In a wide range of metalworking works, drilling is perhaps the simplest and most accessible operation for everyone. As a rule, in production, drilling work is carried out using various drilling machines.

Depending on the tasks performed, these can be the most common single-spindle units, or multifunctional multi-spindle machines with numerical control.

Homemade tabletop drilling machines

However, we will not be distracted by the description of all kinds of industrial drilling installations, especially since home handyman, for whom this article is intended, will hardly be interested in the subtleties of the design of a universal vertical drilling and boring machine. But the design of a simple homemade drilling machine, which can be assembled from scrap material at home, will interest every “handy” craftsman.

To perform drilling work at home, in most cases, it is enough to have a regular electric drill.

However, when performing work that requires great precision or drilling many small-diameter holes, which is especially important for radio amateurs in the manufacture printed circuit boards, you will need a drilling machine, since an electric drill will not provide the proper accuracy or quality of drilling.

Of course, today any specialized store sells many models of various machines, including drilling machines, intended for use in home workshops. However, their cost is considerable, and not everyone can afford such a purchase, especially since if you have certain skills and desire, you can make a simple drilling machine yourself.

The most common types of homemade drilling machines are:

• Drilling machines based on an electric drill
• Drilling machines based on an asynchronous motor from household electrical appliances

Let's consider in general outline manufacturing technology for each of these machines.

Drilling machine based on an electric drill

Due to their ease of manufacture, drilling machines based on an electric drill can most often be found in home workshops.

The weight of the electric drill is small, so for manufacturing vertical stand you don’t need any particularly durable materials; it can even be made from boards or chipboard.

The design of the drilling machine consists of 4 main elements:

1. Base (bed)
2. Vertical post or beam
3. Feed mechanism
4. Electric drill

The choice of the base of the machine, the bed, should be taken especially seriously. The more massive it is, the less vibration will be felt during operation. If your farm still has an old photographic enlarger for developing photographs, after a little modification it can be adapted as a base with a stand. If you don’t have anything that could be adapted as a frame with a stand, this element can be made from a furniture board with a thickness of at least 20 mm.

When attaching the stand to the frame, it is extremely important to obtain a right angle, since the accuracy and quality of drilling will depend on this. Two guides cut from metal strips should be attached to the stand using screws, along which the block to which the drill is attached moves up and down. The block should be made in such a way that the drill can be tightly clamped using metal clamps.

To reduce vibration, a rubber gasket can be installed between the body of the electric drill and the block. The vertical movement of the block with the drill is carried out using a lever. To ensure ease of operation, the feed mechanism should be equipped with a sufficiently powerful spring that could return the block with the drill to its original position. One end of the spring will rest against the block, and the other against a fixed beam, which should be installed on the rack.

If the drill will not be used autonomously, for greater convenience, you can disassemble its switch and install an on-off button directly on the frame.

Drilling machines based on asynchronous motor

In many home workshops there are various electric motors that have been preserved after the life of electrical appliances has expired. For the manufacture of a drilling machine, it would be most suitable asynchronous electric motor, which is installed on washing machines drum type.

It should be said that the design of such a machine is much more complicated than the above-considered design using an electric drill. Among other things, the motor from the washing machine is quite heavy, which creates increased vibration and requires the installation of a power rack.

To reduce vibration, you should place the engine as close to the stand as possible or choose a fairly weighty, powerful frame.

However, it should be taken into account that when the engine is located close to the rack, the design becomes significantly more complicated, since it becomes necessary to install pulleys with a belt drive. When assembling, you should, if possible, fit all the parts as accurately as possible, since the performance of the machine will depend on this.

To make the pulley structure you will need:

1. Hexagon
2. Steel clamp ring
3. Two bearings
4. Two pieces of thin tube, one with internal thread
5. Gear

The moving part of the mechanism can be made of a hexagon, a tube of the appropriate size, a clamping ring, bearings, a tube with a threaded internal thread to which the cartridge will be attached. The hexagon is an element of the transmission mechanism on which the pulley is placed.

To ensure a reliable connection with the hexagon, deep cuts are made at the ends of the tube. A compression ring and bearings are driven into the tube. It is necessary to ensure that the structural elements are attached to each other very tightly, otherwise the structure will begin to collapse from vibration.

