Tick marks on the body. Tick bite - symptoms, signs, treatment in humans. what a tick bite looks like - consequences. Recommendations for insurance of costs associated with the treatment of tick-borne encephalitis

The common version that a forest tick falls on a person from an oak tree is, oddly enough, wrong. Ticks hide in places you don't expect to see them. On the branches of bushes, in the grass, along the edges of trodden paths, in thickets.

This blood-sucking arthropod has a very strong sense of smell and instantly “throws itself” at a person or animal as soon as they appear nearby.

Ticks are active from April to September - until the first frost. The most dangerous period is from late April to July. Ticks live in forest and park areas where there is no direct sunlight and the temperature does not exceed 20 degrees. So be careful when entering cool forest areas.

The pincers are the size of a match head. The female, when full of blood, reaches the size of a pea. Ticks are sucked into the skin of humans and animals using their proboscis. Moreover, the male does this for a short time and soon disappears on his own; the female is very dangerous for humans and animals. And in order to get rid of it, outside intervention is necessary.

When bitten, it releases a special substance that acts on the principle of anesthesia. This means that you will not feel the moment of the bite itself. This means you won’t be able to react quickly.

What does a tick bite look like?

Most often, a tick bite is discovered before the tick has time to fall off. This means that you will see a red spot - a common reaction to a bite - and the top of the protruding body. The usual diameter of redness is 1 cm. What a tick bite looks like - see photo below.

If you were unable to pull out the tick completely (we will write how to do this correctly a little later), and there are tentacles and legs left - BUT NOT THE HEAD - do not try to pick out the remaining part. The body itself will reject it; it will be enough just to lubricate the affected area with brilliant green. But if the spot does not begin to disappear or decrease within a few days, this is already a reason to consult a doctor.

What to do if bitten by a tick

IMPORTANT! First of all, don't panic, otherwise you'll do something stupid. Therefore, read carefully how to properly remove a tick.

You should not use tweezers or sharp forceps, for the same reason. Gently use your hands to slowly pull the insect counterclockwise. You can also try to make a loop out of the thread and slowly pull it up, spreading its ends to the sides.

You can also try to lubricate the bite area with sunflower oil and leave for 15 minutes. This should greatly simplify the procedure.

It is not recommended to use alcohol, vodka, acetone and other liquids that are questionable in this case - you need to pull the tick out of the wound alive. If the head remains in the wound, most often, this promises trouble. From inflammation and rotting to what people are afraid of ticks for - encephalitis.

Therefore, try not to crush the insect so that saliva and stomach contents do not get into the wound, and along with them the ill-fated virus.

Symptoms of a tick bite

There is no point in becoming hysterical when bitten by a tick. Firstly, not all and not every tick is infected with encephalitis. Even if the insect is infectious, it secretes the substance from a day to three, and during this time you will already have time to get rid of it.

But if the redness does not go away after getting rid of the tick, you should go to the doctor. The same goes for when you feel worse. Since the incubation (hidden) period for encephalitis can last up to 3 months, after a tick bite you should pay close attention to your body. During this time, headache, weakness, drowsiness, apathy, loss of appetite, and fever up to 37 - 37.5 degrees may occur. Then the disease begins to develop sharply: fever appears, severe pain in muscles, cramps, nervous system disorder... etc.

How to protect yourself from a tick bite

Prepare thoroughly before going into the forest. Choose clothing made from thick fabrics with long sleeves and long legs. It is advisable that the bottom of the pants and sleeves have elastic. Socks should be long. It is advisable that they be pulled over the pants - although this is not an attractive sight. The neck is closed.

Also use special means to repel ticks - “Deta”, “Taiga”, “Biban”, “DEFI-Taiga”, “Off! Extreme”, “Gall-RET”, “Gal-RET-cl”, “Deta-VOKKO”, “Reftamid maximum” and others.

Use them to treat areas where insects may enter. Wrists, neck, lower back, ankles.

