Maria Puzikova

Unfortunately, every year there are fewer eyewitnesses and participants in those terrible military events of 1941-1945. But memory of that feat that they have committed is immortal. memory of people who wrested the Victory at the cost of their own lives will live in the hearts of many more generations to come.

There are many ways to express our deep gratitude and respect to our dear veterans on Victory Day. One of the signs of attention and respect are flowers. carnations and to this day are a symbol of our memory and gratitude.

Red carnation is a symbol of shed blood, which is why there is so much of it on Victory Day, because it is also a day memory of all the dead.

Red is a symbol of victory - it is the color of the banner of the invincible Red Army.

Red is the color of Victory, strong, dominant, courageous.

Red carnations can also symbolize fragments of salute.

Red carnation - the personification of courage, courage, victories and overcoming difficulties. carnations they talk about the admiration of a person, that we will always remember him. After all, we admire our veterans and owe them a lot that we now have!

Throughout the postwar period, carnations handed over to the heroes of the war on May 9.

So we decided to make scarlet carnations to in memorial day lay them at the eternal fire. We offer you a master class on creating carnations from thick corrugated paper.

For work we need:

Corrugated paper in red and green colors;

Wooden skewers 30 cm long;

Glue PVA-M;

Scissors.

From red corrugated paper, cut out strips 50 cm long and 7 cm wide.

Mentally divide the strip into three parts and bend the third part.

Now, starting from the very edge of the strip, we make an "accordion". We stretch the edge, fingering from ourselves to ourselves.

Thus, we stretch the entire strip.

Now tightly twist the strip and glue the edge to make a flower.

We insert the skewer into the flower head, glue the leaves, wrap the skewer with a strip of green paper (glue it to the skewer at the beginning and end, twist the petals, and clove is ready.

Symbol of the Great Victory - scarlet carnation like a drop of blood shed for the Motherland during the Great Patriotic War.

Happy Victory Day! Hooray!

Carnation in history and legends

The history of this flower is connected with a number of bloody historical events, starting with the Greek myth itself, which tells about its origin. The legend tells that one day the goddess Diana, returning very annoyed from an unsuccessful hunt, met a beautiful shepherd at the edge of the forest, who merrily played the flute.
In anger, she blamed the shepherdess for her failure and that, because of him and his music, all the game fled, and the hunt was broken. The poor young man made excuses, swore that he was not guilty of anything and begged for mercy. But the goddess, not hearing anything, and, beside herself with rage, attacked the shepherd boy and tore out his eyes.
When she came to herself, she began to be tormented by remorse, but she was no longer able to correct what she had done. Then, in order to at least make amends for her guilt and perpetuate the memory of the young man, Diana cast her eyes on the path.
And at the same moment, two carnations grew out of them, their color resembling innocently spilled blood.
According to legend, Countess Margarita gave a carnation for happiness to her fiancé, the knight Orlando, who went to the Holy Land to free the Holy Sepulcher from the Saracens. Orlando fell in battle, and one of the knights gave Margarita a lock of her blond hair found on it and a withered carnation flower, which turned from white to red from Orlando's blood. Seeds have already formed in the flower, and Margarita sowed them in memory of her fiancé.