To manufacture the machine's adjustment system, you will need a pipe with notches of the appropriate size and a gear, the teeth of which must freely penetrate into the notches on the pipe. In order not to make a mistake with the places of cuts on the pipe and their size, you should roll out plasticine on the pipe and move the gear along it. The length of the ladder pipe must correspond to the height to which it is necessary to raise the chuck with the drill. The axle with a hexagon is pressed into a pipe with slots.

The design described above is quite complicated to implement, and, let’s not lie, not everyone will be able to make it. Therefore, the easiest way is when making a machine with asynchronous motor, select a powerful steel frame and assemble the machine by analogy with a unit with an electric drill. True, in any case, it will not be possible to completely avoid vibration, and one cannot count on obtaining holes of a particularly precise size when using this unit.

Of course, this article only indicates general principles making homemade drilling machines, and it cannot serve as a guide to action. Therefore, before you begin assembling the machine, it is recommended that you familiarize yourself with the drawings of various designs.

In addition, radio amateurs, who, as a rule, drill extremely small diameter holes in printed circuit boards, are recommended to assemble these structures in miniature, replacing the electric drill with a microelectric motor. Together with a voltage regulator, the microelectric motor will allow you to obtain almost ideal holes. An example of the construction of such a machine can be seen in the photo below.

Drilling operations do not have any specific difficulties, and most often do not require additional equipment, with the exception of a simple drill. Therefore, at home drilling machine may be out of stock.

If you have a drilling machine made from a drill with your own hands, remain calm, because in this case some of the problems are solved by themselves.

Purpose and device

There are situations in which an electric drill or drill with manual drive cannot meet the required geometric characteristics of the holes being drilled. Very often, in amateur radio technical assignments there is a need to manufacture electronic boards, where, according to the drawing, a large number of holes with a small diameter need to be drilled.

It is extremely inconvenient to make holes with nominal diameters of about 0.3...0.8 mm using hand or electric drills, and there is also a high probability that the drill will simply burst.

Buying industrial drilling units is economically unwise. There is a need to manufacture homemade drilling equipment. Many people prefer mini-drilling machines; these mechanisms are quite simple units and have four components.

Homemade drilling machines are intended for making through and blind holes in semi-finished products, in particular, cutting from sheet metal plaques and cutting internal threads of various configurations. Drilling and milling machines have the ability to mill at various angles and/or grind workpieces.

To carry out the activities described above, countersinks, drills, taps and other technical tools are used. By using specialized equipment and optional tools, it becomes possible to cut holes with large diameters, make borings and carry out grinding in a precise manner.

Operating principle of the machine

Before the drilling process due to homemade equipment, you need to hide everything unnecessary from the table. The workpiece with pre-designated centers for future holes must be secured in a vice. Next, a drill of the required parameters is inserted into the headstock and tightened with a special wrench. To check the correctness of the operations performed, the machine is turned on for a certain period of time.

If the drill is positioned correctly, during rotation its end will not “write out” an ellipse or circle. If it stands with a certain distortion and its “beating” occurs, then the equipment must be disconnected from the power supply and the drill must be secured again, relying on technical instructions this unit. Next, turn the handle, move the drill down and fix the clamps with the semi-finished product being processed so that the core coincides with the end of the drill.

Connect the equipment and perform the necessary technical operations, operate the feed handle smoothly, without significant use of force or jerking. When executing through holes Place the workpiece on a wooden beam so that the working element does not burst and the table of your mechanism does not deteriorate.

When drilling deep holes, periodically remove the working element from the work area, thus cooling it. It is also recommended to dip it in a container with coolant. The clamping force of the handle at the end of the drilling operation must be reduced. Having completed everything necessary, smoothly turn the feed handle up and turn off the equipment from electrical supply.

Drawings

Drilling machine from a drill: step-by-step instructions

You will not need improvised semi-finished products with high tensile strength or any specialized tools. A mini-machine for performing drilling operations has only 4 fundamental components:

The stand is usually made using simple chipboard or from planed boards, because the mass of such a unit is insignificant and does not require the use of more reinforced materials.

It is best to design the bed as massive. This will eliminate the occurrence of any vibrations during drilling, and, consequently, the most convenient working process.

Parameters of quality and accuracy of drilling operations on homemade cars directly depend on the correct articulation of the base and the guide. This means that this “piece” of work must be approached with maximum responsibility.