NECESSARILY! After your walk, inspect yourself and your companions for tick bites. Carefully examine the head, ears, and the area behind the ears, neck, collarbone, armpits, arms, chest, back and groin area.

If an arthropod bite is detected, act as you read above.

But there are also not the most benevolent arachnids that are carriers dangerous diseases, the most famous of them in Russia are encephalitis, anaplasmosis, Lyme disease and ehrlichiosis.

Even a safe (sterile) tick on the human body can cause a severe allergic reaction. Another interesting fact is that one tick can simultaneously carry several types of pathological microorganisms. Such mixed carriers account for 10% of all ticks.

What does a tick bite look like?

A typical example of a tick bite would be a Lyme disease spot. In this case, erythema appears, it gradually increases and can reach 20 or even more than 50 cm. The shape of the spot when bitten is necessarily round or oval. After some time, a bulge appears along the edge. The color may be white or bluish in the very center. After 24 hours, the stain becomes like a donut and a dry crust appears. After 2-3 weeks, there are no bite marks left.

The bite itself is never accompanied by pain, and if a person does not have an allergy, then it is completely impossible to understand that a tick has attacked. The first manifestations will be noticeable within a few hours - the reaction time depends on the characteristics of the body.

Alarming symptoms

The first and obvious sign is the detection of the tick itself on the body. Severe symptoms often appear in children, people over 60 years of age, and people with immunodeficiency and a tendency to allergies.

After a few hours, characteristic manifestations can be observed:

general weakness, apathy, fatigue;
drowsiness and muscle soreness;
fever, photophobia.

The first dangerous symptoms:

soreness and redness;
temperature rise to 38 degrees;
decreased blood pressure and heart rhythm disturbances;
itching, urticaria in case of allergies;
enlargement of regional lymph nodes.

Less common symptoms include migraines, shortness of breath, intestinal upset, and even hallucinations, visual or auditory.

Arachnids usually attach themselves to areas of sensitive skin where the capillary network is well developed. There are two types of ticks of different age groups.
Imago are adult individuals; their peculiarity is the presence of four pairs of legs.
Nymphs are larvae, they have three pairs of limbs.

Symptoms of fever vary depending on the infection.
Encephalitis. Hyperthermia appears 3-4 days after the attack and lasts for 14 days. The temperature returns to normal, but after 7-9 days it rises again.
Anaplasmosis. The temperature rises after 2 weeks.
Borreliosis, or Lyme disease. Hyperthermia is a secondary symptom; it is combined with muscle pain and chills.
Ehrlichiosis. Fever begins after 1-2 weeks and lasts for 20 days.

An increase in body temperature is typical for any infection transmitted by ticks. If this symptom appears, you should immediately consult a doctor.

Consequences
Different organs and systems of the body can be affected by a tick bite:
liver – due to digestive disorders;
nervous system – headache, epilepsy, paresis and paralysis occur;
joints – arthritis and arthralgia;
lungs – internal bleeding and pneumonia;
kidneys – glomerulonephritis or nephritis;
CVS – increase and decrease in blood pressure, heart rhythm disturbance.

When attacked encephalitis tick Both favorable and unfavorable outcomes are possible. In the first case, a person experiences asthenic syndrome, that is, severe weakness that lasts about 2 months. There is no dysfunction internal organs and the body recovers completely over time.
A favorable outcome is also possible with moderate severity of the disease, the recovery period of which can last six months. An unfavorable outcome is likely in case of impaired respiratory function and with a constant increase in symptoms.
The resource site dwelled in more detail on the study of the consequences of a tick bite and stated that stress, alcohol consumption, and severe physical fatigue can aggravate the condition. You can improve your prognosis and quality of life by avoiding these negative factors.

Diseases from a bite
Ticks transmit microbial, protozoal and viral infections. They are common and found in every corner of the world.
Viral:
tick-borne encephalitis;
hemorrhagic fever;
rare forms of tick-borne fever.

