Brief description With step by step photos simple way making hooks in the form of doubles and tees at home. Solder hooks like this at home standard sizes there is no special need.
In case the equipment or tackle requires a non-standard double or tee (in a combination of hooks different sizes), then the soldering method below is quite suitable for homemade with your own hands.
Soldering tees or doubles the right size, shapes and combinations of hooks
Sometimes an angler needs to solder hooks himself. This is due, for example, to the inability to purchase a suitable tee. Most often, large hooks are found on sale, but small tees are not found. And such hooks are often required for other baits.
To solder a tee you will need single hooks, a vice, a soldering iron or torch, solder, flux, sandpaper and thin wire.
It is advisable to choose sharp hooks. You will need three of them. Two of them have their ears bitten off. After this, the ends are thoroughly cleaned with sandpaper.
Next, the hooks are wound with thin wire into a finished tee. The wire should also be cleaned of insulation and sanded a little. If you don't have wire, you can use bread that has been crumpled into a ball. The hooks are inserted into it before soldering.
Before soldering, the soldering areas must be treated with flux. This is necessary for high-quality adhesion of solder to the hooks. Usually the can of flux has instructions on how to apply it.
After this, the future tee is clamped in a vice. It is placed horizontally. This makes it much easier to apply solder. Before soldering, you need to protect the hook eye. This can be done with a small piece of fresh bread.
You can solder the hooks either with a soldering iron or with a small gas torch. In both cases, the steel of the hooks will lose a little of its properties. This is due to the release of the tip as it cools. If soldering is carried out with a soldering iron, then the solder should be at the tip of its tip.
If soldering with a torch, then a small piece of solder is placed directly at the soldering site. First of all, you need to heat not the solder itself, but the hooks. This will allow the molten metal to be distributed correctly. After soldering, the finished tee is allowed to cool.
Homemade tees or doubles are naturally inferior in quality to store hooks, but they cope with their main tasks quite well.
Sometimes fishing requires the use of non-standard tees or doubles, for example, for high-quality baiting or
At home, you can make fishing hooks that will not be inferior in quality to factory hooks. In order to make such a hook, you only need to know the technology of heat treatment of steel. Manufacturing plants use carbon tool and spring steels.
Each steel has its own marking and can be classified.
As an example, we can specify U8A steel, and its marking stands for:
- U– carbon steel;
- 8 — the number 8 means that such steel contains 0.8% carbon;
- A– the category into which this steel falls in terms of concentration harmful substances. Category A means that such steel is safe.
Also, steel can have a designation similar to this - St. 70. this marking means that such steel contains 0.70% carbon.
Heat treatment of steel
In order to subject the steel heat treatment, you need to heat it up, then cool it quickly. If raw steel can be in various ways deform, then with hardened steel everything is much more difficult. Although the resulting material is hard, it is very brittle. In this regard, processing of hardened steel will only be possible with abrasive materials.
It should be noted that a technology was invented that is popularly called “Vacation”. Its essence is to heat hardened steel to a low temperature, and then cool it in a cool room or oil.
With such additional processing, the following changes occur in hardened steel:
- The fragility of the metal is reduced;
- Hardness decreases slightly;
- Cooling occurs much faster.
The final stage of preparing the required steel will involve heating it to a temperature that should be less than those listed above.
Cooling of such steel should be carried out at outdoors. With this step, the steel acquires the properties of raw steel.
Practice shows:
- Steel with a carbon concentration of less than 0.3% does not need to be hardened.
- Each grade of steel has its own strictly quenching temperature.
- If the hardening temperature is exceeded, the steel will lose all its properties. Further use of such steel is impossible.
It should be noted that after each process the break should not exceed a day.
Main types of offset printers
There are two main types of offset hooks:
- Coolheads. Designed for large silicone baits;
- Worm-shaped.
These two hooks are completely different. Their design is different, although the category is the same. To choose the right hook, you should take into account the fact that the bait should slide down and slightly open the tip of the hook.
It should be noted that in order to ensure the best hooking, it is necessary to choose a hook twice as large as the bait itself.
If a fisherman uses special silicone worms, then it is best to use hooks that are designed for this purpose.
Manufacturing of miniature offset hooks
IN summer time It is almost impossible to catch fish with a regular spinning rod. This is explained by the fact that in summer fish usually gather in places with an overgrown bottom or where there are snags. This is where the offset hook comes in handy. This type of hook has a curved shank, which reduces the likelihood of an unexpected snag.
Offset makers can be made from a regular crochet hook. For this matter Any will do a hook with a long shank. But you should select hooks that are made of high-quality steel. Such a hook will break when bent if it is released over a flame.
To prevent the entire structure of the hook from being released, it is best to grip it with pliers. We take the part that does not need “vacation” and hold it over the flame, for example, gas burner. It should be noted that the shank of the hook will never change its properties. At the end we get a strong hook, the strength of which is very high.