The block itself must be made so that the electric drill is securely fixed.
The drive mechanism of drilling equipment from a drill has the design of a simple lever that moves the block along a vertical axis.

If you want to achieve maximum comfort at work and have no plans to periodically dismantle the electric drill, we recommend disassembling its switch.

Video: DIY drilling machine from a drill.

“From the master class presented by the author, you will learn how to make a drilling machine from a drill yourself for your workshop. What craftsman doesn't dream of owning his own drill press? But you know what the prices for factory machines are) So, to get your own. the author made it himself. In principle, there is nothing difficult to manufacture for a technical person. First, the base is made from 3 mm sheet steel, 2 corners are welded onto the edges of the plate, and 4 legs from a steel bar are welded on the edges, the main thing is that the length of the legs is the same so that there are no distortions. Afterwards, a 500 mm long lifting column is welded onto the prepared base, along which the slider with the drill attached to it will be raised and lowered through a bracket and clamp. The lifting mechanism is also quite simple, 2 brackets are welded onto the slider that hold the rotating shaft, and a cable is wound onto the shaft itself in several turns and pulled from the bottom to the top of the lifting column.

Again having made this machine with your own hands, you can save a lot of money, which will have a beneficial effect on the family budget)

So, let's look at what exactly is needed to assemble the machine? We will also analyze the entire step-by-step process.

Materials

1. drill
2. cable
3. metal corner
4. professional pipe square section
5. workpiece vice
6. bolts, nuts, washers, engravers
7. metal sheet 3 mm
8. fittings
9. dye
10. clamp

Tools

1. drill
2. welding machine
3. grinder (angle grinder)
4. emery
5. file
6. sandpaper
7. brush
8. calipers
9. ruler
10. hammer
11. tap, die

Step-by-step guide to assembling a drill press

And so, before you start assembling the machine itself, you need to look at the drawing, but unfortunately it shows a slightly different design, a spring type, but the principle remains essentially the same.

Next, you need to prepare and cut the base from 3 mm metal. Corners and legs are welded along the edges, which can be adjusted, namely, the thread is welded first, and then the bolt is screwed in. The slider is made of 2 corners welded into a pipe; to begin with, the corners are applied to a square section corrugated pipe and tightened using a clamp. It gets stuck at the edges and then scalds. This is what happens in the end. A lifting column with a height of 500 mm is made from professional pipe. Brackets with a rotating shaft for installing the cable are welded onto the slider body. The drilled hole is threaded.
3 handles are prepared from the fittings for the lifting mechanism.
There is a head like this on the shaft; the handles themselves will be welded onto it. This is exactly what happens. It is strung on the column rod. A loop is made on the cable. The cable is tensioned and several turns are made onto the shaft of the lifting mechanism. Next, the cable should be tightened. After which the author makes a bracket for attaching the drill. He welds this design onto the corner. For convenience, it is tightened with a clamp.
Installs a clamp for attaching the drill. Clamps the drill with a clamp. Checks the functionality of the lifting mechanism. The units should first be lubricated with grease. Next, to secure the workpiece in a stationary position, a vice like this was screwed on.
Painting done. Threads are cut on the handles of the lifting mechanism. The machine drills a hole in the wooden head. Screws onto the handle of the mechanism. There is also a stopper on the side for fixation. This is such a wonderful and budget-friendly machine that the author came up with. Everything is brilliantly simple and very reliable, Master Golden Hands!

Thank you very much for your attention!

IN modern production the use of various machines has become so popular that now not a single decent workshop can do without this equipment.

Indeed, a mini CNC drilling machine allows a person to carry out work that he can complete on his own, if he can, then with a huge amount of time.

This applies to the processing of metals, wood and other dense materials, which are quite difficult to use without specialized equipment. Another big advantage of the machines is that making a drilling machine with your own hands is not difficult.

If desired, a person with basic mechanical skills can assemble a homemade drilling machine in a couple of days. It is the assembly of homemade drilling machines that will now be discussed in this article.

1 Features and purpose

Drilling machines are used extremely widely in industry. In fact, it was their invention that became a real revolution in the world of industrialists who wanted to quickly increase production rates.

Indeed, the presence of machines in production is a real benefit. A high-quality drilling and grooving unit is capable of performing work with amazing accuracy, while reducing the requirements for the initial skills of the person who uses it in the work.

