The suffixes of Russian adjectives can contain either one letter “n” or two. Confusion with suffixes is considered a serious mistake, and to prevent it, you need to remember just a few rules.
In what cases is it necessary to put “n”, and in what cases - “nn”
First of all, it is necessary to remember that adjectives can be formed from different parts of speech - nouns, verbs, participles.
- Almost always, adjectives derived from a perfective verb are given a double suffix “nn” - “folded”, “carried out”. The exception to this rule is the word "wounded".
- Double “nn” in verbal adjectives is placed in the presence of the suffixes “ova” and “eva” - for example, “organized”. Exceptions are the words “chewed” and “forged”, where only one “n” appears.
- Also, “nn” is placed in cases where the adjective has a prefix and is formed from a verb with a prefix. For example, the word “wrapped” comes from the word “wrap up”. Exceptions apply to words with the prefix “not” - “uninvited”, “untrodden” and so on.
- In some phrases, adjectives come with an explanatory word - for example, “potatoes baked in ash.” If there is such an explanation, you need to put the suffix “nn”, but if we are just talking about “baked potatoes”, then the suffix will look like “n”.
- Adjectives formed from a noun can have a stem with an "n" at the end - in this case the suffix will be "nn". The same applies to the presence of the suffixes “onn” and “enn” in so-called denominal adjectives, especially if the adjective with “enn” comes from a noun ending with the syllable “mya” (for example, “time” - “temporary”).
Single spelling "n"
When is there only one letter “n” in a suffix?
- The easiest way to remember the rule regarding short participles is that only one letter “n” is always used here. Examples - completed, installed, finished. Two “n”s in a row are never used in these and similar cases.
- If an adjective is formed from a noun (for example, “clay” from the word “clay”), one letter “n” is placed in the suffixes “an”, “yang” and “in”.
- For adjectives formed by verbs and for full-form participles, the following rule applies - the suffix “n” is placed if there is no reason to put the suffix “nn”. We have listed the rules by which “nn” can be placed above - it won’t take much time to check the word for compliance with them.
How to determine when to write -n- and -nn- in adjectives? This article describes in detail all the spelling rules of these suffixes, provides examples and exceptions to the rules.
Spelling of the letters N and НН in adjective suffixes
Writing H And HH in adjectives in Russian depends on what part of speech the word in question is formed from. To understand when one and two letters N are written in adjective suffixes, determine whether this is a verbal adjective, a participle or an adjective formed from a noun (denominal). For each case there is a separate spelling rule H And HH in adjectives.
Spelling N and HH in suffixes of adjectives are studied in the 6th grade of school.
Spelling of suffixes H and HH in verbal adjectives, participles
Determine the correct spelling H or HH in full participles or verbal adjectives it is very simple. Two HH are written in such cases:
- If the adjective is formed from the verb SV (folded, held, shortened). Exceptions – named (father), wounded (officer), shell-shocked (soldier) etc.
- If the word has a prefix (wrapped, completed, installed). Exception– words with a prefix Not– (untrodden, uninvited, untrodden).
- If an adjective is used with an explanatory word (potatoes baked in a fire, a wagon loaded with grain).
- If the word ends in -ovanny (-ovanny) (spoiled, disorganized, painted). Exceptions – forged, chewed, pecked.
- In adjectives - unexpected, unseen, unexpected, desired, unheard of, sacred, slow, unexpected, minted, unexpected etc.
If the full participle or verbal adjective being analyzed does not have any of the signs, then one is written H (homespun, whole-cut, frozen).
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Short participles are always written with one H (finished, installed, slow).
Spelling of letters H and НН in denominal adjectives
When is one H written in denominal adjectives?
One N is written in the suffixes of adjectives when the word is formed using suffixes -an (-yang-), -in- – (clay, silver, lion, paraffin).
Exceptions – glass, wood, tin.
Important! Words with one H to remember include: ruddy, spicy, drunk, young, blue, nasty, green, pork, crow, mutton, united, seal, dun, pheasant, peacock, carp, zealous, crimson.
Spelling of the suffix НН in adjectives
NN is written in denominal adjectives in the following cases:
- If the stem of an adjective ends in -n and the suffix is added to it -n-.
- When an adjective is formed using suffixes -onn- (-enn-).
- When the suffix -enn- in adjectives forms words from nouns to -me (banner, time, flame etc.)
Examples of writing НН in adjectives:
throne, traditional, tall, kneeling, lunar, lemon, spring, windless, banner, temporary, fiery.
Spelling: Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech (nouns, adjectives, participles, adverbs).
1. Two letters H written: 1) in adjectives formed using the suffix -n- from nouns with a stem on n(sleep - sleepy); 2) in adjectives formed from nouns using suffixes -onn-, -enn-(station). Exception: windy.
2. One letter N written: 1) in the suffix -in-(goose); 2) in the suffix -an- (-yang-) adjectives formed from nouns (leather). Exceptions: tin, wood, glass.
3. B short adjectives the same number of letters is written n, so much in full. Tumanna (foggy).
4. Two letters N are written in suffixes of full participles and adjectives formed from verbs: 1) if they contain a prefix, except Not-; 2) if they include dependent words; 3) if the word has a suffix -ova-(-Eve-); 4) if the word is formed from an unprefixed perfective verb, except wounded. Dried, galvanized, stripped (from deprived - verb. Sov. v.), measured with a ruler
5. One letter N written in suffixes: 1) short passive participles; 2) prefixless adjectives formed from imperfective verbs, and also without a dependent word (confused answer). Exceptions; slow, desired, sacred, unexpected, unseen, unheard, unexpected.
6. In adverbs on -O (-e) is written the same amount n, how many are in the adjectives from which they are derived. Ordinary (ordinary).
Table “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech”
Lesson summary “Spelling -Н- and -НН- in various parts of speech.”
Н/НН in participles and verbal adjectives
Spelling Н or НН in passive participles is one of those rules that are regularly encountered in dictations, essays and tests.
First of all, remember the rule: In the suffixes of full passive participles, two letters N are written, for example, CUTTED TREES. In the suffixes of short passive participles, one letter N is written, for example, TREES ARE CUTTED.
But since full passive participles are sometimes very similar to adjectives, to avoid mistakes, it is useful to remember the four conditions under which two letters N are written:
1) the participle has a prefix (except NOT-), for example, DRIED MUSHROOMS;
2) the participle was formed from a perfective verb, for example, SOLVED PROBLEM - from the verb DECIDE (what to do? – perfect form);
3) the participle has dependent words, for example, MUSHROOMS DRIED (where?) IN THE OVEN;
4) The participle is formed from the verb using the suffixes –OVA- or -EVA-, for example, EXCITED FACE.
If a word does not have any of these characteristics, then it is written with one N.
In addition, there are several words with two letters N, the spelling of which must be learned in the same way as we memorize exception words: UNSEEN, UNHEARD, UNEXPECTED, UNGUESSED, ACCIDENTAL, DESIRED, CHEERING, SACRED, CHANDED.
Samples of reasoning
(1) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase DELETED GARDEN? First of all, you need to see if the participle has a prefix. In our case, there is a prefix, which means that this word must be written with two N: DENIED GARDEN.
(2) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase BROSHEY LOOK? First of all, let's see if the participle has a prefix. In our example, the participle does not have a prefix, therefore, we need to take the next step: determine the type of verb from which this participle was formed. BROSHE__Y was formed from the verb THROW (what to do?) This verb is of the perfect form, which means that in the participle you need to write two letters N: Abandoned LOOK.
(3) How many Ns should be written in the participle from the phrase FISH FRIED IN THE OVEN? The participle in this phrase has dependent words: ROASTING (where?) IN THE OVEN. Therefore, in the participle you need to write two letters N: OVEN FRIED FISH.
(4) How many N should be written in the participle from the phrase ASPHALTED_OE HIGHWAY? Since this participle contains the suffix -OVA-, it must contain two letters H: PAVED HIGHWAY.
(5) How many N should be written in the word WEAVE_AYA from the phrase WEAVE_AYA BASKET? Since it has no prefix, no dependent words, no suffixes -OVA- or -EVA-, and also because it was formed from the imperfective verb WEAVE (what to do?), you need to write one letter N: WICER BASKET.
EXERCISE
“How can I not love him?” she said to herself, delving into his frightened and at the same time joyful gaze.
Levin immediately thought about this, but, despite this, he decided that such views of him from Sviyazhsky were only his unfounded assumption...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Well, the guest is uninvited,
Perhaps Father will come in!
I ask you to serve the young lady in love!
They wove scarlet ribbons for her
In two light brown braids,
They brought flowers and clothes
Unseen beauty.
Whoever wants to come to us is welcome;
The door is unlocked for invited and uninvited...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
Parsley, you are always with new clothes,
With a torn elbow.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
...Information was requested from the hostile ministry about the measures that had been applied in the last decade...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
And that consumptive one, your relatives, the enemy of books,
The academic committee that settled...
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
And then she thinks -
God knows why -
That the starry sky is sand
Sprinkled leaf,
Constantly day and night on the road
A wonderfully well-coordinated cart...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)
Levin always came to Moscow excited, hurried, a little constrained and irritated by this constraint, and for the most part with a completely new, unexpected view of things.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
No, to this deforested forest
I won't be lured in
Where were the oak trees up to the sky?
And now the stumps are sticking out!
(Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)
He drove to the serf ballet on many wagons
From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
Stepan Arkadyevich had already gone downstairs, undressed, washed again, put on a ruffled nightgown and lay down... (Leo Tolstoy, “Anna Karenina”)
You will come to Nerchinsk if you
The road won't kill you.
Hardly four miles per hour
The chained one is coming...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)
With a face disfigured by passion, pale and with a shaking lower jaw, Vronsky hit her in the stomach with his heel and again began to pull on the reins...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Daria Alexandrovna's eyes widened at this elegant carriage she had never seen before...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
Finally married his daughter,
He took a dowry - shish, for his service - nothing.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
She remembered how she told almost a confession that her husband’s young subordinate made to her in St. Petersburg...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
At lunchtime they arrived: Alexey Alexandrovich’s old cousin... ...and one young man recommended to Alexey Alexandrovich for the service.
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
To pen from cards? and to cards from the pen?
And what is the proper time for the tides to ebb and flow?
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
I’m running, I won’t look back, I’ll go looking around the world,
Where there is a corner for someone who is offended!..
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
Stepan Arkadyevich... in this comic courtship... and accidentally went so far that he no longer knew how to get back...
(Leo Tolstoy, Anna Karenina)
What are these people called politely?
More tender? - he is a secular man,
A notorious swindler, rogue:
Anton Antonich Zagoretsky.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
Because he softened the angry guest,
I wanted to praise.
(A. S. Griboyedov, “Woe from Wit”)
You sit silently for an hour,
Undepressed, cheerful mind
Meanwhile it works...
(N. A. Nekrasov, “Russian Women”)
How many n write in word hot(n, nn)y? How to correctly - mad or furious? When to write painted, and when - painted? If you periodically ask yourself such questions, then this article is for you.
One of the most dangerous places to choose n or nn– suffixes of adjectives and participles. Let's start with them.
First of all, let us remember: adjectives can be formed from nouns or from, and therefore are divided respectively into denominal and verbal. Spelling Rules n, nn The adjectives of these two groups are different.
N, NN in denominal adjectives.
To choose the correct spelling n or nn For denominative adjectives, it is advisable to find out which specific noun they are formed from and with the help of which suffix.
Two n are written in denominal adjectives, which
- formed from words with a stem ending in n :
Limo nn th Limo n ),
old nn th(derived from the noun old n A).
Here is the diagram by which such adjectives are formed (at the end of the stem there was already a letter n, and when forming an adjective, another one was added - the suffix n):
According to this paragraph, they are written with two n and adjectives that are formed from indeclinable nouns - those that end in the nominative case in –myself. The fact is that in indirect cases and in the plural such words have a suffix EH- it closes the base, from which, with the help of a suffix N an adjective is formed:
name - im e n a – have nn Ouch,
tribe - tribe e n a – tribe nn Ouch,
time - time e n a – time nn oh,
flame - flame e n and - flame nn th etc.
- have a suffix UNN or ENN:
lectures O nn oh,
razors e nn y.
The exception is the word in the wind n th. By the way, this word ceases to be an exception when the prefix is added to it: in words the wind e nn th, no wind e nn th(and the like) in accordance with the general rule it is written nn.
One n written if denominative adjectives have suffixes AN, YAN, IN:
sand A n oh,
canvas I n oh,
gooseAnd n y.
Exceptions here are the words glass nn th, tin nn th, wood nn th, in which two are written n.
Should remember writing adjectives:
These adjectives are written according to tradition. One or two n they usually explain from the point of view of their etymology, that is, origin. Learn about the origin of adjectives authentic, spicy, boozy and other words of the Russian language can be found on the page.
N, NN in verbal adjectives.
Verbal adjectives were formed from imperfective verbs: fried(from fry), knitted(from knit), painted(from color).
In the suffixes of most of these adjectives it is written one n :
smoother n oh underwear,
boiling n oh milk,
cochet n oh grass.
Two n are written only in those verbal adjectives that have suffixes OVA, YOVA :
asphalt ova nn oh road,
gazir ova nn oh water,
ice cream ova nn th tooth,
cramps Evenn stump.
Verbal adjectives do not have dependent words and prefixes (except for the prefix Not, which, as is known, does not change the form of the verb and does not affect the spelling of one or two n in adjective suffixes: less ironed n oh laundry, not boiled n oh milk, nekoshe n y grass).
N, NN in participles.
Writing rule n, nn concerns passive past participles that have suffixes in their full form NN, ENN, YONN:
done nn oh,
sawing enne oh,
carried away yonn y.
These participles formed from perfective verbs- and this is their main difference from verbal adjectives, formed, as we have already noted, from imperfective verbs.
Participles can have prefixes (By painted floor) and dependent words ( painted yesterday floor), however they can be prefixless and used without dependent words ( solved problem, purchased items).
Full participles contain two letters n:
in the heat nn th potatoes,
heat nn potatoes in butter,
brooch nn th stone.
Short participles use one letter n:
roasted meat n O,
stones brooch n s,
problem solved n A.
You should remember the words in which the spelling n,nn traditionally and not subject to the rule:
Compound adjectives with the prefix PERE-.
Such words are found mainly in colloquial speech. They are formed by repetition, written with a hyphen and, despite the fact that in their second part there is a prefix RE-, one is written in both parts n:
smoother n oh-re-smooth n oh dress,
burden n y-carry n th jacket,
erased n s-over-washed n ed things.
How to distinguish participles from verbal adjectives?
Both participles and verbal adjectives are formed from verbs; these words are similar to each other, and sometimes they do not differ at all in pronunciation. However, verbal adjectives are written with one n, and participles - with two. Therefore, in order to avoid making a spelling mistake, you need to learn to clearly distinguish between the words of these parts of speech.
View.
The main difference is the type of verbs from which participles or adjectives are formed. Let us remind you once again: verbal adjectives are formed from imperfective verbs, participles - from perfective verbs:
knitted sweater- that is, a sweater that knitted (what did you do?) – the word is formed from an imperfective verb and, therefore, is an adjective (which explains the spelling n).
decided question- that is, the question that decided (what did they do?)– the word is formed from a perfective verb decide and therefore is communion(this is what explains the writing nn).
Prefix.
Verbal adjectives do not have prefixes (except for the prefix NOT, which we have already mentioned). It turns out that the presence of a prefix is a sign of the sacrament and a reason to write in full form nn:
With elm nn th sweater,
for heat nn oh meat.
IN short form participles, we remind you that you need to write one n:
sweaters With elm n s,
vegetables for heat n s.
Dependent words.
A verbal adjective can be turned into a participle by adding a dependent word (that is, the word to which we ask the question from the participle):
knitted sweater (knitted knitted mom sweater (knitted– participle),
fried potatoes (fried– verbal adjective) – fried in oil potato (fried- participle).
Verbs knit And fry, from which both adjectives and participles are formed in this case, belong to the imperfect form - that is, they must form adjectives. However, with adjectives there are no dependent words. It turns out that by adding dependent words to itself, the verbal adjective automatically becomes a participle - with all the ensuing consequences (in its full form it is now written two n, in short – one n).
N, NN in nouns and adverbs.
Some nouns, as well as adverbs ending in -о, -е, were formed from adjectives or participles with n or nn. In such nouns and adverbs there are as many n written as in the words from which they are derived :
brought up nn IR(the noun is formed from the participle brought up nn th),
brew n IR(the noun is formed from a verbal adjective brew n th),
scared nn O(the adverb is formed from the participle scared nn th),
puta n O– (adverb formed from verbal adjective puta n th).
In conclusion, another small list of words to remember – this time nouns:
