In this article we will talk about copper-containing fungicides and talk about their use in gardening and vegetable growing.

Mechanism of action

The active ingredient of all copper-containing fungicides is copper ions. They bind to the sulfhydryl and amino groups of amino acids and change the tertiary structure of proteins. Such proteins do not function normally, which leads to metabolic disorders and cell death.

Fungi are most sensitive to copper, although some pesticides also affect bacteria. However, as bactericidal preparations, copper-containing substances are not included in the Register of Pesticides.

Copper does not penetrate deep into plant tissues: therefore, all copper-containing fungicides are contact ones. They are easily washed off with water and have a relatively short period of protection.

Copper sulfate

Copper sulfate is copper-2 sulfate pentahydrate ( CuSO4) - that is, copper sulfate associated with 5 water molecules. It is used primarily in gardening to protect against moniliosis, scab, septoria, grape mildew, downy mildew and some other diseases. As a rule, a 1% solution is used with a working fluid consumption rate of about 10 liters per 100 m2.

Solution copper sulfate has an acidic reaction and can cause leaf burn. Therefore it is used only in early spring, before the buds open, or in the fall, after the leaves fall. During the active growing season, Bordeaux mixture is used to spray the garden.

Bordeaux mixture

In fact, the correct way to write “Bordeaux” is with one “s”. The liquid is a mixture of 1% aqueous solution copper sulfate and 1% milk of lime in a 1:1 ratio. Simply put, to prepare 10 liters Bordeaux mixture use 100 grams of vitriol, 100 grams of quicklime and 10 liters of water.

BZ is used to protect the buttocks from scab, moniliosis, septoria, anthracnose and rust - with varying effectiveness. In vegetable growing, it is also used quite widely - firstly, to protect potatoes and tomatoes from late blight, and in addition, to protect beets from septoria, onions from downy mildew, etc. You can read in detail about the use of Bordeaux mixture.

Copper hydroxide

Copper hydroxide or copper hydroxide - Cu(OH)2- also used as a contact fungicide. On its basis, the drugs “Meteor”, “Mercury”, “Cupid” and “Koside” are made. “Champion” is also sold in Ukraine.

Hydroxide is used primarily to protect grapes from mildew. Copper hydroxide preparations usually contain 770 grams of active ingredient per kg. At this concentration, it is necessary to dissolve about 25 grams in 8-10 liters of water and use the resulting working liquid to spray 100 m2 of vineyards.

Fungicides “Cupid” and “Koside” are also approved for treating apple trees against scab and moniliosis, but when treating an apple tree, the concentration of the drugs is reduced by about 1.5 times.

Copper oxychloride

Copper oxychloride has the formula CuCl2.3Cu(OH)2. It is the active ingredient of the fungicides “Abiga-Pik”, “Kuprikol” and “HOM”. In addition, there are complex pesticides, which also contain oxychloride. These fungicides have a fairly wide range of applications - from grapes to long flax - and the dosages and number of treatments for different cultures and diseases are different. It is not practical to present all treatment schemes within the framework of this article: therefore, we recommend that you refer to the Register of Pesticides, which provides detailed recommendations.

Today, hundreds of fungicides are sold in stores that kill harmful fungi on plants and also protect them from the most terrible diseases.

There are too many factors that go into choosing the right fungicide for each application. Type and age of the plant, type of disease and its “neglect”. Even the weather, the amount of green space and the presence of pets nearby play a role. It's easy to get confused.

We do not recommend buying a fungicide at random: an advertised chemical may turn out to be a “dummy”. It is possible that it can even harm a diseased plant. The best thing is to trust the opinions of professionals.

In our manual, we have collected recommendations from scientists and advice from experienced farmers. Review of the most effective fungicides We deliberately put it at the very end of the material, because in order to cure a plant, you first need to make a correct diagnosis. And to make a correct diagnosis, you need to know everything about plant pests. This is what most of our guide is devoted to.

You need to defeat the fungus wisely!

Why is fungus dangerous for plants?

All fungicides have a common enemy - pathogenic fungi, which so easily infect ornamental and agricultural plants. They affect farmers and housewives, food producers and gardeners.

Here's what fungal spores and the mushrooms themselves are capable of:

• - They disfigure plants: various diseases affect the color and shape of fruits, leaves and flowers;
• - Mushrooms deprive us of our harvest. In just a couple of weeks they can cause damage to plantings of potatoes, apples, grapes and wheat, tomatoes and cucumbers, blueberries and strawberries;
• - They kill them. Your favorite lawn or house flower may die if they are not treated with the right fungicide in time;
• - Fungal diseases hit the pockets of farmers and the state. In some cases, the degree of crop loss from the fungus becomes catastrophic, even to the point of ruin.