Microbial:
ehrlichiosis;
anaplasmosis;
borreliosis.

Rickettsial:
Marseilles fever;
paroxysmal rickettsiosis;
typhus;
smallpox rickettsiosis;
Astrakhan spotted fever;

Tick-borne encephalitis
After a bite, many people pull out the tick and throw it away, since there are no symptoms, and with them there is no suspicion of any disease. But it is strongly recommended to take the extracted tick to the laboratory for examination. In case of danger, this will allow treatment to begin before dangerous symptoms appear.

The tick-borne infection develops quickly, a person’s temperature rises to 38-39 degrees, weakness, severe migraine, and muscle aches are felt. The skin becomes red, coordination is impaired and convulsions begin.
This infection can result in irreversible damage to the nervous system. Most serious consequence- paralysis of legs. In approximately 2% of cases, the disease without appropriate treatment ends in death within a week after the first symptoms appear.

Borreliosis
An equally insidious disease is borreliosis, the first sign of which is, at first glance, harmless redness in the bite area. But soon the red spot reaches 10-20 cm, and in severe cases, 60 cm. After some time, the spot becomes blue or white, then becomes crusty.
After a month, symptoms of damage to the nervous system, lungs, heart and musculoskeletal system, especially muscles and joints, already develop. This period is characterized by symptoms similar to the flu. Violation of the nervous system leads to paralysis, insomnia and can cause deafness.
Complications of this disease include various pathologies of the nervous system, heart and joints. Unfortunately, such consequences sometimes develop even in those who seek medical help in time.

First aid after a bite
After removing the tick, the skin is treated with an antiseptic and pre-washed running water with soap. Be sure to make sure that there are no particles left under the skin. Reddened skin can be treated with a wound-healing ointment, but a small area in the area of the bite itself can be left open.
Those who live in unfavorable areas are advised to purchase special tick removal kits in advance. This could be a “Uniclean Tick Twister” or a “lasso handle”. After removing the tick with instruments, it is also placed in a sealed vial, which is signed and sent for examination.
If during removal of the tick you managed to get only half of it, you should definitely go to the hospital. Some institutions, open 24 hours a day, provide first aid for bites.

When to go to the doctor
Urgent help is also necessary with the development of Quincke's edema. Its symptoms:
difficulty breathing;
pale or bluish skin;
swelling of the lips and eyelids;
muscle soreness.

This is a severe allergic reaction, in which you need to immediately call an ambulance and provide first aid to the victim until a doctor arrives.
First aid:
give antihistamine– it can be “Erius”, “Zirtec” or “Suprastin”;
ventilate the room well, provide air access;
if possible, administer the drug “Prednisolone” - 60 mg intramuscularly.

All subsequent treatment measures will be carried out already in medical institution after the examination.

Treatment
If a sterile tick bite occurs without any manifestation of an allergy, treatment is not required and there will be no consequences. Drug therapy is carried out in case of an attack by an encephalitis tick or a carrier of other infections.
The principle of treating a patient with encephalitis:
compliance with bed rest;
the patient remains in the hospital for the entire period of high fever;
immunoglobulin is prescribed for the first 2-4 days;
the use of prednisolone, ribonuclease, and rheopolyglucin is indicated;
in case of respiratory failure, intensive ventilation is carried out;
in case of inflammation, ascorbic acid and vitamin B are prescribed.

During the rehabilitation period, treatment is carried out with tranquilizers, anabolic steroids and nootropic drugs. Antibacterial drugs may also be prescribed to prevent complications in the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory and hepatobiliary systems.
Principles of treating a patient with borreliosis:
hospitalization for symptoms of neurological abnormalities;
for disease in the erythema stage, bacteriostatics and tetracycline are prescribed;
relief of neurological syndrome is carried out with penicillin antibiotics for intravenous administration;
must be restored water balance, physiological solutions are administered intravenously, vitamins and drugs are administered intramuscularly to normalize blood circulation.

