Modern fasteners

In the last decade, new ones have come to us from abroad construction technologies and along with them modern building, facing and insulating materials. Unfortunately, much less is known about modern fasteners in our country.

General purpose fasteners

Designed for fastening to any building structures made of concrete and brick - solid and hollow (from hollow brick to hollow aerated concrete blocks). The fasteners include a dowel and a screw for wood or chipboard.

Hollow material fasteners

Used for fastening light elements - lamps, shelves, baseboards, switches, cornices, hangers, pictures, etc. to hollow (thin-walled) structures, such as plasterboard, gypsum fiber sheets (GVL), chipboard, sheet steel, hollow profiles , ceilings with voids, hollow doors, etc. The fastener consists of a special dowel for hollow materials and a screw.

Dowels for insulating materials

Designed for mechanical fastening of hard and soft insulating materials in the form of a panel or sheet ( stone wool, glass wool, polystyrene, polyurethane, polystyrene foam, fiberboard boards, coconut fiber mats, cork, etc.) on a concrete plane, lightweight concrete, natural stone, solid and hollow bricks, hollow blocks and aerated concrete. For installation of some models of such dowels, additional nails and screws are not required. Other models come complete with a steel expansion nail. Leading manufacturers of fasteners use only galvanized and passivated (with additional coating) steel nails with increased bending strength.

Dowels for aerated concrete

Already from the name itself it is clear that they are designed specifically for attaching windows, doors, grilles, consoles, pipelines, suspended ceilings, wood and metal structures, cable routes, plumbing equipment, etc. to building structures made of aerated concrete. locking screw made of galvanized and passivated or stainless steel.

This is the most modern class of fastening systems. They are intended for mounting parts on structures made of heavy concrete, dense natural stone and other dense materials of equal strength in cases where an increased level of reliability and safety is required (including for fastening facade cladding and load-bearing elements structures - traverses, consoles, etc.). The principle of operation of chemical fastening systems is based on filling the prepared hole with a special two-component mixture, which, when hardened, “tightly” fixes an anchor or threaded rod in the hole (the outward end of the rod looks like an ordinary threaded rod). The mixture is in a glass cartridge, which is inserted into the hole. After this, a rod is screwed in, which crushes the glass, and the mixture fills the entire volume of the hole.

Injection fastening systems

They are a type of chemical fastening system. The difference lies in the method of filling the hole - in this case, by directly squeezing the mixture out of the cartridge, similar to the use of sealants. Such fasteners are used for the installation of gratings, fences and railings, pipelines, plumbing fixtures, etc. Depending on the material of the building structure - hollow or solid - the system is used with or without an anchor sleeve, respectively.

Used for fastening sinks, urinals, bidets, wall hung toilets, water heaters for wall structures made of concrete, natural stone, solid solid brick gypsum boards, hollow blocks, aerated concrete (there are special models designed for fastening to walls made of plasterboard, gypsum fiber boards, chipboard). This fastener includes a dowel, a galvanized and passivated steel stud, a nylon flange nut and a metal decorative cap. Toilet fasteners are designed for attaching toilets to concrete floor. It consists of a dowel, a brass screw, a locking sleeve and a decorative cap.

Fasteners for balcony structures

Designed for fastening wooden balcony cladding, polymer materials and metal, general cladding, small pieces of equipment, wire ties, building elements etc. To structural elements balconies. Simply put, such fasteners are designed for fastening to thin-walled metal elements, from which the balcony fence is assembled (pipes, profiles, sheets, panels and slabs several millimeters thick). The fastening consists of a nylon spacer with a collar, a brass screw and a decorative cap.

Frame fasteners

Designed for fastening frames, connecting wall and plaster profiles, wooden parts(including plaster lathing), skirting boards, wall corners, cable ducts, cable and pipe clamps, etc. The fastener consists of a special frame dowel and an expansion screw.

Designed for invisible mounting wooden steps to concrete or metal profiles, solid brick, natural stone. The fasteners include: a nylon dowel with a shoulder for fastening to solid materials or a nylon spacer cartridge with a shoulder for fastening to thin-walled structural elements, a brass or galvanized and passivated steel screw, a core for accurately marking holes in the board. Such fasteners can be used not only for stair steps, but also for invisible fastening of any other wooden elements.

Dowel clamp

Designed for securing individual cables, flexible pipes or cable harnesses for building structures made of concrete, solid silicate and clinker bricks, natural stone, lightweight concrete and aerated concrete.

Cable and pipe clamp

Designed for rational fastening of cables and pipelines to building structures. The clamps themselves are attached to the structures using dowels and screws. These clamps are available in various sizes, each equipped with a special element that allows the clamps to be fastened together.