It is very difficult to avoid fungal infection without preventive measures. Spores live in soil, air, other plants and water. They are carried by the wind, animals and even people! And then the mycelium comes into play: thin threads, something like a mycelium. They penetrate the plant tissue and begin to devour living matter. In addition, leaves covered with fungus do not receive light and die without the possibility of photosynthesis.

The most common fungal plant diseases

The presence of fungus in a plant is most often indicated by external symptoms. A white coating and pads of a rusty hue, colored spots and sores, fragments of rot and lumpy growths may appear on the greenery. In addition, fungi cause plants to wither, become deformed, dry out, become thinner, become overgrown with tumors and stop bearing fruit. In the case of lawns and grass, bald spots form on the ground. Any of these symptoms cause dozens of different types fungi. This system is not easy to streamline, but still the most common diseases received their popular and scientific names. Here are some of them.

Powdery mildew. This is a universal villain that affects the leaves, fruits, stems and flowers of plants. A white coating (mycelium) can completely cover a garden rose or grapevine in a couple of days. The disease takes the longest to kill fruits: they rot and crack. Powdery mildew especially loves young shoots. Pumpkins, peaches, gooseberries, grains, roses, even sugar beets... who doesn’t suffer from it!

Snow mold. This is the enemy of all lovers of natural lawns and tall grass. “Snow mold” usually appears in early spring, after the snow melts. It spreads in circles 3-12 inches in diameter. When these circles “multiply”, the lawn may completely die. First, the lawn will be covered with pink, white or gray mold... then the mushrooms will draw all the juices out of the grass, and it will die. Most often, meadow and reed fescue, perennial ryegrass and meadow bluegrass suffer from this fungus.

Root rotting. These diseases, such as rhizoctonia and black rot, are dangerous for most plants. Fungi undermine the roots of indoor and garden greenery. You won’t know about this for a long time: you’ll just watch the gradual withering of the plant. An insidious disease will turn root system into black dust or rusty dry lashes.

"Spotted" fungus on leaves. A disease that affects vegetables. Oily oils form on the leaves dark spots. Most often, tomatoes and peppers, potatoes, asparagus, and rhubarb suffer from them. This “beauty” directly affects the yield of vegetables. Although the fruits themselves rarely suffer.

There are also various fungi that attack grass. It may become covered with rust-colored blisters and red-brown rings (Fusarium disease). The lawn may turn brown and disappear under small clouds of cotton (Pythium disease).

Prevention of fungal diseases

Fungi love high humidity, stagnant weather and proximity to other plants. Therefore, it is necessary to maintain a certain interval between plantings, and also to rid them of excessive watering and poor air circulation. These rules are especially relevant for greenhouse plants. You need to regularly monitor the cleanliness of the soil and dispose of dying plants.

American scientists who have studied this issue ask everyone to be careful with mulching and pruning plants (mistakes during these operations can lead to infection). They also call the best method of prevention... the purchase of specially bred varieties that are resistant to fungi. Sterile pots will protect the roots from fungi, control over the purchased soil mixture - competent system watering to prevent stagnation of water.

The classification of fungicides divides them according to the purpose of use. It looks like this.

1. Protective fungicides. Organic and inorganic products for the prevention of fungal diseases.
2. Medicinal fungicides. Drugs that can stop the progression of the disease and even destroy it.
3. Systemic or complex fungicides. They work for both prevention and treatment of plants.
4. Immunizing agents. They improve the plant’s metabolic rates and teach it to fight not only fungi, but also bacterial diseases.

The principle of action of the chemicals also differs. There are, for example, contact fungicides. Most often, these are protective agents that “protect” from fungi only the part of the plant on which they are located. The farmers and experienced gardeners"Protectants" are popular. They treat seeds and bulbs so that they are not disturbed by pests in adulthood.

Recently, organic liquid products that move freely through the plant’s vascular system have become fashionable. They can save individual shoots of an already infected plant from diseases, and work as a protective and therapeutic agent.

Which is better: organic or inorganic fungicides?

First, it is important to decide whether you are looking for an organic or inorganic fungicide. The former are considered more environmentally friendly and safer for nature and humans. But we are more interested practical side affairs. Moreover, many “organic products” are also synthesized using chemicals.

The advantage of organic fungicides over inorganic ones is that they do not contain rare and hazardous metals. These metals pose a danger to animals, earthworms and, in rare cases, to soil. In case too much copper or mercury accumulates. But “natural remedies” decompose underground by themselves, this happens very quickly. True, this property also affects the duration of the healing effect (synthetic chemicals last longer).

Organics are easier to “cook”: most often you just need to mix powder or liquid product on the water. Let us add that organic matter can be combined with a large number pesticides than inorganic preparations.

The advantage of inorganic products is consumer confidence. It was products based on copper, sulfur, mercury and chlorine that first appeared on the market: our grandfathers used them. And this is already a certain habit and tradition. Although, logically, younger synthetic organics should be more perfect. But even here, not everything is so simple. For some diseases, old copper oxychloride preparations with a concentration of 0.5-0.75% are still not inferior in effectiveness to fashionable synthetic drugs.

