The history of which dates back to the 2nd century BC. e., when people learned to make iron, and from it various knives, scrapers, saws and other cutting tools.

However, it was not enough to simply carve a product out of wood; a person wanted the result of his work to look beautiful. This is how ancient wood paintings appeared, primitive and far from artistic, but the birth of art took place. In those distant times, paints already existed; all that remained was to apply them properly.

Artistic painting on wood

The folk crafts that exist today for making household items are based on a variety of techniques. Wooden products are presented in several categories: first of all, dishes and kitchen utensils. The second list includes items that represent fine art. These are painted panels, interior decorations, and various household items. And finally, the third category is vintage-style wooden furniture, painted in a special antique way. Artistic painting on wood as such is used in all three cases. The value of the products is undoubted, since professionals work on them.

Varieties

Wood paintings come in several types and differ in their belonging to a particular region, as well as in style. The drawing can be plot or ornamental.

Types of painting on wood:

• Mezenskaya;
• Polkhovskaya;
• Khokhloma;
• Gorodets;
• Palekh;
• Severodvinskaya;
• Petrikovskaya

The main types of wood painting are listed. Each variety contains “branded” features that give the product additional attractiveness.

Mezen painting

Mezen painting (or as it is also called - palaschelskaya) is the painting of household items: ladles, boxes, spinning wheels, benches and kitchen tables. These artistic traditions appeared in the lower reaches of the Mezen River around 1815.

Mezen painting consists mainly of ornamented images of forest inhabitants: deer and elk, wolverines, foxes and bear cubs. All images are impersonal and bear the stamp of staticity. Friezes composed of repeatedly repeating figures painted in bright colors give the impression of festivity and defiant luxury, since the colorful stripes of ornaments do not fit in with the squalid furnishings of a Russian home. A primitive spinning wheel, painted in the Mezen style and sparkling with colors in a dark corner, only emphasized the desolation of the upper room.

Palekh

Palekh painting is a folk art craft that appeared in pre-Petrine times. At that time, the village of Palekh in the Ivanovo province was famous for its icon painters. This art reached its greatest flowering at the end of the 18th century. The Paleshans, in addition to painting icons, were involved in the restoration of cathedrals and churches, and took part in the design of the chapels of the Trinity-Sergius Lavra and the Novodevichy Convent.

Until the beginning of the 20th century, the trade of Palekh painting flourished; the revolutionary storms of 1905 and 1917 almost destroyed the fine folk art. Since after the 17th year all the churches were abolished by ignorant representatives of the communist authorities, there was nothing to paint, and Poleshan artists created an artel producing artistic products made of wood.

Soon the first work in the palekh style was created in a Moscow workshop. On a wooden box covered with black varnish, Ivan Tsarevich, who emerged from the royal chambers into freedom, meets the Firebird. The whole picture was painted in gold and cinnabar - it was impossible to take your eyes off the drawing.

Currently, Palekh wood painting is a deeply traditional art, with the only difference being that natural wood has been replaced with papier-mâché. Now products with Palekh painting are not only beautiful, but also light.

Khokhloma

An ancient folk craft that developed in the villages of the Nizhny Novgorod province in the 17th century. The center became the village of Khokhloma, where Old Believers, persecuted for their faith, gathered. Among the settlers there were many icon painters who brought with them exquisite painting skills, calligraphic writing and many examples of floral designs.

Local residents living in Khokhloma and nearby villages knew wood turning techniques, but did not know how to draw. So it turned out that the wooden dishes, turned on site, were painted by visiting artists. This is how the art of Khokhloma painting appeared, which turned into one of the most famous artistic crafts in Russia.

Wood carvers not only turned dishes and plates, they soon learned to carve spoons and ladles, the classic “brothers”. Usually the ladle was made in the shape of a swan, and a dozen scoops were hung on the sides. The material was linden wood, which by its nature has no fibers and is easily cut in all directions.

Khokhloma painting consists of four primary colors: black, gold, red and green. Black and gold are used as the background, and red and green, together with their shades, make up the actual design. The theme for drawings in the Khokhloma style is most often rowan berries, strawberries, various flowers and herbal plants. Sometimes the artist uses images of birds, fish and small animals.

