Feelings are both objective and subjective. Objectivity lies in the fact that in this process there is always a reflection of an external stimulus. Subjectivity is expressed in the individual perception of a particular analyzer.
How does the analyzer engine work? Its task consists of three stages:
The stimulus affects the receptor, as a result of which the latter has a process of irritation, which is transmitted to the corresponding analyzer. For example, if you shout loudly, the individual will definitely turn towards the source of the noise, even if he is not facing him personally.
The nature of human sensations is extremely diverse. What can be attributed to sensations? First of all, these are our feelings that make up the essence of emotions: feelings of anxiety, a sense of danger, the unreality of what is happening, uncontrollable joy and sadness. The process of sensation is made up of numerous experiences, which, creating a moving string of events, form the emotional sphere of a person with its individual characteristics.
Types of sensations
- visual sensations are formed as a result of contact of light rays with the retina of the human eye. She is the receptor that is affected! The visual analyzer is designed in such a way that the light-refracting component, consisting of a lens and a vitreous transparent liquid, forms an image. Feelings may be different. So, the same stimulus has a different effect on people: some person, at the sight of a dog running up to him, will carefully turn to the side, another will calmly pass by. The strength of the impact of the stimulus on the nervous system depends on the development of the emotional sphere and individual characteristics.
- auditory sensations arise through special stimuli - auditory waves that propagate sound vibrations. The auditory sensations that the human analyzer can catch consist of three types - speech, music and noise. The first arise as a result of the perception of the speech of another person. When we listen to a monologue, we involuntarily begin to pay attention not only to the meaning of the spoken phrases, but also to the intonation, the timbre of the voice. Musical sounds can give our ears an unimaginable aesthetic pleasure. Listening to certain melodies, a person calms down or, conversely, excites his nervous system. There are cases when musical accompaniment helped a person in solving complex problems, inspired new discoveries, creative achievements. Noise almost always negatively affects the auditory analyzers of the individual and his state of mind. Constant exposure to noise adversely affects the psyche and can lead to complete or partial hearing loss.
- vibration sensations also referred to as auditory. It has been noticed that in people with disabilities (blind and deaf), the ability to perceive vibrations increases several times! For a healthy person, short-term fluctuations have a positive effect: they calm, stimulate activity or encourage specific steps. However, if the vibrations of the same type are repeated for too long, they will become a source of poor health and lead to a state of irritation.
- Olfactory sensations are called to be "on guard" of our health. Before taking food, a person feels its aroma. If the product is stale, the olfactory analyzer will immediately send a signal to the brain that this food should not be consumed. Also, by smell, you can recognize familiar places or return to different experiences. For example, inhaling the aroma of fresh strawberries heated in the sun, we remember the warm summer and the special mood that accompanied the rest at that moment.
- Taste sensations are directly related to the ability to recognize the taste of food and enjoy its diversity. There are taste buds on the tongue that are sensitive to these sensations. Moreover, different parts of the tongue react differently to the same food. So, sweet is best perceived by the tip, sour - by the edges, bitter - by the root of the tongue. To create a complete picture of taste sensations, it is necessary that the food be as diverse as possible.
- Tactile sensations carry the opportunity to get acquainted with the state of the physical body, to determine what it is: liquid, solid, sticky or rough. Most accumulations of tactile receptors are on the fingertips, lips, neck, and palms. Thanks to tactile sensations, a person, even with his eyes closed, can accurately determine which object is in front of him. For blind people, hands partially replace vision.
- Feeling the pressure perceived as a strong touch. A characteristic feature of this sensation is complete concentration in one place, as a result of which the force of the impact increases.
- Pain are formed as a result of exposure to the skin or internal organs of adverse factors. The pain can be stabbing, cutting, aching, it varies in intensity. Pain sensations are located under the skin deeper than the touch receptors.
- Temperature sensations associated with the function of heat transfer. There are receptors on the human body that react differently to heat and cold. So, for example, the back and feet are most sensitive to cold, while the chest remains warm.
- kinesthetic sensations called actually tactile. They are necessary for the formation of a sense of balance, determining the position of the body in space. A person, even with his eyes closed, can easily tell whether he is lying now, sitting or standing. The perception of movement and motor activity are important components of kinesthetic sensations. They create a feeling of confidence when moving the body in space.
Development of sensations and perception
For the development of all types of sensations, it is necessary to use a specially selected set of exercises. At the same time, it is recommended to pay attention to irritants that will occur naturally during the day and try to observe them. So, sunrise can bring no less pleasure than painting or playing a musical instrument. By learning to notice the beauty of the environment, a person “trains” his senses, activates their work, refines perception, and therefore he becomes happier. Below are exercises that can be used both in combination and separately from each other.
"Tree Watch"
This exercise can be performed for quite a long time. And the longer you begin to do it, the deeper you can master and develop your visual sensations. Its essence is as follows: not far from your home, you need to choose one tree, which you will periodically observe. Intervals in observation should have an equal interval: two to five days, at most a week. The time of year is not important, but it is desirable to be able to observe seasonal changes.
At the set hour, leave the house and head to the selected object. For ten to fifteen minutes, simply contemplate the natural beauty embodied in this particular tree. You can think of something of your own, but most importantly, do not forget to note the essential details. Considering the tree, try to answer the following questions as fully as possible: how it looks, what feelings you have, what has changed since the last visit (for example, there were more yellow leaves in the fall or fresh, green ones appeared in the spring). Exercise perfectly develops observation, provides a unique opportunity to relax the soul from daily worries and experiences. The strength of this task lies in its simplicity and accessibility for every individual.
"Who sings louder?"
This exercise is aimed at developing auditory sensations and can be used in practice by both adults and children. While on a walk, set yourself the goal of distinguishing the singing of birds, listening to the sounds uttered by wildlife. It is best to “listen” to the birds in the early morning, when there are still no extraneous sounds and there are few people on the street. You'd be surprised how much you didn't notice before. Be sure to mark your observations in a special notebook, write down important thoughts that come to mind.
"Guess - ka"
The whole family can play this game. The exercise is aimed at developing olfactory sensations. The task is not difficult to perform: you buy several products of different categories and varieties in the store. Products can be chosen to your taste, however, keep in mind that homeowners should not know what exactly your choice was. Then you invite relatives with their eyes closed at close range to identify the product. Bring them to the nose in turn cucumber, peeled banana, yogurt, milk, tomato. The task of your opponents is to guess what kind of food you brought home. Children are allowed to ask leading questions. Exercise is a great mood lifter.
"What am I feeling right now?"
The essence of this exercise is to compose for yourself as clearly as possible a spectrum of temperature and tactile sensations. To achieve the desired effect, follow simple recommendations: while taking a shower, turn on cool and warm water alternately. Notice how you feel during these periods of time. You can write down your thoughts in a special notebook, then it will be interesting to read.
Going outside in warm weather, try to mentally tune in to the perception of temperature. Notice how the skin receptors "rejoice" in the sunlight, how pleasant it is for you to walk in light clothes through which air freely penetrates. When you get home, record your observations on paper.
Thus, the role of sensations in human life is significant enough. Thanks to sensations, it becomes possible to distinguish colors and colors of one's own mood, to see the world around in all its diversity. The process of sensation gives each of us the ability to become the creator of our individuality.
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