How to make a tee?
The use of treble hooks is very often observed among experienced anglers who hunt large predatory fish. You can easily make such a hook yourself, you just need to have a single hook.
In order to make such a hook with your own hands you will need:
- A small piece of very thick rubber;
- Single hooks;
- Thin wire;
- Soldering.
The manufacturing process is quite simple and primitive. A hole is made in a piece of rubber with an awl or a small nail. Three single hooks fit into this hole. The shank of the hooks should be completely inserted into the rubber so that they fit tightly and do not dangle.
Then, at the other end, copper wire is wrapped around the eye of the hooks, which will then be solderable. After which the hook must be carefully removed and used for its intended purpose.
When fishing is carried out using a spinning rod, the fisherman sometimes needs to change such tees on spoons. However, it should be taken into account that each such hook on a spoon is designed for a certain length.
Therefore, if you have such a problem and need to lengthen the tee, then this can be done as follows. You need to wrap copper wire around the ear, then heat it with solder and pull it to the required length.
How to make a fishhook from a tin can?
In order to make a hook from a tin can, we need a tongue on the lid, with which such a can is opened. This kind of language will make an almost professional hook. The tongue is shaped like a figure eight. It is necessary to make a small cut of the bottom circle and sharpen it with a nail file.
The result is an excellent sharp hook that can be made at home in 3 minutes.
Invisibility hook
If you decide to make a hook with your own hands, then a hook made from a bobby pin is perfect for this. This hairpin can be bought at any store. And from a bag of such hairpins you will get more than 15 fishing pins, with which you can catch large predatory fish.
In order to make such a hook, you will need the following set of tools:
- Pliers;
- Round nose pliers;
- Flat cutters;
- File;
- Wooden block.
To make such a hook you just need to bend both ends of the hairpin. Then measure the required length and cut off the excess. And sharpen the ends with a file.
As it turns out, making such a hook is very easy, and its strength will allow you to catch large fish.
Do-it-yourself sharpening of fishing hooks
Most hooks are produced by the manufacturer in an insufficiently sharpened condition. Before assembling the rod, you need to sharpen such hooks. At home, hooks are most often sharpened with a file or an abrasive stone.
However, with the help of such devices you can only sharpen the shank of the hook, and it is almost impossible to remove burrs. It should be noted that repeated sharpening of the hook will lead to the fact that such a hook will wear off and it will become impossible to fish with it.
However, such problems can be avoided if you approach this issue correctly.
We will indicate the procedure for correct sharpening of hooks and describe the implementation of each stage:
- You need to buy yourself two abrasive blocks, blue and red. These two bars need to be crushed into a coarse powder, a hammer will help us with this.
- Heat up the epoxy resin. During the heating process, add the previously obtained powder.
- When epoxy resin Let's start thickening, add any hardener.
- It is necessary to prepare the needle file in advance. Then apply the resulting mass to the handle of the needle file.
- The smeared file must be rolled out on a hard surface. To avoid dust or debris, it is best to sprinkle the surface with the remaining abrasive dust.
It should be noted that such a needle file can finally be used after two days. Before this, touching the file is prohibited. When two days have passed, we get unique device for sharpening all types of hooks.
What is the best way to sharpen a hook?
It is necessary to insert the resulting needle file into an electric drill, and take the hook with pliers. This way you will never have any hangnails.
In order to sharpen large hooks, you should use blue abrasive, and for small ones, red abrasive.
So we've covered everything important points, which relate to making hooks at home. These hooks are in no way inferior to factory hooks. So feel free to take them with you fishing. Happy biting!
Page 1
Marking of a tee, the type of which corresponds to the types of column 2, but the angle of inclination of the branch is different from the angles indicated in the table. 6 (p.
Marking tees and crosses is very labor-intensive, therefore, in the manufacture of normalized shaped parts, combined templates made in full size are used to develop individual parts. Templates are a device made of thin sheet steel, on which the main points of development of a tee or cross are marked for different cases combinations of diameters. To do this, holes and recesses are cut out on the template for punching points on the marked sheet. In addition, pattern curves are cut out on the template, allowing you to draw separate contour lines when constructing a development. Thus, depending on the size of the root and branches, points and curves are designated by putting numbers indicating the diameter of the hole.
Marking tees includes two operations: marking the branch and marking the trunk.
Marking of equal tees and tees with a branch pipe having a smaller diameter than the pipe during installation is carried out without a template. Equally passing tees are marked by geometrically constructing the intersection points of the pipe with the pipe. These points are connected to each other using a strip of cardboard placed on the pipe. When marking multi-bore tees, the pipe at the connection point is installed on the pipe. Pressing a scriber or chalk pencil tightly to the pipe, lines are drawn on the pipe to cut out the hole in the pipe. Using the markings, a hole is cut in the pipe into which the pipe is inserted. Using chalk or a scriber, mark the cut line of its end on the surface of the pipe.