This phenomenon can be explained very easily. Let's imagine that you need to create a metal plate with ten holes on it.

The holes must be different diameters. From the smallest to the largest. The plate has a thickness of 3-5 mm. That is, to work on metal you will have to use a fairly powerful drill.

Note that large drills are used with large tools; such drills are usually quite heavy. It will be difficult for an unprepared person to even hold them in their hands. Not to mention performing more or less lengthy work.

In addition, it is worth understanding that You will be required to have filigree precision, after all, this part is just part of a larger mechanism.

One small mistake, and the entire structure can become completely unusable. This is especially true for machines for drilling printed circuit boards. When processing boards, the accuracy of their marking is determined by tenths of a millimeter.

If you give a person everything necessary equipment, then even with experience he will tinker with the plate for no less than a couple of hours. When drilling boards, this time investment can double.

And this is only if you have work experience and relevant skills. If it is not there, then it can, without exaggeration, take a whole day to prepare just one plate. If you use a mini machine in your work, then the work time is reduced several times. Everything is already recorded on it necessary tool. The drill is stabilized and clearly guided.

All you have to do is install the plate correctly on the coordinate table, start the motor and drill a hole. Then change the position of the part and continue working using the same technology. As you can see, production productivity is reaching a whole new level.

1.1 Machine components

Now let's turn directly to the components of the machine. After all, if you are interested in the question of how drilling machines are made or how to make a drilling machine with your own hands, then first of all you need to understand the parts that will be used when assembling it.

Fortunately, a DIY mini benchtop drill consists of a few basic parts. The design of the drilling machine determines the quality of the device itself, but everything here depends on many factors.

So, drilling machines consist of:

• bed or base;
• securing rail or frame;
• mechanism for adjusting the position of the device;
• fastenings for the working mechanism;
• a motor or mechanism that directly performs drilling;
• adapters, collets and other similar materials;
• all kinds of handles, stabilizing legs and other additional parts that are used to improve the design of the device.

It's worth noting that it doesn't really matter whether you're looking at a benchtop PCB drilling machine or a standard stationary drill press.

Of course you would you will use various details for assembly homemade drilling machine, however general scheme and the device of the drilling machine will remain the same. The difference will only be in specific details and their dimensions.

For example, a homemade desktop unit for drilling mini-boards for electronics will be mounted on a shallow frame. In most cases, you don't even need a cabinet. It will be enough to take a large, heavy rail, which in weight will be at least half of the design of the device for drilling circuit boards.

Also when developing mini boards you will need a much simpler and smaller engine, since drilling mini-boards requires more detailed work, where power is not a priority.

1.2 Selection of parts for assembly

First of all, always pay attention to the bed or base. The base for an impressive machine must be very strong and stable. For such purposes, it is necessary to use a table with good supports, special stands, an attachment from a photo enlarger, etc. Even a cabinet will do required sizes and dimensions, but it’s up to you to decide.

If we are considering a tabletop sample, then the coordinate table will act as the first base on which the tabletop drilling machine itself is already installed. In this case, the frame can be made from a metal plate or something similar.

Interestingly, some craftsmen manage to assemble a table or machine bed even from ancient parts of a photographic enlarger. That is, a wide variety of parts can be used for production.

The main thing is that the table or stand on which the device is mounted is extremely stable and does not vibrate during operation.

You can make the mounting frame yourself. The same applies to the fastening for the working mechanism. Here you can use a metal corner with drilled holes or something similar.

The corner is attached to the table with screws or welded to the frame. They install it there lifting mechanism. It is made from an old jack, shock-absorbing pipes, sliding rails and other similar mechanisms.

The engine will need to be quite powerful to operate, so you will have to go through several options. Moreover, the table and base of the machine must easily support its weight and dampen vibrations during operation.

An asynchronous engine from washing machine or something similar. You can use the engine from the drill or the drill itself.

2 Scheme of creating a machine

If we consider only the simplest equipment models, which you can quickly assemble with your own hands. Then the standard drilling equipment assembly diagram is best suited for these purposes.

However, we note right away that there are two main technologies for its assembly. The first is simpler, it involves using a ready-made drill, which is simply screwed to the mounts.

The second one is quite difficult option, and it consists of assembling a machine from a separate engine, collets, guides, etc.