Are chemical fungicides really that bad? The USA environment agency portal writes: “Some of the worst pesticide poisonings occur due to the misuse of organic mercury or hexachlorobenzene on crops. However, most fungicides used and registered for use in the United States are not capable of causing frequent or serious poisonings."

So hurt yourself and surrounding nature only possible when using products not according to instructions! The portal asks you to be especially careful with these substances: triazoles, mercury, thiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, mercury.

The best store-bought fungicides

Experts have approved dozens of different fungicides; it's easy to get lost in this large list of names. Therefore, we decided to help you and selected the most effective means, which can be purchased on the Internet.

Fungicide BORDEAUX LIQUID

Classic copper-based fungicide. Suitable for flowers, fruits and vegetables. Copes perfectly with powdery mildew, black spots and “early” fungi. It must be mixed with water in the proportions indicated on the package and used as a spray. Buyers write that one spray per month is usually enough. But with frequent rains and irregular watering, the product is used more often.

There are several mentions effective use remedies against fungi on the lawn. In total, about 85% of buyers call the product useful.

Fungicide PURE-FLOWER

Similar product from the same manufacturer. Only here you don’t need to dilute anything: the product is sold as a ready-made spray. The fungicide contains copper octanoate, which is a compound of copper salts with fatty acid. At the same time, the concentration level of the chemical protects the greens from burns.

The developer insists on generously spraying the leaves. You can even pay attention to them bottom part. People in the comments advise not to spray the product on the eve of rain: it takes 24 to 48 hours for it to be completely absorbed. Next time spraying will need to be done in 2-4 weeks.

We find several dissatisfied comments. Some farmers find the solution “weak” But these are special cases - about 80% of farmers were satisfied with the performance of the chemical.

Fungicide Topaz

A well-known universal fungicide that has earned high praise from users. It fits most garden plants and lawns. Fans of spray roses rate it especially highly. This is a protective fungicide. It is optimally suited for the prevention and protection of plants from fungi. The chemical is not afraid of rain and stays on the leaves for two weeks. Depending on the purpose of use (treatment, prevention, protection), the developer recommends using different ways spraying medicine.

Users write that work works best with tender plants and thin foliage. There are many reviews about the successful fight against lawn diseases.

Fungicide Forecast

Famous manufacturer, the quality of the product is unlikely to raise questions. It is a highly rated organic systemic fungicide that not only prevents but also treats disease. Almost 80% of all users are satisfied with its effectiveness. Controls black spots, powdery mildew, gray mold, plant rust, scab. The instructions say that it can be applied until the days of harvest. But we still wouldn’t risk it.

One bottle is enough for 10 liters of water. The resulting mixture can be applied to both leaves and fruits. We found conflicting reviews of the product regarding the need for reapplication. Some people wrote that they solved the fungus problem the first time. Others talk about mandatory repetitions of the procedure after 1-2 weeks. Perhaps it all depends on the type of fungus and the degree of infection of the plant. Fortunately, the fungicide is not harmful to worms or beneficial insects.

Fungicide Comparison Chart

Name	Form	Price
Fungicide BORDEAUX LIQUID	Concentrated liquid
Fungicide Chistotsvet
Fungicide Topaz	Liquid
Fungicide Forecast	Liquid

Daconil® Fungicide Concentrate 16 oz.

A product based on chlorotolanil, tested by experts. Excellent for combating powdery mildew. All ingredients are indicated on the package, you can always find them on the Internet. One bottle is enough for 240 liters of liquid, which should be used as a spray. The product is considered a protective fungicide with contact action of the widest spectrum.

Scotts Lawn Fungus Control, 5,000-sq ft, 6.75 Pounds

A product designed to exclusively prevent lawn diseases. The active ingredient is 2.3% methyl thiophanate. Experienced users recommend using the substance in the spring: otherwise you may be late. After all, kill the fungus Scotts Lawn no longer capable.

One bag is enough for 300-400 m2. Please note that users have different opinions about this product. Some have called it too toxic for use on local area.

1. First of all, determine the exact disease. Try to make an accurate diagnosis for your plant based on external signs of the disease, communication with “brothers in misfortune” and professional consultations. Try to buy a remedy specifically for this type of fungus, and not universal options.
2. Pay attention to your environment. Place of growth of the diseased plant, time of year, air temperature at the time of application of the fungicide, rate of development of the disease. All this influences the choice of medication. The corresponding recommendation for optimal conditions for use is often found on the label.
3. Study the contraindications. Quality medicines contain a list of plants that do not tolerate these fungicides.
4. Choose between liquid and powder form. Powders are often created for working in the soil, and liquids are often created for treating leaves and flowers. The effect of liquids, as a rule, begins earlier, but also goes away faster.
5. Compare prices. Prices for the same product or for different fungicides with similar ingredients can vary greatly. As in the case of medicines, you don’t always need to overpay for a brand if there is a cheap analogue. Of course, it is necessary to check the state certification of all products.