Prevention
After familiarizing yourself with the rather unpleasant facts about a tick bite and its consequences, it’s time to look at preventive measures and find out how you can protect yourself from the carrier of the infection.
The likelihood of a tick bite depends on several factors:
places of residence;
frequency of being in the forest and field;
visiting unfavorable areas where tick-borne infections are common.

It is better to be extra vigilant and, while walking in a dangerous area, check for ticks on your body. Ideally, this should be done every half hour, during which time the tick will not have time to attach itself and can be easily removed.
Preventing the bite itself is not so easy. To do this, you need to completely avoid areas with trees and other plants. But you can take action to prevent the consequences, which is more effective and will give real results.
The main measure of primary prevention is vaccination. Additionally, specific immunotherapy can be performed, which is indicated if infection is suspected. People working in the forest are recommended to wear special protective clothing. You can also use special products to kill or repel ticks.

Vaccine
Vaccination is carried out solely for the purpose of primary prevention; it is contraindicated to vaccinate a person after infection.
Drugs used in Russia for vaccination:
"EnceVir". Entered from 18 years of age. Produced in Russia.
FSME-Immun Junior. Introduced from 1 to 16 years. Produced in Switzerland.
Encepur Children. Introduced from 1 to 11 years. Produced in Germany.

There is also the possibility of emergency vaccination. It is indicated when urgent travel to a potentially dangerous area is necessary. This vaccine has a short period of protection.

Repellent and destruction agents
When traveling to an unfavorable area or going into the forest, it is recommended to apply to exposed skin and clothing. protective equipment. They exist in two types: repellents (scare away) and acaricides (kill). The former are used to repel various insects. They can be sprayed on clothes, arms, legs, neck and other parts of the body.
Representatives of aerosols:
"Biban";
"Raptor";
"Anti-mite breeze";
"Ultraton".

Acaricides can kill ticks, but such products can only be used to treat clothing and various items. In pharmacies you can find products from this group that can be applied to the skin, but this is not recommended, as there is a risk of poisoning and allergies.
Even if bites have become commonplace, do not forget about the potential danger. When faced with such a problem once again, one cannot hope for the usual favorable outcome, because it is much easier and safer to be examined by a doctor once than to undergo a course of treatment for several months.

Ticks are arachnid-like small predators that hunt in warm time year. They attack people and animals in the spring and first half of summer. This usually happens in a forest or park area. Symptoms after a tick bite in a person can manifest themselves in different ways, it all depends on the insect: whether it is infectious or not.

Attack

Many people mistakenly think that dangerous insects fall on them from trees. But that's not true. Ticks live in the soil. When it gets warm, they climb to the surface and rise to the top of the grass or bushes - no higher than 1.5 meters from the ground. Sitting on a branch, they lie in wait for their prey. A person who passes by touches a plant with his limbs or clothes - the insect safely migrates to his body. It is easier for insects to attack children and animals, since they are significantly shorter in stature. On such small individuals, ticks can fall from above, spreading their legs wide. But insects cannot fly and jump like fleas.

Symptoms after a tick bite do not appear immediately in a person: he will continue to walk for a long time, enjoying the good weather, until he notices the problem. Ticks are most active at a temperature of +20 °C; the ideal humidity for them is 90%. They like to attack in April-May, September-October, more often in cloudy weather, but during the heat they are inactive and lazy.

Bite site

Insects love to “settle” in folded areas of the skin - in the neck, head, armpits, navel, and groin area. Before they bite, they can crawl around the body for an hour, looking for a secluded place. Having found it, the insect pierces the skin with its thin proboscis with teeth, finds the capillary and sticks to it. The male, having absorbed some blood, disappears. But the female can remain attached to your body for 10 days: when saturated, she greatly increases in size.

