Wooden houses are chosen as housing for many reasons: some people are contraindicated from living in concrete “boxes,” while others like beautiful log houses. However, living in them is closely related to the concept of safety. That is why the electrical wiring in wooden house considered one of the key aspects.

We will tell you how to properly install electrical wiring in a wooden house. Let us tell you what schemes consumables And electrical installation products used in laying lines along walls made of timber or logs. With our advice, you can create a secure and trouble-free network.

Even if all logs, beams and boards are treated with fire retardants, they remain vulnerable to accidental fire. For this reason, the stages of constructing an electrical system - from design to installation of sockets and switches - need to be known to both skilled “do-it-yourselfers” and owners who supervise the work of hired builders.

According to the legislation of the Russian Federation, for residential buildings with a power consumption of no more than 15 kW, drawing up an electrical network design is not required. But the company supplying electricity must provide a diagram and data on the total power consumption. This is necessary for calculating the allocated power on the line and installing a meter.

Some electricity supply companies, when concluding a contract, still require a project that includes, in addition to the internal wiring diagram, installation points for sockets, switches, distribution boxes, electrical panel with meter

In the process of developing a project, you need to take into account all the nuances: the exact location of electrical installations, the choice of cable and wiring method, the need for grounding, etc. Let’s look at how the project is drawn up and preparation for installation work in more detail.

Step #1 - drawing up a diagram and work plan

You can do the design yourself if you have experience in such work, or with the help of specialists by concluding an agreement with a design organization.

A professionally drawn up document contains the following points:

• electrical panel diagram;
• electrical installation plan;
• calculations for installing a ground loop;
• outputs outside the house, if any - autonomous sources of electricity;
• equipment installation plan with specifications;
• if approval is required, a package of permits;
• explanatory note.

But first you should contact Energosbyt to obtain technical specifications - technical specifications, which are signed according to SNiP.

Owners who apply for a connection with a power of less than 15 kW will have to collect the least amount of paperwork. They need to write a list of electrical appliances and calculate their total power. If the power consumption is more than 35 kW, a linear power supply circuit is required. For 380 V networks, a three-line diagram is drawn up.

Despite their attractiveness, buildings made of wood have a significant drawback - the material from which they are built belongs to the category of fire hazard (it ignites quite easily and also burns quickly). Therefore, electrical wiring in such houses requires special requirements. Especially when it comes to internal communications. What kind of wire should you buy to install wiring in a wooden house? Let us consider this issue in as much detail as possible and clarify important points.

Core material

There are no restrictions on this item. But experts note that for in-house wiring in wooden buildings It is advisable to choose products with copper conductors. It is much preferable to aluminum-based analogues.

• Electrical conductivity is much higher. Consequently, line losses will be less.
• Both designated metals are subject to corrosion (oxidation). But copper not so much. Why is oxide dangerous? In this layer, the conductivity drops sharply, the resistance increases, and as a result, the wire heats up.
• Copper is stronger than aluminum, including in bending. Consequently, if there are breaks in the veins, the risk of possible sparking is practically reduced to zero.
• Screw clamps hold the copper wire more securely. Therefore, during operation, the quality of connections does not decrease. With aluminum wires it is more difficult - you will have to regularly check the line and make “tightenings”, since the contacts (the metal is soft) weaken over time.

Note

There is an intermediate option on sale - wires with composite conductors, made of aluminum copper. This alloy optimally combines all the advantages of both metals, but the indicators are, naturally, averaged. When choosing such products, consulting a professional will not be superfluous, since you will have to take into account many factors and decide on priorities based on the specifics of the line and general scheme in-house wiring.

Insulation

Examples of wires and prices

It is hardly worth listing the entire assortment. Moreover, the prices of wires of the same type differ depending on the region. For in-house electrical wiring, the most popular products are those with a core cross-section of 2.5 square meters. They are used to connect switches, sockets and a number of household appliances average power – washing machines, climate control technology and the like. Using this example, it’s easy to get an idea of ​​the cost. various types wires

*Price in Russian rubles per linear meter.