To mark tees and crosses, combined templates developed by the Promventilatsiya trust are used. These templates (Fig. 169, c) are made in a factory way.
How to cut into a plastic pipe: features of the work + analysis of all the important nuances
In special tables placed in the instructions and standards issued by the Promventilatsiya trust, the dimensions of the elements of tees and crosses with different central angles are indicated.
When marking round tees and crosses with a diameter of up to 900 mm using combined templates, compliance with the geometric dimensions established by the normal is ensured, while maintaining a constant central angle of the tee and crosses.
These methods for marking branched tees are applicable for all rotation angles.
When compiling tables for marking tees with offset axes, we were guided by the z dimension, measured from the vertical tangent to the circumference of the trunk to the generatrix of the branch, taking into account that it is this dimension that is oriented towards during the installation of pipelines.
Each individual template is designed for marking tees or crosses with one trunk root diameter for various combinations of trunk and branch diameters.
Typically, the greatest difficulties are encountered when marking tees and oblique transitions, and therefore we have given Table. 6 - 8 to determine the ordinate lengths of both shoots and holes in the trunks.
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Design - tee
Page 1
The design of a straight equal tee (Fig. 153, a) includes a trunk of a constant cross-section and a branch (transition 2) with a reduced cross-section.
The following dimensions determine the design of the tee with round: diameter of the lower base D, diameter of the trunk Dlt diameter of the branch D8, height H, angle a between the axes of the air duct and the branch.
The main dimensions that determine the design of tees are the diameter of the lower base D, the diameter of the trunk D, the diameter of the branch DZ, the height of the tee and the angle a between the axis of the trunk and the branch.
What are the main dimensions that determine the design of tees and crosses?
The design of a straight equal tee (Fig. 151, a) includes a trunk of constant cross-section - a straight section / and a branch (transition 2) with a reduced cross-section. The design of the tee shown in Fig. 151, in, is designed in such a way that the cross-section of the barrel is changed using the connecting transition 2, the larger side of which is equal to the side of the barrel. The cross (Fig. 151, d) consists of two transitions 2 and a straight section 1 of constant cross-section. In Fig. 151, e shows the design of the outlet.
For the manufacture of shaped parts in order to unify them, uniform installation dimensions are adopted, combined into special tables depending on the diameter at the root.
DIY chimney pipe
The design of the normalized tees and crosses was left rack and pinion. VNIIGS carried out work to determine local resistance normalized tees and crosses, which allowed us to conclude that the changed angles and design had a negligible effect on the aerodynamic resistance of the systems.
The largest cross section of the tee is called the root. Depending on the purpose and design of the tee, the branch can be located relative to the trunk at a different angle.
At interblock communication nodes, bends, transitions, and tees are used to change the direction or diameter of the pipeline, as well as branches from the main line. The Chelyabinsk branch of SPKB Proektneftegazspetsmontazh has developed a design for tees manufactured using stamp-welded technology.
Pages: 1 2
how to make a tee from a pipe
When bending, it is necessary to ensure that the workpiece, after removing the load, retains its given shape, therefore the bending stresses must exceed the elastic limit.
The deformation of the workpiece in this case will be plastic, while the inner layers of the workpiece are compressed and shortened, and the outer layers are stretched and lengthened (Figure 8.3.1).
Figure 8.3.1 Bending process diagram
At the same time, the middle layer of blanks - neutral line- does not experience any compression or stretching; its length before and after bending remains constant.
Therefore, determining the dimensions of profile blanks comes down to calculating the length of straight sections (flanges), the length of shortening of the blank within the radius or the length of the neutral line within the radius.
When bending parts at right angles without rounding on the inside, the bend allowance is taken from 0.5 to 0.8 of the thickness of the material. Folding length internal sides square or bracket, we obtain the length of the development of the workpiece.
Tee for pipes: purpose and types
Table 8.3.1 Determination of workpiece dimensions when bending with rounding (radius)
| Bending type | Sketch | Workpiece length, mm |
| Single corner |  |
L=l1+l2+ln= l1+l2+π(r+xS)/2 |
| Double-angled |  |
L=l1+l2+l3+ π(r+xS)= =l1+l2+l3+2lH |
|
Four-cornered |
|
L=l1+2l2+l3+ l4+2lH1+2lH2= =l1+2l2+l3+l4+π(r1+x1S)+ +π(r2+x2S) |
| Semicircular (U-shaped) |
|
L=2l+2lH=2l+ π(r+xS) |
| End (rolling) | 
|
L=1.5πρ+2R - S ; ρ= R - yS |
|
Notes:
|
||
Example 1. Figure 8.3.2, a, b shows, respectively, a square and a bracket with right internal angles.
Figure 8.3.2 Examples of workpiece length calculations
Square dimensions: a = 30mm; L = 70mm; t = 6 mm.
Workpiece development length l =a + L + 0.5t = 30 + 70+3 = 103 mm.
Bracket dimensions: a = 70mm; b = 80mm; c = 60mm; t = 4 mm.
Workpiece development length l = a + b + c + 0.5t = 70 + 80 + 60 + 2 = 212 mm.
We divide the square according to the drawing into sections. Substituting their numerical values
(a = 50 mm; b = 30 mm: t = 6 mm; r = 4 mm) into the formula
L = a + b + (r + t/2)π/2,
we get L = 50+ 30+ (4 + 6/2)π/2 =50 + 30 + 7* 1.57 = 91 mm.
We divide the bracket into sections, as shown in the drawing.
Substituting their numerical values (a = 80mm; h = 65mm; c = 120mm; t = 5mm; r = 2.5mm) into the formula
L=a + h+c+ π(r+t/2),
we get L=80 + 65 + 120+3.14(2.5 +5/2) = 265 + 15.75 = 280.75 mm.
By bending this strip into a circle, we obtain a cylindrical ring, with the outer part of the metal stretching somewhat and the inner part shrinking.
Consequently, the length of the workpiece will correspond to the length of the center line of the circle, passing in the middle between the outer and inner circles of the ring.
Workpiece length L = πD. Knowing the diameter of the middle circle of the ring and substituting its numerical value into the formula, we find the length of the workpiece: L = 3.14 * 108 = 339.12 mm.
As a result preliminary calculations It is possible to produce a part of the specified dimensions.
Whatever pipeline you are laying, most often you have to use taps into it for more comfortable use. In this case, a tee (fitting) made of polymer or metal helps, capable of correctly designing the junction of its branches. The article will be devoted specifically to this element, without which it is difficult to imagine the supply or drainage of water.
Types of tees
It is better to classify products according to the type of material from which they are made. Even alternative option- the installation method, in overwhelming cases, is based precisely on this.
You can also combine the two sorting methods to get an idea of the full range of these connecting elements:
| Metal | These include the following fittings:
Most often, tees are made using casting, for which they use:
Very rarely these can be welded elements. We can say that the main advantage metal products– their high strength. |
| Plastic | All products, including collet and welded fittings, are made of polyvinyl chloride and polyethylene. But, tees from PVC sewer plastic pipes installed in a socket or glued. The main advantage is complete inertness to environment and to pumped substances, which allows them to be used for up to half a century. |
| Composite | These include connecting elements for pipes made of polyethylene low pressure equipped with bronze or steel bushings. Such fittings help connect pipelines made of metal and polymers. The tee has a thread on the metal sleeve side, a crimp or on the polymer side welded installation. This makes it possible to include control and measuring instruments in the system, for example, pressure gauges. |
Additional method
There is also another popular classification method that takes into account the working dimensions of the tee:
- passes;
- threaded;
- average diameter.
But, it depends on the diameters of the pipelines and the relevant standards. The topic is quite extensive, so it will not be covered in our article.
Installation
Below we will consider general recommendations process when installing fittings on pressure or non-pressure pipelines, which have a certain set of rules. Otherwise, the result of your work will be disastrous not only for you, but also for the neighbors down the riser.
- When installing a tee with glue, select the position of the pipeline relative to the fitting within the first two seconds after they are aligned. Do not move or rotate the knot after this, and if you are not confident in your capabilities, use the guides.
Tip: When connecting a polymer tee to polymer pipe with your own hands, mark the depth of its insertion on the last one.
Otherwise, you may block fluid from entering the assembly.
- When assembling a metal pipeline, first prepare the material for the bends and threaded ends. In this case, it is not recommended to save on fum tape, the price of which is insignificant, and always use a lock nut, winding up several turns of the sealant between it and the end of the fitting before tightening it.
- Install detachable connections, including collet and threaded ones, in easily accessible places.
Tip: when installing plastic or metal pipe tees in hard-to-reach areas, use welding or press fittings (as a last resort).
Sewerage
Thanks to modern materials, installation of waste systems has become much more convenient and easier. Tees for sewer pipes made of plastic, they simplify as much as possible the task of making any design scheme in private houses of different heights. In this case, you will not be required to use complex equipment or special tools.
In this case, 3 types of tees are used that perform their special functions:
- To connect vertical risers with horizontal pipelines, options with angles of 87° or 90° are used.
- When creating horizontal branches, use products with an angle of 45°.
- Coupling with an additional hole for conducting repair work It's called a revision. The third hole is screwed on with a special lid, which gives access to the pipeline.