Carving and drawing

Russian folk crafts (such as gorodets or khokhloma) are wood products covered with a pattern. First, cabinetmakers make blanks from selected wood, the so-called “linen,” and then artists cover them with a design. Wood carving and painting are inseparable in this case - they complement each other. The most common type of painted blank is the Russian nesting doll. For its production, the turning method of carving is used, when the product is turned, polished and then painted. This souvenir is known all over the world and has been in high demand for many years.

Is it possible to learn wood painting?

Folk arts and crafts belong to the fine arts and require certain preparation, but anyone with patience and perseverance can master the basic principles of coloring products. There are special techniques called “Wood Painting for Beginners,” which include familiarization with the process and practical work. Initially, the classes are general in nature, and after acquiring skills, you can move on to a specific artistic style, for example, Gorodets. In any case, painting on wood is a fascinating creative process for beginners.

Coloring methods

Natural wood is a material that requires careful pre-processing. The surface for painting must be smooth, without peeling or cracks. The workpiece is first sanded with emery cloth and then coated with a special primer, which fills all microscopic cracks and evens out small irregularities. Larger defects can be eliminated using putty. After pre-treatment, the workpiece must be thoroughly dried.

Wooden folk art products are distinguished by bright, intense colors. The designs usually contrast with the background, black or bright red. For painting products, tempera or artistic gouache paints are used, which have good hiding power. The most lasting results are obtained by acrylic painting on wood, especially if the design is covered with transparent nitro varnish on top. Products after this treatment become resistant to abrasion and do not change their color.

Wood painting (photos of finished products are presented on the page) is a type of fine art that has its roots in the distant past, but lives and flourishes in the present.

It would seem that there is no place left for artistic painting in the pragmatic 21st century, and it can now only be admired in museums. However, it is still Russia You can find thriving workshops that have preserved the ancient traditions of various artistic paintings and continue to amaze modern people with their skills.

Zhostovo

Origins Zhostovo painting date back to the early 19th century. At that time, in several neighboring villages of the former Troitskaya volost (now the Mytishchi district of the Moscow region), craft workshops arose that produced painted decorative items from papier-mâché, varnished. Artists painted boxes, cigarette cases, sugar bowls and metal trays. Gradually, the number of trays produced increased, thereby displacing other products.
The main motifs of the painting are flower bouquets. At the beginning of the 20th century, with the advent of Soviet power, villages were united into the “Metal Tray” artel, and the masters had a hard time when new subjects for drawing were imposed on them, dictated by the then trends of realism. However, the artists managed to preserve their originality, and Zhostovo trays moved from the category of household items into decorative panels, which are valued not only in Russia, but also abroad.

Khokhloma

Khokhloma originated in the 17th century in the vicinity of Nizhny Novgorod. The name of the craft comes from the village of Khokhloma, where finished products were brought from nearby villages. The founders of this wood painting are called the Old Believers who fled the new church way of life. It was they who owned the secrets of “golden” painting on dishes.
By the way, the basis of the painting is not golden, but silver tin powder. A special composition is applied on top of it, then it is subjected to heat treatment, and only then they begin to paint. The main motifs of Khokhloma are bunches of rowan berries, berries, leaves and flowers.

Gzhel

Gzhel called the calling card of Russia in the field of applied crafts. It is believed that Gzhel dates back to the 14th century. Some argue that the name comes from the Gzhelka (Gzholka) River, on which stood the village where the craftsmen lived. Others believe that “Gzhel” is a paraphrased word “Zhgel”, i.e. firing of ceramics. 60 km from Moscow there is the “Gzhel Bush”, which consists of 27 villages where they engage in firing and painting of ceramic products. They were painted with cobalt blue in two ways: overglaze and underglaze. First, the design was applied to wet clay, and then again to glaze. The Gzhel pottery industry flourished, because the rich used silverware, and the common people used coarse earthenware of various sizes. Over time, Gzhel became accessible to all segments of the population, but it did not lose its beauty and relevance.