Fastener selection

When choosing fasteners, you need to remember that this is a very serious and responsible matter. After all, pieces of furniture, lighting fixtures, and technical structures that are attached to the walls and ceiling are, as a rule, located higher than human height (in any case, higher than the height of a child). Moreover, even not the heaviest of them (say, a picture or a sconce), if it breaks from its fastening, can cause very serious injuries. What can we say about a hanging cabinet that has fallen off the wall or bookshelf. That's why main advice: if you want to feel calm and safe in your own home, use only fasteners from the world's leading manufacturers. Installation is a responsible matter, and the quality of your repair depends on how it is carried out. In order to choose the right fasteners (with the help of tables you can easily select fasteners, depending on the material used) and learn about new fastening systems, you can view catalog of Fischer fastening systems 2014.

Modern fastening systems are a guarantee of high-quality and reliable fastening

At the end of June 2017 in Germany, the Fischer Group, a world leader in the field, received the “Special Trust” award (“Stein im Brett”), becoming No. 1 in the field of construction fasteners. The main criteria for receiving a high rating were product quality, price, ease of installation, and the desire to recommend the product to others. The award was awarded based on the results of a survey of builders and sales representatives. The questionnaire included 297 suppliers of construction equipment in 26 product categories.

The ease of installation of Fischer products was especially noted. This is most recognized important aspect in the daily work of builders and one of the main reasons why craftsmen recommend to each other fasteners from this particular German manufacturer. In order to continuously improve products and simplify the installation process, Fischer specialists regularly organize meetings with installers and builders, as well as with representatives of trading companies. “After all, only those who work with our products every day help to find solutions to various construction problems on various sites and can truly judge the quality of products and services, as well as the level of the manufacturer,” comments Ralf Haefele, Managing Director of FischerGermany Sales GmbH.

The study was carried out during 3000 master classes by the ibau information center. The purpose of the survey was to determine the “especially revered” brand and the best manufacturer in construction industry. “This survey is the largest and most significant in German trade,” said Sven Homann, Managing Director of ibau. The study was carried out with the support of the marketing agency Heinze and the online platform Helden am Bau.

The quality of furniture assembly and the reliability of its operation are largely influenced by fasteners designed to connect individual elements to each other and used for installation of products. Of course, the type and design features of the fasteners depend on the category of furniture and the conditions of its use.

Modern industry offers a sufficient number of new fastening accessories that greatly facilitate the assembly of furniture and increase the durability of its use in the most adverse conditions. For example, kitchen samples made from cheap particle board are more likely to fail through panel delamination or peeling. decorative covering than they will fail due to poor quality or reliability of fasteners.

Today, with industrial and self-production For furniture products, quite a few types of fasteners are used, differing in functionality, method of fixation, size and protective coating.

Fastener categories

If half a century ago the main elements for assembling furniture components were wooden dowels, and installation of various pieces on site was carried out using nails or screws, today the range of accessories for connecting individual parts and furniture elements has expanded significantly.

Modern fastening and connecting parts can be divided into several categories, including both highly specialized products and universal fittings:

The most common types of furniture fasteners

Let's consider the most common groups of connecting and fastening fittings for furniture, features of their installation and operation.

Button or decorative head screws and bolts with a fixing mustache or carriage - the main specimens used to tie individual panels frame furniture. Thanks to the fixing mustache or square head, the bolt (screw) is fixed in the hole of the particle board, which prevents it from turning. Due to this design feature The assembler has the ability to tighten the nut without additional fixation of the screw.

Universal screws with countersunk or semi-countersunk head have splines various shapes(cross, with internal hexagon, straight slot and others) and intended for fastening individual assembly parts inside furniture designs. They are used for:

Note!

When using universal screws, either screwdrivers with replaceable bits or sets of screwdrivers with replaceable tips are used.

Confirmats (europrops) V modern production furniture are the most popular type of fastening and fixing devices. This type is used for fastening any parts made of chipboard or MDF panels.

Before screwing in the Euroscrews, holes are pre-drilled in the parts using a special confirmatory drill, the diameter of which depends on the diameter of the fixing element. To screw this type of fastener, use either special bits or screwdrivers with seed tips. The type of bit or attachment depends on the type of slot.

Eccentrics other accessories, bearing the somewhat exotic name of rasteks and minifixes, allows you to connect and attract panels located at right angles to each other. Despite obvious advantages In this category of fasteners, their main disadvantages are:

• the need for additional milling of furniture panels to install individual fasteners;
• relatively high cost.
• high precision markings and complexity of installation of individual fasteners;

Note!