A detailed description of this flower with all its morphological features dates back to the 3rd century BC. BC e. the first was given by Theophrastus, who called the carnation in his classification "the flower of Zeus." Now one can only wonder why the carnation received the name and status of the flower of Zeus, probably due to its fiery red color, because it was this form of the plant that was known at that time. Many centuries later, in 1753, the great Carl Linnaeus would emphasize the form of the garden carnation and place it in his classification under the name given by Theophrastus - "Dianthus", where "Di" is Zeus and "anthos" is a flower. There is an ancient Greek legend about the origin of the carnation, according to which this flower grew from the drops of blood of the hunter Actaeon, who accidentally saw the goddess of hunting Artemis bathing naked in a forest stream, for which he was turned by a cruel goddess into a young deer and torn to pieces by his own dogs.
In ancient China, cloves were valued mainly for the strong pleasant and persistent aroma of flowers. It even became an obligatory part of the palace protocol: courtiers had to chew carnation flowers before meeting with the emperor so that a pleasant smell came out of their mouths.
Carnation came to Europe only in the Middle Ages and became popular especially in France due to tragic events. After the unsuccessful seventh crusade, the Saint Louis IX of France, in 1270, undertook a new campaign with a huge army of knights, during which they were struck by a terrible plague epidemic, which neither doctors nor medicines could cope with. Warriors died one by one, the king lost his army in distant lands. And then, in desperation, Louis turned his prayers to the Lord, and according to legend, the king had a revelation - to use a flowering red carnation as a medicine, the fields of which stretched around. Inspired by hope, the king ordered to collect carnation flowers and make a decoction from them, which saved many sick people from death. Even later, the death of the king himself from the plague was seen as redemption. The surviving knights, returning from the Eighth Crusade to France, brought carnation plants with them in memory of their king, which soon became a very fashionable and beloved flower. Thus, it can be argued that the carnation entered the culture in Europe as early as the 13th century. Carnations were planted everywhere in gardens and parks, and later gardeners began to carry out serious selection work, selecting the most beautiful and fragrant plant specimens.
There are historical references, dating back to the middle of the 16th century, of the widespread selection work with cloves and of excellent varieties of different colors and shapes with a delicate aroma that have already been bred. The carnation was a recognized flower in high French society along with the rose. Ladies adorned their dresses with it, pinned it to their hair and hats. The carnation had its own symbolism and was an obligatory part of bouquets with meaning, fashionable in France, in which each flower carried an encrypted message.
By the time Carl Linnaeus created the classification of plants in 1753, there were already many varieties of garden carnations, which allowed the scientist to identify and describe it as a special form. Terry varieties were most highly valued, which had more than 60 instead of 5 petals, as in wild-growing species. Inflorescences sometimes reached 15 cm in diameter and amazed with their splendor at the time of full bloom. The aroma of the flower was of particular value, since the smell played an extremely important role in the evaluation of the variety. Carnation varieties appeared with snow-white, pristine petals, as well as flowers with crystal pink, maroon, fiery crimson, dark purple, almost black color.
In the Netherlands, the European capital of flowers, where the carnation was brought from France, it quickly gained a reputation as a luxurious flower, artists were very fond of painting it, one has only to recall the paintings of the Flemish masters. As in France, selection work was carried out in the Netherlands and soon many varieties of cloves appeared, which were real masterpieces.
In England, the clove appeared presumably in the 14th century and was first considered in accordance with tradition as a medicinal plant. Later, her decorative qualities came to the fore, and she took her rightful place among the flowers. It is curious that the red carnation carnation, which is used to this day, got its English name thanks to William Shakespeare. It is in his texts that the word is first encountered. Around the same time in the history of England is the rapid rise of the popularity of cloves in high English society. The fashion for carnations is set by Queen Elizabeth herself, who buys flowers for the court. Carnations are beginning to be grown in large quantities, the famous English florist Gerard, to whom the whole world sends for flowers, achieves special success in its breeding. Despite its high decorative qualities, cloves still remained among the medicinal plants, and numerous herbalists included it in recipes for diseases of the digestive system, gastric tract, headaches and fainting.
The red carnation was highly respected in Spain, where it was considered a talisman that protected from troubles and the actions of evil forces. Girls gave carnations to young men leaving for war as a talisman. Carnation also served as a symbol of passionate love, it was pinned to clothes to show their feelings to the object of adoration. The young man who brought the girl a scarlet carnation thus confessed his love for her.
The Russian name of this flower coincides with the name of the famous spice, which is the dried buds of the clove tree. According to experts, this is a tracing paper from the German language, where the names of the flower and the spice also coincide, most likely due to the similarity of their strong bright aroma.

