Nominal

Definitely personal

Vaguely personal

Impersonal

there, there

Gorgeousweather! Here we goriver Today hot day.At my brother's exam

I'm in a hurry Let's hurry Hurry up

On the radioannounce announced landing (plural, past tense)

To menot feeling well (impersonal verb).It's getting light . (impersonal verb).It blows Come in large numbers No . This doorcan't open . Be didn't have to go . It was hot . About exams alreadyreported .

Species one-part sentences table with examples

Nominal

Definitely personal

Vaguely personal

Impersonal

Chief member– subject expressed by a noun in a noun. case. Can only be distributed by agreed and uncoordinated definitions; may contain demonstrative particlesthere, there

Verbs of the 1st and 2nd person in singular. and plural indicative and imperative moods. The subject in such sentences is easily restored by introducing, substituting personal pronouns I, you, we, you

Verbs of the 3rd person plural. present day or future tense; passed time plural

The predicate in impersonal sentences does not and cannot indicate the actor. The predicate is expressed by impersonal verbs, the impersonal form of a personal verb, the words no, there wasn’t (it didn’t turn out, it wasn’t possible, etc.), indeterminate form verb, indefinite form in combination with an impersonal auxiliary verb; words of state; short passive participles in the neuter form with or without the word to be

Gorgeousweather! Here we goriver . !!! If a sentence contains a circumstance or an addition, then some scientists consider such sentences to be two-part incomplete (with an omitted auxiliary verb), while others consider them to be one-part nominative.Today hot day.At my brother's exam

I'm in a hurry home (1st letter, invoice)Let's hurry to school (1st sheet of paper)Hurry up to school! (2nd l. command switch)

On the radioannounce landing. (3rd literal plural) On the radio alreadyannounced landing (plural, past tense)

To menot feeling well (impersonal verb).It's getting light . (impersonal verb).It blows the breeze. (impersonal form of a personal verb).Come in large numbers guests. (impersonal form of the personal verb Wed. Gen., Past tense.). FriendsNo . This doorcan't open . Be bull on a string. To Lake Ivan anddidn't have to go . It was hot . About exams alreadyreported .

From Masterweb

07.06.2018 04:00

In the Russian language, there are two groups of syntactic units, divided by the presence or absence of a subject or predicate in them: two-part and one-part sentences. How many main members are there in such constructions, and what types of one-part sentences are there (table with examples)? This article will tell you.

Definition of the concept

A one-part sentence is a complete speech utterance where the grammatical basis has only a subject or only a predicate.

For example: “Shall we buy groceries at the store?” Analyzing the offer through parsing, you can see that the main member there is the predicate - “we’ll buy”, expressed by a verb, and the secondary ones are the addition of “products” and the adverbial “in the store”, expressed by nouns.

There is no subject in this sentence, but you can easily pick it up: “Shall we buy groceries at the store?” You can only substitute here the pronoun “we” - 1st person singular.

In this case, the subject was not specifically removed, but it is simply absent.

Important! Do not confuse one-part sentences with two-part incomplete sentences with a missing subject.

For example: “The trees grew tall and slender. They rustled their green leaves in the wind.” Determine the type of one-part sentence. Or is it still two-part?

In this example, without context, it is impossible to understand the meaning of the second sentence, so it is a two-part incomplete sentence with a missing subject.

Types of one-part sentences (table with examples)

So. The easiest way is to put the types of one-part sentences into a table with example tips:

What is the difference between them? It's worth taking a closer look.

Nominative or nominative sentences

The following syntactic constructions are called nominative or nominative sentences. It's quite simple. One main member of a one-part sentence is the subject, expressed by a noun. It always appears in such complete speech utterances in the nominative case.

In such a syntactic unit there are not and cannot be secondary members, for example, additions or adverbials, since they relate to the predicate, it is from it that the question will be asked to similar members of the sentence.

In nominative sentences there can only be a definition, since it always refers to the subject.

For example: "Morning. Summer day. Winter."

In all these sentences there is only a subject, but a predicate is not provided there.

In addition to the noun, nominative sentences may contain a phrase in which one noun is in the nominative case and the second in the genitive case.

For example: "A time of warmth and sun. Songs of fun and joy."

One-part definitely-personal sentences

These syntactic constructions contain only the predicate in 1 and 2 liters. units and many more h. The predicate is in the indicative or imperative mood, depending on the person, and is expressed by a verb.

These constructions are always called one-part definite-personal sentences, since the grammatical basis is equal to one main member of the sentence.

For example:

1. “I’m walking up the stairs, looking out the windows.”
2. "Shall we play together?"
3. “Please give me this piece of cake!”
4. "Do me a favor."

Vaguely personal proposals

The following syntactic units also contain a predicate expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural. The predicate can be in the past or future tense, and also have an indicative or subjunctive (conditional) mood.

For example:

1. "I was told that classes were cancelled."
2. “Would you give me a discount in this store!”
3. “Let them first tell you about all the nuances of the work!”

In these constructions, it is possible to select only the personal pronoun “they” and substitute it for the subject.

Generalized personal proposals

Such syntactic units of speech are a real alloy of definite and indefinite personal speech utterances, however, in generalized personal sentences the predicate carries a generalized rather than specific meaning. That is why this type of one-part construction is used most often in proverbs and sayings, where it is impossible to make a reference to a specific person.

For example:

1. “If you love the tops, love the roots.”
2. “You can’t catch a fish out of a pond without effort.”
3. “Measure twice, cut once.”

Impersonal offers

These sentences are a separate and very interesting type - they do not and cannot have a subject, so there remains only one predicate, which can be expressed in various categories:

• A verb without a person: “It was getting light.” "It's getting evening." "It was getting dark."
• A verb that used to be personal and then became impersonal: “My nose itches.” “He can’t sleep at all.” “It got dark in the distance.”
• A category of state, or an impersonal predicative word: “It was quiet in the garden.” “I feel very sad.” "Stuffy and hot."
• A negative particle “neither” or a negation word “no”: “You have no conscience!” “Not a star in the sky.”

Infinitive sentences

The last category of one-part sentences also has in its grammatical basis only the predicate, expressed by the infinitive - the initial form of the verb. The infinitive is very easy to identify - it answers the questions “what to do/what to do?”.

This part of speech has neither number nor person, since it is unchangeable.

1. "You don't need to listen to anyone!"
2. “Why lie on the beach for a long time under the scorching sun?”
3. "Why not dance at the celebration?"

To easily remember the types of one-part sentences (table with examples), it is best to learn which main member is missing in them. If this is a predicate, then you have a nominative sentence, etc.

Thus, one-part sentences - special kind syntactic constructions, the grammatical basis of which has only one main member. Subject or predicate. In addition, there are several types of one-part sentences. Each of them uses either only the subject in the nominative case, or only the predicate in different faces and numbers.

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What criteria should be used to distinguish between types of one-part sentences? Why are one-part sentences called that?

The composition of a sentence can be different: either two grammatical centers (this is the composition of the subject and the composition of the predicate), or one center (only one composition with one main member).

That is why such concepts as two-part (without the letter “ha” inside the word) and one-part (connecting vowel “o”) sentences appeared.

Friends invited us to the theater. Snezhnoye field with frozen waves of ice suddenly turned pink from the cold sun.

It is not by chance that students confuse these two two-part sentences with one-part sentences. The subject in the first sentence is not like a noun, and in the second sentence it is very far from the predicate, expressed by a finite verb in the past tense neuter singular form.

Sentences are grouped around the main members minor members: agreed or inconsistent definitions are located next to the subject, adverbs and complements are next to the predicate.

So, one-component sentences have a special structure: there is only one organizing center, the second is absent, and this does not create any incompleteness. They can be common and non-common sentences.

Thick fog. Drizzle. First autumn morning. Monuments of military glory.

These four sentences are nominal (they are also called nominative or subject). The main member - the subject - is expressed by a noun in the Nominative case (singular or plural). The first sentence is covered by the agreed upon definition of THICK. The second one is not widespread. The third is spread by heterogeneous agreed definitions FIRST AUTUMN. The fourth has minor members of MILITARY GLORY.

What is the meaning of nominative sentences? They name objects and phenomena, asserting their existence in the present tense.

Silence . Gray sky. Caravans of geese. Here comes autumn.

Just four short sentences, but it turned out to be a description of autumn nature!

Very similar to two-part sentences with personal pronouns I, WE, YOU, YOU are definitely personal sentences with the main member - the predicate. Compare: I love thunderstorms in early May. I love thunderstorms in early May. In the second example, the focus is on the action and the utterance becomes dynamic. Definitely personal sentences do not require a pronoun, since the verb form already indicates a specific PERSON. Using the substitution method, you can remember the four pronouns already mentioned.

Example	Predicate form	Substitution
Calmly I'm catching rudd after rudd and suddenly feel push.	A simple verbal predicate is expressed by a verb in the indicative mood, in the 1st person present tense singular
We want to go with a radio operator and a guide to the mountains.	A compound verbal predicate is expressed by a verb in the indicative mood, in the 1st person future tense plural
Go go home and take a fishing rod.	A simple verbal predicate is expressed by a verb in the imperative mood, in the 2nd person singular
Guys, urgently return books to the library!	A simple verbal predicate is expressed by a verb in the imperative mood, in the 2nd person plural

In no case should you confuse definite personal sentences with incomplete two-part sentences: In the morning got up early and started to kindle bonfire. Remember: past tense forms do not have a FACE!

Indefinite-personal sentences are opposite to definite-personal sentences in their meaning: the action is performed by unidentified PERSONS. What is important here are facts and events, not the individuals themselves. You can substitute the pronoun THEY.

Still a long time in the ward remembered his stories. To me instructed to prepare report on the life and work of K. Paustovsky. Waiting only the arrival of the head physician. His they'll grab And will be carried away somewhere.

In the first sentence, the simple verbal predicate is represented by a verb in the 3rd person plural past tense. In the second, the compound verbal predicate is expressed by a verb in the 3rd person plural form of the past tense. In the third, the simple verbal predicate is in the 3rd person plural form of the present tense. And in the fourth, homogeneous simple verbal predicates are in the 3rd person plural form of the future tense.

Proverbs and sayings express general judgments that can be applied to any PERSON. These sentences use the same forms as in definite-personal and indefinite-personal sentences.

Bottomless barrel of water you won't fill it. Smart head revered from a young age. After the case for advice don't go. What kind of birds? you won't see in the spring forest!

Notice the last example: it makes a broad generalization that applies to everyone's experience. There is no aphorism typical of popular expressions.

The most numerous and widespread type of one-part sentences are impersonal sentences. The predicate denotes an unconscious state or process that occurs without the participation of the PERSON at all. You can't substitute any subject!

The predicate has the forms of an impersonal verb, a personal verb in an impersonal meaning, a state category, a short neuter participle, a negative word or an infinitive.

Pulled evening coolness. In three weeks happened I should pass by this creek. Above your offer worth thinking about. It became it's hard to breathe in the thick of the rain. Not drunk plenty of spring water, not purchased for future use wedding rings. I have No rulers and compasses. Stand on the spot!

The first sentence contains a description of the condition environment, the second, third and fourth indicate an unmotivated action and human condition. The result of something happening is the form of the predicate in the fifth sentence. The word NO conveys negation. Finally, the infinitive verb expresses the inevitability of performing some action.

Use examples of one-part sentences for training.

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Proposals are divided into one-part and two-part. Grammar basis two-part sentences consists of two main members - subject and predicate:

Chichikov's strange request suddenly interrupted all his dreams..

Grammar basis one-part sentences consists of one main member - subject or predicate:

Young birch trees are now planted in parks and major cities ; Red caftan, gold shoes, light brown wig, lace sleeves.

At the same time, a one-part sentence is characterized by semantic completeness.

TYPES OF SINGLE SENTENCES

Definitely personal proposals

Definitely personal one-part sentences express an action related to a specific but not named person: I carefully raise my hand. I pull the shawl off one ear. We drink coffee with milk at a large table covered with a clean tablecloth. Let's shout and cry frankly, sometimes together, sometimes apart, sometimes alternately.

Definitely personal proposals are characterized by the following features:

1) the actor exists, he is defined, but not named;

2) you can insert a subject me, we, you you ;

3) the predicate is expressed:

- verb of the 1st or 2nd person singular. or more numbers of the indicative mood present. or bud. time;

- an imperative verb.

Vaguely personal proposals

Vaguely personal one-part sentences denote an action performed by vague or unidentified persons: Bridge they started to repair(they are some people), but because of the crisis, apparently they stopped. At the end of the war, German prisoners were brought to our village. They didn’t let me go anywhere, they didn’t give me days off, they kept me strictly, almost like a military man.

For vaguely personal proposals :

1) the actor exists, but is not named or defined, since he is unimportant; the result of the activity is important;

2) you can insert the subject they, some people;

3) the predicate is expressed only in the plural form of the verb:

- 3rd person indicative present. or bud. vr.;

- past vr. indicative mood;

— conditional mood;

Generalized personal proposals

Generalized personal one-part sentences do not report specific actions, but express general judgments applicable to any person. Often these are proverbs, well-known truths, aphorisms: If you love to ride, you also love to carry a sled; Chickens are counted in the fall. Live forever and learn. Pancakes are baked with milk.

For generalized personal proposals the following symptoms are characteristic :

1) the agent exists, he is not named, but is thought of as generalized;

2) you can insert a subject everyone, any, all people ;

3) in structure they coincide with definite-personal or indefinitely-personal;

4) are proverbs, sayings, moral teachings and truths, aphorisms;

Impersonal offers

Impersonal one-part sentences are sentences in which there is not and cannot be an agent: To me I had to come by lunchtime. Cold and damp; Face to face, no face to be seen; The garden is blooming; There is not a soul; It smells like bird cherry; Blooms; It's blowing outside the window.

They express:

1) a process or state independent of the active figure, of the will of a person: I can't wait;

2) state of nature: It's cloudy outside;

3) actions of an unknown force, element: The car skidded at an intersection;

4) action of an indirect subject: The wind blew the poster off;

5) absence of something: No time; Neither people nor animals;

6) modal meanings (must, necessity, possibility, impossibility): Need to think; We should agree.

Impersonal sentences are characterized by:

1) there is no actor and there cannot be;

2) the predicate is not combined with Im.p.;

3) the predicate is expressed:

- impersonal verb;

- a personal verb in impersonal use;

- short passive participle;

- infinitive and various auxiliary components;

- words of state with or without a copular component and an infinitive;

- a negative word in combination with the genitive case;

- a noun in the genitive case with negation;

- infinitive (some linguists distinguish the type of infinitive sentences, while others consider them as a type of impersonal);

4) express:

- a process or state independent of the active agent;

- state of nature;

- actions of an unknown force, element;

- an action performed by an indirect subject;

- absence of something;

- modal values.

Nominative (nominative) sentences

One-part denominative (nominative) sentences have one main member - the subject, expressed by a noun in the form of the nominative case (less often - a personal pronoun or numeral):

Transparent spring air. Clouds crawling slowly and lazily. Morning . Freezing . Here comes the turn. Such sentences serve to state the fact of the existence of something in reality, that is, they name objects or phenomena that exist here and now.

For denomination sentences the following symptoms are characteristic :

1) the presence of only the subject;

2) express the fact of the existence of an object or phenomenon here and now

3) have no additions or circumstances

may include agreed and inconsistent definitions, particles, demonstrative words

4) the nominative presentation (nominative topic) is not a nominative sentence.

Among simple sentences by the presence of main members they distinguish two-part And one-piece. In two-part sentences, the grammatical basis consists of both main members - subject and predicate, in one-part sentences - only one.

It is important that the main member of one-part sentences is neither subject nor predicate, because it combines the functions of the two main members of the sentence.

The following types of one-part sentences are distinguished:

• definitely personal
• vaguely personal
• impersonal
• infinitives
• nominative

Definitely personal sentences are one-part sentences in which the main member indicates a specific character and is expressed in the personal form of the verb (1st or 2nd person). No.: I love thunderstorm in early May- here is the form of the main story. points to certain person- on the speaker himself. The main members are defined-personal. sentence most often expressed hl. 1l. And 2l. units or plural. present or bud. time, as well as ch. pov incl., e.g.: I'm coming on the way. We're sitting, we think, we write. Don't let it cool down your heart, son! Such one-part sentences are synonymous with two-part sentences: I'm coming on the way - I'm coming on the way. Used in formal speech, in business style and in thin literature.

Vaguely personal sentences are one-part sentences in which the action expressed by the predicate forms refers to an indefinite person. For example: At the door knocking (someone unspecified). The main term is most often expressed in the form 3 l. pl. h. present or bud. time, ch. pl. part last time, ch. in consonance inclination. Eg: You waiting in the audience. You handed over the book (will be handed over). If I asked, I would agree.

Impersonal are those one-part sentences in which the main member denotes an action or state that exists independently of the idea of ​​the person, example: Already it was getting light. Was frosty And It's clear . In impersonal sentences, natural phenomena are called ( Freezing), physical and mental states of a person ( I'm bored), state of the environment, assessment of the situation ( Cold. Good thinking on steppe roads), modal relations ( I wanted toThere is) etc. Predicate in impersonal. the sentence is expressed by an impersonal verb ( It's getting light), a personal verb in an impersonal meaning ( There was a knocking sound in the attic), words of the state category ( How nice it is all around!), short passive participle past. time ( Decided to go on an excursion), a negative word ( There is no peace). Most often used in bad times. lit. (accuracy, conciseness).

Infinitives- these are sentences in which the main member is expressed by an independent infinitive and denotes a necessary, inevitable or desirable action, for example: You start! They differ from impersonal ones in that they are impersonal. the infinitive is dependent, and in infinitives it is independent: To you tell about this?- inf. And To you should(need to) tell about this?- impersonal

Nominative (nominal)- these are sentences in which the main member is expressed nominative case name and denotes the existence of objects, phenomena, states, for example: Night. Street. Flashlight. Pharmacy(Block). The main member combines the meaning of the subject and its existence. The following types of sentences are distinguished: nominative existential: Night. Street; nominative demonstratives: There's an asterisk; nominative emotional-evaluative: What a neck! What eyes!(Krylov).