If you are allergic to insect saliva, the first symptoms after a tick bite in a person will be: severe headache, fever, red rash, swelling, muscle weakness and numbness of the limbs. It is difficult for a person who has been bitten to walk, even with a small physical activity he experiences excruciating shortness of breath. A person does not want to eat, constantly feels tired, exhausted, and experiences lethargy and drowsiness. In severe cases, paralysis occurs. If the insect falls off on its own, you may feel a burning and itching sensation at the site of the bite, which goes away within a week. Sometimes severe local pain is observed - often from the bites of certain types of so-called soft ticks.

Symptoms of borreliosis

Ticks can sometimes transmit Lyme disease. The disease is also called borreliosis. Its incubation period ranges from one to two weeks, after which the disease quickly and acutely begins to manifest itself. Symptoms of borreliosis after a tick bite in a person are: chills, high temperature, severe intoxication, nausea, vomiting, swollen lymph nodes. A typical manifestation of Lyme disease is neck and muscle stiffness.

A ring-shaped redness forms at the site of the bite. This is the so-called migratory erythema, which rapidly grows in all directions from the epicenter. Its edges have a clearer contour and brighter color; they rise slightly and rise above the paler and depressed center. In this area of the body, a person feels itching and slight pain. He may develop other skin rashes, as well as conjunctivitis. Sometimes the patient exhibits signs of incipient meningitis.

Main stages of the disease

Symptoms of borreliosis change. The only one constant sign disease is erythema. If the first stage of the disease is characterized by all of the above manifestations in the form of chills, fever, muscle spasms and increased intoxication, then in the second they worsen and lead to irreversible consequences. After 30 days initial stage the next phase of the disease begins: patients develop meningitis or encephalitis, stiff neck muscles, photophobia, memory impairment, insomnia, weakness, and emotional instability are observed. The facial nerve is often affected, which leads to facial asymmetry, hearing loss and increased tearing.

Symptoms after a tick bite in humans include damage to peripheral nerves. Children may experience severe complications in the functioning of the central nervous system. The causative agent of borreliosis spreads throughout the body and attacks not only the brain and nerves, but also the heart muscle. The patient may feel severe shortness of breath, chest pain, and constant arrhythmia. He is often diagnosed with pericarditis or myocarditis.

Signs of an encephalitis tick bite

The insect that carries this disease is no less dangerous. Symptoms after an encephalitis tick bite in humans develop in two stages. The first signs can usually be noticed within a week after the incident. The person complains of fatigue, severe headaches, fever and muscle pain. He may be too irritable, even aggressive. Or vice versa, lethargic, inactive, indifferent to everything that happens.

This state lasts about 10 days, after which the second phase begins. The disease progresses only in a third of cases; in other people, the immune system independently neutralizes the pathogen that has entered the body, and they are completely restored. Those who are unlucky encounter others who are more dangerous consequences bite and associated complications and problems. Typically, the patient experiences a malfunction of the central nervous system and develops diseases such as meningitis and encephalitis.

Symptoms of encephalitis

If the tick does not fall off, you need to carefully remove it and take it to the laboratory. There he will be checked for possible availability deadly viruses. These measures are very important, since after infection, within 72 hours, doctors will have time to administer the so-called serum against the disease - immunoglobulin. If the patient does not apply in time, he begins to develop symptoms of encephalitis. After being bitten by a tick that carries this disease, a person's temperature quickly rises, he complains of nausea and vomiting, and a severe headache. In some cases, he loses the ability to express his thoughts, his limbs are shaken by spasms, and disturbances in his mental state can be noticed.

Symptoms of encephalitis in humans after a tick bite can be quite unusual. Scientists have recently discovered that these patients sometimes have temporary allergies to red meat and dairy products. After conducting more than one study, they discovered: someone infected with encephalitis can safely eat any bird, but as soon as he touches beef or pork, his body immediately breaks out in hives and severe swelling develops. An allergic reaction becomes a consequence of an antigen that enters the body along with the insect’s saliva.

