Sometimes we ask ourselves questions to which we generally don’t need to know the answers.

“Wait, they built not only 9-story buildings,” you will object, and you will undoubtedly be right. There were also five-story “Khrushchev” buildings and candles with 14-16 floors. But in the residential areas of large cities, it was 9-story buildings that predominated, and it’s hard to argue with that.

The answer, as it turned out, is very simple: “The height of the mechanized fire engine ladder was 28 meters". And if you consider that the height of each floor is 2.8-3 meters + the height of the base, then it turns out that a fire truck can only reach the 9th floor. This number is stated in all regulatory construction documents of the USSR State Construction Committee.

When building a house higher than 9 floors, that is, higher than 28 meters, all rules and regulations required the construction of a smoke-free staircase, the construction of which was not economically feasible.

Plus, for a house higher than 9 floors, an additional elevator was required in the entrance, while for a 9-story building one was enough. This undoubtedly also increased the final cost per square meter.

In addition, for a house with a height of 9 floors, smoke removal systems and additional escape routes were not required.

To summarize, we can say with confidence that the construction of 9-story buildings was driven by economic necessity. After all, the state needed to provide housing for all its citizens as soon as possible.

9 floors of 2.5 meters = 22.5
+ attic 3 meters
+the first floor is slightly above ground

I think it's around 27-28

Well, the basement usually sticks out by 1-15, the ceiling is a maximum of 30 cm, the ceiling height is 2.5, the attics vary from two to three meters. Well, count 2.5x16+0.3x19 (the overlap of the attic and roof can also be calculated) +1.5+2... In short, about 50 meters.

If the situation is hopeless, there is nothing you can do... although if they choke, you can still pump them out if they have time... If you fall and survive, then you have a better chance of remaining a vegetable... then it’s better to drown.

It's worse than falling.

It’s better to just cut it off in the fall, dig it up and throw it away or give it to the grandmothers... yes, it’s clear that the grandmothers will find out...

You seem to be a lawyer, but you don’t know that this is illegal and punishable for damaging state natural plantings, if this house is not private property (not a cooperative).
Contact the building management with a statement, for example, that there are mice breeding in the vineyard and you will need to trim it in such a way that it does not blow your mind (does not interfere with or reach your apartment's façade, but again without spoiling it - this is legal and humanly.
There is a sneaky, illegal option - this is to take it and spoil it from the very bottom, so that it does not grow up next spring and dries up over the winter (that is, kill it with poison as suggested).

VEF = TDV CITY.
TDV CITY is no longer there..so draw for your health

I would say 30 floors, but that's without Google :)
and here's what Google says
In the USA and Europe, buildings with a height of at least 150 m (500 ft) are considered skyscrapers. The Emporis website defines a skyscraper as a building taller than 100 meters, as opposed to simply tall buildings (35 to 100 meters), and the SkyscraperCity website as a building taller than 200 meters. Skyscrapers higher than 300 m are called supertall by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat.

What is the first cause of death for a person falling from a height?
- or crashing to the ground,
- or from heartbreak from fear during flight,
- or for other reasons,
can only be determined with 100% certainty by a PATHOLOGIST during an autopsy.

Having decided on their own home, any citizen of the Russian Federation wants to carry out the acquisition procedure with the highest possible quality. In addition to the financial component in this matter, there is another, no less important one - the choice of a new home. When it comes to buying a private house, there are no particular difficulties, but when purchasing an apartment there are noticeably more of them.

For the most part, the question of choosing an apartment revolves around housing and the type of apartment building it is built in.

For those people whose choice fell on 5, 9 and 10-story “panels” from the USSR, of which there are many in our country, our resource presents today’s material. We will talk about apartment buildings of this particular type and their characteristics below.

What are the most typical projects of apartment buildings built in the USSR? Photo No. 1

In the early 60s of the last century, the USSR authorities admitted that in terms of the general level of development the country was lagging behind its main Western competitors. To solve the problem, reforms followed in many areas of life of Soviet citizens. The most large-scale modification affected the living conditions of residents of the USSR.

The main “housing reform” of that time was to provide every citizen of the “unions” with housing using a minimum amount of funds. Taking this feature into account, thousands of the best construction engineers began to work on creating the cheapest but high-quality technologies for the construction of apartment buildings (MCD). The apogee of the specialists’ work was the five- to nine-story “panels.” By the way, the authorities expected to operate such houses and apartments in them until 2000, but the unique Soviet quality made it so that these buildings are still in use.

Soviet MKD projects had an innovative feature - they were brought to life by panel construction, the essence of which is the use of reinforced concrete slabs (panels) to assemble a house as a constructor, which significantly reduced the cost of construction work and significantly increased its speed.

In general, in the period from the 40s to the 90s, entire series of small apartment buildings were built in the USSR. The most common and popular were Stalinist, Khrushchev and Brezhnevka.

From here the entire series received the corresponding names, or rather:

• The Stalinist series of MKDs were distinguished by the predominance of Stalinist apartments, both the old format and the more modernized one.
• Khrushchevsky - standard format Khrushchev apartments. Almost all “sockets” of the 60s were built in the “Khrushchev style”.
• Brezhnevsky - Brezhnev apartments are also of a standard format. Their peak occurred in the 80s.

How do typical projects differ from each other? Photo No. 2

Note that most of the panel MKDs of the 60-90s are standard Khrushchev-era apartments, but among them there were also variations with Stalinist apartments and Brezhnevka apartments, since they were quite popular.

In general, the housing reform became quite successful and the USSR authorities completely solved their main task - providing Soviet citizens with innovative housing. Surprisingly, many citizens of modern Russia still use and purchase this type of housing.

Characteristics of buildings

In the previous paragraph of the article, the main series of MKDs in the USSR were briefly mentioned. To better understand the concept of such, let's look at their characteristics in the following table:

It is worth noting that the housing stock from these series is mostly worn out, so there is no need to talk about the reliability of the buildings.

Regarding the general operational characteristics, we can say that Khrushchev buildings fully justify their status as social housing and do not differ in particular comfort, but Stalin buildings (at the moment practically not for sale due to severe wear and tear) and Khrushchev buildings are more comfortable housing, aimed not just at providing housing human needs, namely the comfort of his life.

About MKD series

Why were serial names assigned to apartment buildings? Photo No. 3

The popular series in the USSR did not have any special features, with the exception of Khrushchev’s “panels”. Due to the fact that this housing was built in huge quantities, it was given a serial name.

By the way, there were quite a lot of series, since each of them reflected certain changes in the concept of construction of apartment buildings of a particular period. Surprisingly, in 25 years - from the late 50s to the early 90s, almost a hundred series of houses were produced.

The most common of them were:

• Series 1-500 – typical panel MKDs from the times of Khrushchev. They were distinguished by 5 floors and one- and two-room apartments of a nondescript nature.
• Series 1-468 – improved panel houses. They were distinguished by 5-10 storeys and more comfortable apartments with 1-4 rooms.
• Series 83, 90 and 97 are the apogees of the Khrushchev era of MKD construction. They had a similar number of floors to the 1-468 series, but were more comfortable in terms of use.

Let us repeat, many series of MKDs were produced on the territory of the USSR in the 50-90s. Some of them were distinguished by their prevalence (described above), some by greater solidity (602, series-PP, etc.), and others by the number of floors (series-II up to 18 tiers, for example). There are several ways to more accurately find out the serial number of your specific MKD:

• having carefully studied the technical documentation for the apartment;
• by contacting the BTI at your place of residence with a corresponding request;
• by going to the official website of the housing control of the Russian Federation or another resource, where there is information about all series of apartment buildings being built in our country.

As a rule, series of houses are recognized to consider the specific features of their home. However, the wear and tear of most houses from the Stalin, Khrushchev and even Brezhnev series calls into question the relevance of this issue. Let's finish here. We hope the material presented above was useful to you.

You can learn about the history of the construction of Khrushchev houses in the USSR by watching the video:

Write a question to a housing lawyer in the form below See also Phone numbers for consultation

Discussion: 6 comments

A nine-story panel building is not the worst option, I live in one myself, but it can’t be called excellent either. The main complaint is sound insulation. Yes, she simply doesn’t exist! You can hear conversations not only from neighbors above or below, but sometimes even across the floor. It feels like the houses are made of thick cardboard and not for people, but for chickens and geese.

Answer

You can’t even argue that your own private house is best, but if you choose, then Stalin’s houses are better, they are built conscientiously and strong, they will last for many years, the main thing is that these houses belong to the city and are not ghost houses that are not occupied by anyone other than the owners .

Answer

It’s better what you have money for, although in my opinion it would be better if the house is recently built and new, in any case, it is not in danger of being demolished for a long time. In the USSR, houses were built conscientiously, the most budget option was the Khrushchev building.

Answer

I live in Khrushchevka. The house is brick, but the walls between the apartments are made of plaster blocks. Soundproofing is disgusting. If you stand under the wall and cough, your neighbors will hear you, not to mention laughter and children’s crying. The size of the rooms is small, the kitchen is tiny. But the sound insulation between floors is not that bad.

Answer

When we moved from the Brezhnev nine-story building, we chose a 12-story building from the same era, since the layout there had already been more or less improved. And the kitchen is 2 meters larger. I think the 12-story buildings are the most successful from the Brezhnev era.

Answer

Multi-storey buildings are a good solution to accommodate a large number of people in complete comfort in a limited area. But tall buildings put pressure on people; they become disconnected from the ground. And instead of being content with the sun's rays, you have to live in the shade of multi-story buildings.

How many years have multi-storey buildings been built?

If construction organizers do not pursue goals such as breaking any records during construction, or if they are not pressed for deadlines, then the building takes about 10 months to construct. Also, the timing depends on the height of the 9-story building. There are also such nuances as a lack of labor due to sudden epidemics, materials, and the vagaries of the weather. And in addition to height, a house can also occupy a certain area. It can be a whole complex or a house with one entrance, and the construction of each requires its own time frame.

To this you need to add the time required for the foundation to shrink. This is a necessary and natural process. This takes about a year or more. Shrinkage occurs depending on the natural conditions of the area (weather, soil) and the materials used in construction. Naturally, the building pushes the ground and settles a little in it. Before construction, specialists are required to study the structure of the soil, after which they draw up a construction plan - what materials to select, what height of a 9-story building in meters should be, the foundation, etc. It is also important to eliminate flooding of the sub- and near-ground parts, since groundwater has a negative impact on any building materials.

Tallest buildings in the world

If you think that the height of a 9-story building is too high, then you are mistaken. Compared to the tallest buildings in the world, this is just a fungus under a tree. In New York there is a tower called the Sears Tower, and its height is 443.2 meters! And this skyscraper is far from the tallest in the world. But the height of its observation deck will be visible to the entire city.

There is a skyscraper called the Empire State Building, and it has a height of 381 meters. Location - the same New York. A huge amount of materials were used in its construction. It has 102 floors and 6.5 thousand windows!

Completing the trio of examples is Shun Hing Square, and this one is already in the city of Shenzhen, which is located in China. Its height is 384 meters (69 floors). Construction took 3 years. Up to 4 floors were built per day. Even though the height of a 9-story building is small compared to skyscrapers, few companies can complete the work in such a time frame.

But if every construction company could meet such deadlines, then in a matter of years cities could turn into megalopolises. Many cities would lose their historical names and acquire new ones due to the fact that they underwent agglomeration. But let's not scare ourselves with fantasies.

Is it difficult to build high-rise buildings?

If you are looking for a master class on how to build a multi-story house with your own hands, then you better give up this idea. Since without special calculations your house will not stand for long. Often people cannot cope with the complexity and volume of work even when building a one-story private house.

We present the amount of basic materials needed during construction. To build one floor, you need 4,500 bricks, 10 kg of plaster, 10 floor slabs and much more. And the height of a 9-story building is not just abstract numbers. There are costs for the foundation, roofing, etc. In addition, a large workforce and special equipment are needed to lift building materials to a height.

The responsibilities for constructing a multi-story building are divided among a large number of people. There are many professions involved in this matter: from architects to builders. Do they find it difficult to cope with their responsibilities? Certainly!

The first tall buildings

Even in ancient times on Earth, people knew how to build structures of enormous size. Unfortunately, the technology has not reached our days. But the size is amazing! How could people, without modern tools, create such complex structures? The most famous buildings are the temples and pyramids of the Aztecs, Mayans, Egyptians, as well as Greek palaces. Even then, people knew how to create buildings that were complex not only in size, but also in shape and beauty.

Disadvantages of 9-story buildings

Living in a tall building is not always convenient. There are many disadvantages of living in 9-story buildings. For example, if you live on the top floors and the elevator is faulty. And the very possibility of getting stuck in an elevator is not attractive. The height of a 9-story building offers beautiful views of the city, but the likelihood that your children may fall off the windowsill while admiring them is very high if you do not prohibit them from playing and leaning on the window. Explain to children what consequences these activities may have.

And in case of an emergency, if you live on the highest floor, it will be more difficult for you to leave your apartment. It is dangerous to use the elevator, and it takes a long time to run up the stairs to the first floor; unforeseen circumstances can happen during the descent. The fire escape is not long enough to reach the 9th floor. However, help can come from the air. But there are floors that cannot be reached either from the air or with the help of a ladder.

So, it is better to develop an evacuation plan with your family in advance for any type of emergency. Keep a first aid kit and essentials ready, and most importantly, remember that safety depends primarily on you. Follow the rules of safe behavior yourself and don’t forget to teach them to your children.

Typical series of residential buildings

Typical series of residential buildings- types of houses of mass series, built in the cities of the USSR and in some Warsaw Pact countries, and are the basis of the architectural appearance of many residential areas of these cities. According to construction technology, serial houses are divided into panel, block and brick.

Story

Due to political, ideological and demographic reasons, the period of Khrushchev’s “thaw” was the first in the history of the Soviet planned economy, when, along with the development of heavy industry, a significant increase in the production of consumer goods and everything related in one way or another to the needs of people, rather than military-industrial complex and resource-consuming raw materials industries.

However, by the mid-1980s, only 85% of families had separate apartments: in 1986, Mikhail Gorbachev pushed back the deadline by 15 years, putting forward the slogan “Every Soviet family - a separate apartment by the year 2000.”

The prototype for the first “Khrushchev” buildings was the block buildings (Plattenbau), built in Berlin and Dresden since the 1920s. The construction of Khrushchev-era residential buildings lasted from 1959 to 1985. In 1956-1965, more than 13 thousand residential buildings were built in the USSR, and almost all were five-story buildings. This made it possible to introduce 110 million square meters of housing annually. An appropriate production base and infrastructure was created: house-building factories, reinforced concrete factories, etc. The first house-building factories were created in 1959 in the Glavleningradstroy system, and in 1962 they were organized in Moscow and other cities. In particular, during the period 1966-1970 in Leningrad, 942 thousand people received living space, with 809 thousand moving into new houses and 133 thousand receiving space in old houses. Since 1960, the construction of residential 9-story panel houses has been underway, and since 1963 - 12-story ones.

Technology

Prefabricated panel house components

Components of a panel house, which are large reinforced concrete slabs that are manufactured in factories. In factory conditions, reinforced concrete products are manufactured according to existing GOSTs, so it is assumed that their quality should differ in a positive direction from products produced directly on the construction site. But in reality, at some factories the proper technology is not followed. The construction of a panel house is reminiscent of assembling a children's construction set. Ready-made parts of the structure are delivered to the construction site, which the builders can only install. As a result, labor productivity in such a building is very high. The construction site area is much smaller than what is needed when building a brick house. Such lengthy and labor-intensive processes as installing reinforcement or concreting, which are typical for monolithic housing construction, are completely excluded. This is precisely where experts see the main advantage of panel housing construction over other types of construction. The disadvantages of this type are poor-quality assembly of the structure. The sore spot is the interpanel seams, through which, if done incorrectly, wind and water penetrate. Also, panel houses are characterized by poor sound insulation, in contrast to houses with wooden floors and some types of monolithic houses.

Seismic stability issues

Under the same conditions, panel and monolithic apartment and multi-storey buildings in a seismic zone are preferable due to the design features of these houses, in which almost all the walls are “load-bearing” and the floors are rigidly connected to each other. In such houses, individual elements are less flexible than in frame houses, and they work as a single structure. Houses with a reinforced concrete frame and brick walls must also withstand seismic loads, but in such houses there must be reinforced concrete transverse walls (stiffening diaphragms) to give the house stability, or reinforced concrete “stiffening cores”, the role of which is played by elevator shafts and stairs.

Typical series of houses

1940s

Since 1947, the USSR Academy of Architecture has been developing a fully prefabricated large-panel dwelling. Frame-panel and frameless houses are being built:

• 4-5 storeys (Moscow, Leningrad, Magnitogorsk)
• 8-storey with panels on two floors (Moscow)

1950s

The height of 5 floors was chosen because, according to the standards of that time, this was the highest number of storeys at which it was allowed to build houses without an elevator (however, sometimes houses with 6 floors were built - with a store on the ground floor).

Stalinka:

• II-01
• II-02
• II-03
• II-04
• II-05
• II-08

In English

• en:Category:Urban studies and planning Urbanism

Notes

1. although for many people a room in communal apartments in the first years of Soviet power was an improvement in living conditions, allowing them to move out of corners and basements;
2. Implementation of the Housing Mortgage Lending Program for employees of JSC Russian Railways and prospects for the participation of NPF Blagosostoyanie in it. Abstracts of the speech by E. V. Sukhorukova, Executive Director of the NPF “Blagosostoyaniye”: As many people know, in Soviet Russia the authorities first thought about providing citizens with housing after the war. In 1955, on August 23, a resolution was issued by the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR “On measures for further industrialization, improving quality and reducing the cost of construction.” Party directives ordered: by September 1956, to develop standard projects that would dramatically reduce the cost of housing construction and make it affordable for workers. The goal of the project was to