• VVGng and its modifications – from 38.6;

• RKGM – from 25.9;

• NYM – from 42.

What not to buy

PUNP. This wire is still found on sale today, and is even still produced by individual companies. It attracts with its low price and is often used to connect sockets and household appliances. Unfortunately, not everyone knows, and dealers are silent, that this wire is prohibited from being used for indoor electrical wiring, since its characteristics no longer comply with the latest GOST.

These wires have copper cores, and their insulation fully complies with all the requirements for cable products for installation inside wooden house.

If you look at the statistics of fires in our country, the question of how to properly install wiring in a wooden house is quite relevant. After all, most of all fires in wooden houses occur due to short circuit, and if you want to protect your home from this, then the closest attention should be paid to electrical supply issues.

Connecting your home to electrical network performed by your energy supply company. After agreeing on all necessary papers they must install the meter and connect it to the mains.
They must do this flexible wire in isolation. And to avoid problems in the future, we advise you to check that the insulation on this wire is not damaged.
The meter is usually installed on the street. The distribution panel is usually located inside the house.
To connect it, we will need to punch a hole in the wall of the house, and according to paragraph 2.1.38 “Rules for Electrical Installations” (PUE), protect it on all sides with fireproof material. Typically, a steel pipe is used for this, followed by plastering.
The input itself, according to 2.1.79 PUE, must be located at a height of at least 2.75 meters from the ground surface. In this case, the distance from insulators or wires to the protruding part of the roof must be at least 200 mm.
It is also quite important to provide, and the rules stipulate this, that it is impossible for water to accumulate in the pipe, as well as for it to penetrate into the house through the power supply inputs.

Installation of distribution board

Internal wiring in a wooden house begins with switchboard. It must be installed in a dry, non-flooding location.
At the same time, the PUE rules regulate that a bathroom, shower or toilet cannot be located above the installation site of your switchboard.
The shield itself must be made on a fireproof basis and be locked with a key. On the market you will now find many such boxes for distribution panels in a wide variety of sizes.

Pay attention! Within a radius of half a meter from the distribution panel there should not be any heating equipment, no water supply or drainage systems, no gas supply systems, and ventilation ducts, passing in this room should not have branches.

Electrical wiring in a wooden house

Hidden electrical wiring

You can lay electrical wiring in a wooden house with your own hands in an open or hidden way. A hidden method, which is almost universally used in brick and concrete houses, in the case of wooden houses is not so in demand.
After all, it is somewhat more difficult to implement it here, and most importantly, the cost of the issue is much higher. In the list below you can see options for laying electrical wiring in a hidden way in accordance with the rules of the PUE, in compliance with fire safety conditions.
So:

• If we use a regular wire sheathed in combustible material (not fire-resistant corrugation), then it must be laid on a lining made of fireproof materials. In the future, the wire must be plastered with a continuous layer at least 1 cm thick.
• If you are using a regular wire sheathed in a fire-resistant material (fire-resistant corrugation), then you will only need to place a fireproof material under the wire along its entire length.
• If you use a wire sheathed in a fireproof material (metal corrugation), then you can lay the wire directly on the structural elements.
• In boxes made of fireproof materials (steel boxes), even wires can be used directly on structural elements without additional protection.
• In the case of using boxes made of fire-resistant materials ( plastic boxes) any wires can be used, but under the box there must be a gasket made of fireproof material, and the box itself must subsequently be plastered with a layer of at least 1 cm thick.

Wood is considered environmentally friendly pure material for the construction of residential buildings, so it is not surprising that the demand for beautiful and comfortable houses made of timber or rounded logs is not decreasing. First of all, a residential building must be safe from an electrical installation point of view.

It is important to understand how to install electrical wiring in a wooden house so as not to harm the health of residents and ensure the safety of property. In the article we have presented in detail all aspects of this issue.