Fedoskino

The village of Fedoskino (Moscow region) is famous for varnish painting. In the 18th century, near the village there was a Lukutinskaya factory producing lacquer visors for hats. Then she changed direction, and 80 civilian workers began painting products made of papier-mâché and wood with varnish. The amazing glow and shine of boxes and other miniatures was achieved by “through-writing.” This was the name of the technique when, before the actual drawing itself, a thin layer of gold leaf and mother-of-pearl was applied to the surface. The most popular subjects for drawing are related to the life of ordinary people.

Mezen painting

Like many other folk crafts, Mezen painting received its name from the area in which it developed - in this case, from the name of the Mezen River, located in the Arkhangelsk region. The technique in which the craftsmen work dates back to the ancient Slavic tribes. The main ornaments are rhombuses, crosses, solar disks, repeated in a certain sequence.
In Mezen wood painting, only two colors dominate - black (soot) and reddish (ochre). They mainly apply ornaments to household items: boxes, spinning wheels, ladles. After painting the utensils, drying oil is applied to it, which protects the design from erasing and gives it additional shine.
Many contemporary artists continue to practice ancient crafts, while adding something of their own. So the artist from Izhevsk

Wood painting- This is one of the oldest types of decorative and applied arts and folk crafts. Since ancient times, decorating various wooden products with color painting has been highly valued, and every home certainly had several painted boards or plates. Today, interest in wood painting is being revived, so let's figure out what makes it special?

Almost everything that surrounds us can be decorated with wood painting. This could be dishes, various home accessories, boxes, vases, combs, bracelets, beads, earrings, toys. You can also paint wooden furniture and wooden sculptures. Each master has his own approach to painting on wood. But among the variety of paintings, there is a certain sequence in their implementation. This includes preparing the surface of the wood, applying a protective coating, applying a primer, actually painting on wood, and securing the painting. Let's take a closer look at each of these stages.

Preparing a wooden product before painting begins with grinding (“sanding”) the surface to be painted. Sanding is necessary so that in the future the coloring pigments will better “adhere” to the wood and the painting will be more durable. Typically used for grinding

at least 2 types of sandpaper: first with a coarser grain, and then with a finer one. Sanding is always carried out in the direction along the grain of the wood.

The next stage is This is the application of a protective coating onto the surface of the wood. As a rule, such a coating is stained: alcohol, water, oil. Stain helps the wood to store better. The stain should be applied to the surface of the wooden product in accordance with the instructions specified by the manufacturer. After applying the protective coating, begin priming the surface of the wood. The primer ensures a more uniform application of paint during painting. Primer

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the composition is applied to the product either with a wide flat brush, or, if the surface is large enough, with a roller. Finally, it’s time to do the actual painting.

It is best to use modern acrylic paints for painting.: they are bright, durable, and have many shades. Oil paints are also suitable for painting on wood, but they dry more slowly and are less varied. And beginners can use artistic gouache when performing their first works.

Wood painting techniques are very diverse. At the same time, there are both folk techniques that have been used for centuries (Volkhov, Severodvinsk, Khokhloma, Gorodets painting), as well as individual ones, used by each master to his own taste. Gradually you can develop your own working style. “Gorodets painting” turned out to be the closest to me, as it is very soulful, warm and sincere, it’s not for nothing that it is called “the breath of wood through paints.”

When the product is painted, it is necessary to fix the drawing. To do this, the product is coated with varnish, most often acrylic. Furniture varnishes (nitro varnishes) or oil varnishes can also be used. The choice of varnish depends on what kind of product is being painted. For example, acrylic varnish can make wooden items slightly sticky when exposed to heat, so it is not advisable to coat wooden jewelry such as bracelets or beads with such varnish.

Wood painting- This is a very interesting and exciting hobby. Be creative, friends, put a piece of your soul into your products and it will delight you and your loved ones for many years!!!

Wooden decorative dishes came into use later than clay ones. Cups, bowls, scoops with strangely curved handles imitating the necks of birds, painted spoons, containers for storing berries, chests, boxes and other wooden household items in the Russian hut had ornaments, drawings or carvings. For each county or province there are characteristic features of the drawings that distinguish them from many others. Wood painting can be schematically divided into two main categories - floral ornaments and popular prints (landscapes and scenes of folk life).

Wood painting can be schematically divided into two main categories - floral patterns and popular prints.

Without further ado, the masters named the painting after the name of the city near which this style originated. The main colors of painting in Russian villages were black, red, and yellow. They are characteristic of ornamental techniques that appeared earlier than those that use more primary colors and their shades.

Features of Mezen painting

Mezen painting is characterized by images of deer and horses. They are drawn carefully, and the image of a person is drawn purely schematically. Each sign of the pattern has its own interpretation in this painting. To correctly draw a product drawing, you need to know what this or that image means. Not all of them can be organically combined in one picture.

Mezen painting is characterized by images of deer and horses

1. The movement of the sun across the sky is represented by red horses.
2. Heavenly mothers giving birth to everything on earth were depicted as deer.
3. Swans, ducks, geese symbolize the souls of deceased relatives, protecting and warning family members from evil, helping in difficult moments.
4. Christmas trees are a symbol of male power.
5. The tree of life was depicted with roots and spirals going into the underworld. By counting the diamonds on the trunk, you can judge how many clans a family unites. The top of the family tree is crowned with a sign of heavenly peace.

This painting originated before the baptism of Rus', which is clearly traceable to pagan symbolism. Spinning wheels and sketches with Mezen multi-layer painting can be seen in local history museums.

Gallery: wood painting (25 photos)

Severodvinsk painting: its features

Severodvinsk painting can be called international. Over time, its northern roots were mixed with motifs introduced by Old Believers, Poles, merchants and peasants seeking a better life from other regions who migrated to the north.

Severodvinsk painting can be called international

Severodvinsk painting can be recognized, despite the use of red, yellow and black colors in the design, by the following characteristic features:

• The tree of life, reminiscent of a strange flower, where two doves sit on the hemisphere crowning it. A gift made of wood with this motif was presented to newlyweds on their wedding day. This tree had one more leaf than the parents of the newly-made spouse.
• The drawings may contain mythical creatures - the Sirin bird, mermaids, griffins.
• Among the animals, Severodvinsk residents depicted a lion and a bear.
• The drawing is divided into three parts. In accordance with ideas about the structure of the world, it was divided into images of the underworld, earth, and celestial spheres.

In many respects, Severodvinsk painting is similar to Permogorsk, Rakul, and Boretsk painting.

Painting without religious overtones

Matryoshka dolls and wooden utensils are often decorated in the style of Polkhova-Maidan painting. It involves applying a simple floral design to wood. In this painting there are no specific rules in the combination of colors. The only thing that is required is to get a bright, joy-giving toy.

Suitable for decorating wooden 3D blocks and flat surfaces.

Petrichov painting consists of leaves, petals, and berries. This type of folk craft pleases with the brightness of its colors.

Elements of Polkhov painting are similar in application technique to Khokhloma painting. But there are no strict rules in the selection of colors and design elements in this artistic craft.

Khokhloma painting follows the generally accepted rules of Russian folk crafts - yellow, black, and red colors are used. One of them is the background for the pattern, applied in stages with the other two colors.

Khokhloma painting is a classic. It uses only three colors, one of which is the background of the picture. This can be any of the colors used in Russian traditional painting. They are all contrasting to each other, which allows you to paint and create a 3D effect with the least effort. There are no halftones in this painting, only bright saturated colors.

Using the same brushstroke technique, with varying degrees of pressing the brush to the surface to be painted, you can recreate Gzhel painting. This type of painting differs from Khokhloma and Petrikovskaya in that the blue design is applied to a white surface. Perhaps, for a beginner, choosing one of these three paintings to start his creative journey is the easiest.

How to do dot painting of a box (video)

Paints for classical painting on wood

Classic painted boards, boxes, and household items, when properly selected and processed, do not change color when exposed to sunlight or water. Since ancient times, craftsmen have used tempera paint in their work. The most ancient recipe for making paint is also used by modern professional wood painters. The peculiarity of the composition is that the dye is ground on egg yolk. This component is the basis.

Since ancient times, craftsmen have used tempera paint in their work.

For some time in production they tried to replace tempera with easier-to-use and cheaper oil paints. This experiment was quickly abandoned due to characteristics such as color change when exposed to the sun. The radical black color, which should be a charcoal shade, changed under the influence of ultraviolet light. It acquired a green and sometimes yellow tone. Light colors, on the contrary, darken. The second disadvantage of oil dyes is their ability to crack and peel. Tempera has returned to folk art again.

Types of tempera paint

Characteristics of high-quality tempera:

• When working, it easily dissolves in water;
• It is homogeneous;
• Gives 100% coverage (pattern is not transparent);
• After drying, it is not possible to wash it off with water;
• The frozen layer does not crack, unlike oil and watercolor paints;
• When stored in a closed container, mold will not appear on it, it will not thicken and will not separate.

The composition of tempera is very simple, there are only two ingredients - an emulsion (base) and a dye. The process of making paint is quite labor-intensive. Tempera is made by hand; the base is laid out on a granite or marble surface, where it is combined with pigment. The dry color is rubbed into the adhesive or egg base with a chime - a crystal pestle. The process continues until the dye becomes uniform in color and texture.

Attention! Instead of a crystal chime, you can use a similar object made of hardwood or stone. It is contraindicated for paint ingredients to interact with metals.

Ready-made tempera paints

The name of modern tempera is consonant with the base on which it is made:

• Egg-based – industrially produced paint uses an artificial emulsion. It consists of an egg, vegetable oil, oil-based varnish or turpentine.
• Casein paint is made from a complex protein extracted primarily from animal milk. Casein emulsion contains oil and resins. The quality of this tempera is higher than that of egg tempera.
• Gum arabic is named for one type of adhesive base used in the manufacture of color-rich paint. This ingredient can be replaced with glue made from the resins of other fruit trees. In our latitudes, cherry glue is more often used.

Reference: Dextrin, a polysaccharide made from potato starch, is an intermediate stage between starch and glucose. Gum arabic means gum arabic, which is an air-hardened resin from acacia trees. Extracted from plants of southern latitudes.

The name of modern tempera is consonant with the base on which it is made

Artificial paint emulsions for beginning artists are divided into three main categories: PVA, wax-oil, and acrylic.

Which acrylic paints are best to choose for painting on wood?

It is better to apply acrylic paint to damp wood using the “Impasto” technique if you need to paint a large element of the design. But with undiluted acrylic it is difficult to make curls and elongated leaves in one touch, as required by folk craft. The effect of lightness and airiness of the floral motif depends on the degree of contact of the brush on different parts of the surface to be painted.

The matte emulsion serves as the base of the paint; pigments give it color. To paint drawings in a folk style, you will need acrylic with a high coating density. When dry, it should not become transparent. It follows from this that specialized paint is not suitable for applying designs to glass. As well as paint for puff pastry and painting on a fabric base. The only correct choice is to purchase paint for painting on wood.

How long does it take for a painting to dry?

The paint that is used to create the main background has the longest drying time. This is explained by the fact that it must create a perfectly even tone, that is, it is applied in a thicker layer than the drawing itself. It will take no more than an hour for the acrylic base applied to a surface moistened with water to dry. Approximately the same amount of time is required when applying tempera.

Small elements applied in a thin layer will dry almost instantly, more thorough strokes within 15-20 minutes. But this does not apply to paint that had to be diluted with water. The peculiarity of acrylic is that water makes the paint dry much faster.

It is necessary to work very quickly with acrylic that has come into contact with water. The more water used to thin the paint, the faster it will dry.

How to paint a wooden blank for a cutting board: a master class for beginners

Preparing the board involves soaking it in potato starch. It will hide all small defects of the board and provide a thin primer layer. This process can be simplified by covering the board with drying oil. When choosing northern motifs as an ornament, in which the tone is not used, you can use a light-colored stain as a primer.

You can paint a wooden block with gouache. This technique is also available for children.

1. Taking a sheet of drawing paper and selecting an area on it that corresponds in size to the one that needs to be covered with a design on the wood, you need to mark out the areas of the largest decorative elements. Outlining their location, as shown in the figure.
2. At the second stage, the image is detailed - drawing the contours.
3. Using transfer paper, the image is transferred to a prepared, low-fat board soaked in potato starch.
4. To prevent different colors from mixing, you can take a burning device and make small indentations along the contours. This outline will prevent the paint from mixing. When working with decorative acrylic paints, you can replace the burning process by applying the outline and thin elements directly through the thin tube dispenser.
5. After the outline that rises above the surface has dried, it must be filled with color.
6. The final stage of work will be coating the painted board with varnish. It is applied in 2-3 stages. Each subsequent layer rests on the thoroughly dried previous one.

Attention! The second coat of varnish will take twice as long to dry as the first, as it will dissolve the previously applied coating. The result is a monolithic, very durable varnish layer.

Simple patterns for beginners

Wood painting does not tolerate small details and winding lines. The uneven edges of the elements are reproduced by strokes with a semi-dry brush on a moistened surface.

The simplest, but quite impressive are drawings of rowan bunches, flowers with simple leaf shapes.

Wood painting does not tolerate small details and winding lines

The simplest petals to draw will gain volume when they are darkened in the middle. To do this, just make a few ray strokes. Berries are generally easy to draw. The three-dimensionality of the rowan bunches is given by the black dots of the ovary, randomly located on the image of the berries. When creating the center of a flower, this technique makes the design “convex.”

Small flowers are also simply drawn; they are schematically composed of approximately equal points. Small elements are placed on top of large ones, this gives volume to the picture. The symmetry of their location is not important. More attention needs to be paid to the distance between parallel long leaves.

In modern art, painting on wood with acrylic paints, gouache, oil and aniline dyes is widely used. In history, wood painting is an ancient folk craft. Wood has dominated everyday life for many centuries due to its availability and ease of processing. Before people learned to process metal, all furniture and kitchen utensils, chests, boxes, spinning wheels, not to mention doors, gates, and wooden shutters were made from wood. Along with carpentry and wood carving, special technologies for wood processing and ornamental painting of products developed.

Types of artistic painting

In the middle of the 20th century, types of wood painting moved from a craft form of art to an artistic one and are also studied in schools of fine arts. Different types of techniques are characterized by their unique and recognizable patterns, which have historically developed in step with the times and the evolution of paints and materials.

Nowadays, it is enough to use special wood paints and purchase wooden products, varnishes and strengthening agents for crafts. Many modern masters not only bring novelty to their work, but also continue the tradition of painting wooden products.

The first lessons for beginning artists consist of learning the principles of drawing of each type. Gorodets wood painting is characterized by floral patterns in bright colors, mainly on a yellow background, but nowadays less attention is paid to the background in this type of painting, since the design looks good on a clean wooden texture.

Elements of the drawing are made in several simple steps, shading with primary colors, shading with darker thin strokes and lightening with white or yellow paint.

Idealized images of birds, animals, in particular black horses, and trees are also used. In ancient times, Gorodets painting also depicted the peasant and merchant life of those times. The pictures below show an example.

Khokhloma painting, which exists in mass production to this day, has become the hallmark of Russia. This is not just painting, but a whole technology for the production of wooden products, the processing of which uses drying oil, clay, aluminum powder and varnish. As a result of multi-stage actions, the products first acquire a silver color, are painted mainly with black and red paints, and sometimes the leaves are painted green. At the end of the work, they are varnished, and the silver color becomes gilded. This painting technology came from icon painters.

Elements of Khokhloma painting are mainly dense vegetation, large flowers, curls, leaves, rowan berries, strawberries, there are decorative birds, roosters and swans, but the main symbol of Khokhloma is the firebird.

Also, this type of painting is divided into two types of techniques - top and background. Horse painting involves applying a pattern to the background, and background painting involves applying contours and applying a black or red background.

The Mezen painting depicts black and red ornaments, more reminiscent of cave rock paintings.

Gzhel painting also cannot be confused with other art, with its blue lush flowers on a white background.

In the modern art of wood painting, master artists use various techniques to create decorative styles and souvenir sets of dishes. Personally painted plates, candy bowls, salad bowls, and cutting boards are presented as gifts.

Preparing the tree

Painting on wood with acrylic paints is a simple task for experienced artists, since the material is expensive, although suitable for working with wood.

To start painting on a wooden surface, you need to take the finished product, which is sold as blanks for decoration, clean it with the finest sandpaper and prime the surface with the appropriate paint, after which you can start painting.

Some drawings require sketching with a simple pencil for beginners, which is in principle permissible. Any stages of applying varnish or paint require complete drying before continuing. At the end of the work, the product is coated with transparent varnish to fix the paint.

Video on the topic of the article