To install individual minifix parts you will need three various types woodworking tools - one end mill and two drills of different diameters.

Furniture corners have proven themselves to be a reliable, easy-to-install element. Today they can be made either of metal or of special, high-strength plastic. At industrial production The color of the plastic corner is matched to the color of the furniture.

Modern furniture dowels made of wood, plastic or metal. Their main advantages are the low cost and ease of connecting furniture parts together. To increase the reliability of the connection, there is a corrugation on the surface of the dowels.

Special types of fastening accessories

Today, furniture, individual parts of which are made of glass sheets or in the form of mirrors, is becoming increasingly popular. If ten years ago glass was mainly used as doors furniture cabinet and showcases or doors of racks and shelves, then today glass table top magazine or dining table you won't surprise anyone.

To connect glass parts and furniture elements made from other materials, they are used. special types fittings that are attached to glass surfaces using special adhesive compositions, by wrinkling the clamps with rubber gaskets or by drilling holes in the glass. When choosing this category of fittings, you must pay attention to the weight that it can withstand, which is specifically stated in the instructions for its use.

This review will focus on new furniture fittings.

Fasteners, otherwise called hardware, are one of the most widely used parts. Everyone knows what fasteners are and for what purposes they are used.

Their significance when carrying out construction work and in the economy it is difficult to overestimate. The term "hardware" arose from the abbreviation of the phrase " hardware".

There are two types of fasteners: detachable and permanent. The fastener industry is constantly growing, and the variety of fasteners used is very wide. The reason is that these parts are an indispensable attribute of any development in the field of mechanical engineering. The standard for fasteners is regulated in the GOST document “Fasteners. Terms and definitions. GOST 27017-86”.

Let's take a closer look at what types of fasteners there are.

Anchor

An anchor is a fastener designed to connect structures and products. It is also customary to call a part that is partially concreted into any structure.

Types of anchors:

• ceiling;
• driving;
• wedge;
• frame;
• with a half ring;
• with a ring;
• with nut.

What unites these parts is the function they perform - fasteners. Thus, a drive-in anchor with an internal thread and a cone-shaped wedge is needed to secure materials and equipment to brick or concrete. Installing such an anchor is simple: it is installed in a hole that has already been drilled earlier. The radius and depth of such a hole are selected based on the size of the anchor.

The wedge anchor is used for quick fastening in concrete, a common material for structures such as planks, profiles, suspended ceilings. This type of anchor is often used to secure heavy equipment to solid foundations. To install a wedge anchor, a hole is drilled in the concrete, into which the anchor is driven with a hammer, after which it is tightened with a nut. Ceiling anchors made of galvanized steel fix metal profiles, facades, railings, gratings on a concrete or stone base without cracks.

The frame anchor is designed for attaching frames and door frames made of wood and metal to a brick or concrete base.

Bolt

Bolts are cylindrical metal fasteners with a metric external thread and a head at one end, usually designed for nuts. The bolt head can be hexagonal, cylinder or spherical. Bolts allow you to create a connection using a nut or a pre-made threaded hole in the part to be connected.

A stepped bolt differs in that the diameter of its thread is smaller than the diameter of the smooth part. The head of the foundation bolt has special form, which helps to attach equipment directly to the base.

The most widespread type is a bolt with a hexagon-shaped head for a wrench. Bolt sizes may vary.

This fastener, like a bolt, is usually inserted into a pre-made through hole parts to be fastened, then a nut is screwed onto the thread, and the parts are tightened with a wrench. The friction force allows the connection to be secured. To transfer part of the load to the bolt, maximum precision in manufacturing the rod and the hole for it in the parts is required. To prevent parts from becoming deformed, washers are placed under the bolt head and nut. Bolt sizes allow you to find the right fastener for any task.

Nail

The material for making ordinary nails is steel and steel wire. The marking of nails includes two numbers: the first is the diameter of the rod, the second is the length of the rod in millimeters. The head of the nail can be either smooth or grooved. Screw, club and corrugated nails are distinguished by the presence of helical, longitudinal and transverse grooves, burrs or dents on the rod. Such nails have greater resistance to pulling out.

Hardened steel nails can be driven into brick and concrete walls. True, when working with them, it is necessary to take into account their increased fragility. For fastening to rigid bases, roofing felt, wallpaper, and plaster nails are used. They are available with a flat head, wider than conventional nails, and a shorter shank. In aggressive environments, copper nails can be used, which are almost not subject to corrosion, as well as galvanized or alloy steel.

The operation of hammering nails has its own specifics. In order for the nail to be driven in efficiently, you need to follow a number of requirements.