Ticks are arthropods (not insects) that suck blood. They belong to the class of arachnids, which also includes spiders and scorpions. They are carriers of microbes and transmitters of infections. Ticks can be quite large (about the size of a pencil eraser) or very small, almost impossible to see. There are approximately 850 various types ticks are parasitic and can be found in almost every part of the world. The most common species in the CIS countries and Europe are the taiga and dog species. The closer to the south, the more the dog tick replaces the taiga tick. They can cause a variety of health problems, ranging from harmless to very serious and even death. Both of these species belong to the “hard” species (iscodae), but there are also “soft” species (argasovae), which also bite people. Their bites are very painful, they also carry diseases, but usually fall off earlier after drinking blood.

Ticks live mainly in places where weeds and tall grass accumulate in forests and mountains.

Pets can also carry ticks.

Where on the body does a tick bite most often?

Bite symptoms

A tick bite is usually painless, and this fact goes unnoticed even after the tick finishes drinking blood and falls off the skin. Later, swelling, burning, slight redness of the bump and itching may develop at the site of the bite, which usually disappear within a week. In rare cases, local severe pain is observed (from bites of certain types of soft ticks). Some people may be hypersensitive and allergic to their bites (tick saliva). They may have the following symptoms:

headache, fever or chills;
red rash on the skin;
muscle weakness;
dyspnea;
swelling;
numbness;
fatigue or difficulty walking;
lack of appetite;
paralysis.

The rash that occurs due to a tick bite, also known as erythema migrans (pictured), is a symptom of Lyme disease. It looks like a bright red spot with an elevated central part. May also be dark red or blue, making it look like a bruise on the skin. In the later stages of a tick bite, the red rash may change color to purple.

In very rare cases, symptoms such as high fever, vomiting, swelling, paralysis, headaches, confusion, weakness, and rapid heartbeat will soon appear during or after a bite. Persons with these symptoms should see a doctor immediately.

However, most people do not experience any symptoms when they are bitten by a tick, and many do not even notice them.

What does a bite look like?

One of the common diseases caused by a tick bite is encephalitis.

These first signs of an encephalitis tick bite usually last from two to ten days, after which most people fully recover, as a result of the effective functioning of the immune system. About 30% of people with symptoms move from the first stage of the disease to the second. In this case, the virus infects the central nervous system and can cause the development of meningitis and encephalitis.

Symptoms of meningitis and encephalitis include:

rapid increase in temperature;
vomiting;
nausea;
headaches;
mental state disorders;
convulsions;
loss of ability to speak.

If tick-borne encephalitis reaches this stage, the person must be hospitalized.

Scientists recently found that tick bites cause temporary allergies to red meat (beef, pork, venison) and sometimes milk allergies in thousands of people. At the same time, they can eat poultry (chicken, turkey) and not experience any allergic reactions. And when such people eat red meat, swelling and swelling develop. This reaction is possible due to the Alpha-gal antigen, which is found in the intestines and/or saliva of the tick and stimulates the immune response, leading to an allergic reaction.

Prevention of tick bites and diseases caused by them

The bitten tick must be removed as soon as possible. If you do this within 24 hours, your chances of getting sick will be significantly less. A common method of removing a tick is to grab its body or head with tweezers. In this case, it is necessary to wear gloves or wrap a cloth around your hands so as not to come into contact with it (the infection can be transmitted through microcracks in the skin). Moreover, you should not try to pull out a tick with your bare hands.

You need to pull it out with tweezers smoothly and without jerking, perpendicular to the human body. After removal, you should wash your hands with soap and water, especially in the area of the bite. The wound should be treated with an antiseptic only after the tick has been removed.

Tick bite, little creature, which cannot fly and lives only in grass or low bushes, can cause a person a lot of health problems, including disability or death. We will look further into what the symptoms of a tick bite in a person and the consequences of this incident may be.

How does a tick bite?

