FOUNDATION:
rubble:
6.8 m³ x 1900 rub/m³	12920 rub.
concrete M200:
5.2 m³ x 4200 rub/m³	21840 rub.
concrete M200:
22.7 m³ x 4200 rub/m³	95340 rub.
bar fittings Ø10, 12, 14 AIII:
1.5 t x 37500 rub/ton	56250 rub.
foundation blocks FBS 24-3-6:
36 pcs. x 2360 rub./pc.	84960 rub.
cement-sand mixture:
1 m³ x 2700 rub/m³	2700 rub.
coniferous board for formwork:
1.1 m³ x 6500 rub/m³	7150 rub.
roofing material RKK-350:
3 rolls x 315 rubles/roll (10m²)	945 rub.

TOTAL: on the foundation

282105 rub.

COVERS:
wooden bars 150x50; 170x100; 150x100:
2.6 m³ x 7000 rub/m³	18200 rub.
Knauf drywall boards (2500x1200x10):
16 pcs. x 260 rub./pc.	4160 rub.
metal profile with fasteners:
132.5 l.m x 51 rub./l.m	6758 rub.
mineral wool insulation (Rockwool):
11.4 m³ x 3700 rub/m³	42180 rub.
:
110 m² x 68 rubles/m²	7480 rub.
polyethylene vapor barrier film:
110 m² x 11 rubles/m²	1210 rub.
plywood sheets FK 1525x1525x18:
0.8 m³ x 19000 rub/m³	15200 rub.
subfloor board:
0.9 m³ x 6500 rub/m³	5850 rub.

TOTAL: by floors

101038 rub.

ROOF:
pine beams (150x50mm):
2.4 m³ x 7000 rub/m³	16800 rub.
wood protection composition:
35 l x 75 rubles/liter	2625 rub.
waterproofing film (Tyvek Soft):
107 m² x 68 rubles/m²	7276 rub.
profiled sheets SINS 35–1000:
102 m² x 347 rubles/m²	35394 rub.
self-tapping screws with washer EPDM 4.8x35:
4 pack. x 550 rubles / pack (250 pcs.)	2200 rub.
skate profile (2000mm):
5 pieces. x 563 rub./pc.	2815 rub.
lathing board 100x25mm:
0.6 m³ x 7000 rub/m³	4200 rub.

10:0,0,0,260;0,290,260,260;290,290,260,0;290,0,0,0|5:171,171,0,260;0,171,111,111;171,290,160,160|1134:220,160|1334:146,39;146,122|2255:0,155|2155:65,0;65,260;206,260|2422:290,50;290,99|1934:211,-20

RUB 747,553.0

Only for the Moscow region!

Calculation of the cost of work

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Layout example 8x7 m for calculation	Structural scheme
		1. Wooden beam 150x150mm; 2. slab mineral insulation d=100mm; 3. plastic siding; 4. ventilation gap d=20-50mm; 7. Floor beams d=150-250mm; 8. Roof made of corrugated board; 9. Foundation made of monolithic concrete slab and prefabricated blocks h=1.8m;

Timber wall with siding panels and interlayer thermal insulation

Timber wall

The high popularity of wooden-log construction among our fellow citizens is predetermined by the traditional character, accessibility and health-improving aura of forest housing construction.

The features of a wooden dwelling have been proven to normalize the amount of humidity, within the range of 45-55%, to saturate the premises with phanticides, and also to have a calming effect on the psyche of people.

It should be noted that since recently there has been undoubtedly a growing interest in molded, in particular, prefabricated glued lumber material, which is characterized, in comparison with a non-glued massif, by increased (due to adhesive joints) heat-saving and strength abilities, as well as significantly lower shrinkage. Without a doubt, the minus that slows down the mass use of glued laminated timber is its tangible price, which, nevertheless, is more than justified by its long service life.

In construction warehouses, it is possible to see lumber products of sizes 140x140, 100x100, 120x120, 150x150, 180x180, 200x150, 150x100, of which the most used is the size of 150x150 mm, since it has an optimal ratio of structural characteristics and low cost, as well as the laboriousness of installation, expressed number of sealed inter-row joints.

The standard scheme for assembling a house from a bar:

• First, on the foundation, covered with a waterproof film, along the contours of the walls, a lower beam row is installed, which is connected by a tie-in into a spike at the corners and at the docking points of the internal partitions.
• In order to join the logs together, dowels are used - round oak or birch dowels with a diameter of 3.0-4.0 cm, which are installed effortlessly into holes made through three rows of beams, every 0.3 ÷ 0.4 m. quite often, dowels are replaced with large nails (25÷30 cm), with the indispensable execution of a groove in the upper log, 30 ... 40 mm deep, where the nail is finished, to compensate for the linear compression of the lumber during shrinkage.
• So that in the process of shrinkage wooden house windows and doors are not deformed, door and light openings are framed on vertical sections with "casing" - racks-profiles. In this case, a U-shaped spike is sawn out at the ends of the rows of timber, along which the said timber profiles move, due to the corresponding recess. Technological gaps are arranged above windows and doors, filled with fiberglass or felt insulation.
• When erecting walls, log rows are laid with a seam seal (flax, hemp, jute, flax-jute, felt, tow), which after 9-12 months (or when the log water content reaches 12-15%) will have to be caulked again to minimize heat loss through inter-beam joints.
• When choosing interior decoration seasonal deformations of timber-log walls should be taken into account and, when installing inelastic cladding (for example, drywall sheets), avoid direct connections to the timber wall by adding suspended buffer frame structures.

siding cladding

If all-season residence is planned, the log-beam cottage should also be overlaid with thermal insulation. As a rule, from the outside, in a vertical position, are attached wooden logs, with a size of 100x50 mm, with an interval of 400-600 mm, between which a heater is laid (for example, such as: P-175, Ursa, Izomin, P-125, Knauf, Rockwool, PZh-200, Isover, Izorok), after which a hydro is laid - and windproof film (Izospan, Yutavek, Tyvek), fixed with a counter-lattice, 25 ÷ 50 mm thick, along which a decorative false wall is attached (painted lining, DSP panels or plastic siding).

Due to the fact that the vinyl siding profile changes its linear dimensions quite strongly during vibrations. temperature regime, then you need to use loose fixing of vinyl records.

Today, plastic siding manufacturers (for example, brands: Nordside, Varitek, Georgia Pacific, Docke, Vytec, Snowbird, Tecos, Ortho, FineBer, Gentek, Mitten, AltaProfile, Holzplast) offer a rich color palette which makes any home look different from the rest.

It is important to bear in mind that PVC siding can retain a nice appearance and last a long time, only if the installation instructions are followed punctually.

PVC siding is resistant to chemical, atmospheric, mechanical factors, does not corrode, does not support combustion.

The PVC profile in case of fire only melts, igniting when heated to at least 390 ° C (moreover, the tree is already at 230-260 ° C), quickly extinguishing when the heating source is removed, and the volume of carcinogenic heating products is not more than during smoldering wooden structures.

Basic technological rules for fixing PVC siding:

• When hanging the next siding strip, click it by the locking ledge with the underlying strip and, without pulling, fix it with screws;
• In order to mask the seams, hinge vinyl panels it is better to do it starting from the back wall of the building, moving to the front wall, and each subsequent siding strip will cover the one already installed in the row being performed, by about 2.5 ... 3 cm, for the same purpose, the resulting joints, for adjacent rows, need to be shifted horizontally.
• Mounted siding plates should move easily to the right and left, for this, do not tighten the screws in the mounting slots until they stop.
• In places where external communications are carried out (wires, brackets, cables, pipes), as well as at connection points plastic panel and fittings (H-profile, inner corner, outer corner, architraves, etc.), it is necessary to provide cuttings, about a centimeter, to ensure thermal contractions or expansions of PVC siding.
• In order not to interfere with thermal screeds and stretching and, therefore, not to provoke pitting pvc material, screwing self-tapping screws or nailing nails into the siding profile should be in the center of the finished factory holes.
• Vinyl profiles are fastened from the bottom up, according to the instructions, a special starting profile is first installed.

Slab reinforced concrete foundation with prefabricated strip

The slab-side base is arranged around the perimeter external walls buildings in the form of a solid reinforced concrete slab, on which standard concrete blocks are placed.

The type of foundation under consideration is practiced in low-rise buildings to form the basement of a house, on unstable lands, subject to a low level ground water. In waterlogged areas, the side walls of the foundation should be made in the form of a continuous reinforced concrete tape, using waterproof coatings: gluing, coating, impregnation.

Along with this, the prefabricated block system of vertical foundation walls, according to the already finished reinforced concrete slab, is optimal for fast construction rates, as well as for the manufacture of the "zero" cycle in the cold period.

Standard execution sequence one slab foundation side parts in the form of a prefabricated reinforced concrete tape:

• First of all, the earth is dug to the design depth.
• Crushed stone, 40/60 size, 150-200 mm thick, is poured onto the resulting sub-base, and carefully compacted.
• Sand-cement pouring is carried out, 50 mm thick.
• A waterproof film is spread with an extension along the edges of 180-200 cm, for lateral waterproofing of the sidewalls of the foundation base.
• To protect the moisture-proof layer from possible ruptures during welding of the reinforcing structure, a second layer of cement mortar, 40 mm thick, along the perimeter of which formwork is placed along the height of the foundation slab.
• The formed slab is reinforced with two rows of welded iron rods of diameter Ø14 type AII with a step of 20x20 cm.
• For a slab foundation, only ready concrete, brand M300, class B22.5, delivered by a concrete mixer.
• The duration of concrete hardening (when it is already permissible to install a perimeter of FBS blocks) is at least 4 weeks in warm weather.
• The installation of wall blocks is carried out relative to the axial lines, along two mutually perpendicular walls, controlling the alignment by theodolite. Prefabricated blocks are sent by a truck crane to the "bed" of the mortar.
• Installation is more correct to start with laying beacon blocks at the intersections of the axes and in the corners of the building. It is worth proceeding with the arrangement of linear blocks only after controlling the position of the landmark blocks along the horizon and level.
• On the last row of FBS blocks, in plank formwork, a reinforcement-reinforced mortar screed is produced, 250 mm high.

Beam-wood floor

Floors from wooden beams traditionally popular in cottage construction, due to the convenience and cost-effectiveness of their manufacture.

Under the logs, wood is traditionally used conifers(for example: spruces, larches, pines), with a moisture content of not more than 14%. It is known that the most durable beam is a bar with an aspect ratio of seven to five (for example, 0.14x0.10 m).

When calculating lumber for flooring, it is necessary to be guided by special tables that take into account the dependence of the beam structure parameters on the span size and loading; or you can start from a simplified rule that the width of the beam should be about 0.042 of the width of the room, and the thickness - 5 ÷ 10 cm, with a laying step of beam boards of 50 - 100 cm and a load of 150 kgf / m².

With a shortage of a lag of sufficient size, it is permissible to use bolted boards, while leaving the overall size unchanged.

Characteristic moments of the installation of a beam-beam ceiling:

• in wooden log cabins, the edges of the beam beams are hemmed in the shape of a funnel, and then they are driven into the finished opening of the upper crown to the entire depth of the wall.
• The lag is set in the following sequence: first, the first and last, and then, with bubble level control, all the remaining ones. Beams should be led onto the wall structure by at least 15-20 cm.
• In order to avoid possible rot damage that can occur during steam diffusion in the masonry niche, the ends of the beam boards are sawn off at an angle of about 60 °, coated with an antiseptic solution (Biosept, KSD, Teknos, Senezh, Pinotex, Cofadex, Tikkurila, Biofa, Aquatex, Holzplast , Tex, Kartocide, Dulux) and cover with roofing material, keeping the end open.
• Beam bars are set aside not less than 5 cm from the wall, and the indent between the bars and smoke channel must be at least 40 cm.
• Usually, in brick structures, the edges of the beams are located in masonry openings in which moisture condenses, for this reason, between the end parts of the beams and the masonry, they leave space for ventilation, and with a significant depth of the groove, another layer of thermal insulation is installed.

The interfloor ceiling is not insulated, the basement ceiling is thermally insulated with the installation of a vapor barrier membrane on top of the thermal protection, and the ceiling of the upper level is thermally insulated with a vapor barrier layer underneath the insulation.

Since the task of constructive reliability of wood-beam interlevel ceilings is basically removed by an obvious increase in the cross section of the lag and their number, then with fire resistance and noise insulation everything does not look so clear.

One of the options for improving the soundproofing and fire-retardant parameters of wood-and-beam floors consists of the following items:

• From the bottom of the bearing logs, at an angle of 90 degrees, with the help of spring brackets, after 0.30-0.40 m, metal profiles are fixed - a crate, on which gypsum fiber boards are suspended from below.
• On top of the fabricated lattice structure, a synthetic film is laid and fixed with a stapler to the beams, on which mineral fiber slab insulation is tightly laid out, for example: Isover, Izorok, Knauf, Ursa, Izomin, Rockwool, with a layer of 5 centimeters, with a rise to vertical surfaces floor beams.
• In the premises of the upper level, they are screwed onto the bars with self-tapping screws chipboard sheets(16 ÷ 25 mm), after that, a high-density basalt fiber sound insulator (2.5 ... 3.0 cm), and again, floor preparation plywood slabs are laid.

Profiled roof

The corrugated material is sheets of trapezoidal molded metal, painted with a zinc layer, which are marked with symbols such as B-45, HC44, HC35, MP-35, H57, H44, H60, HC18, C-21, where the numbers indicate the size of the profile section.

The main benefits of a corrugated roof, in comparison with metal tiles, are the minimum costs and speed of execution.

To decorate the roof, corrugated board with a corrugation amplitude of 2 cm is used to ensure the required strength and economical use of the sheathing material. The working angle to the roof horizon is considered to be at least 1:7.

The roof is installed on a load-bearing structure made up of battens and truss elements.

During the construction of private buildings, a 2.3-span structure with inclined roof trusses and intermediate supporting walls is usually designed.

The supporting ends of the rafters are lowered onto the Mauerlat with a section of 10x10-15x15 cm; the interval between the rafters is usually made about 600-900 mm with a section of the rafters 50x150-100x150 mm.

The standard procedure for installing sheets of profiled metal:

• A roof using profiled steel corrugated sheets, like every other roofing base made of rolled steel, when arranging a warm attic space, provides for the use of an under-roofing waterproofing membrane, such as: Izospan, Stroizol SD130, Tyvek, Yutavek 115.135, TechnoNIKOL, which covers the inter-rafter heat-insulating material from running off condensate water.
• The waterproof membrane is installed horizontally, from bottom to top, with an inter-tier overlap of 10 ÷ 15 cm and a sag between the rafter legs of about 20 mm, with further gluing of the seam line with adhesive tape.
• To remove unnecessary inter-tier joints, long side profiled sheet is chosen similar to the transverse size of the roof slope, plus 20 ... 30 centimeters, taking into account the overhang.
• The interval between the lathing bars is determined by the slope of the roofing slope and the thickness of the profile relief: if the profile grade is S-8-S-25, and the slope is steeper than 15 °, then the gap between the lathing is 400 mm, and for the nomenclature NS-35÷NS-44 - about 0.7÷1.0 m.
• In order to avoid lifting the corrugated sheets during gusts of wind, their fastening should be carried out from the extremely lower corner of the end section of the roof, opposite to the prevailing direction of the wind flow.
• The corrugated sheets are fixed to the boards of the lathing with galvanized self-tapping screws, 28 ... 40, Ø 4.8 mm long, with sealing washers, into the deflection of the wave, and the ridge corners, on the contrary, into the crest of the wave. On the eaves, fixation takes place on all lower zones of the profile relief, and the consumption of screws is considered to be 6÷8 units. per m2 of profiled material.
• The longitudinal overlap of corrugated sheets should be performed in one wave, but with a roof slope of less than 12 degrees - in two corrugated waves.

Building a house from a bar is always associated with considerable financial costs. But so that they do not exceed the allotted limit and you have enough materials, you need to calculate the construction of a house from a bar.

Our portal "Remontik" offers step by step steps calculation of timber for building a house:

	Bar consumption for the house.
	The formula for calculating material consumption for bearing walls the buildings.
	Consumption of material for the roof frame of the house.
	Factors affecting the amount of material needed for a roof frame.
	Calculation of the amount of material for the crate and rafters.
	The number of blanks for the installation of beams.
	Calculation of the number of floorboards.

Regardless of whether you are planning to build housing on your own or for this you decide to hire workers, you need to draw up an estimate. It is she who will be the basis of all work.
A house made of timber contains the following structural elements:

• walls;

• roof;

• logs for floor and ceiling;

• crate;

• rafters;

• fasteners and insulation;

• windows and doors;

• strapping.

Consumption of timber for building a house

To build a house for permanent residence use timber 150x150 mm, 150x100 mm, 200x200mm or 100x100 mm. Before you start work, you should choose the size of the blanks and calculate how much timber you may need. Usually calculations are made in cubic meters, and not in pieces.

Form for calculating the beam for load-bearing walls

The calculation of a beam for building a house can be carried out according to the following formula:

• to begin with, the sum of the lengths of all the walls of the building is calculated, and not just external, but also internal;
• the perimeter must be multiplied by the height of the house, excluding the gable (the facade of the building, which is limited by the eaves and roof slopes);
• the value you get should be multiplied by the thickness of the timber for construction.

As a result, you will get the number of cubes that you need to build a house. As a rule, they are limited to one or two floors.

As a result, to build a house, you will need 13.5 m 3 of timber with a section of 150x150 mm. If you plan to use more walls, then it is important to take them into account in the calculations.

For the convenience of calculating the construction of a house from a bar and facilitating the choice, you can use the data shown in the table (with a length of 6 meters):

Bar section	pieces per cube	The volume of one piece
200x200 mm	4,1	0.24 m 3
150x150 mm	7,4	0.135 m 3
100x150 mm	11,1	0.09 m 3
100x100 mm	16,6	0.06 m 3

To perform the correct calculation of building a house from a bar, you need to take into account what you cannot avoid when individual construction- even a trusted supplier in one batch will have several units of marriage. This must be taken into account at the time of purchase and order blanks with a small margin.

Roof frame material consumption

For a log house, it is used rafter system, which acts load-bearing frame roofs. Wood is a durable material, but despite this, it should not be overloaded, otherwise it can provoke the destruction of load-bearing walls and uneven shrinkage.

The truss system belongs to the category pitched roofs. Cheaper and easier to build a gable roof with your own hands. The technology is accessible to a beginner, and it takes much less material.

Factors Affecting the Amount of Material Needed for a Roof Frame

If you want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also reliable, do not save on building materials. It is important not to deviate from the technology when building it yourself.

frame wooden roof contains the following required elements:

• rafters or rafter legs;

• pediment, consisting of a beam similar to load-bearing walls;

• beams (logs) - horizontally located bars, represent the basis for laying the floorboard;

• mauerlat - a thick layer along the perimeter of the walls is used to evenly distribute the weight of the frame;

• crate - fastened to the rafters and acts as the basis for the installation of the roof.

How to calculate the cost of building a quality house from a bar

According to SNiP 31-02, any roof has a number of requirements, taking into account which building materials need to be calculated. That is, so that the frame fully complies with the declared standards and provides protection for the house from snow, rain and melt water, does not let cold air, you need to find out exactly how many blanks are needed.

Calculation of the amount of timber for the frame: Mauerlat

The amount of material directly depends on the coverage area. For example, we can consider a 6x6 house. For quality foundation you will need a thick strong timber 150x150 mm or 150x100 mm. It is laid on four load-bearing walls, respectively, to make a Mauerlat, four beams are needed, each 6 meters long.

Attention! If the house does not imply the presence of internal load-bearing walls, then it is important that the distance between them does not exceed 8 meters. If there is another support inside the house, then it is worth increasing the distance to 14-16 meters.

For example: 6+6+9+9=30 meters.

The perimeter, namely 30 meters, must be divided by the length of one bar: 30 m / 6 m = 5 pieces.

As a result, for the construction of a Mauerlat for a house of 6x9 m, 5 bars of 6 meters are needed.

Calculation of the amount of material for the crate and rafters

The truss system is the main support for roofing material which protects the house from snow and wind.

The calculation of the timber that will go to the construction of the rafters is done according to the following formula:

1. The total load of wind and snow per 1 m 2 of the roof - it is calculated on the basis of SNiP 2.01.07-85 "Loads and Impacts". Therefore, for a slope with an angle of 45 degrees, the length of the roof is 6.5 meters and the length of the rafters is 3.5 meters, the load is 226.3 kg / m 2.
2. The total load is 5148 kg. Now we multiply 6.5 m by 3.5 m and we get 22.75 m, which represents the surface area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe slope (5148 kg).
3. Then you need to find out the length of all the rafters and how much timber you need to purchase for their construction. To do this, given that 1 running meter can withstand a weight of 100 kg, we divide 5148 kg into structures and get 51.48 m. This will be the minimum length of the rafters.
4. The slope of the roof hangs over the wall by about 50 cm, which means you need to buy wood of 4 meters.
5. It is very easy to calculate the number of pieces: 51.48 / 4 \u003d 12.87, or more precisely, 14, since they are arranged in pairs. That is, you need 7 pairs.

According to the instructions, the distance between the rafters should be equal to the number that is obtained by dividing the length of the roof by one less quantity pairs of rafters, namely 6.5 / 6 \u003d 1.08 meters. The cross section of blanks is 150x150 mm or 100x150 mm.

The rafter system also contains a wooden crate. Boards about 2.5 cm thick are used for it. They must be placed horizontally, namely parallel to the ridge.

At the same time, the width of the board should not be more than 15 cm. There are two laying methods, on which the number of timber purchased depends.

The first is continuous laying, when the distance is not more than 1-2 cm and discharged. In this case, the flight can reach 10 or more centimeters. The more often the boards lie, the warmer and stronger the structure, but at the same time, its cost also increases.

Calculating the amount is very easy. The length of the board and skate is measured. Then the installation of the skate must be divided by the footage of the board. Thus, you can find out how many boards were needed for the support strip.

If the width is 15 centimeters, and the gap is 5, then the number obtained after addition must be divided by the length of the slope. As a result, you will receive the number of blanks.

Calculating the cost of building a log house is a painstaking task. Therefore, it is important to take into account the fact that everything must be purchased with a margin. The roof flow rate is calculated taking into account the roof surface area. At the same time, natural openings are not taken into account - a place for an attic door and a chimney door, if there is one in the project.

Overlapping from beams is especially in demand in low-rise construction. They have a relatively low price, they are quick and easy to manufacture, wood is a durable material and has a low weight. It does not give significant loads on the foundation structure.

For the ceiling of the beams, only coniferous wood is used. In most cases, this is larch, since it is the most reliable and durable material that can withstand a lot of weight:

• good resistance to temperature extremes;
• stable tightness;
• practically no shrinkage.

Should be prioritized the best blanks, which were dried in steam chambers and have a moisture content of not more than 14%. In this case, the aspect ratio should be the following 150x200 mm or 150x100 mm.

For proper design, in order to perform a competent calculation of materials for the construction of timber, it is necessary to take into account the width of the span. The larger it is, the more often the beams are laid, and their number also increases. To cover the attic, it is not at all necessary to lay the workpieces very close to each other.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the table, which allows you to determine how many pieces you will need:

Span width in meters	Distance between beams in meters	Optimum workpiece cross section in mm
3	1	150x100
4	0,5	150x100
4	1	150x150
5	0,5	150x200
6	0,5	150x200
7	0,5	150x250

This means that for a span of 4 m, you need to buy 6 blanks for laying floor beams, starting from a step of 1 m. That is, 4 pieces will be used to close the span and 2 more will go to the edges near the walls. The cost directly depends on the length of the beam.

Calculation of the number of floorboards

Before calculating how much floorboard you need, you should decide on its dimensions:

• the optimal length is 4, 4.5 and 6 meters;
• thickness is represented by the following sizes: 32 mm, 25 mm and 30 mm;
• standard width - 105 mm or 100 mm.

If you are planning to make a floor from whole boards, then it is worth reducing the amount of waste.

The calculation of the material for building a house from a bar is carried out on the basis of the width and length of the covered area and on how the board will spread - across or along.

It is quite easy to do the calculations. If you know the parameters of the blanks, then you will determine the usable area, it is 5-7 mm less than the actual one as a result of the sheet pile.

Typically, manufacturers make boards 6 meters long. You also need to consider the amount of waste that you cannot avoid.

The calculations are performed as follows:

• Divide the known area of ​​the room by the area of ​​the board, taking into account only the useful area - this is the amount needed for laying.
• When the room has parameters other than 6 meters, it is important to consider the amount of the whole material. To do this, the width of the room is divided by the working width of the floor board.

Based on the information received, you can easily find out how much it will cost you to build a house from a bar. However, it is necessary to take into account such Consumables, as a material for roofing, insulation and additional fasteners. Their number directly depends on the area, the design of the house and other factors.

Conclusion

Building a house from a bar will be much easier than a brick one, and is available to every novice owner. After completing the construction calculation, you will receive an approximate amount of the object, which you should focus on when planning the budget.

An online lumber calculator for building a house and other structures will allow you to quickly calculate lumber, taking into account the size of the building. In accordance with the result obtained, the calculation of dowels, heat-insulating tape and the total cost of the material will be carried out.

When developing an online calculator, a formula was used that takes into account the parameters of the timber and the dimensions of the structure, including also the dimensions of the pediment and their number. This allows you to more accurately calculate the material for the construction of a structure of any complexity.

To perform the calculation, you must fill in the appropriate fields in the calculator form. First of all, data on the dimensions of the building are entered - the length and width, as well as the height of the walls.

If the building has a complex shape, then in the "Length of additional walls" field, you must enter the total length of all walls, excluding the building itself. For example, a standard residential building has rectangular shape, but in the future, a non-residential veranda, a barn and a storage room will be attached to the house. To fill in the field, it is necessary to measure the total length of all walls of additional extensions.

Preliminary calculations allow you to determine the transport and delivery of the material to the facility

If in the calculations it is necessary to take into account the material for the gables, then you will need to enter data on the quantity, as well as the width and height parameters. When measuring the latter, the maximum values ​​are taken.

Finally, data about the material is entered - its width and height. When filling in the appropriate fields, keep in mind that data on the parameters of the structure are entered in meters, and on the beam - in millimeters.

As a result, the online program will calculate the volume of building material needed, as well as its total weight, which will allow you to choose the appropriate transport if you plan to deliver the material to the site yourself. Additionally, the calculation results indicate the number of crowns, the length of the roll insulation and the number of dowels required to fix the beam.

How to calculate without a calculator

In addition to special calculators and programs, the calculation of a wooden beam for a house can be performed using simple mathematical formulas. Their knowledge will help in the implementation preliminary calculation material at the facility when there is no Internet access.

Glued laminated timber is made from pre-prepared lamellas

As an example, let's write out the calculation of a beam with a size of 150 × 150 mm for building a house 6 × 8m with a wall height of 2.5 m. The calculation logic is as follows:

• building perimeter: (6+8)*2=28 m;
• building wall area: 28*2.5 = 70 m2;
• required volume of material: 70 × 0.15 = 10.5 m3.

When performing manual calculations, it should be taken into account that 10% of the material is taken as a buffer. This is necessary in order to protect yourself from a shortage of materials during the construction process. If the calculations take into account savings on window and door openings, then this material can be taken as a buffer part without a surcharge of 10%.

What timber is used to build a house

For the construction of residential, non-residential and auxiliary structures, two types of timber are used: profiled and glued. Profiled timber is a modern material made, as a rule, from pine, spruce or larch wood. The beam canvas is made from a single log without the use of chemicals and adhesives.

The outer part of the profiled timber can be either flat or semicircular. The upper and lower parts are made according to the “thorn-groove” system, which ensures a more accurate fit of the canvas when assembling the frame of the structure.

Glued laminated timber is a building material made of various breeds wood, the manufacture of which occurs by gluing wooden lamellas. Mostly lamellas are made of spruce or pine, a little less often - from cedar pine or larches.

Profiled timber is made from a single log

If we compare both types of timber, then profiled timber has greater strength, due to which its cost increases. In addition, profiled timber is more demanding in the process of laying and further processing.

Glulam has a constant strength factor, humidity in the region of 10-20% and a standardized appearance. In fact, glued laminated timber is more versatile, but when choosing, it should be borne in mind that the quality of the product depends entirely on the adhesive compositions used.

Depending on the size of the building, the following options are used for its construction:

• 100 × 100 mm - usually used for the construction of small summer cottages, baths and sheds;
• 150 × 150 mm - used for the construction of capital one-story housing and insulated summer cottages;
• 200 × 200 mm - used in the construction of multi-storey residential buildings and country cottages.

When calculating a bar for a house using an online calculator, you can also find out it total cost. To do this, just enter the price per cubic meter of the product. When calculating, it should be remembered that the data obtained are indicative values ​​that can already be contacted by the developer.

If you plan to purchase the material yourself, we also recommend that you calculate on paper using the formulas above.

This article is devoted to solving practical problems in calculating some parameters of the future cottage. How to calculate how much timber is needed for a house? How to calculate the load on the foundation? These questions inevitably arise during the construction process.

Let's try to find answers.

Volume and section

We will have to divide the task into several components:

• Calculation of the number of floor and ceiling.

It is worth clarifying: the floor of the first floor does not have to be laid on wooden beams at all.
A monolithic slab base is an expensive but worth considering solution for unstable soils.

• Calculation of the truss system. We’ll say right away: its device can vary greatly depending on the shape of the roof. We will consider one of the simplest options.
• Calculation of the amount of material for external walls.
• Estimation of the amount of timber for internal partitions. Note that most of the time they are frame structures; partitions built from profiled timber inside the house are required only if the beams need additional support.

In this order, we will move forward.

beams

Typical thickness of genital and ceiling beams- 100x150 millimeters with a step between them of 0.8 - 1 meter. The beams cut into the crowns in a vertical position: in this case, their maximum rigidity is ensured with respect to the load directed along the gravity vector.

1. The quantity for each overlap is determined simple division the length of the house per step between the beams, subtracting one. So, for a house measuring 6x10 meters with a step between the beams of 90 cm, you will need 10 / 0.9 - 1 = 10 beams.
2. With a beam length of 6 meters (which is the same as the standard beam length), you will need 6 x 10 = 60 running meters.

However, lumber is sold, as a rule, in cubic meters. How to calculate the cubes of a bar, knowing its cross section and length? It's as easy as shelling pears: multiply them, after converting all the values ​​into meters. In our case, for a material with a cross section of 100x150 mm, the volume with a length of 60 meters is 0.1 * 0.15 * 60 = 0.9 m3.

rafters

The slope of the roof is assumed to be equal to 45 degrees; rafter pitch - 60 centimeters; their material is a bar with a section of 50x150 millimeters.

Captain Evidence suggests: the more often the rafters, the smaller their cross section can be under constant load.
By the way, about the load: with an increase in the slope of the roof, the maximum mass of snow that can accumulate on the roof decreases, but its windage increases.
Practical conclusion: in snowy regions it is better to do a roof with a large slope, in windy regions - with a smaller one.

The rafter system itself in our case is extremely simple: two rafter legs converge above the middle of the house and are fixed by a longitudinal run - a bar of the same section that connects the vertices of the triangles along the longitudinal axis of the house.

In the photo - straight rafters gable roof, not connected by a run.

1. The run located along the axis of the house will obviously be ten meters long, like the building itself.
2. With a roof slope of 45 degrees, the calculation of the length of the rafter legs is reduced to calculating the length of the legs of an isosceles right triangle with a known hypotenuse (it is equal, recall, to the diameter of the house - 6 meters). The sum of the squares of the legs is equal to the square of the hypotenuse. By solving a simple equation, we get the length rafter leg at 4.24 meters. This means that for each triangle it will take 8.5 meters of timber.
3. The total number of triangles that form the roof ridge is 10 / 0.6 - 1 = 16 (rounded up to the nearest whole number). The total length of the rafters will be 8.5 x 16 = 136 meters. By adding a run, we get 146 linear meters of timber 50x150.
4. How to calculate how much timber in a cube, we already know. Let's translate the molding into cubic meters: 146 x 0.05 x 0.15 \u003d 1.095 m3.

In practice, it is better to multiply the calculated amount of timber by about 1.3 times. Why?

Because in the previous calculations, we deliberately neglected a number of factors.

• With a rafter leg length of 4.24 meters, we will have a lot of scraps left. Yes, they can be used; but when building up, sections of the rafters will overlap with a decrease in length.
• To protect the walls from precipitation, the roof protrudes beyond them, forming overhangs. The actual length of the rafter leg will be slightly larger than the value we calculated.
• A certain amount of material, even in the ideal case, will go into scraps.

Exterior walls

To clarify: for the calculation of external walls and load-bearing partitions made of timber, the same simple calculation method is used.
In a separate section, we will consider only the manufacture of a frame partition.

Actually, the instruction in this case is reduced to solving a number of simple geometric problems.

1. Having presented the walls, pediments and partitions in the form of the simplest geometric shapes, we calculate their area.

1. We calculate the area of ​​​​all openings and subtract it from the previously obtained value.
2. Multiplying the area of ​​the walls by their thickness, we obtain the total volume of timber required for this part of the construction.
3. How to calculate how many beams in a cube - we have already figured out. If during purchases it is necessary to convert the cubic capacity into linear meters or into the number of products of a fixed length, you only need to multiply their number in cubic meters by the total volume of material.

Let's solve a little practical problem. How to calculate a beam for a 6x4 meter bath with a wall height of 2500 millimeters?

Let's agree that:

1. We build a bath from a bar with a section of 200x200 millimeters.
2. The roof is a simple shed, with a minimal slope. This is very easy to build with your own hands without complex calculations of rafters.
3. In the bath there is one transverse internal partition made of a solid bar of the same section. In this case, we do not need strength, but the maximum thermal insulation of the steam room from a colder dressing room.
4. Size front door- 200x90, doors to the steam room - 180x80 cm, windows in the steam room - 40x30 cm, two windows in the dressing room - 80x120 cm each.

Let's start with the calculations.

• The total length of the walls and the partition is 6 + 6 + 4 + 4 + 4 = 24 meters.
• Their total area, excluding openings, is 24 x 2.5 = 60 m2.
• Openings will reduce this area by (2 x 0.9) + (1.8 x 0.8) + (0.4 x 0.3) + 2 x (0.8 x 1.2) = 1.8 + 1 .44 + 0.12 + 1.92 = 5.28 m2. 60 - 5.28 = 54.72 m2 will remain.
• With a wall thickness of 20 cm, the volume of the walls will be approximately equal to 11 m3 (54.72 x 0.2). Taking into account the margin for trimming (in the general case, it is taken equal to 15 percent), we should purchase at least 12.5 cubic meters.
• In a cube there are 25 linear meters of a beam of a given section (1 / (0.2 * 0.2)). With a length of one product of 6 meters, 12.5 cubes correspond to 12.5 x (25/6) = 52 pieces.

Frame partitions

It all depends on its design. A typical solution is a frame made of a bar with a section of 50x50 millimeters in increments of 40 cm for plasterboard sheathing and 60 cm for plywood. Frame - vertical; from below and from above along the entire length of the partition there is a strapping - longitudinal bar the same section.

Useful: the price of drywall is noticeably lower; however, if the walls made of timber are covered only with varnish from the inside, it will look somewhat alien.
But lacquered plywood will perfectly fit into the overall concept of a wooden house.

The lack of length of the bar in this case does not present any problems: it is easily spliced simple connection half a tree.

Let's calculate the consumption of a bar for a solid interior partition 5 meters wide and 2.8 high.

Sheathing material - plywood; respectively, the step between vertical elements frame will be 0.6 meters.

• The upper and lower longitudinal bars will have a total length of 5 + 5 = 10 meters.
• The number of vertical bars 2.8 meters long is 5 / 0.6 - 1 = 8 (rounded up to the nearest integer). Their total length is 2.8 x 8 = 22.4 meters; taking into account the longitudinal bars, we need 22.4 + 10 = 32.4 running meters.
• Let's not forget to make a correction for: 32.4 x 1.15 \u003d 37.26 meters.

• In a cube with a section of 50x50 mm 1 / (0.05 x 0.05) = 400 running meters.
• 37.26 linear meters will be 37.26 x 0.05 x 0.05 = 0.09315 m3.

Weight

We have learned how to solve a variety of tasks regarding how to calculate the cube of a beam. However, an equally important problem escaped our attention - the calculation of the load on the foundation. Let's hasten to correct this misunderstanding.

Why is it needed

Of course, to calculate the .

Since relatively light log houses are usually built on light foundations - screw, columnar and tape, during construction, a couple of typical tasks have to be solved:

• Calculate the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe foundation with the known mass of the house and the bearing capacity of the soil.
• Calculate Quantity screw piles with known mass of the house and the bearing capacity of one pile.

Reference values

How to estimate the weight of a house? It's not easy to weigh it, isn't it?

The task will be simplified for us by the observation made long ago: if the design of the building is more or less balanced (that is, for example, reinforced concrete floors do not lie on the walls of sip panels), the maximum load on the foundation is approximately twice the total mass of the walls.

We learned how to calculate the volume of walls. It is clear that in order to calculate the mass, we lack a mere trifle: reference values ​​for the density of wood of popular species.

In order not to bother the reader with the search for reference books, we present them.

Please note: the density of wood is given at a moisture content of not more than 18%.
The so-called bar of natural moisture can be much more damp and, accordingly, have a much greater density.

All photos from the article

An online calculator for calculating the amount of timber per house can now be found on the website of any major seller of building materials. But if for some reason the calculator is not available - how to calculate the amount of timber per house manually? Obviously, we will have to remember the half-forgotten course of school geometry.

If several sizes of lumber are used during construction, the calculation of the amount of timber per house is performed separately for each of them. Let's say, with a bar of 200 * 200 and internal partitions made of a material with a section of 100 * 100, we separately calculate the volume for the capital enclosing structures and for the partition.

Negligible quantities

As you can see, without using an online calculator, it is not difficult to calculate how much timber you need for a house.

However, it should be understood that with the above calculation scheme, we deliberately neglect some of the subtleties of construction:

• The actual volume of each wall will be somewhat less than the calculated one due to the fact that the rectangular parallelepipeds representing the walls partially intersect in space;
• In addition, we completely neglect window and doorways(with the exception of floor-to-ceiling panoramic windows).

The reason why we ignore these points is very simple: none of these factors affect the volume of purchases.

As a rule, when designing and building a log house with your own hands, the dimensions of the structure are deliberately made a multiple of the length of the lumber that is supposed to be used.

Additional segments are used in construction extremely rarely, because they:

1. Reduce the mechanical strength of the log house, its ability to withstand deforming loads;
2. Deteriorate the thermal insulation of the building due to blown seams;

It is worth clarifying: the insulation strongly depends on the method of cutting adjacent segments.
A half-tree horizontal connection is really blown by all the winds, but it is worth deploying it vertically - and in terms of thermal insulation, the connection will be no different from a solid crown.

1. They require unjustified time to perform unnecessary connections.

reference Information

Lumber at large volumes is bought and sold by cubic meters. The price is indicated by the seller exactly per unit of volume.

However, in some cases, the buyer needs to purchase a small amount of timber, measured in units. The most typical example is the purchase of materials for beams or a floor log: it is much easier to count the number of beams with a known step than their total volume.

In this case, the following table, which is relevant for a measured length of 6 meters, may be useful to him.

Calculation examples

Task 1

We are already familiar with the instructions for performing calculations; it remains only to follow the above algorithm.

1. The perimeter of the house is 6*4=24 meters. Square outer wall- 24 * 2.7 = 64.8 m2;
2. The horizontal section of the beam in SI units corresponds to 0.15 m;
3. The volume of the walls, therefore, is 64.8 * 0.15 = 9.72 m3.

Task 2

Let's complicate the task, still not using a calculator: how to calculate the number of cubes of timber per house measuring 12 * 12 * 3.5 meters, if the outer walls are built from lumber with a section of 250 * 250, and the internal cruciform partition dividing the building into four equal room area - from a bar with a section of 100 * 100 mm?

It is easy to guess that in this case the area of ​​​​the outer walls and the partition will be the same. Let's calculate this area: 12*4*3.5=168 m2.

Now we translate the thickness of the walls into SI values:

• 250 mm = 0.25 m;
• 100 mm = 0.1 m.

So, we need 168 * 0.25 = 42 cubic meters of material of a larger section for the outer walls and 168 * 0.1 = 16.8 m3 of 100 * 100 timber for the partition.

Tip: in practice, it is better not to increase them to improve their heat-insulating qualities, but to insulate the house from the outside with mineral wool boards.
This will give the owner the best insulation at a much lower cost.

Task 3

• The height of its two floors is 6.5 meters;
• Dimensions - 6 * 12 meters;
• The thickness of the outer walls is 200 mm (beam 200 * 200);
• The thickness of the partitions is 100 mm, the height is 3.1 meters, and their total length on both floors is 92 meters;
• The house has three floors on beams measuring 150 * 100 mm, laid in increments of 1 meter.

Let's break a relatively complex problem into several stages.

1. We calculate the volume of lumber for the outer walls of the log house. It is equal to (6+6+12+12)*6.5*0.2=46.8 m3;
2. We calculate the volume of material for the internal partition. 92*3.1*0.1=28.52 m3;
3. We count the number of beams. With transverse laying, 13 pieces will go into each floor (the first and last beams are located directly near the walls parallel to them); for all three floors you will need 13 * 3 = 39 pieces;