To prevent dents from appearing on the parts during nailing, you need to use a countersink. In order for the fastening to be strong, the nail shaft must enter 2/3 of the length into the lower part being fastened. When driving small nails, it is best to use auxiliary tools. To make the joints of the parts being connected stronger, it is better to drive the nail at an angle. When using thick nails, to avoid splitting the board, you need to slightly blunt their sharp ends. If you plan to hang any weight on a nail being driven into the wall, it should be driven not perpendicular to the wall, but at an angle from top to bottom.

A nail that has passed through must be carefully bent using triangular file. In order not to damage the surface of the parts when pulling out nails using pliers, you need to use a plate that is placed under the pliers, reducing the pressure on the part. If you plan to dismantle parts in the future, it is preferable to use screws rather than nails.

In some cases, liquid nails are used to fasten products. They are made from polymer materials and rubber. Liquid nails can provide sufficient fastener strength no worse than metal nails. One drop of nails of this type can withstand a force of 50 kg. But their main advantage is maintaining integrity decorative surface. Scope of application liquid nails very wide. They are used for gluing to a variety of wall and ceiling panels, plasterboard, chipboard, fiberboard, wood, cardboard, ceramics, stucco decorations, glass, metal and many other materials.

When purchasing liquid nails you need to be careful. Various brands This material has a certain degree of adhesion.

It is advisable to use liquid nails:

• at high humidity premises;
• for temperatures not lower than -10 0 C.

For example, neutral nails are harmless because they are based on a water solution. However, they cannot be used to glue metal. They don't like either subzero temperatures. Nails on organic solvents have increased setting speed and can withstand temperatures down to -20°C. Their disadvantage is the presence of volatile harmful substances. Within 5 days after use they emit bad smell. Liquid nails set in 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the brand. However, they completely polymerize only after a day.

Screws

In order for screws to fully perform their function as reliable fasteners, it is necessary to choose their size and type correctly. So, screws are fasteners for wooden structures. Their rod tapers towards the end and performs the function of a drill. This type of fastener cannot be driven in like nails - they are screwed in completely. Before using screws small size First, a puncture is made using an awl. Large screws will be easier to screw if you first drill a hole of a slightly smaller diameter.

Screws are used to connect metal structures. The screw head helps to press the parts being connected, and its shape is chosen so that the screw can be easily tightened using spanner or a screwdriver. Screw heads can be hexagonal, semicircular or countersunk. The flat end of the screw has a chamfer to prevent thread entry.

A screw is a fastener that is screwed into a threaded hole. In some cases, a hole is drilled at the end of the screw for the use of a cotter pin - a wire rod with a semicircular cross-section, bent almost in half. The cotter pin serves to prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the fastener.

Often a washer is installed between the part and the nut, the internal hole of which allows the screw rod to pass through it. If the screw is rusty, a hammer or special crimps are used to remove it. Heating the nut can often help with this. gas burner or a blowtorch. If open fire is prohibited for some reason, you can use a hot iron rod or a large soldering iron.

screw

A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole cut inside. The most widely used are galvanized nuts. The shape of nuts can be hexagonal, round with a notch, square, with protrusions for fingers. The main purpose of a nut is to connect parts using a bolt.

Types of nuts:

• hexagonal;
• square;
• "lamb";
• flanged with a groove for a cotter pin in the shape of a cap;
• T-shaped, with a plastic insert.

It is also worth noting that nuts are also divided by strength class in accordance with the bolts with which it is used.

Dowel

Dowels are used for fastening in solid wall foundations. Dowel fastening is based on the principle of friction, which occurs due to the expansion of the fastener during installation, creating a holding force. The dowel is capable of bearing large static loads. When installing with dowels, the fastener is destroyed during the pulling process. The dowel is made from polymers. Their physical and mechanical properties can vary greatly depending on various factors. These are the characteristics of the filler, the ratio of components, and the parameters of the binder. The disadvantages of polymers include low heat resistance, tendency to deform under load, and aging.

Only screws correctly selected for the dowel can withstand the maximum load. They must have the maximum permissible length and diameter corresponding to the length and thickness of the dowel. When using other fasteners great value has a thread profile because it determines the expansion effect. The use of self-tapping screws and self-tapping screws for fastening drywall sheets is not recommended.

A number of manufacturers produce dowels that allow the installation of screws with metric threads. The greatest locking is achieved with a dowel in concrete, stone and other solid solid materials. It must be taken into account that the hole for installing the dowel must be drilled in accordance with the recommendations for depth, diameter and distance from the edge. There should be no cracks or chips as a result of drilling the hole. The hole must also be cleared of debris and dust.