Carnation - divine flower

Carnation legends. In ancient times, carnations were called the flowers of Zeus, the name of the flower comes from the Greek words Di- Zeus and anthos - a flower, which can be translated as a flower of Zeus, or a divine flower. Carl Linnaeus kept the name of the flower Dianthus, i.e. divine flower ... - see "Carnation"

Ancient Greek myth tells about the origin of cloves. One day, the goddess of hunting Diana (Artemis), returning very irritated after an unsuccessful hunt, met a beautiful shepherd boy, who was cheerfully playing a cheerful song on his flute. Beside herself with anger, she reproaches the poor shepherd boy for dispersing the game with his music and threatening to kill him. The shepherd boy makes excuses, swears that he is not guilty of anything and begs her for mercy. But the goddess, beside herself with rage, attacks him and rips out his eyes. Then only she comes to her senses and comprehends the whole horror of the perfect atrocity. Then, in order to perpetuate those eyes that looked at her so plaintively, she throws them onto the path, and at the same moment two red carnations grow out of them, resembling the color of innocently spilled blood.

Bright crimson carnation flowers resemble blood. And in fact, this flower is associated with a number of bloody events in history. In the culture of modern times, the carnation was considered as a "flower of fire", "a flower of struggle". This flower also played an outstanding role in some bloody events in France.

The legend of the extraordinary healing properties of this plant. The first appearance of carnations is attributed to the time of Saint Louis IX in 1297. It was brought to France from the last crusade, when French troops besieged Tunisia for a long time. A terrible plague broke out among the crusaders. People were dying like flies, and all the efforts of doctors to help them were in vain. Saint Louis, was convinced that an antidote must exist in nature against this disease. He had some knowledge of medicinal herbs and decided that in a country where this terrible disease rages so often, in all likelihood there must be a plant that cures it. And so he fixed his attention on one lovely flower. Its beautiful coloration, strongly reminiscent of a spicy Indian clove, and its smell suggest that this is exactly the plant that he needs. He orders to pick up as many of these flowers as possible, makes a decoction of them and begins to water sick people with them. Decoctions of cloves cured many warriors of the diseases, and soon the epidemic stopped. Regrettably, however, he does not help when the king himself falls ill with the plague, and Louis IX becomes its victim.

The carnation was the favorite flower of the Prince of Conde (Louis II of Bourbon). Due to the intrigues of Cardinal Mazarin, he was imprisoned. There, under the window, he grew carnations. His wife, meanwhile, raised a rebellion and secured his release. Since then, the red carnation has become the emblem of the followers of Condé and the entire house of Bourbon, from which he comes.

During the French Revolution of 1793, the innocent victims of the terror, going to the scaffold, adorned themselves with red carnations, wanting to show that they were dying for their king. French girls, seeing off their boyfriends to the war, to the army, also gave them bouquets of scarlet carnations, thereby expressing the wish that their loved ones return unharmed and undefeated. Warriors believed in the miraculous power of the carnation and wore it as a talisman.

The carnation came to the court and the Italians. Her image was included in the state emblem, and the girls considered the carnation to be the mediator of love: a young man going to battle, they pinned a flower to his uniform to protect him from dangers.
This flower was considered a protective talisman of love in Spain. Spaniards managed to secretly make appointments with their gentlemen, pinning carnations of different colors on their chests for this occasion.

In Belgium, the carnation is considered the flower of the poor or the common people, a symbol of a comfortable home. Miners are engaged in breeding. Parents present a bouquet of flowers to their daughter who is getting married. Carnations are the decoration of dining tables.

In England and Germany, for a long time, the carnation was considered a symbol of love and purity, as folk legends tell, as well as the works of William Shakespeare and Julius Sachs. Goethe called the carnation the personification of friendship and perseverance. It was sung in immortal paintings by artists Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Rembrandt, Rubens and Goya. It was the Germans who gave the flower the name "carnation" - for the similarity of its aroma with the smell of spices, dried buds of the clove tree, from German this designation passed into Polish, and then into Russian.

Phraseologism "under King Peas" can be deciphered as "in time immemorial, a very long time ago." But who is this King Pea and why exactly peas, and not something else? Many scientists, just like you asked this question, they put forward several different theories and tried to find the answer to this interesting question. This expression came into the speech of Russian people from folklore.

