Application of water heaters indirect heating justified when solid fuel or is installed in the heating system. If there is gas in the house, then it is easier and cheaper to use either single-circuit ones in tandem with gas water heaters. In the case of installing an indirect heating boiler, there can be no question of it, since there are electric prototypes of it.

Operating principle of a cylinder water heater

Let's start with what an indirect heating water heater is - it is a reservoir in which water for household needs is heated due to the operation of the boiler. It performs the same functions as a conventional electric boiler. The tank can be connected to any boiler, but is usually used in tandem with solid fuel. The main thing is that the heater has a circuit for an indirect heating water heater. The operating principle is quite simple:

• the boiler circulates coolant through the built-in heat exchanger in the tank;
• hot liquid gives up its heat to the water in the tank;
• when the water in the tank reaches the set temperature, the circulation of the coolant through the heat exchanger stops;
• when the temperature drops, circulation resumes.

Korean ones are inexpensive, but this does not reflect on the quality - it is excellent.

The boiler is also in demand, especially among apartment owners.

As hot water is used, liquid from the water supply enters the tank. The tank has a recharge pipe that operates autonomously. The degree of filling is controlled by special sensors. Depending on the configuration of the tank, it is installed in a dead-end or circulation DHW system.

How to choose an indirect heating water heater

The components and materials of indirectly heated water heaters may vary, and this should be taken into account when choosing. You need to start with the materials. The main thing to look at is what the tank is made of. It can be made of ordinary steel or stainless steel. The latter is naturally better, but such a product also costs more. The service life of the product depends on the quality of the tank material, so this selection criterion is one of the determining ones.

When you have decided on the materials, you need to decide what kind of hot water system you plan to install. If this is a circulating DHW, then the indirectly heated cylinder water heater must have a pipe for recirculation. Main design elements:

• the tank itself;
• coolant circuit (connected to the boiler);
• temperature sensor;
• pipes for connecting DHW;
• pipe for replenishment from the water supply.

As additional options An electric heating element can be installed. This is an optional element, but it's still better when it is there. Do you use hot water? all year round, but there is no heating. It is unreasonable to fire a boiler just for the sake of heating water; it is much more convenient to use an electric heating element.

Heating elements can be dry or wet. From experience we can say that it is better not to use a dry heating element. It is more expensive and, despite all the efforts of manufacturers, it also burns out. A dry heating element is cheap, you can change it yourself, and it’s much easier to find on sale.

The last, optional element of the package is a built-in heat exchanger for alternative energy sources. The water in the tank can be heated by connected or.

When everything technical points settled, all that remains is to choose the volume. Based on reviews, we can say that for a family of three adults, a 100-liter tank will be enough. But even if you take a larger tank, no unpleasant moments will arise during operation. The only thing is that it will take more time for the first heating. Then the water will be heated as it is used. If you do not open the hot water tap, it remains in the tank and does not cool down. The water heater is well insulated with polyurethane foam, so heat loss is minimal.

How to install a storage water heater

Installation of indirectly heated storage water heaters depends on whether your boiler has a special circuit for it. If yes, then all that is required is to connect the pipes of the heat exchanger built into the tank to the heater and insert the temperature sensor of the tank into the designated place in the boiler.

When the pressure in the heating system reaches a critical value, it releases.

Operation is more expensive, but installation is cheaper.

If you have a regular boiler, then the water heater is connected to the heating system, like another radiator. Main problem– this is control of the temperature of the water in the tank. Therefore, it is installed according to the principle of a warm floor - through mixing unit. An ordinary one is ideal for this purpose. three way valve, to which the temperature sensor from the boiler is connected. Naturally, you need to comply basic rules: availability shut-off valves and installation of detachable connections (American).

Good day,

WATER HEATERS CAPACITIVE ELECTRICAL
Manufacturing company Unitherm	Country of origin: Germany	Certificate of Conformity GOSSTANDARD OF THE RF C -DE .AB 66.B .00374

ABOUTcompanies

German company Unitherm Haustechnik GmbH specializes in the production of water heating, heating, pumping equipment and electrical appliances.

All products are manufactured in factories in Germany and the EU and have the necessary certificates of conformity and quality. The latest technologies, the best price-quality ratio and modern design characterize the products as accurately as possible Unitherm and allow the company to occupy a leading position in the global market.

The company pays great attention to protection environment. First of all, this concerns energy-saving technologies and devices that help reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmosphere and use energy more efficiently.

Device and principle of operation.

Storage water heaters have a tank in which water is heated. In this case, cold water is at the bottom of the tank, and hot water is at the top.When hot water is drawn from the water heater, it displaces cold water. Cold water enters the water heater from below, under pressure, and hot water is drawn from above. The diagram shows that the supply pipe cold water short, and the hot water intake pipe is long, therefore, all the hot water comes from above the water heater. In order for hot water to flow constantly, the water heater must have access to cold water, and it must be connected to the electrical network. It should be remembered that hot water from the storage water heater will not flow constantly, since hot water is displaced by cold water, and the heating element, although it turns on at this time, is not powerful enough to immediately heat the water.

Electric DHW water heaters - pros and cons

• Providing a sufficiently large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you choose).
• Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several water points
• Possibility of connection to a regular electrical network.
• There does not have to be a lot of pressure in the water main.

· The thermal insulation layer ensures that the water temperature in the tank is maintained for a sufficiently long time.

• The outlet water temperature can be very high (up to 75 0 C).

• Time required to heat water (minimum 20 minutes - depending on volume).

• When you consume little hot water, the device is forced to spend additional energy maintaining the temperature of the water in the tank, i.e. in fact, to heat it up.
• The main inconvenience of boilers is their size.
• Storage water heaters tend to be more expensive than instantaneous water heaters.
• Since water is stored in a container, its quality, especially drinking water, may deteriorate.

• With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 2-3 years.

Connection diagram for a capacitive electric water heater.

ELECTRIC STORAGE WATER HEATERS companies Unitherm

· Universal storage water heaters for installing heating elements, floor-mounted, 800-1000 l, stainless steel. steelUS... Uni S 59 kb

· Floor water heaters universal with the ability to install heating elements and/or heat exchangers with a capacity from 140 to 3000 l US...Uni

· Storage water heaters: electric, floor-mounted, 200-600 lUS, US...B 72 kb

· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, vertical, 30-200 lUSR 104 kb

· Storage water heaters: electric, wall-mounted, horizontal, 50-200 lUSR...H 86 kb

Capacitive electric water heaters.

Electric floor-mounted DHW heaters closed type seriesUS 200–600 B, US 200–400 with a capacity from 200 to 600 l, designed for floor installation and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 10 bar. The devices have single-phase 230 V or three-phase 400 V electrical connection(volume above 400 l) depending on power consumption, possibility of using a cheap night tariff (only US ...). Water heaters can provide hot water one or more water points. To save energy, it is recommended to set the energy saving mode to 60° C.

Design

● Internal container made of steel ST 372, coated with anti-corrosion enamel;

●C removablethermal insulation from environmentally friendly pure material;

● Built-in heating flange (∅ 180 mm) with a heating element made of stainless steel;

● Protective magnesium anode∅ 33x400–M8;

● Control unit and heating indicator on the heating flange;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment 20–75°C;

● Frost protection mode and safety temperature limiter.

IP 24 (protection against splashing water);

USR, with a capacity from 30 to 200 l, designed for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 6 bar ( USR 30–50) and 8 bar (USR 80–200). Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points and are used in both open and closed systems heating water. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 15 to 65°C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°С ( USR 80–200).

Design

● Steel body, powder coated white;

● Internal container made of high quality steel ST 37–2 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by casting at a temperature of 850°C;

● Control unit and heating indicator on the front panel;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 15 to 65°C ( USR 30–50) or from 20 to 75°С ( USR 80–200);

● Mounting bracket included

● High degree of electrical safety: type of protection IP 24.

Electric capacitive water heaters of the closed type seriesUSR... H, with a capacity from 50 to 200 l, are intended for wall mounting and operation in water heating systems with a maximum operating pressure of up to 8 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points and are used in both open and closed water heating systems. The horizontal position of the device allows it to be placed in confined spaces. The devices are equipped with a heating indicator and a stepless regulator that allows you to set the heating temperature in the range from 20 to 73°C.

Design

● Steel body, painted with white powder enamel;

● High quality steel inner container St 372 with a special glass-ceramic coating applied by casting at a temperature of 850° C;

● Thermal insulation from environmentally friendly material;

● Heating element made of stainless steel;

● Anti-corrosion magnesium anode;

● Heating temperature regulator with smooth adjustment from 20 to 75°C, hidden under a decorative cover;

● Heating indicator on the front panel;

● Thermometer;

● Frost protection mode and protective temperature limiter;

● Mounting bracket included.

● High degree of electrical safety: protection class IP X 4 (protection against splashing water).

Design and principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters.

The principle of operation of universal capacitive water heaters is practically no different from the principle of operation of capacitive electric water heaters. The main difference is the use of different water heating systems (electric heating element, water-to-water heat exchanger), and in water heaters with double-flange holes, their combinations.

Universal DHW water heaters - pros and cons

Positive characteristics:

• Providing a large volume of hot water (depending on the characteristics of the model you choose).
• Possibility of supplying hot water simultaneously to several water points
• Possibility of connecting various water heating systems (heat sources).
• There does not have to be a lot of pressure in the water main.
• High efficiency due to the use of various water heating systems.

· The thermal insulation layer ensures that the water temperature in the tank is maintained for a long time.

• High outlet water temperature (up to 95 0 C).

Negative characteristics:

• Time required to heat water.

· The volume of hot water is limited by the size of the tank.

• With regular use, the magnesium anode needs to be replaced every 1-2 years.

Universal floor-mounted storage water heaters of a closed type US...Uni volumes from 140 to 3000 l are optimally suited for providing hot water supply both in small facilities and in facilities with a large demand for hot water.
Water heaters are produced in versions with one (140-500 l) and two (300-3000 l) flange openings, which provides ample opportunities for combining water heaters for various heating systems - electric heating element or water-to-water heat exchanger, which are supplied separately.
All models with two flanged holes have a flange diameter of 240 mm (maximum power 2x45 kW), models with one flanged hole - 180 mm (maximum power 1x10 kW).
All water heaters are equipped with a threaded coupling for installing an additional heating element with a power of up to 9 kW.
Water heaters with a capacity of up to 500 liters are equipped with a metal casing, as evidenced by the M index in the model name. Water heaters with a capacity of 800 l or more are supplied in a soft, removable casing.
Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points.

Design

· Heating container made of high quality steel ST37-2 with double coating of environmentally friendly anti-corrosion quartz enamel;

· One flanged hole 180 mm (US ...1 M Uni) or two flanged holes 240 mm (US ...2 (M) Uni) for installing electric heating elements and heat exchangers, (unused holes can be closed with a plug and cover);

· Threaded coupling for installing an additional electric heating element;

· Highly effective environmentally friendly removable thermal insulation with a thickness from 50 (US ...1 M Uni) to 100 mm (US ...2 Uni);

· Magnesium anode or externally powered anode - for additional corrosion protection;

· Fittings for connecting cold and hot pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting the return circulation pipeline;

· Hard metal casing (US...M Uni) or soft removable casing (US...Uni)

· Built-in thermometer.

Universal electric floor storage water heaters of a closed type US...Uni S with a volume of 800 to 1000 liters made of stainless steel, they are optimally suited for providing hot water supply in facilities with a large demand for hot water. Water heaters are produced in versions with two flange openings, which provides ample opportunities for the use of electric heating elements with a power of up to 10 kW each. The maximum operating pressure in the hot water supply system is 10 bar. Water heaters can provide hot water to one or more water points.

Design

• Heating container - stainless steel "inox» AISI 316 L , the weld is made using technology TIG in combination with plasma welding;
• High quality eco-friendly removable thermal insulation with magnetic closure, base color is white;
• Two flange holes∅ 134 mm at the front of the water heater;
• Thermometer;
• Fittings for connecting cold and hot water pipelines, as well as a fitting for connecting a return circulation pipeline;
• Height-adjustable legs

Capacitive electric water heaters

To create reserves of hot water and use it for various needs, there are mainly 2 types of devices: electric capacitive water heaters and gas. The first ones are used where there are no gas mains nearby, but are laid electrical networks. Despite the fact that the cost of hot water heated in gas boiler, 3-5 times cheaper than heated in an electric capacitive heater, this is often necessary, since in many cases without hot water it is impossible to carry out most technological processes, if this is production, or just comfortable to exist if these are household buildings and structures.

The principle of operation of an electric water heater is to transfer heat generated when an electric current passes through a heating element placed in a container of water. The heating element transfers this heat to the surrounding water by conduction (contact). The temperature of the water in a cylinder water heater depends on its power: the greater the power, the faster the water heats up and the larger its volume can be heated per unit time.

Thus, capacitive electric water heaters are among the simplest in their design and principle of operation available in terms of preparation for use (you only need electrical outlet), but quite expensive in terms of the cost of heating a unit volume of water.

Equipment

The price includes the delivery set: thermal insulation in a practical casing made of PVC or ABS plastic, one or more heating elements (Austria, Poland). You can also purchase additional compatible equipment to equip the water heater. The price list is available at the link: additional equipment ›.

The thermal insulation that water heaters are equipped with serves to reduce heat loss and reduce energy consumption to maintain the water temperature inside the tank at a given level. The water heater is supplied with a casing and thermal insulation assembled, with the exception of models with a volume of 4000 liters or more. Thermal insulation, if necessary, can be easily dismantled and installed to carry the device through doors and mounting windows. Electrotherm products come with two types of thermal insulation: polyurethane foam in a soft PVC fabric casing or polyester in a hard ABS plastic casing.

Development of custom equipment

By special order it is possible to manufacture a water heater of any volume in the range from 600 to 10,000 liters. At your request, consultants will select a sufficient volume and power of the water heater, based on the estimated hot water consumption at the site.

In addition, at the request of the customer, additions and changes can be made to the design of the water heater, for example: changing overall dimensions, changing the location of the pipes, increasing the operating pressure and electrical power.

You can find out more about the development of a custom-made water heater.

Application and features

The Electrotherm 1000 E electric water heater is a thermally insulated sealed tank, the water in which is heated using one or more electric heating elements made of stainless heat-resistant steel. The heating elements are equipped with thermostats and allow you to regulate the water heating temperature. Also, heating elements are equipped with emergency temperature sensors that protect the water heater from overheating. Structurally, the water heater allows you to organize recirculation of hot water in the DHW system.

Industrial electric water heaters are used for hot water supply systems (DHW) of municipal and commercial facilities that require large amounts of hot water: hotels, schools, kindergartens, hypermarkets, sports complexes, factories, etc. Water heaters are used as the main or as a backup source of hot water supply.

The performance of electric water heaters depends on their volume and electrical power. The volume of standard electric water heaters of the E series ranges from 600 to 10,000 liters in the standard version. The power of the water heater in standard models ranges from 4.5 to 90 kW. By special order, the volume and power of the water heater can be changed up or down.

The internal tank of the product is made of high-quality AISI 321 stainless steel or high-strength structural steel with ceramic coating and is designed to operate under excessive internal pressure.

HONEST CAPACITY: unlike a number of other manufacturers, in Electrotherm electric water heaters the capacity of the internal tank is not underestimated. This means that in the 1000 E model the actual capacity is 1000 liters. At the same time, models from a number of other manufacturers

(both Russian and European) marked xx1000 may actually have a smaller capacity, for example 700-800 liters. Thus, manufacturers achieve an apparent reduction in the cost of products, although in fact they reduce the real performance of water heaters.

Differences between types of Electrotherm internal tanks

High strength coated structural steel inner tank

The steel thickness is from 3 mm, the internal coating consists of ceramics with special components. The coating reliably protects the internal tank from corrosion and is resistant to deformation. Coated water heaters are used for heating and storage drinking water, water for sanitary needs (showers, laundries, swimming pools, etc.) and water for technical needs, which is confirmed by the corresponding expert opinion.

The outside of the tank is coated with a special paint, which has water-repellent properties and serves to protect the tank from aggressive environmental influences and from external mechanical damage during transportation and connection.

Internal tank made of high-strength structural steel without coating

Steel thickness from 3 mm, containers with a tank made of structural steel are used in closed systems heating as a heat accumulator (buffer tank) and in ventilation systems as a cold accumulator. The outside of the tank is coated with a special paint, which has water-repellent properties and serves to protect against external corrosion and external mechanical damage during transportation and connection.

Interesting fact: for external painting, the same manufacturer's coating is used as for Eiffel Tower in Paris and the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco.

Stainless steel inner tank

Stainless steel water heaters are used for heating and storing drinking water, water for sanitary needs (showers, laundries, swimming pools, etc.) and water for technical needs. For production, stainless steel of European origin (France, Finland) of AISI 321 grade with the addition of titanium is used. it has better anti-corrosion properties than the traditionally used AISI 304 and AISI 304L steels.

Why is the country of steel production important: the properties of stainless steel are determined by the content of alloying additives (mostly chromium and nickel), which give the steel anti-corrosion properties. In European steel, the content of alloying additives is higher, and the steel has stronger anti-corrosion properties, in comparison with some types of Russian steel, where, to reduce the cost, a minimum amount of alloying additives is used at the lower limit of the standard.

Water heaters of all types are tested overpressure

Every manufactured water heater undergoes testing. Test pressure is up to x2 of the nominal operating pressure. This means that water heaters with a working pressure of 6 bar are tested at a pressure of 12 bar, which confirms the exceptional reliability and quality of the equipment

The high reliability of Electrotherm water heaters is due to the careful selection of materials and use welding equipment and original filler materials from leading European concerns.

You can learn more about the advantages of Electrotherm products.

"Plumbing" (Publishing house "AVOC-PRESS"), No. 1, 2002

• main types of water heaters;
• brief description instantaneous and storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• main types of storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• electric storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• combined storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• gas storage (capacitive) water heaters;
• main manufacturers of storage (capacitive) water heaters;

Almost every owner of both a large cottage and small house in the village. And city residents remember this problem at least once a year during a preventive summer shutdown of hot water supply.

The range of water heaters presented on the Russian market is very wide - dozens of manufacturers, many of the most different models. The purpose of this article is to help you understand at least a little about this equipment.

What types of water heaters are there?

There are several types of devices that heat water for household needs: electric, gas, solid fuel, indirect heating of hot water from the heating medium (they are often called “water-to-water”). Water heaters are also divided into instantaneous and storage (capacitive). In flow-through systems, water is heated as it moves past heat transfer elements (electric heating elements, copper pipes, plate heat exchangers). The main advantages of storage (capacitive) water heaters are comfort and convenience, because... you can always stock up on plenty of hot water in advance. The main advantage of flow-through ones is their compactness. All water heaters can be divided into the following types: gas instantaneous water heaters(often called " geysers"), 1.gas storage (capacitive) water heaters, electric instantaneous water heaters, electric storage (with and without built-in coil) water heaters, electric storage (capacitive) water heaters with a firebox for solid fuel, indirect heating. This article will take a closer look at the most popular ones - capacitive water heaters (boilers). Using the example of products from the Czech company DRAZICE, the difference between electric water heaters (Fig. 1), electric ones with a built-in coil (Fig. 2) and indirect heating boilers (Fig. 3) is very clearly visible.

Water heaters of the company DRAZICE

Electric storage (capacitive) water heaters.

The use of electric storage (capacitive) water heaters is most optimal when you want to have a sufficient amount of hot water, and the electrical wiring of your home or the amount of allocated electricity for your cottage does not allow the use of instantaneous water heaters, the average power consumption of which ranges from 5 to 27 kW.

Storage (capacitive) electric water heaters are quite simple and reliable devices, the main elements of which are an internal tank and heating element- Heater. The tank volume of most manufacturers usually ranges from 10 to 200 liters, the power of the heating element is from 1.2 to 2.5 kW. These two parameters determine the heating time of water in the water heater. For 10-15 liter boilers it will take approximately 30-40 minutes, for 200 liter boilers - 5-8 hours. In addition to the tank and heating element, water heaters usually include: a magnesium anode (prevents corrosion of the internal tank), thermal insulation (ensures that the heated water retains heat), a thermostat (allows you to set the desired temperature), outer casing(defines appearance boiler), safety valve(to relieve excess pressure).

Gas storage (capacitive) water heaters.

Now a few words about storage (capacitive) gas water heaters. Their sales volume in Russia is much lower than that of electric ones. At the same time gas water heaters in some cases, they are much more profitable than electric ones and their higher price more than pays off during operation, because the cost of gas is several times less than the cost of electricity. The comfort provided by storage (capacitive) water heaters gives them the opportunity, under certain conditions, to successfully compete with geysers.

It is important to note that many companies produce two types of capacitive gas water heaters:

1. with natural draft (with open combustion chamber),
2. with forced draft (with a closed combustion chamber).

Forced draft water heaters have the following advantages: they do not require additional air flow into the room to support the combustion process, they can reduce investment during installation, because there is no need to make an expensive traditional chimney, instead of which a short and inexpensive coaxial chimney can be successfully used. Their main disadvantage is that they are noticeably more high cost compared to water heaters with an open combustion chamber (about 1.5 times).

The main elements of gas storage (capacitive) water heaters are:

1. tank protected from the inside special coating and equipped with a magnesium anode to prevent corrosion,
2. outer casing made of steel, coated with a layer of paint,
3. insulation that reduces heat loss,
4. an exhaust hood that prevents the backflow of exhaust gases,
5. atmospheric gas burner,
6. control unit,
7. a protection system that shuts off the flow of gas in the event of abnormal operation.

		AMERICAN WATER HEATERS

I will try to list some brands of capacitive water heaters that are widely represented on the Russian market.

1) Electric DHW Heaters:

• ARISTON (Italy)
• AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
• BAXI (Italy)
• DEMIR DOKUM (Türkiye)
• DIMPLEX (Germany)
• DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
• ELECTROLUX (Sweden)
• EUROBOILER (Italy)
• GORENJE (Slovenia)
• IDROPI (Italy)
• ISEA (Italy)
• LIKE (Italy)
• STIEBEL ELTRON (Germany)
• TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
• THERMEX (Italy)
• THERMIA (Finland)
• WESTER (England)

2) - electric heating element plus coil:

• ARISTON (Italy)
• AUSTRIA EMAIL (Austria)
• DRAZICE (Czech Republic)
• EUROBOILER (Italy)
• GORENJE (Slovenia)
• IDROPI (Italy)
• TATRAMAT (Slovakia)
• WESTER (England)

3) Combined DHW water heaters- electric heating element plus firebox for wood:

• ARISTON (Italy)

4) Gas cylinders:

• AMERICAN WATER HEATERS (USA)
• ARISTON (Italy)
• VAILLANT (Germany)

How to choose a cylinder water heater from the many existing ones?

To select the volume of the water heater, you can focus on the average one-time consumption of hot water by one person.

• Bathroom 150 - 180 l
• Shower 50 - 90 l
• Washbasin 6 - 17 l
• Kitchen sink 20 - 30 l

Taking into account the number of family members and your individual needs for hot water, using this table you can choose the approximate volume of the required water heater.

Typically, the most popular models for use outside the city are boilers with a volume of 100 to 200 liters. In a city apartment, few people can afford to install a water heater of such a large volume, so in this case, boilers with a volume of 10 to 50 liters are often purchased, which may well brighten up the problems arising in connection with the annual summer shutdown of hot water supply.

Most companies produce boilers in both vertical and horizontal versions (the exception is Electrolux, which produces models that can be positioned both vertically and horizontally). Which type to choose depends only on the convenience of placing the water heater in your room. If you don’t care, then it’s more logical to buy a vertical one, because... Usually, if all other parameters are equal, its price is lower.

Unfortunately, it is impossible to describe all brands of water heaters in the scope of one article, but I would like to hope that you have received a sufficient volume useful information, which will help you better navigate the products presented on the Russian market.