Ticks are blood-sucking organisms that belong to the arachnid family. This is the largest group in this class. Quite small arthropods, measuring a couple of millimeters in size; a large individual reaches only half a centimeter. Despite this, they can cause irreparable harm to a person. The bite of this creature is completely unnoticeable and painless. Symptoms of an encephalitis tick bite in humans appear later.

How does a bite from an uninfected individual manifest?

Statistics show that in the vast majority of cases arachnids are not infected infectious diseases and their bite, provided that the tick is noticed on the skin in time and removed correctly, will not have any unpleasant consequences, except for external visible manifestations at the site of suction.

Local symptoms of an uninfected tick bite in a person (photo below) are not dangerous in any way and appear as:

Some more may be observed general signs bite of an uninfected tick in a person, the most common symptoms are the following:

headaches;
aching joints;
fear of light;
general weakness and drowsiness;
skin itching;
tachycardia;
decreased blood pressure;
enlargement of some lymph nodes;
Sometimes completely atypical manifestations may occur: nausea, vomiting, nervous disorders.

External signs

Let's look at what symptoms a person experiences after being bitten by an infected tick. It is worth noting that an infected arachnid individual is no different in appearance from one that is not sick. The bite site on a person’s skin may not have any special signs; sometimes, if the tick is infected with Lyme disease (borraliosis), they may:

After the incubation period

Other options for the development of events are also possible. A tick collected independently can be placed in a sealed container and delivered to the laboratory to determine the carriage of infections.

Or, if this is not possible, you can donate blood yourself, without waiting for a possible infection to gain momentum. Diseases carried by ticks are diagnosed in the laboratory at the earliest stages.

The most common disease carried by ticks is spring-summer tick-borne meningoencephalitis. Symptoms of an encephalitis tick bite in humans appear after an incubation period (1-2 weeks). This is dangerous viral disease leads to extremely serious neurological consequences and death.

It is worth noting that out of a hundred ticks, only 6 individuals are carriers of the virus. About 2-6% of those who are bitten can get sick from them.

Symptoms after an encephalitis tick bite in a person correspond to the phases of the disease: the first stage, remission and the second stage.

Phases	Manifestations
First	The duration of manifestations is usually 2-4 days. The following symptoms may appear: temporary increases in body temperature; general malaise/weakness; nausea/vomiting; anorexia; muscle pain, headache. Laboratory blood tests may reveal leukopenia and/or thrombocytopenia.
Remission	This period lasts 8 days. It is characterized by complete and rather abrupt disappearance of symptoms.
Second	Develops in 20-30% of infected people. It can go in two directions, or it is possible that both sets of symptoms may occur. Development of the meningitis clinic: muscle rigidity (strong increase in muscle tone that does not go away), headaches, fever. Development of the clinic of encephalopathy: disturbances of consciousness, sensitivity, motor function disorder, paralysis.

It is possible to detect the virus through a blood test at the first stage, but practice shows that the disease is diagnosed only in the second phase of its course. Usually performs differential diagnosis tick-borne encephalitis with ailments such as:

tumor processes of the central nervous system;
purulent diseases of the brain;
pathologies of cerebral vessels;
polio;
encephalitis of other pathogenesis;
flu;
borreliosis.

The only one in an efficient way The therapy here is the early administration of immunoglobulin injections. In other cases, the developing disease leads to death (within a week after the development of the neurological clinical picture of the disease). The Far Eastern subtype of tick-borne encephalitis especially often develops this way.

Prevention of encephalitis is very effective. This is a vaccination with a special drug according to certain schemes for different cases (local residents endemic areas, visiting tourists, etc.).

Nonspecific prevention methods must be followed to avoid disastrous consequences:

barrier protection (clothing covering all areas of the body);
chemical protection (repellents);
a thorough examination after a walk in the forest;
timely removal of the attached individual;
Immediately contact a doctor for examination.