The presented materials are presented general requirements on wiring, methods for installing an electrical network in a house, rules for arranging an electrical panel and methods for installing cables. All electrical installation work must be carried out in strict accordance with the fire safety standards that we specified in the article.

Main difference wooden houses from reinforced concrete and brick structures - a high degree of fire hazard. This means that increased requirements apply to the selection of electrical devices, cables and the conditions for their installation.

According to statistics, about 1/2 of fires or ignitions in wooden houses or in houses with wooden trim occur due to gross errors by electricians.

If you install the socket incorrectly, do not connect the wires in the junction box carefully enough, or ignore the grounding rules, a fire may occur, followed by a fire.

Undemanding owners of a wooden house entrust electrical installation work to neighbors, acquaintances, or do it themselves, without thoroughly knowing the PUE standards. The sad result of gullibility and unprofessionalism - in the photo

It is necessary to know the basic rules of electrical installation for two reasons: to be able to independently carry out some of the installation or repair work and to control the actions of unscrupulous “specialists”.

The following requirements should be remembered:

• The technical characteristics of cables and electrical equipment must correspond as closely as possible to the power consumption of the devices of each individual group.
• The operation of sockets, switches, and emergency shutdown devices must be carried out taking into account the load placed on them.
• It is prohibited to use cables, wires, and terminal connections when they are regularly heated.
• It is necessary to completely prevent the transfer of fire from the cable to structures made of wood or other flammable materials using fireproof protection.

Electrical wiring must be completely safe for home owners, their families (especially small children) and pets.

Strict requirements come to the fore, and sometimes aesthetics have to be sacrificed. For example, owners of a wooden cottage need to come to terms with external sockets and enhanced protection for both hidden and open electrical wiring (NPB 246-97)

The material from video reviews and instructions posted on the Internet is very contradictory, so you should not rely entirely on the opinion of people in work overalls. You should focus on excerpts from regulatory documentation - sections of PUE, SNiPs, GOSTs.

Entering the power line into the house

In Russia and some other countries (unlike, for example, Europe, where the wires are hidden in the ground), electricity reaches consumers through overhead power lines - to the final support.

• self-supporting insulated wire(SIP);
• underground;
• by cable (used extremely rarely).

The first option is the most popular.

Electricity metering devices are also installed along with the machine. Special shields (SHUE) are designed specifically for this. According to the rules, the control panel can be installed inside the building, then the wiring diagram will change slightly.

From the central power supply line to the support on private territory or a self-supporting insulated wire (with a cross-section of at least 16 mm) is stretched directly to the house, which is secured with anchors or clamps. Height from the ground to the tensioned wire 2.75 m or more

To insulate a wire running along wooden surface, use fireproof boxes or. The transition through walls and ceilings is carried out in protective sleeves made of metal; plastic analogues are unacceptable.

SIPs are not installed inside the house. According to the standards, only copper wires Therefore, aluminum analogues will also have to be excluded.

Rules for open wiring

Methods for open laying of wires should not contradict the requirements of the PUE.

Therefore, the following products can be used to attach cables to the wooden surface of walls, partitions or ceilings:

• ceramic or porcelain insulators;
• floor plinths with built-in cable duct;
• corrugated and rigid PVC pipes;
• PVC boxes;
• metal boxes and pipes.

Specific names of products are indicated in the design documentation, and in relation to wooden structures they must be accompanied by a fire safety certificate and be marked “NG” as non-flammable.

The installation of cable channels and other mounting elements must be thought out in advance, since protruding parts may interfere with the arrangement of furniture or solving other interior issues

Closed wiring methods

The main difference between hidden wiring is the limitation on the use of installation methods. According to the PUE standards, it is strictly prohibited to use metal sleeves, plastic boxes and PVC corrugation for hidden wiring. All products must have localization ability.

There are several reasons for this:

• PVC products do not protect wires from rodents;
• even the slightest damage to the insulation during installation work in the future, with increasing load, it can cause plastic burnout and ignition;
• The metal hose is a spiral-shaped product that does not have localization characteristics, which means that even wood dust can easily penetrate inside the protection.

Fire and electrical safety rules state that only two types of products can be used for hidden wiring - a metal pipe and a box made of a similar material, specifically designed for these purposes.

WITH inside metal elements must be galvanized or painted so that they do not become corroded during operation.

For a strong connection, a socket or similar method is not enough, so soldering, electric welding, coupling and threaded connections are used.

Hidden wiring option metal pipes ah - in the future the ceiling will be closed suspended structure. This solution is suitable for laying cables in wooden floors, inside walls and partitions

The use of metal hoses, corrugations and boxes made of PVC is also permissible, but subject to the installation of a lining made of non-combustible material: concrete, alabaster, plaster.

The main stages of laying closed electrical wiring:

1. Route markings. It is necessary to calculate the stretch of lines so that the number of turns and intersections is minimal.
2. Preparation of walls and ceilings. It includes hollowing out grooves and drilling holes.
3. Laying metal pipes. The size of the product is selected so that the cable occupies no more than half of the internal space.
4. Installation metal boxes for switches and sockets. Copper pipes are attached to the boxes with flaring, steel pipes with nuts.
5. Installation of junction boxes. Ideally, they should be connected to the pipes by welding or soldering to ensure 100% grounding.
6. Electrical measurements. All metal elements of the installations must be connected to the PE bus (all lines, without exception, must have a grounding conductor).
7. Pulling cables into pipes. To place wires inside metal pipes, special pulling cables are used.
8. Installation of sockets and switches. When cutting the cable, it is necessary to make a small supply of wires in case of repair or replacement of equipment.

After the installation of hidden wiring is completed, you need to contact representatives of the electrical laboratory. Many people forget that a technical report on the condition of the wiring and the quality of installation is a mandatory document.

A house built of wood is good. A lot of people prefer wood as a material for walls and this is not surprising. Let's compare wood with another popular building material - brick. A house made of wood is built much faster, wood is cheaper than brick, the heat transfer of wood is much lower, which means insulating the house will cost less. Not to mention the environmental friendliness and beauty of wood. Of course, wood is not a panacea; it has many disadvantages, and one of them is that it is easily flammable. There are fire-resistant impregnations, but they do not completely solve the problem, and besides, they must be impregnated regularly. That is why in our article, which talks about how to make wiring in such a house, the theme of fire safety rules when electrifying a wooden house will be a common thread.

Basic requirements for electrical installation

Depending on the area, configuration of your home and energy consumption, you need to think through all the nuances of installing electrical wiring, as well as a number of measures before and after completion of work:

• Draw up a power supply diagram; without it, work cannot begin;
• Decide on materials: types, brands, cross-sections of cables and wires, their quantity. It's the same with boxes, sockets, pipes and everything else;
• Now you can begin practical actions. First of all, you need to prepare the walls for laying pipes, installing boxes and sockets according to the power supply diagram;
• We select a distribution panel depending on the number of consumers and their power and install it;
• We lay the wires in the pipes and place them in pre-prepared channels, after which we connect the sockets.

The requirements are clearly demonstrated in the video:

House power supply diagram

Depending on how much electricity your home will consume, an electrical supply diagram or project is made. The project is done when there is a peak (all electrical appliances in the house are turned on at the same time and at maximum power) consumption is more than 10 kW. In this case, the implementation of the project is mandatory and it is subject to registration with the organization supplying electricity. The project has quite serious requirements: it must contain data from electrical diagrams external and internal power supply up to the ratings of fuse links. Therefore, only a specialist can complete the project in full.

Even if the consumption is less than 10 kW, the circuit is still needed. It shows the exact locations of all elements and the routes of wires, preferably indicating all distances. This must be carefully thought out and verified taking into account the location of the furniture and household appliances so as not to fuse extension cords later.

Cable entry into the house

Electrical installation is divided into two types: external and internal.

External installations include building entry and external lighting. Entering the building – important element fire safety systems, input can be air or underground. The following rules apply:

For underground input, if the house has a basement, the cable is inserted directly through the foundation through a pipe at least 1 meter from the foundation, depth - 70-80 cm. If there is no basement in the house, the cable rises along the wall of the house in a pipe to a height of at least 1.8 meters. Entering under the foundation is strictly prohibited.

Input distribution device (IDU)

It is to the ASU that the cable comes from overhead line. Here, at the ASU, the voltage is distributed throughout the house through circuit breakers and fuses. The grounding bus also comes here, connects to the grounding wires in the cable and grounds all electrical installations and lighting fixtures in the house. The ASU, or simply the shield, must be made specifically for a wooden house.

The housing of the ASU must be metal. It is very convenient to place an electric meter here, but this must be provided for by the design of the input distribution device.

Preparing the walls

When carrying out internal wiring, it is usually placed between the wall and the decorative covering. In this case, it is necessary to exclude direct contact of the cable with the wall surface and decorative covering. To do this, the conductor can be placed in a non-flammable metal hose, covering the latter on all sides with insulation in the form of cement or alabaster mortar. But the most reliable and safest way is to place the conductor in pipes, although this is more expensive.

If there is no decorative coating, then you need to make channels for the pipes and cut and hollow out spaces for sockets and switches. In this case, you need to think about how to close these channels beautifully and carefully.

Materials

In a wooden house, everything related to the electrical supply must be non-flammable:

• The cable and wires must be copper and insulated from a material that does not support combustion, for example VVGng;
• Sockets and switches must have a metal backing, and the plastic housing must be non-flammable, which must be indicated in the product certificate.

When choosing a cable, try to choose a cable from the same manufacturer with colored cores. This will avoid installation errors. It is customary to connect wires by color as follows:

If you decide to do internal wiring, you need to select pipes. They can be steel or copper. Steel pipes less convenient for installation, since with small bending radii you will have to bend the pipe hot, warming up the pipe each time gas burner or blowtorch. Easier to work with copper pipes, but they have another drawback - the price is several times higher.

The diameter of the pipe should be such that the cable occupies no more than 40% of the pipe volume. The wall thickness should be 2.8-3.2 mm. Make sure that there are no burrs or sharp edges on the edges of the pipes that could cut through the insulation.

We insert metal branch boxes into previously prepared places and connect them to the pipes using soldering or welding.

After graduation this stage work, we check that all these elements are grounded.

Wiring

Now we lay wires or cables in the pipes. It is advisable to take a three-wire or five-wire, with a grounding wire, depending on the connected load. The cable is pulled using a pulling cord. At the end of the stretching, be sure to measure the insulation resistance to make sure there is no damage.

Now we connect the wires to sockets, switches and lighting fixtures. Connections inside junction boxes can be made in several ways:

Open wiring

A cheaper and simpler wiring option compared to hidden wiring. It is carried out along the surface of the wall. The following devices are used for this:

• Cable channel;
• Electrical plinth;
• Roller insulators.

Cable channel is a box consisting of two parts. One is attached to the wall, cables and wires are laid in it, the second locks them from above. In this case, the wires must be in non-flammable insulation. The convenience of cable channels lies in the easy accessibility of wiring. The material from which they are made must be non-flammable.

Electrical skirting board It is stamped from non-flammable plastic and has channels inside for laying cables.

Roller insulators have been known for a long time; in some places they have even been preserved in old houses. Now they are worried new life, they are used for open wiring in new houses, although this requires a certain style of the house, an appropriate interior, otherwise it will look ridiculous. With this type of wiring, a special stranded wire with PVC insulation and decorative silk braiding with non-flammable impregnation is mounted on the rollers.

The article describes the most common methods of electrifying a wooden house, and whichever one you choose, always respect electricity, and it will repay you in kind, bringing warmth and light into the house.