Among the offerings of manufacturing companies, you can find varieties of dowels that have an increased length, necessary for soft and hollow materials. When installed in such a base, fastening can be achieved by fixing the internal stop of the parts. For installations occurring in hollow materials, fastening is based on a combination of friction and internal stop. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that determine the reliability of fastening in all their interrelationships.

Rivet

A detail such as a blind rivet combined type, consists of an aluminum body and a rod made of galvanized steel. This design is the most common. The purpose of the rivet is to connect two or more surfaces of thin sheet. The need for a rivet arises in cases where a permanent connection using a power tool is required, when access on the side of the closing head of the rivet is limited or blocked.

There is also a rivet nut - a fastener that has received widespread in mechanical engineering and electronics. The rivet nut is designed to create threaded connections in metal and other materials. thin materials high strength. Among the rivets, steel rivets are the most durable. Steel rivets are protected from corrosion by galvanizing.

Threaded rivets differ from conventional blind rivets in that they not only connect sheet materials, but also have an internal screw thread.

High-quality threaded rivets are installed in places where it is difficult to reach using such a simple tool as a rivet gun.

Since the choice of lengths and diameters of rivets is very wide, the search for the one best suited for the task must be carried out according to the markings on the product.

Self-tapping screw

To fasten thin metal parts to wooden or plastic surfaces, self-tapping screws with fine threads are used. Fastening of insulation, fiberboard, and wooden parts is done with self-tapping screws with large threads. Having a drill-shaped tip, it is capable of independently making holes in parts to be fastened. If a self-tapping screw is screwed into a hole drilled in advance, self-tapping screws with a sharp tip are used. A universal black self-tapping screw is used to fasten plasterboard sheets to tin profiles. Universal self-tapping screw white used for fastening steel, plastic and wooden materials. Self-tapping screws are the most widely used fasteners for wooden structures.

Washer

The washer is made from cold rolled steel strip. It is a round plate with an internal hole and is used to increase strength bolted connections by placing it under the head of a bolt or nut. Thanks to the rivet, the pressing surface of the parts to be fastened increases, which helps protect the joined surfaces from deformation when the nut is tightened.

Hairpin

A stud is a fastener that has the shape of a cylindrical rod with external threads cut either along its entire length or at the ends. This connection is used if none of the materials involved in the connection have threads. The connection is then secured with a nut, sometimes supplemented with a washer. The use of studs as fasteners is harmful appearance products.

Screw

A screw is a fastener in the form of a rod with external thread with a point conical shape, and the head at the other end. It has the ability to create new threads in plastic or wood products. Screws are hardware and fasteners that are most widely used in construction and finishing work. They also cannot be replaced during installation. plasterboard sheets on a frame made of metal or wood.

Various types of screws are also used in roofing, facade works for connection metal sheets. The roofing screw has a hexagonal head and is equipped with ordinary and sealing washers, the latter made of weather-resistant rubber. This type of screw is painted and comes in 18 colors, helping to give the building an aesthetically pleasing appearance.

Each type of fastener is produced to perform specific functions. This explains the wide variety that fasteners offer. The price of hardware varies and can range from 2-3 rubles to several thousand rubles per piece, but they are often sold by the kilogram.

Fasteners are intended for specific materials and parts. So, using certain types of fasteners, you can connect metal with drywall, two metal products, or metal with wooden parts.

They are used to connect (fasten) machine elements and structures. Fastening parts include bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, wedges, rivets, etc. products, as well as auxiliary parts (for example, washers and cotter pins). * * * FASTENING… … Encyclopedic Dictionary

FASTENING PARTS- standard, mass-produced parts for rigid fastening of machine elements and structures. K. d. include metal (see): bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, rivets, etc., as well as auxiliary parts, washers and cotter pins... Big Polytechnic Encyclopedia

Parts for fixed connection of machine parts and structures. These usually include parts of threaded connections (See. Threaded connection): bolts, screws, studs, nuts, wood screws, screws, washers, cotter pins, and pins. The main parameter... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Parts for rigid fastening of machine elements and structures. K. d. include bolts, screws, studs, nuts, screws, rivets, dowels, etc. products, as well as auxiliary. washers and cotter pins. K.D. are standardized and produced mainly... ...

This term has other meanings, see Schlitz. Phillips Phillips slot Slot of a fastener is a recess in the head of a threaded ... Wikipedia

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This term has other meanings, see Goujon. Goujon (French goujon) is a type of screw with a semi-secret or semi-circular head and a square above the head. After screwing in the goujon, the square is cut down, that is, the connection... ... Wikipedia

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