Modern interior doors perform many functions, the main of which is the delimitation of space different rooms to separate residential areas, for each of which you can create an independent atmosphere, isolate various purposes rooms and create absolute various designs interior Also, interior doors allow a person to retire in his own world and space. So, in one room a child can do homework in complete silence, and in the other room there will be a cheerful and noisy feast of his parents and family friends. If speak about aesthetic side, then interior doors can decorate and highlight the interior of a room, highlight some of its elements or visually enlarge the space.

One of the most popular interior doors are doors made of wood. Moreover, wooden interior doors can be either made of solid wood or made of a frame and MDF boards or chipboard. Next we will look at the main structural elements interior door.

False box
False box is predominantly wooden product, which is installed during the construction stage and greatly facilitates the future installation of an interior door. This product is a box into which the door frame is installed. Modern builders usually do not use false boxes - instead they are used polyurethane foam. Polyurethane foam fixes the doors in the opening, and the fixation process itself is very simple, inexpensive and quick. However, polyurethane foam is short-lived and over time the door becomes loose. If you install a false frame in the opening, this situation will not occur - the doors will be rigidly fixed for a long time.

Door leaf
The door leaf is the movable part of the door that opens and closes the doorway. Door leaves are divided into solid, paneled and glazed. Glazed door leaves are equipped with through openings into which transparent, frosted, colored or embossed glass is installed. Solid doors are distinguished by the absence of panels and glazing.

Paneled doors are distinguished by the presence of flat or convex panels. Panels can be made of solid wood, MDF or chipboard. It should be understood that solid wood panels are used the least often, since when installed in rooms with a high level of humidity, they can change their shape and deform the door leaf or, on the contrary, shrink, which will cause the appearance of unpainted areas on the panels. That is why doors with similar elements require support for certain climate conditions, however, if the panels are made of MDF or chipboard, they are not so sensitive to humidity levels and temperature.

It should be understood that the canvases are made of solid wood or a frame made of solid wood with honeycomb filling and MDF panels or chipboard. Doors made from a single piece of solid wood are heavy, which requires the installation of stronger door hinges, which require more careful maintenance. Unlike doors made of solid wood, the leaf of frame doors is lightweight, which does not pose any special requirements to the quality and strength of door hinges.

Door frame
The door frame (frame) of an interior door is a fixed element, which is made of solid wood or MDF and is a profile to which the door leaf is attached. The door frame is securely installed in the false frame. In case of foaming, the door frame is installed directly in the doorway and attached to the wall. It is necessary to understand that when assembling the dimensions door frame are adjusted directly to the door leaf, and not to the door connector in the wall.

The box consists of two vertical posts and one or two crossbars. Special slots are made in the vertical and transverse racks, which allow the installation of telescopic trims. If such an element is not provided, no slots are made.

In terms of stylistic design, the door frame is made to match the color and texture door leaf. However, it is not always made from identical coating material. For example, you can find doors made of natural veneer with a door frame with artificial coating to match the color and texture of the natural veneer of the door leaf.

Interior door frames
Platbands for interior doors are decorative overlay elements that hide the junction of the door frame and the doorway. The connection of the door frame can be either foamed or with a false frame. Platbands are traditionally made from various materials, among which the most popular are platbands made of solid wood, veneered MDF or plywood. According to the style of execution, platbands are divided into flat, figured and semicircular.

It should be noted that, depending on the installation, there are overhead and telescopic platbands. Overlay trims are simply applied to the door elements and part of the wall and secured using adhesives or fasteners. Telescopic trims are different in a special way fastening, which is provided at the production stage of the door frame. At the production stage, slots are made in the door frame into which special guide elements of the platbands are inserted. This solution allows you to install the platbands perfectly evenly relative to the door frame and door leaf.

Door access
A door extension is an installation decorative element of an interior door, which is used if the width of the door frame does not match the width of the wall. Dobor represents wooden panel, which is installed between the platband and the door frame, which allows you to elegantly hide the excess of the wall, which was formed due to the difference in the width of the door frame and the wall.

The use of extensions made it possible to aesthetically solve the problem by finishing the section of the wall that was not covered by the frame. Previously, this part was covered with wallpaper, putty applied or painted. With the advent door trims, this problem decided on its own. There is no need to invent anything, and most importantly, there is no need to draw out and level the corners of the doorway - they are completely formed by platbands and additional trim.

The door leaf is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. When frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and give greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

A door frame is an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

The door leaf straps (with a frame solution) are bars, mainly made of coniferous species wood located around the perimeter of the door.

Middles are bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the frames.

Panels are panels that fill the space between the frames and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.

Molding is a shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.

Layouts are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass.

Frame (or glazing bead) - intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Lips or door flaps are embossed profile slats designed to cover the narthex of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs are blocks with a shaped profile intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Decorative overlays (false slabs) - overhead decorative profiles glued to glass or a double-glazed window from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).

Plinth - a sewn-on narrow panel with which to close assembly seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors.

Platbands - wooden (plastic) profile strips used for framing doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.

Bedside tables - the transition from the trim to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.

The narthex is the junction (connection) of the door leaf with the pillars of the door frame. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or with inside frames that cover the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold - a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Flashing - a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Typically the tide is set to outside lower horizontal profile window and is its integral part.

A profile is a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.

Profile system - a set (set) of main and additional profiles that form a complete structural system of door (window) blocks, reflected in technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.

Seals are elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section that run along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and sashes and protect against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

The reinforcing liner is a profile steel element installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads.

Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.

Door leaf- this is the movable opening part of the door. The canvas can be frame or panel construction. In the case of a frame structure, used to lighten the weight of the canvas and provide greater possibilities for decoration, the internal cavities not occupied by the structure are filled with either honeycomb filler, or chipboard, MDF, or solid wood blocks. Typically, the canvas is hung using hinges on the box, or using rollers on a sliding rail. A door can consist of one, two or more door leaves.

Door frame- an assembly unit of a door block of a frame structure, intended for hanging panels and fixedly attached to the walls of the doorway.

Door panel straps (with frame solution)
- these are bars, mainly made of coniferous wood, located around the perimeter of the door.

Sredniki
- bars that divide the internal space of the canvas into sections for the subsequent installation of panels or glass, and serve as a connection between the straps.

Panels
- shields filling the space between the trims and mullions. Based on the type of connection with the strapping, the panels are divided into smooth, with a frame, floating, with a figare, and with layouts.

Mold
- shaped profile on the edges framing the panel or glass.

Layouts
- These are embossed profile slats attached to the front surfaces of the door leaf and serve to “revitalize” the appearance of simple smooth surfaces or, at the same time, strengthen panels or glass.

Frame (or bead)
- an intermediate frame element for attaching panels or glass to the frame.

Jaws or door strips
- These are embossed profile slats designed to cover the vestibule of double-leaf doors.

Door slabs
- blocks with a shaped profile, intended for dividing the glazed part of the door and strengthening the glass, as well as strengthening the entire structure of the door leaf.

Decorative overlays (false croakers)
- overhead decorative profiles, glued to glass or double-glazed windows from the inside or outside and forming a false binding (false binding).

Skirting
- a sewn-on narrow panel, with the help of which the installation seams and cavities that arise between the floor and the wall when installing floors are closed.

Platbands
- wooden (plastic) profile strips used to frame the doorway and to cover the gaps between the frame and the wall. Platbands are flat, rounded, figured, telescopic and doweled. Their sizes and finishing and manufacturing materials are also different.

Nightstands
- the transition from the platbands to the baseboards and floor is decorated with bedside tables.

Narthex
- the place of abutment (connection) of the door leaf with the door frame pillars. This is a protruding part on the outside of the door leaf or on the inside of the frame that closes the gap between them when the door is closed. The narthex is usually included in the design of doors, the hinges of which are located on the vertical side planes of the door leaf. The rebate is most often absent if the door block uses hinges installed at the top and bottom of the door leaf.

Threshold
- a special block in the floor, at the bottom of the doorway, which serves to improve thermal insulation, sound insulation, fire resistance of the door, as well as to cover the junction between floors made of different materials in adjacent rooms. It also applies in case of differences in floor levels in adjacent rooms.

Low tide
- a part designed to remove water and protect the lower parts of windows and balcony doors from moisture penetration. Usually the ebb is installed on the outer side of the lower horizontal profile of the window and is its integral part.

Profile
- a measured section of a product produced by extrusion, with a given shape and cross-sectional dimensions. This technology is usually used for the manufacture of profiles from aluminum alloys. These profiles are used in the production of modern window and door frames.

Profile system
- a set (set) of main and additional profiles that form a complete structural system of door (window) blocks, reflected in the technical documentation for its manufacture, installation and operation.

Seals
- elastic gaskets of a tubular or more complex cross-section, running along the entire perimeter of the window between the frame and the sashes and protecting against cold air, noise and moisture. Seals are also widely used in the production of doors and are installed both in the box to dampen noise when closing the door, and in the grooves where glass is then placed.

Reinforcing liner
- a profile steel element installed in the main chamber of the main profile to absorb operational loads. Panel - an area highlighted with thin profiled frames, a shield made of thin boards, plywood or plastic, covering the gap in the frame of the door leaf.

Massive doors
Doors of this type are made of various, valuable types of wood. The price of such products, as a rule, is significantly higher than doors with honeycomb filling, and they weigh more. To emphasize the structure of the wood, the manufacturer paints them various impregnations on wood or simply with transparent varnishes. In addition to the decorative function, such processing also plays another role. The door is less susceptible to damage by fungi, mold, insects, and is more resistant to fading in light. Such doors are also called simply - array. They can be smooth or paneled, blind or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Semi-massive doors
The wooden blocks between two MDF sheets in such a door leaf are not located “joint to joint”, but at some distance from each other. Otherwise, everything said about massive doors is also true for semi-massive ones.

Doors with honeycomb filling
You've probably seen honeycombs made of wax. Exactly the same honeycombs, only made of pressed cardboard, less often made of hardboard, fill the void inside the door. The door frame is made, as a rule, from solid pine, which allows you to embed a lock on one vertical side and attach door hinges on the other. The strength of such doors, of course, is inferior to that of solid doors, and they are not recommended for use as entrance doors. But indoors (offices, apartments, houses, etc.) - this is the most suitable option. And one should not doubt their strength for these purposes. Door leaf with honeycomb filling can easily withstand loads of up to 80 kg. Just like solid and semi-solid doors, doors with honeycomb filling can be smooth or paneled, solid or under glass, left- or right-handed, painted, veneered, laminated, etc. Such doors are also called lightweight doors.

Paneled doors
The fabric on both sides of these doors is not smooth. Doors, as a rule, have embedded rectilinear or rounded decorative recesses. They can be: lightweight, solid or semi-massive, glass or solid, painted, veneered, laminated, etc.

Smooth doors
The direct opposite of paneled doors. These doors have an absolutely smooth surface. Otherwise, everything said for paneled doors is also true for smooth ones.

Doors with glass
Doors like these are cut into window frames various configurations. The buyer can choose the glass according to his taste. Here he will not experience any difficulties in choosing. A great variety of them are now offered: - corrugated, matte, stained glass, etc.

The doors are solid
These doors do not have window frames.

Single doors
An ordinary door consisting of one leaf.

Double-leaf swing doors (equal and unequal)
The door consists of two panels. These doors are also divided into equal and unequal. In equal-sex swing doors both canvases are the same width; for unequal-field ones, one of the canvases is much narrower, which can also be called widening.

Veneered doors
Veneer is a thin cut from wood (literally as thick as thin cardboard). The raw materials used are various breeds trees. This same veneer is used to cover the door panels.

Laminated doors
Usually, smooth doors with laminate glued onto them, decorated to look like different types of wood or painted in different colors.

Laminated doors
Almost the same as laminate. The only difference is that this coating is less wear-resistant than laminate. It’s true that such doors are cheaper than laminated ones.

Left-hand doors
Standing in front of the door, we open it toward ourselves with our left hand. Door hinges(in a box) on which the door is hung are located on the left, a lock with a handle, etc., is built in on the right - the door is left-handed.

Right-hand doors
We open the door towards ourselves right hand. The door hinges (in the frame) on which the door is hung are located on the right, the lock with handle, etc., is built in on the left - the door is right-handed.

Doors with a rebate (with a quarter)
There is also such a thing as a porch or quarter. At the end of the door leaf, on two or more sides, three quarters of the thickness of the door leaf is selected and one quarter is left. Thus, complete with the corresponding door frame, such a door when closed has no visible gaps between the frame and the door leaf.

Fireproof or fire-resistant doors (fireproof)
As the name implies, these doors have special properties and meet increased requirements for fire resistance and sound insulation. They can be decorated with any of the above materials and colors. But their price is correspondingly higher than non-fire doors.

Door furniture
We are talking about locks, handles, plumbing latches (rotary knobs), cylinders (cores) and plugs. Manufacturers meet customers' needs, so the choice here is also very large. Try not to make a mistake in selecting hardware components and purchase them as a set. Although, now there are certain standards and successful combinations are possible. Yes, and don't forget about door hinges. When choosing them, take into account whether your door will be left-handed or right-handed. Some manufacturers already equip their products with embedded locks at the factory.

Door frames, platband
Usually supplied with the door. Both MDF and various types of wood are used as raw materials. There are boxes that are adjustable to the thickness of the walls. They can be painted or decorated with veneer or laminate. The same can be said about the platband.

A door is an ordinary and familiar element of equipment for any room. Opening and closing it, no one thinks about what parts it consists of. Meanwhile, in the official construction terminology the name “door” simply does not exist. It sounds like this: " door block" Or even more seriously - "design to fill doorways" This means that the door is a rather complex system consisting of many parts.

Does an ordinary consumer who chooses a door for his apartment or house need to know about its design intricacies? At least very desirable. This information will help avoid some disappointments during the purchasing process. Leafing through manufacturers' price lists, a potential buyer carefully studies the prices. He tries to choose a door that fits into his renovation budget. But when it comes to purchasing, it turns out that the selected model costs 20-30 percent more than the price stated in the price list. And there is no deception on the part of the manufacturers. It’s just that in the price list, as a rule, only the price of the door leaf is indicated without taking into account other components. What additional elements does the buyer need to purchase in order for the door leaf to turn into a “door block”?

A standard door structure consists of the following main parts:

• door leaf (single-leaf or double-leaf);
• boxes;
• platbands;
• door fittings.

Depending on the design and functional features of the door block, additional elements may be added to the main set:

• additional strip;
• threshold;
• pretend bar;
• closers;
• opening control mechanisms.

Door leaf

The door leaf is the main functional and decorative element of the door. It isolates the room from noise, adverse atmospheric influences, and outside encroachments. At the same time, the door leaf is part of the internal and external decoration of the building, so its design must correspond to the architectural or design concept. Based on manufacturing technology, two main types of door panels can be distinguished - panel and panel.

Shield. The panel board is a frame made of wooden beam with one or two crossbars. The frame is sheathed on both sides with wood or slab materials(Fibreboard, chipboard). This technology is used to produce inexpensive office door leaves, as well as wooden entrance doors. The internal space that is formed between two sheets of sheathing is filled with insulation. For this purpose, materials such as tubular chipboard, insulation boards from fiberboard or mineral wool boards.

Paneled. Most interior doors are made using panel technology. This fabric consists of a frame (frame) and mullions (bars that are inserted inside the frame and divide it into several parts). The openings between the frame and mullions are filled with paneled panels. The panels are made of wood or MDF. If the panels are replaced with glass inserts, a glazed panel is obtained. Large glass surfaces can be decorated with applied metal or wooden frames.