Even organic products can harm plants and humans if used incorrectly. Here are 9 tips for new gardeners on how to use them correctly.

1. Always follow the safety rules specified in the instructions. It is better to carry out all spraying in special protective clothing. Most often, a fungicide is a threat to the skin and mucous membranes. Even potted plants need to be treated outside or on the balcony.
2. Keep track of the time of year. It is believed, for example, that dithiocarbamic acid derivatives have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants, which is why they are usually recommended for use during periods of intensive growth (spring and early summer). And by the end of summer, copper-containing preparations should be used.
3. Do not mix organic fungicides - captan, zineb, ziram, polycarbacin, dichlon with mineral oil preparations, since such a mixture can cause plant burns.
4. Keep track of the frequency. Most often, the plant is re-treated every 15-30 days. But each product has its own rules, they are indicated on the label. This indicator is also affected by the time of year and precipitation.
5. Don't poison your crop. It is better not to use fungicides at all at the time of fruit ripening, but to solve the fungus problem earlier. If the matter is too advanced, you need to use low-toxic drugs. And before that, find out how many days before harvest you can use them in last time.
6. Spray in the morning. Experts say that night and early morning will become best time for spraying liquid fungicides.
7. Keep an eye on the weather. It is better not to use sprays, liquids and all contact products in rain and wind.
8. Remember about phytotoxicity. Phytotoxicity is a condition when a medicine begins to harm the plant. Its cause is a violation of the concentration of the substance, too frequent use of chemicals and incompatibility of the product and the plant.
9. Don't give them the opportunity to adjust. The effect of “resistance” is observed quite often. Fungi simply evolve under the influence of fungicides and cease to be afraid of them in future generations. In such cases, Australian scientists advise either combining remedies or eradicating the fungus before it has time to multiply. The same Australians recommend seed treatment.

Fungicides for getting rid of powdery mildew

Controversy powdery mildew transmitted through air, water and “from human hands”. They love damp and cool weather and just love indoor plants. You can invite trouble by watering your greens too often and having a high nitrogen content in the soil.

On initial stage(prevention and first week) can be used traditional methods. For example, a solution of potassium bicarbonate and soap, a copper-soap solution or a decoction of horsetail. There are plenty of such recipes on the Internet. But if the moment is missed, it is better to take on more serious means.

Engage in comprehensive plant treatment. Begin spraying at the first symptoms of illness. Among the biological preparations, neem oil, insecticidal soap, horticultural oil and the same potassium bicarbonate will help you with this. Among the chemical compounds, pay attention to copper, fenarimol, myclobutanil, propiconazole, triadimefon and sulfur.

Systemic fungicides: Spectracide Immunox (several), Ferti-lome F-Stop Granular Fungicide, Green Light Fung-Away Systemic Granules

System on water based: Ortho Lawn Disease Control and Fertility, Liquid Systemic Fungicide, Bayer Advanced Fungus Control.

Protective: Bonide Copper Spray or Dust, Bonide Liquid Copper, Dragon Copper Fungicide, Hi-Yield Copper Fungicide, Ferti-lome Black Spot & Powdery Mildew control.

Protective, contact effects: Ortho Garden Disease Control (Daconil 2787), Hi-Yield Daconil Lawn Vegetable, Flower Fungicide, Fertilome Lawn & Garden Fungicide, Fertilome Broad Spectrum Liquid Fungicide and Bonide, Fung-onil, Ortho Dormant Disease, Control Lime-Sulfur Spray, Hi -Yield Improved Lime, Sulfur Spray, Lilly Miller, PolySul Summer and Dormant Spray, Bonide LimeSulfur.

Fungicides for treating fungus on the lawn

Most lawn diseases, despite differences in symptoms, are treated in much the same way. In the matter of their prevention and elimination, quality plays a particularly significant role. drainage system. It should not resemble a marshy swamp or an African desert. Gardeners advise watering early in the morning so that the soil has time to absorb moisture during the day.

Fungi are more likely to appear in lawns that are cut frequently and heavily with a lawn mower. Any cut is a risk of fungal attack. It is also known that young grass has weak immunity compared to old grass. Note that fungi do not like heat, which means that it is easier to fight diseases in the summer.

But all these are just preventive measures. What treatment methods do experts recommend? For lawn root rot problems they recommend the following remedies: Spectracide immunox, Fertilome Systemic, Ortho lawn disease control, Propiconazole. For the most part, this systemic fungicides water based.

For colored circles on the grass: Turfcide, Spectracide immunox, Hi-Yeld Maneb and Green Light broad spectrum. Here the emphasis is placed on broad-spectrum protective equipment. However, some complex fungicides may also be suitable.

Fungicides for the treatment of snow mold

What distinguishes “snow mold” from most fungal diseases is that it attacks plantings in winter. The fungus settles in the lawn with the first cold weather and early snow. You will only see manifestations of the disease in spring and summer, when young grass sprouts on your lawn. The owner of the weed will have time to prevent the “epidemic”. Firstly, you will need to remove the remnants of old greenery late autumn, in order to destroy the bridgehead for a possible “fungal landing”. Secondly, in the spring, remove all natural debris again and properly mow the young animals.

There are many on the market preventive fungicides against this rubbish. Experts recommend the following line of products (most are chemicals in granules that need to be mixed with water): Terraclor 75WP, Ferti-lome Azalea, Camellia, Crape Myrtle Insecticide and Fungicide, Hi-Yield Turf and Ornamental Fungicide(containing 10% PCNB), Hi -Yield Terraclor Granular Fungicide. (we will tell you more about them below)

For autumn prevention The DMI fungicides strobilurins and dicarboximides are also suitable. They need to be added to the soil at the very end of the season.
To protect plantings the already familiar Ortho Garden Disease Control (Daconil 2787), Hi-Yield Daconil Lawn Vegetable Flower Fungicide, Fertilome Lawn & Garden Fungicide, Fertilome Broad Spectrum Liquid Fungicide and Bonide Fung-onil are suitable.

Potassium bicarbonate is a traditional homemade fungicide.

Potassium bicarbonate is an organic chemical compound (KHCO3) in powder form white, which is widely used in various fields: from medicine, sports, cooking and to Agriculture. This protective fungicide is a real salvation for plants growing in acidic soils because he:

• has low toxicity;
• protects vegetables (particularly pumpkins) and ornamental plants from powdery mildew;
• reduces the rate of reproduction of harmful fungi and bacteria.

BUT! Potassium bicarbonate does not protect against black spots on roses or against direct plant contact with fungi.

Why is it often used as a replacement for soda (NaHCO3) for treating plants. Based on the composition of these chemical compounds, it seems that there is almost no difference in them and they are similar in chemical properties. But this is only at first glance.

It is known that when in contact with the soil, both soda and B.C. eventually settle in it in the form of chlorine salts - which are useful for the growth and nutrition of plants, but in excess quantities cause great harm (especially sodium from soda). Therefore, these fungicides should not be used haphazardly! Treatment with them is possible only in certain seasons - spring or autumn, depending on the type of soil. You can use any of them, but B.K. considered more effective than soda.

Unlike B.K., soda does not kill powdery mildew on plants, but only prevents its spread, which has been repeatedly recorded by those gardeners who used it as a fungicide and compared the effect with B.K. Therefore, the choice between potassium bicarbonate and soda seems virtually obvious to us.

We offer you the most popular recipe using potassium bicarbonate:

“Mix 4 teaspoons (or 1 heaping tablespoon) of potassium bicarbonate with 4 liters of water. Lightly spray the leaves of plants affected by black spots, powdery mildew and other fungal diseases. In this case, potassium bicarbonate is a good substitute for soda.”

To combat dangerous diseases and plant pests in the garden, vegetable garden, indoor flowers Fungicides are often used. What are these substances? What is the reason for the high efficiency of the compositions?

What are fungicides

Substances of biological or chemical origin are used to prevent, eliminate and prevent fungal infections, to control pests for indoor flowers and garden crops. The preparations are effective for protecting seeds during dressing.

Translated from Latin language fungicide means "kills fungi." Timely use of antifungal compounds preserves plant health, increases productivity, and prevents the spread of mycoses.

Properties and Features

The correct use of fungicides for plants guarantees the protection of fruit, vegetable crops, and indoor plants from pathogenic fungi. Consultants at “Home – Garden – Vegetable Garden” stores or specialized departments of construction supermarkets will tell summer residents and amateur gardeners which product will help in a particular case.

Fungicides differ in several parameters and have different strengths of action. When purchasing formulations, you need to take many characteristics into account.

Origin:

• organic (antifungal effect is based on the activity of certain bacteria);
• inorganic (preparations are made on the basis of various chemical compounds).

How to get rid of it and is it necessary to do it? Read useful information.

Read the page about the action and rules of use of the Pest Reject ultrasonic rodent and insect repeller.

Decomposition rate:

• remain in the soil for a long time (inorganic substances);
• harmless to environment, completely decompose (components of natural origin).

Impact force:

• herbal compositions are “softer”, the effect is weaker, but there are few side effects;
• chemicals act faster, more actively, but are often toxic; use requires caution.

Distribution pattern in plant tissues:

• contact. They act on the surface of leaves, stems, and have a detrimental effect on fungi upon contact with the active substance;
• systemic. Substances penetrate the tissues of fruit and vegetable crops through the vascular system of plants; some drugs even act in the seed coat.

By purpose of use:

• soil treatment;
• dressing prepared seeds;
• spraying plants during the growing season;
• prevention of fungal infections when storing grain and vegetable crops;
• fight against fungus during the dormant period;
• universal compositions.

On a note! Biologics have become more popular due to last years. Summer residents and flower growers decided that it was not worth risking the health of plants: chemicals act more actively, but worsen the condition of the soil. Toxic compounds often provoke poisoning of people if protective measures are not observed when using potent fungicides.

How to use

Treatment is carried out with fungicides in the form of powder (applying to the soil, treating seeds) and solution (spraying plants). Certain types of drugs are recommended in different periods life of fruit and vegetable crops.

When combating fungal infections of vegetables and fruit crops, indoor flowers, it is important to remember the following protective measures:

• wear old clothes that cover the entire body;
• wear a medical mask or respirator;
• Protect your eyes with special transparent glasses;
• After handling any form of antifungal agent, wash your hands well with antibacterial soap;
• Clothes cannot be used for everyday wear: dry washed items, iron them, and put them in a separate drawer.

For indoor flowers

Application:

• To prevent and treat fungal diseases, treatment is carried out with contact and systemic fungicides;
• at home, experts advise paying attention to biological products containing active bacteria;
• formulations in the form of an emulsion, powder, or spray solution are suitable for use in city apartments;
• Chemical fungicides are allowed to be used before the beginning of the growing season after the end of the flowering and fruit harvesting period. Biological products can be used at any time (some formulations are suitable for processing fruits at harvest).

For garden plants

Application:

• Solution and powder are suitable for treating seeds. The product is added to the water while soaking the seeds;
• introduction into the soil during digging. Fungicidal powder and antifungal solution (watering) will prevent the development of fungus in the soil;
• spraying is carried out in early spring and towards the end of autumn. This method is suitable for antifungal treatment vegetable and grain storage facilities.

How to breed

Prepare the solution or reduce the concentration of the emulsion according to the instructions for the selected fungicide. For each product there are certain proportions.

General rules:

• prepare a container: tank, bucket;
• pour in a third of the water;
• add powder or add concentrated emulsion;
• to stir thoroughly;
• add the remaining water, mix well again;
• To combat fungi, use only a freshly prepared solution: after a few hours, the drugs reduce their activity, especially biological agents.

Advice! You should not prepare a fungicidal agent in reserve. It is forbidden to leave the solution open for storage: this point is critical if there are small children. Pets can also be poisoned if they drink part of the composition.

Review of effective fungicides

When choosing antifungal compounds, it is important to take into account the treatment area, plant species, toxicity, degree of damage to green mass and soil contamination. The list of drugs is compiled based on reviews of agricultural technicians, gardeners, gardeners, summer residents and flower growers.

Strobe

Characteristics of Strobi fungicide:

• broad-spectrum fungicide;
• effective for combating powdery mildew, basal cancer of stems, rust, scab;
• active component – ​​xerozyme-methyl, concentration – 500 g/kg;
• release form – water-dispersible granules;
• the average price of a bottle (200 g) is 2850 rubles.

Topaz

Characteristics of Topaz fungicide:

• systemic product for protecting various crops from rust, powdery mildew, and other fungal diseases;
• the composition is presented in the form of a concentrated emulsion;
• active ingredient – ​​penconazole, concentration – 100 g per 1 l;
• high efficiency in the prevention of powdery mildew infection, treatment immediately after the first signs of the disease appear;
• application interval – one to two weeks;
• in case of active fungus formation, combine the drug Topaz and contact fungicides;
• the average price is 120 rubles per 10 ml.

Horus

Characteristic:

• fungicide for spraying fruit stone and pome crops;
• the drug is effective in combating Alternaria, moniliosis, scab, leaf curl, and fruit rot;
• active ingredient – ​​cyprodinil (1 kg contains 750 g of substance);
• the fungicide is available in the form of granules for preparing a solution;
• one of the advantages is resistance to washout, adheres well to plants in cool, damp weather (even at temperatures no higher than +15 degrees);
• the last treatment is allowed 14–30 days before harvesting the fruits (depending on the type of plant);
• the drug can be used in combination with the fungicides “Topaz” and “Skor”;
• the average cost is from 8900 to 11500 rubles.

Quadris

Characteristic:

• a new generation low-toxic product is effective for eliminating many types of fungus on fruit, ornamental, vegetable and cereal crops;
• active therapeutic and preventive properties;
• prolonged action after treatment – ​​up to two weeks;
• the suspension concentrate contains azoxystrobin. There are 250 ml of active ingredient per 1 liter of the drug;
• fungicide Quadris is sprayed on the leaves in windless, dry weather. The drug is quickly absorbed and penetrates all plant tissues;
• price – from 2770 to 3900 rubles/liter.

Falcon

Characteristics of the Falcon fungicide:

• effective processing of beets, grains, grapes;
• the combination drug contains three active substances: tebuconazole, triadimenol, spiroxamine;
• emulsion concentrate with several active ingredients prevents resistance to the action of the drug;
• number of treatments – one to four depending on the crop;
• the average price is 2100 rubles per 1 liter.

Score

Characteristics of fungicide Skor:

• highly active broad-spectrum agent;
• active ingredient – ​​difenoconazole, concentration – 100 g per liter;
• emulsion concentrate successfully demonstrated fungicidal properties on fruit trees, potatoes, tomatoes, currants, pumpkin, gooseberries;
• the product is compatible with most pesticides;
• the working solution cannot be prepared in advance: the activity of the composition will decrease;
• the dosage depends on the type of plant;
• the preparation is suitable for soaking seeds of indoor flowers;
• the effect after treatment occurs within 2 hours;
• Estimated cost – from 9400 rubles/liter.

Maksim

Characteristic:

• contact-type fungicidal agent actively fights fungi of the Ascomycetes class;
• active ingredient – ​​fludioxonil at a concentration of 25 g per 1 l;
• a new chemical class of phenylpyrolles, high efficiency compared to many drugs;
• a unique fungicide similar in properties to natural antifungal compounds;
• fungicide Maxim is suitable for treating garden and indoor flowers, including bulbs, potatoes, shoots, rhizomes and roots;
• One treatment is enough;
• Estimated cost – 1700 rubles per 1 liter.

How to get rid of it in potatoes? find out effective methods pest control.

Instructions for using the drug Aktara for indoor plants against pests are described on the page.

Go here and read about how to properly and safely remove a tick from a dog.

Thanos

Characteristic:

• active components: contact substance famoxadone plus local-systemic substance cymoxanil. The concentration of each ingredient is 250 g per 1 kg;
• the drug is presented in the form of water-dispersible granules;
• composition for processing potatoes;
• the product adheres well to the surface and is active;
• allowed to be used no more than four times per season;
• average cost – 2400 rubles per 400 g.

Topaz

Characteristic:

• a systemic product that protects stone fruit, pome fruit, ornamental, berry, vegetable crops, and grapevines from fungus;
• active substance – penconazole (per 1 liter – 100 ml of active ingredient);
• release form – emulsion concentrate;
• moderate degree of toxicity;
• processing frequency – once every 10 days;
• the average price is 100 rubles per 10 ml.

Switch

Characteristic:

• the combined product contains two active ingredients: Cyprodinil and Fludioxonil, exhibits contact and systemic effects;
• actively fights gray rot on grapes;
• danger class for humans and bees – third;
• action: curative fungicide, protective pesticide;
• water-dispersible granules are used to prepare the working solution;
• the drug Switch is effective for protecting and treating grapes;
• improves the safety of the vine, prevents rotting of the berries during transportation;
• good resistance to washout;
• wide range of operating temperatures;
• the average price is 11,000 rubles per liter.

Convertible

Characteristic:

• a modern contact fungicide successfully fights fungus even with a high infectious load;
• granules are used to prepare an active solution;
• a composition with an antifungal effect also exhibits activity as a pesticide;
• the combination of Metiram and Pyraclostrobin has a complex effect on pathogens of fungal infections and reduces the risk of resistance;
• long-acting fungicide: long intervals between treatments;
• easy to dissolve, minimal amount of “dust” when spraying;
• The average price of the drug Cabrio TOP is 2600 rubles/liter.

Summer residents, vegetable gardeners, and amateur flower growers believe that it is difficult to grow healthy plants without fungicides. Experienced owners recommend drugs of medium and low toxicity classes of the latest generations. When the fungus is actively growing, it is advisable to combine systemic and contact agents.

Each composition from the list of fungicides is good in its own way. When purchasing, it is important to take into account the type of plant, the degree of infection, and the number of treatments to obtain the result.

Learn more about the properties and use of fungicides in the following video:

Attention! Only today!

show all

For more than a hundred years, they have been used in the fight against powdery mildew and imperfect fungi, which cause spots on the vegetative organs of plants. This is the main group of drugs in the anti-resistance program system.

Story

In 1761, Chaltes or in 1783, Tessier, proposed copper sulfate for treating wheat seeds. In 1807, Prevost published data on smut diseases of wheat and their control, as well as the effect of copper sulfate and temperature on the germination of smut chlamydospores. Thus, the foundations for laboratory testing were laid. In France in 1887, A. Milardet and U. Geyon proposed a mixture of solution with lime milk (), which is still used in plant protection.

Effect on harmful organisms

All preparations based on copper salts are actionable. They actively suppress the germination of conidia and fungal spores only at the moment of germination in a drop of water and have bactericidal properties. To ensure high copper preparations should be applied to plants before the germination of conidia or pathogen spores. Great importance has uniform and thorough coverage of the entire plant. The duration of action depends on meteorological conditions (precipitation), quality of the formulation (particle size, adherence) and plant growth rate. Usually the effect lasts no more than 10 days.

. The activity of copper-containing compounds is based on the ability of copper ions to interact with the sulfhydryl groups of coenzymes and enzymes, as well as with the amino groups of the fungal cell, causing denaturation and precipitation of proteins. In addition, these, being strong oxidizing agents, can accelerate intracellular oxidative processes.

An important role in fungitoxicity belongs to the sorption ability of the protoplasm of fungal cells and the transition of copper ions into solution from sediment on the leaves. Dissolved copper is adsorbed by spores, as a result of which the equilibrium is disturbed, and part of the copper again becomes soluble. This process occurs until the spore accumulates a toxic dose. The transfer of copper into solution is facilitated by ammonium salts, carbon dioxide and other substances present in the atmosphere, dew, precipitation, leaf secretions, and fungal spores.

The biological properties of copper-containing preparations are determined by the ability of copper ions to actively react with enzyme and lipoprotein complexes of living cells and cause irreversible changes (coagulation) of protoplasm. Copper ions, which enter the pathogen cells in sufficiently high concentrations, interact with various enzymes containing imidazole, carboxyl and thiol groups and suppress their activity. First of all, the processes that are part of the respiratory cycle are inhibited, in particular, the process of converting pyruvic acid into acetyl enzyme A. They also cause nonspecific denaturation of proteins. Their selectivity towards beneficial organisms depends on the amount of copper ions that enter the cells and accumulate in them. Conidia and fungal spores that germinate on the surface of plants in a drop of water are capable of accumulating copper ions inside their cells, creating a concentration 100 or more times higher than in plant cells or outside.

Resistant species

. not effective against downy mildew of shag and tobacco, as well as against powdery mildew.

Insecticidal and acaricidal properties

. suppresses psyllids on potatoes. Shows ovicidal effect.

Bordeaux mixture

Application

Copper compounds actively suppress the development of spots in grapes, sugar beets, downy mildew, macrosporiosis and potato late blight, moniliosis, rust, pome scab, clusterosporosis and coccomycosis of stone fruit crops, and also inhibit the development of powdery mildew and a number of bacterioses.

Tank mixtures

. cannot be mixed with other drugs that decompose in an alkaline environment.

Toxicological properties and characteristics

Entomophages and beneficial species

. is not poisonous to predatory mites, lacewings, coccinellids, predatory gall midges and hymenopterans such as their neumonids, aphelinids, pteromalids.

Warm-blooded

. Copper preparations are poisonous to humans and warm-blooded animals. A dose of 10 g is absolutely lethal for humans. Doses of 0.2-0.5 g cause vomiting.

In the soil

. Copper compounds are stable in external environment, actively participate in the circulation of substances in nature, pass from the soil into plants consumed by humans and animals. It was found that application to apple orchards and vineyards that had not previously been treated with any kind led to an increase in copper content in the soil.

It has also been established that copper and its compounds have a bactericidal effect on microorganisms in soil and water bodies, which can lead to inhibition of soil microflora and the processes of mineralization of organic matter.

In products

. It has been established that when copper-containing pesticides are used, fruits are also contaminated. Thus, the concentration of copper in apples treated with 1% was 4.14 mg/kg, while fruits selected in the control area contained 0.93 mg/kg.

Symptoms

. Copper salts, when directly exposed to tissue, form albuminates with tissue proteins, which causes their astringent and cauterizing effect. They strongly irritate the mucous membranes gastrointestinal tract, as well as the upper respiratory tract.

When copper salts (CuCO 3 , CuSO 4 ) enter through the respiratory tract, the symptom complex of “copper mordant” fever develops. Cases of workers treating grain with copper carbonate are described. The symptoms of intoxication began with severe chills, lasting several hours, and an increase in body temperature (up to 39). In severe cases of intoxication, the disease can last three to four days.

Copper compounds can also have a local irritating effect on the skin: sometimes a small red rash with itching, eczema, and skin purpura appears.

Particularly dangerous is the entry of copper salts in the form of dust into the respiratory tract. In this case, there are signs of irritation of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, severe bronchial cough in combination with vomiting and stomach pain, and nosebleeds. Chronic toxicity 5.

Zinchenko V.A. Chemical plant protection: means, technology and environmental safety. - M.: “KolosS”, 2012. - 127 p.

6.

Medved L.I. Handbook of pesticides (use hygiene and toxicology) / Team of authors, ed. Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Professor L.I. Medved -K.: Harvest, 1974. 448 p.

7.

Popov S.Ya. Fundamentals of chemical plant protection. Popov S.Ya., Dorozhkina L.A., Kalinin V.A./ Ed. Professor S.Ya Popov. - M.: Art-Lion, 2003. - 208 p.

Images (reworked):

8.

Altus Lacy Quaintance, Cornelius Lott Shear U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1907. Illustrations from the book

Collapse