So, there is a fairy tale “About King Peas”, in the fairy tale Pea is a very kind and peaceful ruler and people lived under his rule, knowing neither grief nor sadness. Phraseologism "under Tsar Peas" means "a very long time" precisely because such a kind and kind monarch seems too unrealistic, i.e. this is too good to be true. So, in a fairy tale you can see such a sentence:“In ancient times, when the rivers flowed with milk, the banks were jelly, and fried partridges flew across the fields, there lived King Peas, a stupid ruler, but, as it should be for a fairy-tale monarch, kind.” In Russia, ordinary people have always lived not too well, and rarely has a ruler seriously thought about what people really need. And here, in a fairy tale, a good ruler is just as improbable, just like kissel banks or milky rivers, and even more so, just like fried partridges that fly across the sky. But who is this kind and stupid Pea, who is his prototype, and why is it still a pea?

1. There is a version that the name Peas is a reworking of a very common Greek proverb, which also meant ancient times. This Greek proverb goes like this: presbyteros and translates as "older (or more ancient) than Kodr". The name Kodr could be changed into Peas, based on some similarity between the word and this Greek name.
2. Scientists also find a connection between King Peas and Pokati-peas - a hero from myths.
3. Afanasiev explained the word "peas" based on the similarity of this word and words such as "thunder, rumble" Thus, the root gorch turned into *gors, where there were such transformations: s turned into x, and or became oro. Based on this, he concludes that King Pea is related to the god Perun - the god of thunder.
4. During the formation of Russian statehood, in Rus' it was customary to call the city of Constantinople none other than Tsar-grad. From this designation came the expression "in Tsaregorod". After Byzantium disintegrated (Constantinople is the capital of Byzantium), to refer to what was a long time ago, they spoke "in Tsar City". It is possible that this expression has simply changed into a similar one in sound, but more understandable in meaning.
5. Some scientists believe that this is just a pun of folk origin, an ordinary folk joke.
6. Sometimes people simply associate the expression “under King Pea” with the fairy tale “About King Pea”, but they don’t think about the origin of this character in the fairy tale at all.

Russian Tsar Peas- far from being the only one of its kind. In many folk phraseological units, you can find similar kings and kings. So, in Poland we will meet King Carnation (za krоўla Cўwieczka - literally “under King Gvozdik”), in the Czech Republic King Cricket (za krоўla Sўwierszczka - “under King Cricket”) or King Golysh (za krаўle Holce - “under King Golysh), in Ukraine you can find such expressions as tsar Timka, for tsar Tomk, for tsar Pank, for tsar Khmel. The English can see such an expression as in the year dot, which can be translated as “in the time of Tyutelka”, and the Spaniards have an expression en tiempo de maricastana meaning “a long time ago, under Chestnut”, in German you can find the phrase Anno Tobak, literally "in the summer of Tabakovo", which imitates the Latin phrase anno Domini ... "in the year of the Lord (such and such), that is, in (such and such) year from the Nativity of Christ."

All these names of kings and kings are filled with irony and humor, as if people were trying to make the image of the ruler more cute and reduce his weight in their eyes, it is not for nothing that all these objects (mentioned in the names of kings and kings) mean small and insignificant things. Here you can feel a good-natured smile, but at the same time love for a kind and stupid king. Although, of course, one should not discount the possibility that King Pea had some kind of real prototype, however, he is still not known to us, so King Pea “lives” only in a fairy tale (at least for now) .

In general, peas are directly related not only to the good king, but also to the awkward and ridiculous jester - the pea jester. Let's, since it comes to that, let's deal with him. The expression jester pea came from the phrase scarecrow pea or scarecrow, which was customary to put on a pea field. This scarecrow looked stupid and rather awkward. As for the word jester, there were several expressions using the word "jester" - Balakiev jester, striped jester, square jester, farce jester. But, nevertheless, a completely different expression has been fixed in history - a pea jester. But this is not at all surprising, because the jester has a negative meaning (this is someone stupid or awkward), and pea (remember a pea field with a scarecrow) enhances this meaning.

P.P.S. By the way, in Russian folklore, besides Tsar Pea, there are other kings, but they are not so well known - these are Tsar Botut and Tsar Oves, and fairy tales with their participation are much shorter - “Once upon a time there was Tsar Botut, and the whole fairy tale is here” and "Once upon a time there was a king Oves, he took away all the fairy tales."