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Flemish(Dutch Vlaams) is a multi-valued concept.
The concept “Flemish language” can have the following meanings:
- narrow, otherwise defined as West Flemish (regional) language: collective name for West Flemish dialects;
- broad (see Dutch in Belgium): any variety of Dutch that can be used by Flemings - from dialects to standard version, including intermediate forms. Using an Expression Flemish in this meaning it is incorrect and is a consequence of either ignorance or a certain political position of the speaker. Literary and official language The Flemish language is Dutch, which is reflected in legislation, the names of relevant school subjects and the existence of the Dutch Language Union. Accordingly, the Flemish dialects are classified as Dutch dialects. See Dutch in Belgium and Belgian Dutch.
- collective name for the East and West Flemish dialects of the Dutch language. See Flemish dialects.
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An excerpt characterizing the Flemish language
“Someday, yes,” I answered.“Well, then I’ll wait for her,” the satisfied little girl said confidently. “And we’ll all be together again, right, dad?” You want mom to be with us again, don’t you?..
Her huge gray eyes shone like stars, in the hope that her beloved mother would one day also be here, in her new world, not even realizing that this HER current world for her mother would be nothing more and no less than just death ...
And, as it turned out, the little girl didn’t have to wait long... Her beloved mother appeared again... She was very sad and a little confused, but she behaved much better than her wildly frightened father, who now, to my sincere joy, is little by little came to his senses.
It is interesting that during my communication with such a huge number of entities of the dead, I could almost say with certainty that women accepted the “shock of death” much more confidently and calmly than men did. At that time I still could not understand the reasons for this curious observation, but I knew for sure that this was exactly the case. Perhaps they bore deeper and harder the pain of guilt for the children they left behind in the “living” world, or for the pain that their death brought to their family and friends. But it was precisely the fear of death that most of them (unlike men) were almost completely absent. Could this be to some extent explained by the fact that they themselves gave the most valuable thing that was available on our land - human life? Unfortunately, I didn’t have an answer to this question back then...
To get a job in almost all government institutions Belgium needs to know two languages. This condition puts the French-speaking population at a distinct disadvantage, since they have long been famous for having a deep aversion to learning the Flemish (Dutch) language. What good is it, they say, to learn a language that is spoken by only 6 million people? (22 million if you include the population of Holland.)
The Flemish are unable to believe that the Walloons stubbornly refuse to learn their language. Here you can easily meet a Walloon, married to a Flemish woman, living in Flanders and speaking almost no Flemish, except at the most primitive level. In retaliation, the Flemings - even those who hold government positions, and here knowledge of both official languages is as necessary as air - pointedly refuse to speak French.
If someone inadvertently blurts out that the Belgian government should have long ago decisively intervened in the education system and created conditions for teaching all Belgians both languages, then the Flemings will grin and answer: then the French-speaking population will not have a convenient excuse for refusing public service.
Flemish
Although the Flemings say that vlaams(Flemish) is a real language, in fact it is not so much a language as a collection of heterogeneous dialects. So heterogeneous that the inhabitants of the western part of Flanders can hardly understand the Flemings from the eastern province of Limburg. At school, Flemings learn Dutch, which is virtually the universal means of communication for all Dutch speakers. Only this allows the Flemings to contact each other, as well as with the Dutch themselves (the language is also full of dialects).
A secondary, but no less significant difference between the Dutch-speaking Flemings and the true Dutch is that, due to innate hostility, the former, unlike the latter, practically do not use words borrowed from French, for example, coiffeur(hairdresser). The Flemings use either a Dutch word instead of a French concept, or, if one is not available, an English one.
Walloon
The word "Walloon" comes from the name of the Romanized Celtic tribe of the Val. It lived in the southern part of Belgium and created its own own version French, which is essentially a mishmash of Celtic and Latin words. The Walloon language, therefore, is a dialectal form of the French language, or, to be completely precise, a set of regional dialects. Today, only a few speak pure Walloon. This language has almost disappeared, and only occasionally do French-speaking Walloon residents insert Walloon words into their speech for color. So, for example, some people call potatoes “ les canadas", not " les pommes de terre", as is customary in French.
Otherwise, the Walloons speak classical French, unless they say instead of “ soixante-dix" (seventy) " septante", and instead of " quatre-vingbt-dix" (ninety) " nonante”, - and with a traditional throaty accent, which the French love to imitate.
Brussels dialect
Brussels is the third most important administrative unit of Belgium. It is not part of either Flanders or Wallonia, although the vast majority of local residents speak French. In the old days, Flemish was spoken in Brussels. However, when Belgium became part of the Duchy of Burgundy, French became the language of the ruling classes, which then penetrated to the lower classes. Locals created their own mixed dialect, “Brussels” - it was mostly the same Flemish, only interspersed with French and Spanish words.
Among the Brussels residents there are still those who playfully, imperceptibly for themselves, switch from Flemish to French and back and equip their speech with rude words that come across only in the Brussels dialect.
Signs of the times
Belgium is a country of two languages (plus, of course, German), but not a bilingual population. Bilingual labels on products usually give foreigners a strange impression.
Guess from just one last name which one language group belongs to a Belgian, absolutely impossible. Some De Sterkke, Kix or Verbeek may well speak French, and (although this is less likely) some Belpaire, Cantre or Le Bon - Flemish.
In linguistically borderline areas, advertisements in one language tend to be covered in curse words in another. Many city names have two forms, and on road signs the name settlement they write the way its residents are used to. So if you are trying to travel to the French-speaking city of Mons, then you should know that since you are in Flemish territory, you are going not to Mons, but to Bergen, not to Liege, but to Luic, not to Namur, but to Name And vice versa, the Flemish city of Mechelen is in French Malin, Ieper - Ypres, Bern - Furne. Outside Brussels, the Walloon and Flemish communities, who argue childishly furiously over language, still lack the intelligence to agree and establish road signs in both languages.
Flemish is the common name for the Dutch language spoken in Belgium. It is owned by the majority of the country's population. This article will tell you about the features of this European language and its history.
Definition of the concept
The term “Flemish” has several meanings:
- the name of the Dutch language used in Flanders (northern part of Belgium), both the official version and its many dialects;
- a generalized name for the various dialects spoken in Flanders;
- the generalized name of the dialects of the former county of Flanders (corresponding to the modern territories of the provinces of West and East Flanders).
On modern stage This term refers to the Dutch language, which is spoken in the northern part of Belgium. This language belongs to the Indo-European family of languages, the West Germanic branch. Its distant relatives are German, Swedish and some other European languages.
In which country do they speak Flemish?
This language is spoken by about six million people in Belgium, that is, about sixty percent of the population speaks this dialect. Speakers mainly live in the northern part of the country. In addition to Flemish, the official language of Belgium is French. Flemish is the official language in the Flemish region of Belgium, which consists of five provinces.
Who are the Flemings
The Flemings are a people of Germanic origin, related to the Dutch. It gradually settled in its modern territory (from Roman times to the 14th century). Flemish did not differ from Dutch until the 16th century, when the two states separated because Protestantism was established in the Netherlands. While the Dutch gained independence, Belgium remained Catholic and under foreign rule. After this, Flemish dialects began to be used mainly in the sphere of everyday communication, and the Dutch language in the 17th and XVIII centuries had almost no influence on them.
The position of Flemish in Belgium today
Linguistic scientists believe that calling the Flemish dialect of the Dutch language an independent language is incorrect because Belgium is a fairly young country, and Flanders was in the past the southern region of the Netherlands. Currently in Belgium, dialects other than standard Dutch are considered dialects. The use of most dialectisms in means mass media and education is not allowed. Moreover, the use of dialects in speech is often considered a sign of low education. Recently, dialects in many regions of Flanders have been losing their influence, and young people know them much less well than older generations. At the same time, a certain number of dialect lexical units and word forms passed into the Dutch language and are used everywhere. However official version The language of Belgium is still different from that spoken in the Netherlands due to the influence of local dialects.
Types of Dutch dialects in Flanders
Experts identify 4 groups of related adverbs of the Dutch language in the northern territory of Belgium:
- Western Flemish dialects.
- Eastern Flemish dialects.
- Brabant dialects.
- Limburgish dialects.
At the moment, only Limburgish and Western dialects are quite widely used in everyday speech by the bulk of the population. In addition, the dialects of these groups are very different from official Dutch. Limburgish is used not only in Belgium (in the Limburg region), but also in the areas of Germany and the Netherlands bordering Belgium. In the Kingdom of the Netherlands, since 1997, this dialect has received the status of an independent language, but in Belgium itself it is treated simply as an adverb.
The Western dialect is common in the Belgian region of West Flanders. It is also strikingly different from classic Dutch. According to many philologists, there are more differences between this dialect and standard Dutch than between the latter and Afrikaans (a language common in the Republic of South Africa). However, Afrikaans in linguistics is considered an independent language, and West Flemish is just a dialect. Its widespread use in West Flanders is due to the fact that in the second half of the 19th century there was a movement of local writers and linguists who actively resisted the introduction of a standard version of the language. The most active figure in this movement was the poet Guido Gesele.
Brabant and East Flemish dialects, on the contrary, are actively falling out of use due to the spread of the standard Dutch language. Basically they are spoken exclusively in rural areas. All of the dialects listed also have some differences from standard Dutch in grammar.
