Ural federal district(Ural Federal District) was founded on May 13, 2000. It consists of 6 subjects Russian Federation: 4 regions (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Tyumen) and 2 autonomous districts (Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra, Yamalo-Nenets).

The total area of ​​the district is 1788.9 thousand square meters. kilometers (almost 11% of the area of ​​the Russian Federation) and exceeds the area of ​​the territories of Germany, France, Great Britain and Spain combined. The administrative center of the Ural Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg.

people (8.4% of the country's population). Including in the Sverdlovsk region - 4307.6 thousand, in the Chelyabinsk region - 3480.1 thousand, in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (Yugra) - 1561.2 thousand, Tyumen region - 1361.6 thousand, Kurgan region - 896.3 thousand, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - 536.6 thousand.

Human. The population density is 6.7 people per square meter. kilometer. This indicator less only in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts.

About 80% of the region's population are city dwellers. Largest cities Ural Federal District - Yekaterinburg, Chelyabinsk (both with a population of more than a million people), Tyumen, Magnitogorsk, Nizhny Tagil, Kurgan, Surgut, Nizhnevartovsk, Zlatoust, Kamensk-Uralsky.

Representatives of more than 120 ethnic groups live on the territory of the Ural Federal District, representatives of more than 40 religious denominations operate, and more than 1,300 religious associations are registered.

The Ural region is one of the richest mineral resource regions in Russia. In the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, oil and gas fields related to the West Siberian oil and gas province, which contains 66.7% of domestic oil reserves (6% of the world) and 77.8% of gas reserves, have been explored and are being developed. 26% - global).

The district has significant reserves of iron, titanomagnetite and copper ores, non-ferrous, noble and rare metals, peat, asbestos, non-metallic building materials, precious and semi precious stones. Large timber resources are concentrated here, about 10% of all-Russian reserves.

One of the main tasks of the socio-economic development of the Ural Federal District has become, according to Dmitry Medvedev, “the search for fundamentally new approaches and attractive promising projects that lay a solid foundation for growth for decades to come.”

This is the complex investment project “Ural Industrial - Ural Polar”, the goal of which is to ensure transport accessibility of the richest resources of the Polar and Subpolar Urals based on the rapid development of transport infrastructure.

This involves, first of all, the construction of the Obskaya – Salekhard – Nadym – Pangody – railway line Novy Urengoy– Korotchaevo, as well as the Salekhard – Nadym highway.

In addition, for the development of the energy block of the Polar Urals, the construction of the Polyarnaya thermal power plant is being carried out in the city of Salekhard in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

Also as part of the implementation investment project“Construction of infrastructure facilities for the Zapolyarye – Purpe – Samotlor oil pipeline” continues the construction of housing and social facilities, fire and environmental safety facilities, highways and bridges.

Large cities of the Ural Federal District

Home »Cities in the Urals» Chelyabinsk

G. Chelyabinsk. Chelyabinsk region.

The city of Chelyabinsk is located in the Ural Federal District of the Chelyabinsk Region - the administrative center of the Federal District of Chelyabinsk.

The Chelyabinsk fortress was built in 1736 on the site of the Chelyab Bashkir village, on the right bank of the river.

Miass is like a guard fort on the way from the Trans-Urals to Orenburg.
Since 1743, Chelyabinsk was the center of the great province of Iset. In 1746, after the decree of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna, she organized a Cossack army in Orenburg (Yaits), which was to protect Russian borders from nomads. By 1781, Chelyabinsk was a military settlement.
Since 1781 in Yekaterinburg, Perm Territory, in the same year - in the Ufa district of the Ufa governorship.

The city of Chelyabinsk became a city in 1787, when the Chelyabinsk Fortress was renamed. Since 1804, Chelyabinsk has been a regional city in the Orenburg province.
TO end of the 19th century. For centuries it was a city in Chelyabinsk.

The second birth of Chelyabinsk occurred in 1892, thanks to Emperor Alexander III. This was due to the completion of the Samara-Zlatoust railway, which connected Chelyabinsk with the European part Russian Empire.
On September 3, 1919, the city became the center of the Chelyabinsk Chelyabinsk Independent Province, which was created in accordance with the decision of the Russian Security Council, which was revised on November 3, 1924th

in the Chelyabinsk district of the Ural region. On January 17, 1934, Chelyabinsk became the regional center of the Chelyabinsk region.
Between the Great Fatherland, Chelyabinsk played an important role as a back city.

And at the beginning of the war, Chelyabinsk acquired another, unofficial name - “Tankograd”.
On August 21, 1943, the city of Chelyabinsk became the place of subordination of the Republican (RSFSR).
On June 3, 1958, Chelyabinsk became a city of regional subordination.

The city of Chelyabinsk is one of the largest industrial cities in Russia with metallurgical, hardware and metal industries, tool, light and food industries.

Large transport hub. Chelyabinsk is an industrial city with many factories. Air pollution levels are estimated to be very high and the city is included in the list of priority cities with the highest high level air pollution in Russia.

Chelyabinsk is the main transport center connected by communication routes with the entire Eurasian continent.

Chelyabinsk is one of the three largest Russian millionaires with the most developed transport infrastructure.
Chelyabinsk is one of the centers of the network of federal highways in different directions. Through Chelyabinsk transport flows from the European part of Russia to Siberia (a city crossing the border between Siberia and the Ural mountain range, the city is close to the border of Europe and Asia).

Chelyabinsk is the cultural center of the region, where various cultural institutions focus on it and continue their cultural life.
In the Chelyabinsk region, about 250 objects are included in the list of cultural heritage.

Of these, 117 date back to the pre-revolutionary period and about 100 to the Soviet period.

Chelyabinsk is the seventh largest city in the Russian Federation, the administrative center of the Chelyabinsk region and the only urban region in Russia with own work. The capital of the Southern Urals. The city is located on the border of the Urals and Siberia and has the unofficial honorary title of “Gateway to Siberia.”
Chelyabinsk is located in the very center of the Eurasije continent, on the eastern slopes of the Ural Mountains, on the Miass (Priobya) River, 200 km south of Ekaterinburgja, 1879 km east of Moscow.

A place of generosity and glory.
Chelyabinsk is the business, scientific, cultural and sports center of Southern Urals. Many transport intersections ( railway and highway) is located on the Trans-Siberian Railway. International airport. Chelyabinsk is a large industrial center with companies in metallurgy, mechanical engineering, metalworking, production of tools, pipes, chemicals, light and food industry. Considering its industrial power, Chelyabinsk is one of the top ten cities in Russia.

Places in the Chelyabinsk region: Chelyabinsk, Asha Bakal, Verkhneuralsk, Verkhniy Ufaley, Yemanzhelinsk, Zlatoust, Karabash, Kartaly, Castle, Katav-Ivanovsk, Kopeisk, Korkino, Kus, Kyshtym, Magnitogorsk, Miass, Minyar, Nyazepetrovsk, Ozersk, Satka layer, sim Snezhinsk, Trekhgorny, Troitsk, Ust-Katav Chebarkul, Yuzhno-Uralsk, Yuryuzan.

Template:Federal District of the Russian Federation Ural Federal District- federal district of the Russian Federation, within the Urals and Western Siberia. Established by decree of the President of Russia dated May 13, 2000.

The territory of the district is (( #expr: (Template:AreaRegions * 100 / Template:AreaRegions) round 2 ))% of the territory of Russia.

In the district, as in the Central Federal District, there are no republics, only regions (including the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, which are part of the Tyumen region). Has both land and sea borders; borders on the Volga Federal District, Northwestern Federal District and Siberian Federal District.

Tax deductions from enterprises of two constituent entities of the Russian Federation within the Ural Federal District form about a third (33.08%) of the Federal budget of Russia - Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra (25.80%) and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (7.28%) SHARE OF THE SUBJECT IN THE ALL-RUSSIAN BASIC SOCIO-ECONOMIC INDICATORS in 2009.

The administrative center and largest city is Yekaterinburg.

The Ural Federal District is located at the junction of two parts of the world - Europe and Asia, which differ in their natural and economic conditions. The region stretches in the meridional direction for thousands of kilometers from the Arctic Ocean and the Polar Urals to the steppes of the Southern Urals and Kazakhstan. The territory of the district covers the eastern slopes of the Northern, Polar and Subpolar Urals, as well as the spaces West Siberian Plain, from the Urals in the west to the borders of the Yenisei basin in the east; from the Southern Urals with the forest-steppe and steppe plains of the Trans-Urals and Cis-Urals in the south to the coast of the Kara Sea with coastal islands in the north.

The area of ​​the district is 1.79 million sq. km (10.5% of the territory of Russia), the population is 12 million people, of which 9.65 million people live in cities, and 2.42 million people live in rural areas . The Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions are characterized by the highest degree of urbanization. The central and southern parts of the federal district have the highest population density, where the density reaches 42 people per sq. km. National composition: Russians - 10.24 million (82.74%), Tatars - 636 thousand (5.14%), Ukrainians - 355 thousand (2.87%), Bashkirs - 266 thousand (2.15%), Germans - 81 thousand (0.65%), Belarusians - 79 thousand (0.64%), Kazakhs - 74 thousand (0.6%), Azerbaijanis - 66 thousand (0.54%). In the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets districts, about 5% of the population are indigenous peoples of the North - Khanty, Mansi, Nenets, Selkups.

The Ural Federal District produces 16% of the gross national product and 20% of all industrial products Russian Federation. About 40% of taxes into the federal budget are collected here. The Ural Federal District occupies a leading position in the Russian Federation in terms of mineral reserves. Two thirds of all proven oil fields in Russia are concentrated here (6% of world reserves), about 75% of proven reserves of Russian natural gas(26% of world reserves), a sixth of iron ores, almost 10% of timber reserves. The territory of the district is rich in bauxite, chromite, non-ferrous and rare metals, phosphates, barites, limestone, building materials, as well as water and forest resources. The forest structure is dominated by coniferous forests.

The Ural Federal District produces 92% of Russia's gas and 68% of its oil. About 40% of the all-Russian volume of steel and rolled ferrous metals, 45% of refined copper and 40% of aluminum, and 10% of engineering products are produced here. The concentration of industrial production in the Urals is four times higher than the Russian average. The basis of the district's economy is the fuel and energy complex, metallurgy and mechanical engineering. In the largest cities - Yekaterinburg and Chelyabinsk - construction of subways is underway.

The composition and boundaries of the Ural Federal District have developed historically. In the 18th century, the Perm province was located on both sides of the Ural ridge, uniting Ufa, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Shadrinsk, Verkhoturye, and Irbit. By the end of the 19th century, the production and territorial structure of the Greater Urals had developed, which included the Western industrial and Southern agricultural regions, the territory of which is now part of the Volga Federal District, and the Gornozavodsky industrial and Trans-Ural agricultural regions, which today belong to the Ural Federal District. In 1924, the Ural region was formed, which, by its borders and composition, predetermined the formation of the Ural Federal District. Until 1934, the Ural region included the territories of modern Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan regions, Tyumen region with the Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi districts, as well as the Perm region. The Ural economic region, consisting of five regions (Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Perm, Orenburg, Kurgan) and two republics (Bashkir and Udmurt), provided before the collapse of the USSR 22% of the union production of coke, 30% of ferrous metals, 16% of plastics, 50% of potash fertilizers, 60% bauxite. In 2000, by decree of Russian President V.V. Putin, the Ural Federal District was formed as a new form of territorial government.

The Ural Federal District was formed in accordance with Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 849 dated May 13, 2000.

The Ural Federal District includes 6 constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk regions, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug.

The center of the Ural Federal District is a city (population as of January 1, 2007 - 1.3 million people).

The area of ​​the territory of the Ural Federal District is 1788.9 thousand km2, which is 10.5% of the territory of Russia. Population of the district as of 01.01. 2007 12.2 million people, of which the urban population accounts for 79.5%, the rural population - 20.5%.

The Urals has a very favorable economic and geographical position. It is located in the central part of Russia, between developed regions and rich natural resources eastern regions of the country. The Ural Federal District is located close to both western and eastern markets for finished products.
The industrial complex of the Urals is one of the most powerful in the country. The district is distinguished by the most developed oil, gas and mining industries. The resources of manganese, iron ores, silver, copper, zinc, and gold are concentrated here. Great value has mining of lead, nickel, cement raw materials, coal. Stone mining is carried out. About 70% of Russian oil reserves and 91% of natural gas are concentrated in the district. Iron ore and non-ferrous metals occur within the Ural Mountains. More than 300 oil, gas and gas condensate fields are located on the territory of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug - Yugra, including the shelves. These regions belong to the West Siberian oil and gas province, which ranks second in the world in terms of geological reserves of oil and gas after the unique basin in the Persian Gulf region.

Pipeline transport plays a major role in the supply of oil and gas from Western Siberia. The oil pipelines Nizhnevartovsk - Anzhero-Sudzhensk - Irkutsk, Surgut - Polotsk, Nizhnevartovsk - Ust-Balyk - Omsk originate on the territory of the district; gas pipelines Urengoy - Pomary - Uzhgorod, Urengoy - Chelyabinsk. Oil is transported from the fields of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug via two main oil pipelines: Tarasovskoye - Kholmogory and Kholmogory - Western Surgut.
The region's electric power industry is represented mainly by thermal power plants. The largest of them are Surgut GRES-1 and GRES-2, Urengoyskaya and Nizhnevartovskaya GRES in the Tyumen region; Reftinskaya, Sredneuralskaya, Serovskaya, Nizhneturinskaya GRES in the Sverdlovsk region; South Ural State District Power Plant in the region.

Since 2006 economic development The Ural Federal District is viewed through the prism of the “Industrial Urals - Polar Urals” project, which involves the introduction into circulation of very large resources, ensuring, first of all, stimulation of the basic sectors of the economy of the district and Russia as a whole - ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy, metalworking and mechanical engineering. The main goal of the project is the industrial development of a new mining area in the east of the district, as well as the stable functioning of the basic sectors of the economy of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk regions. As part of the project, the development of deposits on the eastern slope of the Ural Mountains has already begun.
In Uralsk, the main infrastructure sectors of the economy - transport and communications - have become more active. Due to higher rates of development of road and rail communications, the structure transport complex districts (dominated by pipelines, accounting for about 74% of all traffic) is becoming more balanced.

Active work is carried out in the field of housing construction. Since the beginning of 2006, 1,178 thousand m2 of housing have been commissioned in the Ural Federal District, which is 22.4% more than a year ago. The leader in absolute terms is the Chelyabinsk region, where 325.7 thousand m2 of housing were commissioned during this period.

The Ural Federal District has significant forest resources. In the Sverdlovsk region there are the most important centers of forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industry. The production of lumber, particle boards, plywood, wooden houses factory-made, thermal insulation, finishing and other materials, wood products, furniture.

The agro-industrial complex of the Ural Federal District specializes in the production of grain (rye, spring wheat, oats) and products (meat, milk, wool).

Included Ural Federal District (Ural Federal District) included 4 areas(Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Tyumen) and 2 autonomous okrugs(Khanty-Mansiysk - Yugra, Yamalo-Nenets). The total area of ​​the territory is 1788.9 thousand square meters. km (about 11% of the area of ​​the Russian Federation), this exceeds the area of ​​the territories of Germany, France, Great Britain and Spain combined. The administrative center of the Urals Federal District is the city of Yekaterinburg. Population of the Urals Federal District - approx. 12,400.0 thousand people (8.5% of the country's population). Representatives of more than 120 ethnic groups live in the district. The Ural region is one of the richest mineral resource regions of the Russian Federation. In the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug there are oil and gas fields, the district has solid reserves of iron and copper ores, non-ferrous, precious and rare metals, peat, asbestos, non-metallic building materials, precious and semi-precious stones. Large timber resources are concentrated here.

Sverdlovsk region - “the land of ore miners, prospectors, craftsmen and coal burners,” as a native of this land, Pavel Bazhov, a writer and processor of folk legends and Ural tales, wrote. The nature of the region is coniferous and mixed forests, more than 3 thousand lakes. Due to the presence of high concentration radon waters and sapropel mud, some lakes are healing (Khomutininskoye, Podbornoe, etc.). The border between Europe and Asia runs through the region. At an exhibition held in 2002 under the auspices of UNESCO, Yekaterinburg was classified as one of the 12 ideal cities in the world. The city has over 600 historical and cultural monuments, more than 30 museums, many of which have unique collections. The Museum of Local Lore houses the famous Shigir idol - the oldest wooden sculpture, which was created almost 9,000 years ago. The Museum of Nevyansk Icon has a collection of unique iconography. In the Museum fine arts the richest collection of Russian avant-garde and a collection of Kasli castings are presented. The Museum of the History of Stone-Cutting and Jewelry Art, as well as the unusual Museum of Artifacts, are interesting. There is a whole park-museum: a complex of museums in Yekaterinburg, united in a cultural center - the Literary Quarter. The museums are located in a beautiful park with gazebos and figured trellises. At the entrance to the Literary Quarter there is a monument to Pushkin. Historical square - the place where it was founded Ekaterinburg and where there once were a fortress and workshops of an ironworks, with the construction of which the formation of the city began. There is a monument to the founders of Yekaterinburg - V.N. Tatishchev and V. de Gennin. There are many monuments in the city: "The Gray Ural", Marshal Zhukov - "The First Cavalry", the First Steam Locomotive in Russia, a complex of monuments to those killed in Afghanistan and Chechnya. There are also very unusual monuments. For example, the world's first monument to the Invisible Man, the hero of H.G. Wells. Or plumbing - "Afonya". The “Klava” monument, dedicated to a computer keyboard, has earned special love from townspeople and guests - people come to it to sit on its eighty-six keys (the keyboard is 12 meters long). The oldest building in the city - the dam of the city pond on the Iset River - was built from Ural larch and is perfectly preserved. There are various architectural monuments on the Dam. Connected with Yekaterinburg last days Russian Emperor Nicholas II. A murder was committed in the house of engineer Ipatiev in 1918 royal family. On this site they erected the Church on the Blood in the name of All Saints who shone forth in the Russian Land. The most famous of the temple buildings is the Holy Trinity Cathedral. Yekaterinburg is a city with the richest theatrical and cultural traditions. His theaters have gained all-Russian and even worldwide fame. The city has many interesting architectural sights. These include the palace and park ensemble - the Rastorguev-Kharitonov estate, an example of landscape art of the first half of the 19th century. The house is adjacent to a large park with alleys, artificial lake, an artificial island and a rotunda gazebo on it. The circus has a unique hanging roof under an openwork load-bearing dome. And the building of the Old Station is decorated with towers, which give it a resemblance to stone chambers.
Chelyabinsk region - a variety of reliefs: hilly plains, ridges and steep slopes, these are birch and aspen forests, and in the east there are forest-steppe and steppe. There are many lakes and several reservoirs. However, perhaps the main natural highlight of the region is the caves. There are 320 caves in the region, many of them, due to their picturesqueness and uniqueness, are declared natural monuments. Here is the watershed ridge that serves as the border between Europe and Asia - the Ural-Tau, or Stone Belt. The Chelyabinsk region is famous for its largest metal deposits, deposits of precious stones and minerals. Thus, more than 260 minerals, including very rare ones, and 70 rocks were discovered in the Ilmensky Nature Reserve. Folk crafts are developed in the region, mainly Zlatoust steel engraving and Kasli art casting. There are more than 300 historical monuments, 500 architectural monuments, and 1,500 archaeological monuments. Two of them are of world significance: the historical and cultural reserve "Arkaim" (the complex includes a fortified settlement of the Bronze Age - proto-city Arkaim, "Country of Cities", burial grounds) and Ignatievskaya Cave with rock paintings from the Paleolithic era (more than 14 thousand years ago). The cave, located near the village of Serpievka, is called the “art gallery of the Stone Age.” Zyuratkul National Park is extremely popular, with fabulous beautiful lake, Rapids, Satka, Zmeinaya Gora and the “Fiery” paleovolcano located nearby (a fragment of an ancient volcano), Blue Stone (rocky outcrops of quartz porphyry light lilac color on the banks of the Ural River). And, of course, lovers active recreation You won’t be able to ignore such places as Taganay and the famous Kungur caves. Also interesting are Grachinaya Gora, Cherkasinskaya Sopka, Cheka - the highest point in the south of the region. The rocky part of the peak is an object of sports, tourist and recreational significance. The Chelyabinsk region has its own “Leaning Tower of Pisa” (that’s what one of the rocks is called) and even “Easter Island” - the name “Kizil steppe Easter Island” was assigned to Mount Razbornaya. Among the attractions of Chelyabinsk are the year-round Ice Sports Palace "Ural Lightning", the sculptural and landscape composition "Sphere of Love": a huge glass dome on stilts, under it there are figures of lovers who are directed towards each other, and below there are two paths - "streams", which merge into one “river”). The Scarlet Field has a history of more than a century. Once upon a time, fairs were held here; during the 1905 revolution, workers came out to demonstrate in the field, and during Soviet times, the territory was transformed into a children's park. Today it is one of the favorite vacation spots of city residents. In addition to Chelyabinsk, the major cities of the region are Magnitogorsk, Zlatoust, and Miass.

Nature is amazingly diverse Kurgan region . The southern regions are characterized by mixed-grass steppes and steppe meadows, and in the north there are small-leaved forests of the taiga zone. Accordingly, representatives of forest fauna and steppe zones. The local forests are recognized as natural monuments; centuries-old pine and birch trees grow in them. Surprisingly, the Kurgan region is also famous for its thickets of cherry trees. On the territory of the region there are more than 400 rivers (the main ones are the Tobol and its tributary Iset) and more than 2 thousand mineralized and fresh lakes rich in fish, including those with resort significance: these are lakes Turbannoe in the Dalmatovsky district, Gorkoe-Kureinoye in the Makushinsky district, a group Setovskie lakes in Tselinny district. In Ketovsky, Shadrinsky and other districts of the region, sources of mineral water have been discovered that are not inferior in composition to the waters of Borjomi and Essentuki. One of the most valuable lakes for its balneological properties is Lake Gorkoe (Khomutinskoe). Lake Medvezhye, amazing in its beauty and healing power, is very popular among tourists and local residents. Its silt mud has medicinal properties equal to mud Dead Sea. The water from the source of the Holy Kazan Chimeevsky Monastery is also considered healing. 66 percent of the region's land is arable land. And this truly Russian combination of fields and forests pacifies and calms. The largest cities in the region are Kurgan, Shadrinsk, Dalmatovo. The main attraction of the regional center is the legendary Tsar's Kurgan. In honor of him, the settlement, called Tsarev Settlement, received its current name - Mound. Among the attractions of the Shadrinsky district are church buildings and natural monuments: the floodplain areas of the Iset River, a beautiful pine forest. The cultural layer protection zones are located on the territory of the Bolshoi Mylnikovsky settlement and the Bolshoi Bakal settlement.

Tyumen region divides the territory of the Russian Federation into two parts: to the west is the Urals and European part, to the east - Siberia and Far East. The administrative center of the region - Tyumen - was the first Russian city in Siberia, the gateway to Siberia, an outpost of advancement Russian state to the east. Asian Russia began here. Tyumen has architectural and cultural monuments. The most famous are the settlement with the remains of the Tatar city, a rampart and a moat, as well as the complex of the Holy Trinity Monastery, founded in 1616. The complex consists of the Trinity Cathedral, a church, abbot's chambers and old walls. Here is one of the most beautiful iconostases in Siberia. In the city you can see baroque churches, chapels and bell towers of the 18th century, monuments of architecture and wooden architecture - houses of merchants and industrialists. Tyumen, once famous for merchant fairs, has retained the title of a wealthy city. Today it is called the oil capital of Russia. Tobolsk is founded on the site where the Tatar capital of Siberia was previously located. Subsequently, the name “Siberia” was transferred to the entire territory from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. For several centuries, Tobolsk was the main administrative and military center of all of Siberia. Here, for the first time in Siberia, a stone Kremlin was erected. And to this day, the Tobolsk Kremlin is considered the pearl of these places. Tobolsk is a unique city-monument of stone and wooden architecture. Thanks to its original architecture and natural landscapes, the city has gained fame as the “Siberian Mecca” for tourists from all over the world. Tobolsk has many beautiful temple and monastery buildings. The city has developed a unique craft of artistic bone carving. The town of Yalutorovsk has preserved historical and cultural monuments, including the memorial houses of the Decembrists M.I. Muravyov-Apostol and I.D. Yakushkin. Here is the Decembrists Grove - beautiful natural complex, a place where the Decembrists loved to visit. In the south of the region there are 2 nature reserves of federal significance - “Tyumensky” and “Belozersky”, 33 reserves of regional significance, 29 natural monuments. In the vicinity of Tyumen there are two hot springs - natural thermal springs, the water temperature in which all year round+40-45º. One of them is landscaped, the other is “wild”. The first is a marble pool filled with water under open air. The pool is surrounded by pine trees and decorative palm trees. The water in hot springs is healing. Mineral water"Tyumenskaya-2" from sources - bromine, sodium chloride. Andrew's Lake. The archaeological museum-reserve on Lake Andreevskoye is located on the site where traces of settlements of ancient times were discovered - from the Stone Age to the Iron Age. The exhibition includes objects found during excavations, as well as reconstructions of Khanty and Mansi dwellings. Embayevo. The Tatar village was founded by immigrants from Bukhara. In Embaevo there is a mosque built by the local merchant Nigmatulla-Khadzhi Karmyshakov and considered one of the most beautiful in Russia. This is the first stone mosque beyond the Urals. Karmyshakov brought a hair of the Prophet Muhammad from the Middle East, which was kept in the village, and is now in the Tyumen Museum of Local Lore. A madrasah has been opened at the mosque, training imams. The village also has an ethnographic museum of Siberian Tatars. Pokrovskoye village: Grigory Rasputin was born here. There is a private Rasputin museum. Tatar village of Chikcha. A wooden mosque from the 19th century and a new stone mosque have been preserved. Chikcha is a place of Muslim pilgrimage.

Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug (the historical name of the region is Yugra) is located in Western Siberia, in the northern and middle taiga zone. The climate is continental, with harsh, long winters (about 9 months) and relatively warm summer. In the north there are permafrost rocks. The main river is the Ob with large tributaries - the Irtysh, Northern Sosva, etc. There are over 1,500 lakes. Rivers and lakes are rich in fish (salmon, whitefish, sturgeon). Forests occupy about 1/3 of the district's territory. Prevail conifers(spruce, pine, cedar), in deciduous forests mainly birch. On the territory of the district there are the eastern slopes of the Northern and Subpolar Urals (height up to 1646 m, Neroika). The following nature reserves are open: Yugansky, Malaya Sosva. The region has large oil and gas fields. Among the attractions of Khanty-Mansiysk are a local history museum with a rich ethnographic collection, a park museum with monuments of wooden architecture of the Khanty and Mansi. Natural monument - Samarovsky Hill (Ust-Irtysh Mountain). There is a large fur farm (breeding black and brown foxes, arctic foxes, minks).

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug - this is a whole country in the center Far North Russia. The district covers an area of ​​more than 750 thousand square kilometers. It is located in the north of the West Siberian Plain. More than 50 percent of the district's territory is outside the Arctic Circle. The region is washed by the waters of the Northern Arctic Ocean. The population is about 500 thousand people. The indigenous peoples of the region are the Nenets, Khanty, and Selkups. The capital of the Autonomous Okrug is Salekhard.

Included Ural Federal District(Ural Federal District) includes 4 regions: Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen with the Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets autonomous okrugs. Area of ​​the Ural Federal District: 1788.9 thousand square meters. km, population: 12.6 million people.

The Urals are a unique economic region within Russia. The uniqueness of the region and its specialization are determined geographical location, natural resources, economy and population.

Its geographical position at the border of Europe and Asia made the Urals a kind of connecting link between the European and Asian parts of Russia. This territory became part of the Russian state in the second half of the 16th century. and turned into a base for the development of Siberia.

The economy of the Urals began to take shape in early XVII century, but develops especially quickly in early XVIII V. after the reforms of Peter I. Soon the region became the leading industrial base of Russia. The Urals, called the “supporting edge of the state,” bore the main economic burden during the Great Patriotic War.

The Ural Federal District turned out to be the richest. It stands out for its most developed oil, gas and mining industries in Russia. About 27% of manganese ores, large reserves of silver, gold, and iron ores are also concentrated here. Lead, nickel, and coal are mined. Stone mining is widely developed.

The undisputed leader in the region's economy is gas - 92% of all-Russian production and oil - 65%. However, the West Siberian oil and gas province is today, as oil workers say, in a mode of “falling production.” The fact is that at one time in this district oil workers received licenses for more than 200 fields. But today they are all idle: some “owners” have no money, others lack modern technologies.

In terms of self-sufficiency with resources, technical means and technology, the Ural Federal District is the most complex region. He may well become a leader in the country's economy.