Door frame

Box - load-bearing frame element door design, which is rigidly fixed in the opening. It is on this that the door leaf is hung using hinges. Interior door frames are made of wooden beams or MDF. For the production of boxes entrance doors steel or aluminum alloys are used. In some door frames, a quarter is selected, which forms the rebate of the door leaf. Many domestic manufacturers supply wooden boxes in the form of “semi-finished products”, that is, a set of bars that, when installing the door, you will have to cut yourself “on a miter” (at 45 degrees) or “on a straight tenon” (at a right angle). Modern MDF boxes are usually supplied “assembled” - with selected grooves for connecting the elements. Such boxes may also have a groove for mounting a telescopic platband. It is desirable that the width of the door frame matches the thickness of the wall or partition into which the door is installed. In this case, the appearance of the door structure will be more aesthetic, and the junction of the frame and the wall will be covered with a regular platband. On sale you can find boxes of several sizes that correspond to the standard thickness of walls and partitions (60, 80, 120 and 140 mm). These figures may vary depending on the manufacturer's internal standards.

Platbands

Platbands are molded products that are made of wood or MDF and are used to decorate the doorway. Their main function is to hide the junction of the door frame and the wall. Even with the most ideal installation, over time a gap may form in this place. This is what the casing covers. Most standard products of this type have a smooth surface and a rounded outer edge. But also spectacular decorative trims are made, which give the door block an unusual, elegant look. Their vertical racks decorated with milled flutes (recesses imitating the fluting of antique columns), carvings, overhead decorative elements made of wood. In this embodiment, the upper lintel is usually made in the form of a cornice - profiled or decorated with carvings. Of course, such platbands are made only to individual order.

Door furniture

Loops. The main operational load in swing door units falls on the hinges. One of the common varieties is butterfly loops (card loops). This type of product got its name because of its appearance. Such a hinge is a central cylinder with “wings” attached through movable joints - wide plates, with the help of which it is attached to the frame and door leaf. Card loops can be detachable or non-detachable (universal). The first option is easier to install and more convenient for operational maintenance of the door (for example, if the door leaf needs to be removed for restoration). But they have one peculiarity - they can be “right” and “left”. Therefore, when purchasing such products, it is necessary to clearly understand the opening side of the door leaf. Hinges of the second type can open to either side, they are stronger than detachable hinges, do not require lubrication and operate silently. However, due to the width of the fastening plates, butterfly hinges cannot always be installed in a rebated door. In this case, you can use screw-in hinges (as on window designs). The cylinder of such a product is visible on one side of the door leaf. But it won't spoil appearance doors. Modern manufacturers produce screw-in hinges with aesthetic decorative coatings- chrome or gold plated. There is also a type of product on the market that allows the door to open on both sides - “swinging” hinges. Such modern models are equipped with spring mechanisms that return the sash to the closed position.

Locking mechanisms. Some interior doors must be equipped with a locking mechanism, for example, doors to a bathroom or toilet. As a rule, such doors are equipped with simple sliding mechanisms or latches with a lock. In many cases, ordinary interior doors are also equipped with a latch lock (without a latch) so that they do not open due to air movements (drafts) or from accidental shocks. Latches can be supplied in a separate housing or included in the lock mechanism. Locking systems for entrance doors are very diverse - from fairly simple deadbolt and English locks to complex systems with replaceable coding, combining several locking mechanisms.

Door handles. This is an integral part of the door block. There are thousands of varieties of door handles on sale, the cost of which can vary tenfold. The quality and price of a product depend, first of all, on the material from which it is made. Cheap pens are made from low-quality plastic, inexpensive metal alloys or powder metal(by pressing in a mold). Such products do not withstand intensive use and may fail in the first years (or even months) after installation. Quality door handles are made of stainless alloys or brass. Sometimes manufacturers also use special types of composite plastics or hardwoods. To ensure that the metal handle is in progress long-term operation has not lost its appearance, it is coated with special protective compounds. These can be metallized coatings, protective varnishes, ceramic-based composites, etc.

Additional items

Every additional element, which can be installed on a door block, deserves a separate article. Thus, additional strips make it possible to increase the width of the door frame, and thresholds - to solve the problem of level differences between rooms. Automatic door opening mechanisms are one of the promising areas for the development of the door industry. Doors with automatic opening are in demand not only in public buildings, they have become one of the elements of the “smart home” system.