Borreliosis Clinic

Lyme disease carries special kind arachnids – ixodid ticks. They live mainly in the forests of the northern hemisphere. Although, Borrelia is carried by migrating birds over long distances. An infected tick has Borrelia in its body for life and passes it on to its offspring.

These microorganisms are found in the stomach of arachnids and extremely rarely in saliva, so infection does not always occur with a bite. But the consequences of infection are quite dangerous, especially if proper treatment is not started on time.

Borraliosis is an infection that attacks almost all tissues and organs of the human body and can manifest itself in a variety of different symptoms. People who have been attacked by arachnids often wonder: how long after a tick bite do symptoms appear in a person? Infectious disease experts say that the disease can manifest itself either a few days after infection or a month later. The incubation period depends on the resistance of the infected organism and its immunity.

Symptoms of Borreliosis after a tick bite in a person are divided according to the stages of the disease. There are three such stages of the group of clinical manifestations:

Stages	Manifestations
I.	The first stage can occur either with a very violent manifestation of symptoms or with a smooth course. Most often noted: headaches and joint pain (ache); chills/fever; increased fatigue/weakness. A rash on the face and conjunctivitis may appear (not often). If the infection reaches the meninges, the following symptoms may appear: severe headaches/dizziness; recurrent vomiting, nausea; photophobia. In some cases, a clinical picture of so-called “anicteric” hepatitis may occur: pain and enlargement of the liver; anorexia; nausea. Some infected people may only show skin signs of the disease, or there may be no symptoms at all. Sometimes the development of the disease stops at this stage, especially after competent and timely treatment.
II.	The disease does not always enter this stage; if this happens, it happens after a couple of months. It is characterized by neurological manifestations in the form of the development of a clinical picture of the following diseases: meningitis; cranial nerve palsy; meningoencephalitis; peripheral radiculopathy. There are throbbing headaches, extremely high fatigue and tiredness. The innervation of the face is disrupted. Some cardiac abnormalities may occur: pericarditis; myocarditis. Cases of benign lymphocytoma of the facial skin have been reported.
III.	This period can occur in only 10% of patients no earlier than six months or 2 years from the onset of infection. This can result in extremely seriousconsequences of a tick bite in humans, symptoms may be as follows: joint damage (recurrent and/or progressive arthritis, arthralgia); neurological symptoms (up to the development of the tertiary clinical stage of neurosyphilis); atrophic acrodermatitis.
Chronic stage	If left untreated, the disease becomes chronic. This period is characterized by alternating remissions and relapses. May lead to bone destruction (osteoporosis), chronic cutaneous lymphocytoma, skin atrophy.

This pathology is dangerous because symptoms may not appear for a long time (up to six months). Meanwhile, the virus progresses in the human body, manifesting itself only when the disease has progressed far.

But the prognosis for this disease is not always difficult. Quite often the disease subsides at the first stage of development. Here a lot depends on the strength of the immune system. If the disease has progressed to the second and then to the third stage, not everything is so rosy. Long-term observation and treatment in a hospital setting are required.

Preventative measures are only barrier protection and a thorough examination after walks. It is important to detect the bloodsucker in time and remove it from the skin correctly. According to statistics among those officially registered as bitten, the percentage of those infected with Lyme disease does not exceed 1.75%.
Consequences of the bite. How to minimize them?

Ehrlichiosis;
Typhus (tick-borne);
Dermatobiasis (especially dangerous for children, since their treatment does not bring the desired effect and the disease can lead to death);
Anaplasmosis;
Rickettsiosis smallpox;
Q fever/tsutsugamuschi fever;
Babesiosis.

The clinical picture in the first stages of infection with any of these infections will be similar. It is important that if alarming symptoms appear, consult a doctor. Manifestations begin after a few days. If the discovered bloodsucker is taken to the laboratory for analysis after removal, then its analysis will help determine a possible infection and take action immediately.

Most often, the bite passes without systemic consequences, since the vast majority of ticks are sterile, but in case of infection, the following consequences may occur: