When building a country house or dacha, the first thing to do is design a water supply and sewerage system. Especially if there are no centralized communications nearby. And in this project, an important role is played by the wastewater disposal and treatment system, for which it is necessary to select the best septic tank for the dacha from all the types offered on the modern market.
The reservoir is a reservoir in which all wastewater from all plumbing points of the house is collected and undergoes biological treatment, followed by drainage of the liquid into the soil or pumping it out using sewage disposal equipment.
In order to understand which tank to install at a particular summer cottage, it is worth conducting a thorough analysis of all types of equipment, understanding the principle of their operation and assessing the feasibility of installing one or another type of treatment system for a private sewerage system.
We analyze the types of septic tanks in our material and find out which tank is the best.
The modern plumbing industry offers consumers septic tanks, which can be classified according to several criteria. First, we will analyze the treatment systems according to the method and principle of operation, conducting a thorough analysis. There are these types of septic tanks:
- Storage tanks;
- Septic tanks operating on the principle of soil filtration;
- Tanks with a deep biopurification system.
More details about each type of equipment below.
Storage septic tank
This type of private sewer equipment provides a durable, sealed tank for storing all domestic wastewater from the site. In principle, such a container resembles a standard cesspool, with the only difference being that the storage septic tank does not have walls in the form of soil. In this case, when installing a treatment system, the tank is simply buried in the ground to the required depth.
The principle of operation of such a treatment system is that wastewater is collected in containers where natural decay of the wastewater occurs. That is, their larger and heavier particles settle to the bottom of the tank, and lighter water and fatty films rise upward.
Such a structure requires periodic cleaning using a vacuum cleaner.
Important: when analyzing, selecting and installing a storage septic tank, you should carefully select the container according to its volume and material of manufacture. In the first case, the volume should allow the unhindered accumulation of a certain amount of wastewater over a specific period so that it is not necessary to frequently call in special equipment to remove it from the tank. As for the material, it must be strong enough so that it is not crushed by the soil during operation. A thorough analysis is also recommended for this purpose.
Most often, the device of such a septic tank is used in dachas or country houses, in which people live not permanently, but for seasons.
Septic tank with soil filtration
These types of septic tanks are used in those houses where households are expected to live permanently and where the amount of wastewater will be the same constant. This type of equipment requires less frequent cleaning using special equipment.
The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are quite simple and are as follows:
- Sewage from the entire house flows through a pipeline into the first chamber of the tank, where it is separated into light water and solid heavy inclusions. The first goes through a special drainage hole into the second chamber of the septic tank, and the remaining heavy debris settles to the bottom of the first storage tank. In the second chamber, the water undergoes bacteriological purification and is then sent through a connector to the filtration fields of the third chamber, from where it freely seeps into the soil.
Important: in order for the bacteriological decomposition of wastewater in such a treatment facility to proceed faster, it is better to use special aerobic bacteria, which will not only process the wastewater, but also eliminate its unpleasant odors from the septic tank.
After analyzing septic tanks, we were able to identify the following advantages of this type of equipment:
- High speed and quality of processing of domestic waste water;
- Fairly simple tank maintenance;
- No need for frequent use of sewage disposal equipment.
Important: these types of septic tanks are prohibited from being built and operated in areas with clay soil or in areas where groundwater is located high. In this case, instead of draining into the soil, all the runoff will simply begin to wash away the area.
Septic tanks with deep biotreatment of wastewater
These types of septic tanks are widely used in almost all areas and at any facilities. The main feature of such a device is high-quality wastewater treatment to the state of water that is safe for environment. Residual organic matter can be discharged from such a treatment plant directly into the ground or even water bodies. This is evidenced by a qualitative analysis of water sampled from a septic tank of this type.
Settling tanks with a biotreatment system use complex wastewater treatment:
- Simple settling of water;
- Its bacteriological purification;
- And chemical treatment.
The operating principle and design of such a treatment plant are as follows:
- First, all household waste flows into the first chamber of the tank, where it is divided into water and larger fecal inclusions. After this, the clarified water is transported to a second chamber where aerobic or anaerobic bacteria are used.
Important: in order for aerobic bacteria to work more efficiently, a special compressor is installed in the second chamber of the septic tank, pumping oxygen.
After the organic masses acquire a structure that is simple in composition, they are transported to the third chamber, in which chemical purification of the water is carried out. Now the wastewater is ready to be discharged into the ground or reservoir.
According to the analysis of all three types of containers, this one has the following advantages:
- High quality wastewater treatment and purification;
- Possibility of using such treatment facilities on soils of any type;
- No sharp unpleasant odors from the waste tank;
- Simplicity of installation of equipment and its operation (the septic tank works independently without the need for constant control over it);
- The presence of a small amount of final sediment, which allows you to clean the tank quite rarely (once every 5-8 years).
Important: a septic tank with a deep purification system requires connection to the electricity network, which entails additional costs for utility bills. But, after comparing all three types of septic tanks, we can safely say that such expenses will more than pay off in the absence of the need to use sewage disposal equipment with enviable regularity.
Septic tanks by type of material
All treatment tanks can also be divided into categories and according to the type of material used for their manufacture. Since the use of certain types of containers is relevant for one type of soil and may be completely unsuitable for another. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze all the containers offered by the market.
So, we compare septic tanks by type of material. The reservoirs are as follows:
- Brick treatment systems;
- Concrete tanks;
- Metal tanks;
- Plastic containers.
Brick septic tank
The most standard type of treatment tank in a summer cottage or suburban area. The popularity of such containers is due to the ability to use waste building materials, which allows saving the family budget.
When building a septic tank from brick, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of its walls, since building stone can create cracks and gaps during installation. To avoid this, you can use a sealant or penetrating mastic.
Important: in addition to saving money from the family budget, such a treatment plant is quite profitable from the point of view of its construction. There is no need to use complex equipment or professional skill. You can lay one brick with your own hands.
Concrete tanks
A feature of the construction of concrete tanks is the need to dig a pit. If the septic tank is very large, you will have to use complex equipment.
Two types of treatment facilities can be built from concrete:
- Monolithic;
- Made.
In the first case, a pit is dug and reinforced concrete is poured into the installed formwork. In the second case, the septic tank is assembled from concrete rings. They are mounted one on one.
Important: for containers made of reinforced concrete rings, it is necessary to ensure the tightness of the joints.
Metal septic tanks
The rarest type of wastewater treatment tank. Analysis shows that such containers have more negative features than positive ones. And the most important of them is metal corrosion, which will one day lead to depressurization of the cleaning system.
PVC septic tanks
Comparison of septic tanks from different materials clearly speaks in favor of plastic. Such containers are made from sand-reinforced polymers using the hot extrusion method (extrusion under high pressure). The result is a strong container that can withstand large mechanical loads of compression and tension. Especially if the tanks have special stiffening ribs.
The features of such tanks are entirely positive:
- Strength and durability;
- Resistance to aggressive environments;
- Environmental friendliness of materials;
- Featuring 100% tightness of the treatment system;
- Light weight.
The last advantage can also play the role of a disadvantage. Thus, plastic containers for a septic tank run the risk of being thrown out of the ground under the influence of temperature changes and groundwater. To prevent this from happening, they (PVC tanks) are installed in special pits, followed by concreting. You can also use a special anchor system to install them.
There are also septic tanks made from any available materials. But this type of equipment is not professional and is used most often in small dachas, where the owners come periodically to harvest crops or prepare for the winter. In this case they can be used simple barrels, car tires etc.
Septic tank design
Based on the type of construction, septic tanks are divided into one-, two- and three-chamber ones. The latter are carried out if it is planned to install a treatment plant with a biological treatment system.
Two-chamber tanks are tanks for a wastewater treatment plant with a ground cleaning system. Single-chamber septic tanks are storage tanks.
By installation method
All septic tanks can be divided into vertical and horizontal according to the method of installing the cameras. So, in the first case, the containers are installed with their bottom in the ground and look like a simple barrel with hatches in the upper part. With this installation method, the treatment system goes deeper and takes up less space on the site.
If the septic tank is installed vertically like a tank, then, on the contrary, the depth will be less than the occupied area.
Important: vertical treatment structures are used where the groundwater level is high enough.
In addition, it is worth noting that septic tanks can be surface or underground. The former are also used on those soils that are washed by a large amount of groundwater located close to the surface of the earth.
Underground - installed in all other cases.
Which types of septic tanks to choose for a dacha or country house, and which options are suitable for your site, must be decided depending on the following parameters:
- The amount and volume of wastewater on the site;
- Frequency of residence or stay there;
- Features of the soil of your site.
Remember, a correctly selected and installed septic tank will effective means for cleaning and draining all domestic wastewater.
This material is subjective in nature, does not constitute advertising and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.
Many owners of private houses in our country dream of a central sewer system. Not all settlements in Russia have the opportunity to take advantage of this benefit of civilization. Therefore, before buying a house or cottage, you should take this sensitive issue seriously. Moreover, today a septic tank helps solve the problem of domestic wastewater in a private house. If previously they were ordinary pits or concrete tanks made of several circles, then at the moment there are not just plastic containers, but real miniature treatment plants. They provide comprehensive purification, allowing the output to be practically spring water. Thrifty owners use it to water their gardens. To choose the right septic tank for your home, you need to listen to the advice of experts.
Selection criteria
You should start your choice by determining the tasks that will be assigned to the septic tank. If this is a small dacha where people visit only on weekends from spring to autumn, then inexpensive compact models are suitable.
Tank volume depends both on the number of permanent residents and on the type of residence (daily or occasional). For 1-2 households, a capacity of 1-2 cubic meters is enough. m, and for a large family of 4-5 people you will have to look for septic tanks with a capacity of more than 4 cubic meters. m.
The presence of a bath in the house requires a large salvo release, when all the contents instantly go into the cleaning system. In this case, models are selected that have a receiving chamber of the appropriate volume (200-500 l).
In order to use a sewer (sludge) machine less often, you should pay attention to the offered cleaning system. In modern septic tanks, along with settling and retention of mechanical impurities, aerobic (anaerobic) bacteria are used, which effectively process organic matter. This not only reduces the total volume of deposits in the tank, but also increases the degree of purification. Some models allow you to get clean water at the output.
Our review includes the best septic tanks for home and garden. When compiling the rating, the following criteria were taken into account:
system performance;
appointment;
expert opinion;
consumer reviews.
Rating of the best septic tanks
| Nomination | place | product name | minimum price |
| The best inexpensive septic tanks for a summer residence | 1 | 23,300 RUR | |
| 2 | 22,000 ₽ | ||
| 3 | 18,000 ₽ | ||
| The best autonomous septic tanks | 1 | 19,800 RUR | |
| 2 | 67,500 ₽ | ||
| 3 | 52,000 ₽ | ||
| 4 | 21,500 ₽ | ||
| 5 | 62,000 ₽ | ||
| 6 | RUB 31,500 | ||
| The best volatile septic tanks | 1 | 74,500 ₽ | |
| 2 | 76,500 RUR |
The best inexpensive septic tanks for a summer residence
Country septic tanks are simple and affordable sewage treatment systems. They are small in size and lightweight, which allows property owners to handle the installation themselves. Self-contained units usually have a settling tank and additional filtration. They cannot boast of high performance, but they are unpretentious in operation. Experts have selected several high-quality models.
The best option for installing a sewer system at your dacha would be to purchase a ROSTOK MINI septic tank. The settling tank has the optimal combination of price and technical parameters. Therefore, experts put this model in first place in the rating. Thanks to its small volume (1 cubic meter) and low weight (65 kg), installing the container in your summer cottage will not be difficult. The septic tank is capable of summer season accept sewage that is formed as a result of the activities of 1-2 people. You will have to remove accumulated processed products no more than 1-2 times a year.
The settling tank is distinguished by a rigid body, a powerful filtration system, and autonomous operation. Users in their reviews confirm the effectiveness of the septic tank.
Advantages
lightness and strength;
reliably seals unpleasant odors;
easy operation;
reasonable price.
Flaws
- not found.
A universal and very affordable septic tank for a summer residence is the DKS-OPTIMUM(M) model. It was created for the needs of a small family (3 people), and the container can be mounted in different types soil. In this case, the groundwater level does not play a decisive role. The settling tank has a high degree of wastewater purification, which allows purified water to be discharged into the ground.
Experts highly appreciated the thoughtful design of the septic tank. Capacity 1.55 cu. m. is divided into several compartments. In them, sewage goes through several stages of purification, including aerobic. As a result, the septic tank turns 200 liters of discharge into water per day. Precipitation also accumulates in the container quite slowly. You will have to order a sludge sucker no more than once every 2-3 years.
Advantages
low price;
hassle-free installation;
effective cleaning;
durable and reliable body.
Flaws
- Doesn't block odors reliably.
To ensure comfortable accommodation for 3-4 people in a country house, a spacious septic tank Termite Profi 2.0 is perfect. The volume of the polyethylene container is more than 3.5 cubic meters. m. Considering the weight of the product (115 kg), you will have to use a truck crane for installation. Sewage goes through several stages of purification, starting with sedimentation and ending with biological filtration. Only after passing through all sections does water enter the ground.
To maintain a septic tank, you will have to pump out sediment every 1-3 years, and also wash the filter element. The settling tank earned third place in the ranking, but the high price did not allow it to rise higher.
Advantages
capacity;
no odors during operation;
high-quality cleaning.
Flaws
not suitable for areas with high groundwater;
installation difficulties.
The best autonomous septic tanks
Autonomous septic tanks are a reliable option for sewage treatment. Their operation does not require additional energy, and maintenance is carried out quite rarely. Autonomous systems do not have a high degree of purification, but they are capable of providing high throughput. Owners of country houses love them for their ease of use and affordable price. Our review includes the following autonomous septic tanks.
Autonomous septic tanks Tank are very popular among owners of private houses. The container is made of thick-walled plastic (10-17 mm); there are stiffening ribs to increase strength. Thanks to its unique shape, the septic tank can withstand soil pressure in different seasons of the year. Experts note the durability of the model (more than 50 years) and effective cleaning technology. Along with settling and subsequent biodegradation, the septic tank has an infiltrator that evenly distributes water into the soil.
The uniqueness of the design lies in the fact that it consists of separate blocks. Therefore, the user can assemble the system most suitable for his home. The compartments are connected to each other using overflow pipes. If used correctly, the container should be cleaned once every 4-5 years.
Advantages
unique prefabricated design;
durability;
effective cleaning;
durable container.
Flaws
- not found.
Experts call the Tver septic tank a local treatment facility. He took second place in the ranking due to his strong performance. Even when draining the bathtub contents, untreated wastewater will not enter the soil. The basis of the septic tank is a multi-chamber plastic container.
At the first stage, sedimentation of the sewage occurs, where most of the sparingly soluble substances are retained. In the second compartment, anaerobic processes occur, microorganisms process organic components. And at the last stage, chlorine-containing reagents are added, after which the disinfected water enters the soil. High productivity and complex multi-stage cleaning are reflected in the price, which is higher than that of the winner.
Advantages
multi-stage cleaning;
durability.
Flaws
- high price.
The Ecopan septic tank was created specifically for use on problem soils. The use of a unique two-layer design with a large number of internal partitions allowed the manufacturer to increase the strength of the container. The innovative approach did not go unnoticed by experts, who gave the septic tank third place in the rating. The stage-by-stage treatment of sewage drains also deserves high praise.
In a six-section tank, sedimentation of suspensions and aerobic processing take place organic compounds. From the last section, water is removed from the system by gravity or using a pump. It can be used to irrigate a personal plot. The septic tank perfectly resists corrosion processes, so its service life exceeds 50 years.
Advantages
use on problem soils;
multi-stage cleaning;
durability.
Flaws
- complex installation.
A good autonomous septic tank is the Triton treatment system. Experts gave it fourth place in the rating for its affordable price and high tightness. The sump tank is perfect for a country house; it will have to be cleaned no more than once every 1-2 years. The container is made of durable plastic, so there will be no problems with installing small models. Triton is not afraid of moisture and the aggressive effects of sewage. Service life reaches 50 years.
The manufacturer recommends providing an “anchor” before installing the septic tank. This can be a concrete slab or a monolithic base that can hold the container in a given horizon. The septic tank has a three-stage cleaning system.
Advantages
affordable price;
high tightness;
resistance to aggressive environments.
Flaws
- low degree of sewage treatment.
One of the most popular models in our country is the Unilos Astra septic tank. The main advantage of this model is its high degree of cleaning. This allowed the septic tank to get into our rating. The operation of the system is based on combined cleaning (mechanical and biological). She copes effectively with sewage and preserves the eco-friendly environment personal plot. At the first stage, mechanical impurities are deposited. Then aerobic technology comes into play, thanks to which organic matter is processed.
Experts also note the reliability of the plastic container. It is resistant to both mechanical stress and aggressive environments. Only the high price somewhat chills potential buyers.
Advantages
high degree of purification (98%);
durable container;
good performance.
Flaws
- high price.
A non-volatile local cleaning system is the Termite Transformer septic tank. It is intended for both occasional and permanent residence. The model is distinguished by its affordable price and simplicity of design. This allowed the sump to be included in our rating. You can install the septic tank in position yourself if you follow the manufacturer’s recommendations. In case of permanent residence, the container must be insulated.
The degree of wastewater treatment is limited to 85%, which does not allow the system to rise to the prize podium. Purified water is removed from the septic tank by gravity. It is possible to transform the settling tank into a full-fledged biological treatment station.
Advantages
affordable price;
simple design;
possibility of self-installation.
Flaws
- low cleaning rate.
The best volatile septic tanks
When a high degree of sewage treatment is required, owners of country houses should take a closer look at energy-dependent septic tanks. These systems are among the safest and most environmentally friendly options. They use multi-stage filtration using aerobic bacteria. Pumps and compressors are required to move the liquid through the filters. Clean water is also removed from the container automatically. Experts attribute high price and lower reliability to the disadvantages of volatile systems. Several septic tanks have attracted the attention of our experts.
An economical solution to the problem of sewage waste in a private home will be the installation of a volatile Topas septic tank. The main players in the purification system are microorganisms. Thanks to them, it is possible to rid water of impurities by 98%. Experts gave the septic tank the palm not only for high-quality cleaning, but also for economical energy consumption compared to competitors. The presence of special filters in the septic tank allows you to forget about human intervention and unpleasant odors.
The container is made of especially durable polypropylene, reinforced with stiffeners. The entire internal space is divided into several sections. Large inclusions are deposited in one chamber, aerobic bacteria work in another compartment, the third sector is responsible for sedimentation, and sludge is stored in the last zone.
Advantages
effective cleaning system;
low power consumption;
durable body;
easy operation.
Flaws
- not found.
A worthy competitor to the leader of the rating was the Eco-Grand (Topol) septic tank. It is designed for large cottages and country houses. Experts note the good performance of the treatment system. There are 4 compartments inside the polypropylene container. The receiving chamber is capable of accommodating a serious salvo release of 450 liters. The next two sections contain aerobic bacteria that process organic matter. In a separate chamber there is a pump, which is responsible for pumping waste water.
The Eco-Grand (Topol) septic tank loses to the winner in electricity consumption (2.8 kW per day), which increases the owners’ costs for operating the treatment plant. According to user reviews, there are no particular problems with the installation or maintenance of a volatile septic tank.
Advantages
spacious receiver;
high performance;
high-quality cleaning.
Flaws
high price;
increased energy costs.
Attention! This rating is subjective in nature, is not an advertisement and does not serve as a purchase guide. Before purchasing, consultation with a specialist is required.
rating of septic tanks for a country house 2018 (TOP -10)
And now the moment has come when the terrain of the site has been planned, the dream house is built from reliable material, there are only a couple of points left to be completed related to convenience and nature... A private country house/dacha for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence - without a connection to the central sewerage system requires proper and competent solution to this issue. Namely, the choice of an autonomous sewerage system or septic tank, which will purify wastewater and preserve the environment. Therefore, the only solution is to install a septic tank, which decomposes sewage and fecal matter into almost clean water and harmless sludge. Is it better to choose a waste tank or a septic tank for a country house? But which one is the most best septic tank or los? Which is right for me for temporary or (all-season) permanent residence? What does the rating of volatile or non-volatile septic tanks look like? This is probably one of the most difficult issues when building a house. We strive to always get the best in our lives, as this guarantees us peace of mind and reliability. Everyone asked this question when building their dream home, choosing a plot or materials, which of those offered on the market is the most reliable and of the highest quality. I would like to compare to understand the rating. Choose the best septic tank for yourself. Understand which high-quality septic tank has a great guarantee.
History of the septic tank
Long gone are the days when everyone in a private home had a “birdhouse” on the street. The modern standard of comfortable life, even in a country house, presupposes the presence of a normal toilet and, at a minimum, a shower. And in a house there is often more than one bathroom, and in addition there are many household appliances. To ensure the required level of comfort, sewerage for a private home must be done correctly and its basis is the choice of method for processing wastewater. Since correct selection and subsequent drainage of wastewater will ensure a comfortable stay on the site.
Article about the best /
What will we get from this article? — MAXIMUM for choosing a septic tank/septic tank. We will also pay attention to definitions, operating principles of various treatment plants, and the most popular and effective models. Let's determine how to choose the best septic tank for your home or cottage. And what characteristics should be taken into account when choosing the best septic tank or VOC for a country house. It is important not to make a mistake in choosing for yourself best solution for sewerage.
Variations of the best septic tank or in 2018
Today is already 2018 and in our modern world it is very a lot of competition and it is very difficult for any consumer to do right choice in favor of reliability, quality and peace of mind. Plunging completely into this very interesting topic, you understand how many there are, variations, materials, pros and cons. Septic tanks, VOCs and storage tanks - will we fully define which is which? Since many people confuse the name septic tank with autonomous sewerage system.
For temporary residence
For permanent residence
DESCRIPTION: Storage tank, or .
We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the general definition of what systems there are and what they are intended for. Below is a block of information to understand the principle and operation of wastewater treatment and storage systems. Therefore, the best septic tank for your home and dacha will be your own. We will start with the simplest thing - definitions and explanations of what is what.
A storage tank is a reservoir, from the word (French réserve from the Latin reservare - to preserve), intended for the accumulation of household wastewater from the sewer. The main purpose is the accumulation and storage of sewage, household waste, etc. The purpose of the storage tank, in the case of wastewater collection, is to exclude direct emissions into the environment (ditch, soil, water). Given technological solution allows you to preserve the ecological environment on your and neighboring sites. The storage tank does not process or purify wastewater from the sewer system.
- The wastewater comes into a storage tank, from where it is periodically pumped out by a sewage disposal machine.
A septic tank is a complex structure consisting of a reservoir and a system of perforated drainage pipes, designed for treating household wastewater from sewers. As mentioned earlier, this structure consists of two parts:
- The first part of the septic tank is a reservoir, or receiving chamber, into which wastewater from the house flows.
- The second part of the septic tank is a structure (field filtration or soil treatment) made of perforated pipes laid on a layer of crushed stone.
The first part of the septic tank, or the receiving chamber, can be made of a variety of materials, but we will talk about this in the next article. He will also tell you about all the pros and cons of these solutions with a septic tank.
VOC is a local treatment facility designed for mechanical and biological treatment of household wastewater from sewers. This building is a multi-chamber closed system, in which all steps and cycles of wastewater treatment occur. The entire range of measures in the VOC allows for complete and reliable purification with a degree of 98%, which allows the treated wastewater from the VOC to be reused. It can be washed, used for watering plants, washing a car, or simply thrown into a ditch, storage tank or absorption well. True, it meets these criteria only after the installation reaches operating mode (when the colony of bacteria has multiplied in sufficient quantities). This may take up to 2-3 weeks.
Because everyone has different situations and conditions on the site, first you need to know the following:
- GWL—groundwater level. The GWL is the first underground aquifer from the surface of the earth. It lies above the first waterproof layer, which does not allow water to pass through and does not allow it to seep deeper). But it is also worth considering that ground water level is a constant phenomenon. First of all, it depends on the time of year. For example, in the spring the snow melts, during which the groundwater level increases, while in the winter it decreases.
- Availability of water protection facilities/zones - a limited regime for carrying out any activity is established on them. Which are aimed at preventing pollution and clogging.
- The area for a septic tank/wastewater is the size of the area that you are willing to give up for organizing wastewater treatment.
IMPORTANT: Bacteria for cleaning wastewater in and
Why are they and why are we writing about them? Bacteria - bacteria are everywhere, but even here you can’t do without them. Let's look in detail at what and how bacteria are formed in a septic tank or VOC for (all-season) permanent residence. It is important to understand not only the external structure, but also the internal processes. Proper operation and conditions for bacteria will ensure reliable operation of the VOC and septic tank for permanent residence. They play the most important role in the purification stages. Let's get to know them better...
Anaerobic bacteria for and
The waste enters the septic tank, where a reaction of decomposition and the formation of bacteria occurs. They form and require a minimum concentration of air or an oxygen-free environment. It is recommended to choose septic tanks that are sealed and durable. It is advisable to look at the warranty and production method. The cleaning process using these bacteria is quite slow. It is also called anaerobic treatment or simply wastewater clarification.
As a result, after anaerobic treatment, wastewater is not allowed to be discharged into the ground or ditch, since it is not sufficiently purified and is not process water. To dispose of it, a storage tank is used, and in case of additional cleaning, aeration fields are used/arranged.
Aerobic bacteria for
They are formed in the aeration tank chamber. This is a special tank or structure located after the preliminary settling tank in which anaerobic bacteria are formed. Pre-treated wastewater with activated sludge flows or is pumped into the aeration tank chamber, where deep biological treatment occurs. This process occurs due to the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen. For the life and reproduction of aerobic bacteria, a favorable environment is needed - oxygen-enriched water. This process consists of separating natural waste into its components. This type of bacteria is the most effective because it quickly affects biological substances.
- For normal functioning, activated sludge organisms require small amounts of dissolved oxygen. The critical concentration is considered to be 0.2 mg/dm³, and 0.5 mg/dm³ of dissolved oxygen is considered quite satisfactory.
- The maximum percentage of purification for anaerobic bacteria is 60%.
- The maximum percentage of purification with aerobic bacteria is 98%.
OPERATING PRINCIPLE or how it works: , or .
Since the process and principle of operation of the storage tank is already clear, let's take a closer look at how processes and work occur in a septic tank and/or. The wastewater flows through a pipeline or sewer into a septic tank or. The operating principles of all cleaning systems consist of several stages. The partial stage cannot provide the required quality of treatment and is not recommended by law and regulations for disposal into the ground. First of all, let's look at the information about the septic tank...
The septic tank is a “beta” version of the local treatment plant. To begin with, how does the cleaning process take place in a septic tank?
- After the wastewater enters the septic tank (reservoir), primary settling occurs with a minimum amount of oxygen. This stage is necessary to carry out preliminary wastewater treatment. First of all, sedimentation, fermentation and proliferation of anaerobic bacteria occur. As a result of the first stage, heavy fractions settle to the bottom, fat floats up and the effluent is clarified. After preliminary settling and all bioligical processes, the degree of purification is 60%.
- After the first stage, the degree of purification is not sufficient to allow wastewater to be safely discharged into the ground. It is not technical and does not comply with standards and regulations. The water needs additional purification; for this it is necessary to release the settled wastewater to soil additional treatment (field filtration). At this stage, wastewater has the opportunity to form aerobic bacteria, passing through the soil and being cleaned of possible impurities. This event provides cleaning with a degree of 90%.
These cycles consist of several cleaning stages, which is why the container consists of several parts/compartments. Sewage effluent ends up in VOCs, which are mainly composed of 3 parts.
- The first compartment or preliminary settling tank. It uses a mechanical/anaerobic cleaning method. Bacteria arise as a result of sedimentation and fermentation of wastewater in a septic tank and autonomous sewer system. The same is true for the first stage in a septic tank. The flow of wastewater into the second compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
- Second compartment or aeration tank. It uses a biological/aerobic cleaning method. Aerobic bacteria arise and continue their vital activity as a result of the forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen, resulting in the biological decomposition of organic matter. Pumps or compressors are used to produce beneficial microorganisms. The flow of waste into the third compartment occurs through an airlift system or by gravity.
- The third compartment or secondary settling tank. Here the last stage of purification occurs - the remaining organic matter turns into sludge and settles to the bottom. Process water comes out of the secondary chamber with a degree of purification of 98%. This water suitable for watering the garden or discharging into the river. Some septic tanks consist of only two chambers, so the degree of wastewater treatment in them is lower.
- Septic tank - purification degree 90%
- VOC - purity 98%
TO WHOM WHAT? how to choose OR OR
Let's take a closer look at the technical features and intended use for consumers. Most likely, after reading this block you will understand exactly what you need for temporary residence and what for (all-season) permanent residence. And the most important thing is that you will choose the best septic tank for your dacha and home, and maybe even a VOC.
The storage capacity is ideal option for a small country house inhabited by 2-3 people, and not in all cases, since they do not recycle wastewater. First of all, this option is suitable for those who plan to live in a house or cottage seasonally: 2-3 months a year (summer). This option is the simplest of all sewerage drainage solutions. Considering the direct purpose of the storage tank, you need to select the most optimal tank volume.
Service
There is only one service for storage tanks and it is quite simple. To carry it out, you need to call a sewage treatment machine and pump out the wastewater from the storage tank when it is completely filled.
First of all, a septic tank for a home with field filtration is used on well-permeable soil. It does not require electricity and is popular for temporary and seasonal accommodation. If everything is properly organized and taken into account, it is an ideal option for country houses(all-season) permanent residence. Of course, if it is possible to organize and install a septic tank with soil treatment (filtration field) taking into account laws and regulations. And also the low groundwater level is the main factor in the choice of existing options for the disposal of treated wastewater. Minimum groundwater level (min. 1.5 m from drainage pipes).
Filter field
The main visual differences between a storage tank and a septic tank are the additional construction of the second stage of cleaning.
The filtration field is an underground system drainpipes, located on a layer of gravel on which wastewater treatment occurs. The receiver of treated wastewater is the soil. In case of high groundwater level, it is necessary to install pumping station and place the entire treatment structure higher and install it in the embankment.
At the moment it is an ideal, practical and correct solution for a home, cottage or cottage for permanent and temporary residence. First of all, installing a deep biological treatment station requires quite a bit of space compared to a septic tank or storage tank. All biological treatment processes take place in one tank; there is no need to organize filtration fields or other technical solutions. All you need to do is discharge the treated wastewater into the ground, ditch or water body.
Degree of purification
VOC is a modern wastewater treatment facility with a high degree of purification of 98%. Thanks to all the processes and new technologies, MBBR can be used and is suitable for any area - size and conditions. It is clear that there are situations when it is impossible to organize the release of treated wastewater. Then the filter fields in the bulk are applied. But these are unique cases that make it possible to organize the absorption of treated wastewater into the soil.
Facilities
Manufacturers immediately indicate the number of users in order to perfectly select the los for your needs. But it is necessary to correctly understand the processes inside the station, since some deep biological treatment stations require a constant supply of wastewater. Therefore, everything in the Delfin VOC is implemented by gravity.
For permanent or temporary residence - DIFFERENCES: , or .
All systems are designed to treat wastewater after a home or cottage, but it is necessary to understand not only positive side, but also negative in order to make the right decision. Below is a table that contains reviews, facts and technical features of using this or that cleaning system. A septic tank for permanent residence, according to its parameters, must fully cope with the expected volumes of runoff, so when purchasing, you must take into account how many people will live in the household. It is also worth noting that for temporary accommodation it is worth paying attention to inexpensive stations that require minimal financial expenses. When it comes to a septic tank for permanent use, we recommend taking a deep cleaning station.
| Concrete septic tank/storage tank | Plastic | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Frame | |||
| Possibility of self-production | You can do it yourself | Factory version only | Factory version only. |
| Equipment tightness | When made independently, it is difficult to seal, especially when the groundwater level is high. | The housing is sealed and requires anchoring or special devices. Simple design, ensures stable operation of the preliminary cleaning stage. Durable. Environmental safety. | Sealed housing, does not float (always full). All equipment is manufactured at the factory, so reliability will be higher than that of a self-made design. Durable. Environmental safety. |
| Wastewater treatment | |||
| Wastewater treatment options | No | Filtration well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrators. Limited service life of the filtration field. Fragility and high risk of contamination of soil and groundwater - especially important for cesspools and concrete wells | Autonomous sewage system is small in size. It can be placed on absolutely any site and in any conditions. Filter well, sand and gravel filter, infiltrator, drainage ditch. |
| Degree of wastewater treatment | Degree of purification - 60%. | Degree of purification - 90%. Unpleasant smell coming from the storage septic tank, overflow well or filter fields. Penetration of sewage (fecal water) into groundwater, and then often it ends up in water intake wells. The need to use special bacteria for maximum environmental friendliness. | High degree of purification - 98%. Thanks to all treatment technologies, a high degree of purification is achieved, which allows water to be discharged into a ditch or drainage (process water, reuse). |
| Electricity addiction | No | Energy independence. There are no compressors or pumps in the septic tank design. No electrical connection required. But a permanent stay is required. Necessary for all cleaning processes to take place. Without wastewater, wastewater rotting occurs, which entails unscheduled maintenance of the station. | Energy dependence. This factor is not a disadvantage for all autonomous sewers. Depending on the principle and operating modes of the station, energy dependence can play a key role on the operating cost of the entire station. Since the automation and compressors with pumps operate constantly, the station quickly consumes its service life and the reliability of the station’s components. |
| Requirement for regular “replenishment” | Doesn't matter | Doesn't matter. Bacteria living in a septic tank do not need daily feeding. | Reacts poorly to uneven flows of wastewater; it is better to use for permanent residence |
| Salvo release | Handles large volumes perfectly | It copes well with large volumes. If the volume is correctly calculated, the septic tank is not afraid of increased volley discharge of wastewater. | Handles only a certain amount of waste |
| High groundwater level (GWL) | To ensure pumping of settled wastewater, it is necessary to use a pumping station, which will affect the final cost of the entire station and will become comparable to an autonomous sewerage system. | Can be used when groundwater levels are high. Organization of CNS or additional modifications. | |
| OPERATION and SERVICE | |||
| Service | Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Service as the tank is filled. Limited storage capacity. Constant monitoring of wastewater levels. | Regular pumping with a sewage disposal machine (1-3 times a year). Convenient for houses with non-permanent residence. Minimum maintenance and operating costs. Regular calling of sewage trucks (necessary even for TANK-type septic tanks that require constant filling of anaerobic bacteria) for pumping out unprocessed wastewater | Minimum service costs. Periodic maintenance by specialists. Many manufacturers strive to reduce the cost of their products that require systematic intervention. service department manufacturer's company. Compressor technical service. Convenient and simple operation, without constant attention. |
| Smell | Unpleasant odors during service. An excellent breeding ground for bacteria and viruses that are dangerous to health. | Siltation filtration field. Depending on the use and correct design and installation of the entire station system, the need to reinstall the filtration field arises on average after 10-15 years, which entails additional costs. | No smell. All gases exit through ventilation. |
| INSTALLATION | |||
| Earthworks. | Simple installation under the container. | Area by Field Filtration. Complexity of installation and quite a large amount of excavation work. Since soil purification is required, it is necessary to have additional free area for field filtration. The installation of primitive septic tanks is cumbersome and not possible everywhere, and the need to provide access for a sewage disposal truck. | Easy installation. For autonomous sewerage, it is not necessary to organize field filtration (soil post-treatment), which entails an additional volume of excavation work (without restrictions on area and geological conditions). |
RATING: Description of top IMPORTED (Finnish, Polish) and domestic Russian / for permanent residence
This article will provide a general comparison of existing autonomous sewers/VOCs in the Russian Federation. We will try to highlight the most popular autonomous sewers produced in Russia or Europe. Despite the fact that there are many different septic tanks on the market currently, not all of them are of high quality and reliable. When choosing, you also need to take into account not only the characteristics, but also the manufacturer. When comparing home septic tanks with each other, it is impossible to say definitely which one is the best, since each type has its own advantages and disadvantages. But in general you can...
Since there are currently many types of septic tanks on the construction market, which differ not only in types, technical characteristics, but also in prices, it is quite difficult to choose them. Therefore, it is worth clearly analyzing all the nuances and choosing it according to technical characteristics, quality of the cleaning device and parameters, as well as depending on its manufacturer.
Delfin
Since 1993, one of the most popular European manufacturers of professional equipment for the treatment of any wastewater. Co-production with the most large company in Europe for the production of local treatment facilities - SEBICO.
TOPOL ECO
Topas is one of the most recognizable stations in Russia. Production c. It has been produced for a long time and has its own history. Topas is a sealed system for biological treatment of wastewater from the sewer system.
Alta Bio
The Russian manufacturer offers an integrated approach to water treatment. For more than 10 years, it has occupied a leading position in the market.
Tver
The stations are produced relatively recently compared to everyone else. But they have good reviews and design features from their analogues.
UPONOR
Finnish septic tanks and autonomous sewers. Known for their quality and competent design. Like all European septic tanks, they are made to be minimally included in the service of their clients.
UNILOS ASTRA
SBM-Group is the largest Russian manufacturer of UNILOS ® autonomous sewage systems for various types of facilities.
EUROBION
In 2005, the National Ecological Project group of companies was created. Production in Russia of VOCs under the EUROBION and YUBAS trademarks.
TANK
Appearance of VOC and Septic tank
Appearance sometimes even in this version it can suggest a lot. How the station will feel depends on the ground conditions.
VOC PRO from Delfin
LOS TOPAS from TOPOL ECO
VOC from Alta Bio
VOC Tver
UPONOR
LOS UNILOS ASTRA
VOC EUROBION
TANK
Operating principle
PROCESS of reliable autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO6
Premium class means no interruptions, no rotting of drains and no unscheduled maintenance
1st Camera
Pre-settler
Processes: Accumulation of wastewater, preliminary treatment and sedimentation of wastewater (sedimentation of the heavy fraction).
2nd Camera
Aerotank + MBBR Technology
Processes: Active wastewater treatment in the water column aerobic bacteria through forced aeration.
3rd chamber
Secondary settling tank
Processes: Secondary settling of treated wastewater before discharge from the station.
The process of deep biological purification in autonomous sewage system DELFIN PRO /VOC occurs by gravity through all 3 chambers (preliminary settling tank, aeration tank, secondary settling tank) without stopping recirculation. This ensures reliable operation in case of power outage VOC. European Reliable Autonomous sewage system PRO continues to work on the principle of a three-chamber septic tank.
- VOC No flooding
- Stable operation of drains
- No unscheduled maintenance
Topas and Operating principle
is a treatment station built according to a four-chamber design. The transition of purified water from one chamber to another occurs not by gravity, but by airlift, so the operation of the entire system depends on electricity. Stopping the power supply blocks the operation of the septic tank, which is a very significant disadvantage that outweighs the very deep treatment of wastewater (almost 98%). The compressor ensures the operation of the septic tank, so the installation requires a connection to the power supply. Therefore, it is worth planning the installation of such a septic tank only where the electricity supply is stable. If the compressor stops, the station will not be able to function.
Reception chamber
Wastewater enters the receiving chamber. Unlike “classical installations” in Topas, the receiving chamber is equipped with an aerator to mix the drain and saturate it with air oxygen. Aeration in the receiving chamber is turned on when the flow level in it decreases to the operating minimum. Thanks to this, instead of sediment settling and rotting, the flow in the receiving chamber is averaged in composition, and purification processes begin - the decomposition of molecules of organic compounds occurs under the action of enzymes secreted by bacteria. Coarse particle filter Small particles of contaminants mixed in the drain and passed through a filter with cells with a diameter of 10 mm enter the main pump. Large particles of dirt and debris remain in the receiving chamber. The main pump is an airlift, in which the air supplied by the compressor (9) lifts waste water through a pipe and pumps it into the aeration tank reactor. Pumping occurs evenly with low productivity and, unlike other types of pumps, without large expenditures of electricity and voltage surges caused by starting the pump. Float switch To switch operating modes of Topas, a float switch is installed in the receiving chamber. In the first phase, when the receiving chamber is filled with wastewater, the float rises and the first compressor turns on. It supplies compressed air to:
When the drain level in the receiving chamber drops to the operating minimum, the float is lowered and the second compressor is turned on. The air supply switches to:
- aeration of the receiving chamber,
- airlift for pumping sludge from an aeration tank to a settling tank-stabilizer,
- airlift for removing grease film in the secondary settling tank,
- aeration in the secondary settling tank.
Aerotank reactor
The chamber in which the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge microorganisms. Thanks to aeration, the runoff is maintained in suspension and saturated with air oxygen. During the settling phase, the sludge begins to settle to the bottom and the sludge particles combine into flakes. Due to a decrease in the amount of oxygen in the drain, bacteria begin to use dissolved nitrogen compounds - nitrates - for respiration, reducing them to nitrites and then to molecular nitrogen. Denitrification occurs - the removal of nitrates and nitrites.
Secondary settling tank
A chamber in the shape of a truncated inverted pyramid and located in an aeration tank-reactor. Sludge settles in the settling tank and returns to the aeration tank through an opening at the bottom. Additionally, the mixture of water and sludge is supplied from the aeration tank-reactor to the secondary settling tank from above, using a recirculation airlift (6). This accelerates the process of sedimentation of sludge and clarification of water. A film of light fractions (fats, oils) is agitated by a bubbler in the upper layer of water and removed to the aeration tank by an airlift built into the pyramid. Treated wastewater is discharged outside by gravity through an outlet in the installation body or collected in a forced discharge tank with a pump installed in it. Most quickly, dying sludge settles to the bottom of the aeration tank-reactor, which, during the settling phase in the aeration tank, is pumped using an airlift (8) into the sludge stabilizer settling tank (D). This is the smallest chamber in which sludge accumulates and mineralizes. Through the existing hole in the upper part, clarified sludge water flows back into the receiving chamber, thus closing the internal circulation process. A standard airlift pump is installed in the settling tank-stabilizer for pumping out sludge. This pump is turned off and the air supplied to it stirs up the sludge mass, preventing it from settling and compacting at the bottom. As part of self-service, a standard pump is used to pump out sludge; to avoid compaction of sludge in the stabilizer, pumping must be done once a quarter. You can pump out sludge 1-2 times a year (as part of maintenance) with a drainage (sewage) pump for contaminated water.
The principle of operation of the autonomous sewage system Alta Bio
At the heart of every autonomous sewage system for a summer residence is a septic tank, which is designed to purify water from harmful impurities. This is where most organic waste breaks down. Today there is a large number of different autonomous sewers. The Alta Group company offers a more advanced design, which is a system for completely purifying water from waste.
Two stages of water purification in the Alta Bio autonomous sewage system:
The first stage of wastewater treatment involves sedimentation of suspended particles in a three-chamber settling tank. The settling tank (lower part of the Station) consists of 3 separate sections with overflows through which wastewater flows domestic sewerage. The overflows are located in such a way that wastewater flows at the lowest speed, due to which coarse suspended particles settle to the bottom in each chamber. The volume of the first section is 50%, and the second and third are 25% each of the total volume of the sump. The total volume of the settling tank is designed for two-day wastewater treatment.
Second stage of wastewater treatment
Additional purification in a biofilter. From the third chamber of the settling tank, clarified wastewater is pumped using a drainage pump controlled by an electronic unit to the upper part of the station and is evenly sprayed through a rotating sprayer over the entire area of the bioload (biofilter). The filter is a habitat for microorganisms. At the moment of spraying, the wastewater is saturated with oxygen and filtered through the loading material.
Autonomous sewage system for a private house Alta Bio uses electricity in its work. However, even if it is turned off, the station will continue to operate as normal, but as a regular septic tank. And when the power supply is restored, the station will return to operating mode.
Brief description and scope of application of the Alta Bio septic tank
The treatment plant in question is intended for use in private homes or public places with a small number of visitors. It can be used for arranging sewer systems in dachas, cottages or other types of country buildings. Septic tanks are often installed in country cafes, restaurants or snack bars.
Design and principle of operation of a septic tank Tver
The container is delimited by internal partitions, which form the following chambers:
- septic This is where the wastewater gets first and foremost, and this is where the main processes of settling insoluble suspensions take place. Over time, some of them enter the soluble phase and are sent to the next stage of purification;
- anaerobic bioreactor. The next chamber along the wastewater route is the aeration tank. An aerator is installed at the bottom of the aeration tank, through which air is supplied from a compressor installed in the house through a pipeline. Fired expanded clay is poured onto the aerator, which does not float up. A biofilm of microorganisms is formed on the expanded clay loading, which, together with activated sludge, absorb and oxidize pollution. In this chamber, the components of the wastewater are mechanically destroyed as they pass through the structural elements of the chamber (brushes) and are partially hydrolyzed due to the activity of anaerobic microorganisms (yeast) - this is where the process takes place waste fermentation;
- aeration tank This chamber contains an aerator, thanks to which the wastewater is saturated with oxygen. This, in turn, contributes to the intensification of the reproduction of aerobic microorganisms, which are always found in domestic wastewater as natural microflora. Oxygenated the liquid is sent for further processing;
- settling tank Before entering the aerobic bioreactor, the wastewater passes through a settling chamber, which retains heavy suspended matter, which has a beneficial effect on subsequent processes of biological decomposition of organic matter;
- aerobic bioreactor. Two processes simultaneously occur in this chamber: aerobic microbes actively multiply and absorb organic inclusions that make up the wastewater, and the limestone located at the bottom of the section gradually dissolves in water and binds with phosphorus and nitrogen compounds, which are highly toxic. In the aerobic bioreactor, just like in the second chamber, a brush load is located. A layer of biofilm on the load collects and oxidizes organic contaminants remaining after deep cleaning. At the bottom of the bioreactor there is a layer of dolomite crushed stone, which gradually dissolves in wastewater, which helps remove phosphates from it due to their binding with calcium and magnesium ions. The final chamber is a tertiary settling tank, where dead biofilm is retained, then the wastewater is discharged by gravity to the discharge point.
- settling tank-stabilizer. In this chamber, the liquid is further clarified by the natural sedimentation of heavier inclusions, and only after this, 95-98% purified water leaves the Tver septic tank. Additionally, this chamber contains floats with chlorine-containing reagents, which are responsible for water disinfection.
The septic tank is light in weight and has fairly thin walls; this cannot be considered a plus or minus. These factors make installation easy, and the thin walls are made of high-quality polypropylene. Under the influence of heavy loads, they may bend, but will not collapse.
FINNISH SEPTIC TANK Uponor
WehoPuts on-site treatment plants are biochemical type treatment plants for use throughout the year as a wastewater treatment system.
Local treatment plant for a country house or cottage WehoPuts 5 and WehoPuts 10 are designed for treating wastewater from one household. The model number indicates the number of people living. For the calculation, a daily water consumption of at least 150 liters per person is used. Both systems are designed for year-round use.
The line of Finnish local treatment facilities (septic tanks) Uponor Bio is represented by products for complete biochemical treatment of household wastewater. Those. After passing through such installations, the liquid can be drained without subsequent soil cleaning. The stations are volatile, and their normal functioning requires the use of special floating (precipitating) additives. The operating principle of such stations is as follows:
- The wastewater flows by gravity into the receiving chamber (settlement tank), where the bulk of light and heavy inclusions are retained. There are several settling tanks, which allows you to get rid of obvious contaminants as completely as possible;
- Next, the wastewater enters a technological tank equipped with an aerator, in which the potential of activated sludge is activated (microbiological processes actively occur). Part of the sludge is periodically pumped into the receiving chamber;
- at the next stage, a special reagent is dosed into the wastewater in portions, which promotes the precipitation of fine suspended matter. It is also responsible for binding phosphorus compounds;
- after the entire cleaning cycle, the liquid can be discharged into the ground
Advantages of this system: wastewater is processed in portions, which allows achieving the same quality of cleaning; containers are strong and durable; The products are accompanied by all necessary documents and are easy to use. The disadvantages can be considered the overpriced cost of Onor Bio septic tanks (compare, at least, with the cost of Tver or Topas septic tanks), the need to use additional reagents.
VOC Uponor BioClean is one of innovative solutions from a Finnish manufacturer: compact, durable, easy to use, both in private homes and in summer cottages. Meets all sanitary requirements. It consists of a solid container in which the following processes take place:
- preliminary processes of rough wastewater treatment take place in the settling tank;
- in the next reservoir, the wastewater is aerated, the inclusions are actively processed by aerobic microbes;
- then a flotation reagent is added to the wastewater (the process is the same as in Uponor Bio);
- excess activated sludge is pumped into the receiving chamber;
- treated wastewater is pumped into a well for sampling
Astra Unilos. This is a well-known treatment station for cleaning the sewage system of a cottage, private house or a whole group of houses. Considering the relatively high cost of this model, consumers often save money on purchasing one powerful unit, which is installed for several families. Advantages: reliable operation, high cleaning efficiency. Disadvantages include: relatively slow operation, high price. The septic tank body is divided into four sections: a receiving compartment, an aeration tank, a settling section and a system for discharging purified water into the external environment. The septic tank comes with pumps and ventilation systems that are required to move water from one section to another and to aerate the wastewater.
Receiving chamber or surge tank
Untreated wastewater through the sewer line (1,2) enters the receiving chamber (A) of the installation, where it is prepared - crushed and partially oxidized due to aeration - forced saturation of wastewater with oxygen from the air that occurs during operation installed in a special compartment (I) air compressor. Then, the evenly mixed wastewater is pumped through the coarse fraction filter, which prevents large mechanical and non-degradable contaminants from passing further, and is pumped into the aeration tank chamber (B) by the main pump.
Aerotank
It should be noted that all pumps that pump between chambers in Unilos are made according to the airlift (or mamut pump) principle, where pumping occurs by supplying air into a tube lowered into the pumped liquid. In the aeration tank, the main wastewater treatment occurs with activated sludge - biomass dissolved in water consisting of different types microorganisms that, in the process of vital activity, decompose the substances that make up wastewater. The condition for the formation of activated sludge is the process of aeration in the aeration tank chamber, which occurs in the direct (first) phase of operation.
Secondary settling tank
After the aeration tank, the mixture of purified wastewater and activated sludge enters the next chamber - the secondary settling tank (C), where the sludge settles to the bottom under the influence of gravity, and clarified purified wastewater, which is technically pure water, exits the station (3). A grease film trap (grease trap) is installed between the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank, which removes possible fat accumulations from the secondary settling tank back to the aeration tank for further processing.
Sludge stabilizer
The sludge that has settled to the common bottom of the chambers of the aeration tank and the secondary settling tank is pumped into the sludge stabilizer (D), where it also settles to the bottom, gradually accumulating until removed. To maintain a high degree of purification, a level sensor (float switch) is installed in the receiving chamber, which regulates the switching of aeration modes in the aeration tank and the receiving chamber depending on the level of wastewater in the latter.
How Eurobion works
The operation of the Eurobion station is based on the biochemical method of wastewater treatment, which consists in the ability of microorganisms, in the presence or temporary absence of dissolved oxygen, to use waste pollutants as food. Below is a technological diagram of the operation of the Eurobion deep biological treatment station.
Receiving aeration tank
The wastewater flows through the supply sewer pipe (1) into the receiving aeration tank (2) in which, with the help of the aeration element “POLIATR” (3) and the operation of the compressor (19), the process of saturating the wastewater with air oxygen occurs - aeration. In the presence of dissolved oxygen, wastewater is mixed with activated sludge - a biomass of microorganisms that process contaminants.
Primary aerobic settling tank
Partially treated wastewater passes through two holes in the intermediate bottom (4) and enters the upper zone of the primary aerobic settling tank (5). This zone is characterized by a high concentration of activated sludge and a minimum level of dissolved oxygen. Under these conditions, the process of denitrification, which is the destruction of nitric acid salts (nitrates) to molecular nitrogen, occurs intensively. Further, as the wastewater moves downward, it enters the aerobic sediment zone, where the processes of self-oxidation and decomposition of difficult-to-process contaminants take place. Part of the activated sludge through the overflow (6) enters the lower part of the secondary settling tank (10).
Secondary settling tank
The sludge settles to the bottom of the secondary settling tank and is returned to the aeration zone by the recirculation pump (9), i.e. to the beginning of the technological chain. The process is repeated until the effect of deep biological cleaning is achieved. The biofilm that is formed during the cleaning process in the secondary settling tank enters the biofilm degasser (14) and, under the action of bubbling, is destroyed in the vertical pipe of the degasser (11). The clarified wastewater enters a tertiary settling tank installed directly in front of the AEROSLIV (12) outlet dispenser, the task of which is to regulate the flow rate of purified wastewater to the outlet of the installation. Treated wastewater to the level of technically pure water is discharged by gravity through a pipe (13) outside the installation, or enters a storage tank and is pumped out from there by a drainage pump, in case of compulsory execution of the station.
AU BIOTANK
This series has proven itself as absolutely unpretentious in use and practically maintenance-free station for deep biological wastewater treatment. Does not require additional purification in the ground. The advantages of this system: no additional treatment fields, no complex electronics, no operational problems, quick access to the operating mode, not afraid of temporary power outages, the output is clean, odorless water.
The most modern deep biological treatment station BIOTANK, developed by Triton Plastic, is available in four modifications.
Firstly, the division of septic tanks is based on the shape of the body, vertical And horizontal. The vertical BIOTANK is designed for installation in small areas, because it requires a narrow but deep pit. Accordingly, a horizontal BIOTANK, consisting of universal buildings, which allows you to build a septic tank for any volume and capacity, is installed where there is no limitation on the area of the pit.
Modifications are also provided for each of the two buildings with gravity water release, as well as with forced reset on the terrain using a pump. These series are marked as - MYSELF And PR.
Modern polymer material is used to make the case. Inside, a polypropylene insert made by injection is used to divide the container into compartments. The tasks of each of the compartments: The first, as in other septic tanks, serves as a receiver and settling tank for separating undissolved impurities. The second compartment is equipped with an aerobic type nitrifier, which has a floating load covered with biofilm. The main cleaning process takes place in this compartment, that is, the processes of oxidation of organic inclusions and ammonia nitrogen. To ensure flow chemical reactions air is supplied to the chamber. The next chamber serves as an additional settling tank, in which the medium is separated and the water is freed from residues that formed during the cleaning process. The last compartment is a chamber with a biofilter, which operates on the principle of a separator. Pure water (98% purified) is supplied to the outlet.
ATTENTION, THERE ARE SUCH AUTONOMOUS SEWERS IN 2018
- Requiring accurate calculation of station performance. There is a risk of a decrease in the degree of purification if there are more or fewer users, but not all autonomous sewers have an accurate calculation.
- During a power outage, most stations due to their design features They lose the opportunity to continue treatment and the degree of overall wastewater treatment tends to 0%.
- The design of many autonomous sewers requires frequent and periodic maintenance, repair and replacement of station components.
- A long break in the use of the station is not allowed if it is not equipped with automatic circulation of wastewater and activated sludge.
- The dimensions of the receiving chambers in some autonomous sewers are not designed for large household waste. Also, a volley discharge (draining the bath and simultaneous use of the entire sewer system) can disrupt the processes in the preliminary settling tank, which will lead to a decrease in the degree of wastewater treatment. The volume does not cope well with large household waste and with volley discharge.
- Fully automatic control of station operation with alarm system → very low energy consumption
- Simple and quick installation
- Only high-quality raw materials and components from American, Japanese and European manufacturers are the key to high-quality, reliable and safe operation of autonomous sewage systems DELFIN for many years.
- Operating mode
- Power of devices and equipment
- breaking
- poor quality material
- defective parts, etc.
Basic parameters when choosing
Since all residential plants are designed and built to treat wastewater, we need the hard facts to make the best possible comparison and provide you with a winner. It won't be that easy, since each station has its own twist. And we’ll tell you how much of a positive effect it has a little later. We compare the parameters and properties of deep biological treatment stations so that you get the result you expect. Facts and logic will be our guides in comparing all autonomous sewers. A high-quality septic tank or waste tank with a great guarantee is the key to quality and your peace of mind.
not susceptible to chemicals, hair and small debris
Oddly enough, there are also stations that have direct restrictions on discharge into an autonomous sewer system. It is clear that the station is not a garbage can, but we will still take into account how these problems were solved. In some they are completely excluded in order to be as comparable as possible with the central sewer system, but in others, unfortunately, due to design limitations, this problem has not been solved. Below is a brief comparison and description of how the problem was solved.
controller location
The stable operation of electrical appliances depends on many environmental factors. Ambient temperature, sudden changes, and humidity create a dew point that can be critical. They affect the service life of electrical equipment, worsen their operating conditions, cause accidents, damage and even destruction of the entire installation. The electrical properties of insulating materials, without which no electrical device can do, especially depend on environmental conditions. These materials, under the influence of climate and even weather changes, can quickly and significantly change, and under critical circumstances, lose their electrical insulating properties. The influence of adverse environmental factors on electrical equipment must be taken into account when designing, installing and operating electrical installations.
The energy consumption of an autonomous sewage system depends on
guarantee
When purchasing a product or receiving any services, we always want to be sure that we will not be left alone with the purchased product. You need to be careful not to make mistakes in marketing moves, such as a service life of more than 1000 years, when the official warranty is only 1 year. Therefore, in this column we would like to simply rank companies in descending order by the guarantee they can provide to their client. This is necessary: to carry out repairs and replacement of parts free of charge. This parameter guarantees you peace of mind and reliability for many years, during which you can contact the seller in case of malfunction or loss of product quality, such as:
Regarding autonomous sewerage, some manufacturers offer pumps, 2 compressors, controllers, brushes, etc. Others use the laws of physics and gravity.