Stages of work:

1. We assemble the table and base for the mini machine, and fix the frame.
2. We install the main stabilizing frame.
3. We connect the mount for the engine.
4. We are in the process of installing a lifting mechanism.
5. If necessary, we install springs and shock absorbers.
6. We mount the working element of the machine.
7. We connect all the contacts and install the drill.

When assembling a machine from a finished drill, your work will be easier. All you have to do is create a strong frame with the ability to raise and lower the drilling mechanism, to which you can then connect the drill.

There is no need to tinker with power supplies and engine assembly here. You just need to securely secure the tool and connect it to electricity.

Assembly of the engine already involves the installation of a power supply, a converter and, if the engine has an indirect transmission of forces, the mechanisms that transmit them.

Therefore, to prepare the second option you will have to spend more time, effort and energy. And certain engineering skills will also not be superfluous.

2.1 Homemade drilling machine from a conventional drill (video)

Drilling machine you can make it yourself at home from ordinary electric drill or steering rack.

Mini machines in amateur radio workshops homemade are found most often for the reason that it is expensive to buy industrial units, but making a device with your own hands is not difficult.

The idea of ​​how to make a drilling machine (including using a steering rack) occurs not only to radio amateurs, but also to people who from time to time need to perform repair work in everyday life.

At the same time, the manufacture of a micro-assembly does not require special devices or high-strength materials.

On initial stage It is necessary to create drawings to facilitate the manufacturing process of the machine.

Drilling unit from a drill

You can assemble an additive mini drilling machine from a drill with your own hands using only four main components. The first thing you need to do to create filler machine- this is to choose a bed - the basis for the future.

An electric drill can be used as the rotation mechanism that is necessary for the mini additive machine to function. Then you need to decide on the feeder and vertical stand.

Since the drill is light in weight, you don’t need to look for special tools or very durable materials for the stand, you can take wooden boards or chipboard board.

For the frame, on the contrary, it is necessary to select a more massive material, which will eliminate the occurrence of vibration during drilling work.

A suitable material in this case is a furniture board with a thickness of 2 cm.

The best option when choosing a material for making a frame may be the stand of an unnecessary photo enlarger, but its design will have to be slightly modified.

The accuracy of the drilling process on a homemade mini unit will depend on the quality of the connection between the vertical stand and the frame.

It is necessary to cut two guide strips from steel strips to move the block with the drill. Attach these devices to the stand with screws.

To securely hold the drill during the manufacture of the block, steel clamps are used.

A rubber gasket is placed between the drill and the block to reduce vibration of the mini drilling machine.

The feed mechanism of the machine is a simple lever with which the block with the drill will move vertically. The mechanical device is equipped with a spring that is quite powerful and elastic.

One end of the spring element will rest against the block, the other - against the beam attached to the table.

Achieving the most convenient use of a mini drilling machine, provided that the drill is not planned to be removed from it periodically, will allow full analysis drill switch and mounting a separate switch on the frame.

You can consider in detail how to make an additive tabletop drilling unit using an electric drill in the proposed video.

Steering rack for drilling machine

The drilling machine can be done using an upgraded steering rack. Since buying a new steering rack will not be cheap, it is recommended to purchase a used part, preferably from a VAZ 2108.

After purchasing a steering rack, it is necessary to carry out preventive repairs of the part in order to ensure its smooth operation.

Instructions for manufacturing the frame and its installation:

• The machine body is made taking into account the dimensions of the drill and column. The table on which the platform with drilling parts will be fixed must have suitable dimensions, approximately 20x30 cm;
• The structure with which the drill will be secured is mounted on the steering part at the locations of the mounting bolts;
• The stand for the drilling machine is made of U-shaped steel profile 30x60x30. It is welded to a sheet of metal 2 mm thick. The stand should have a height that exceeds the length of the column by 6-7 cm. The stroke of the rod for the steering rack from the VAZ 2108 is 210 mm;
• By mounting additional ribs between the two elements, the rigidity of the rack is increased.

For comfortable use of the drilling machine, it is recommended to consider convenient system its startup and shutdown.

Thematic video material will complement the topic.

PCB Drilling Machine

To assemble a micro drilling machine for printed circuit boards, you will need the following parts:

• micro motor or high speed motor;
• clamping collet for securing miniature drills;
• two wooden beams, U-shaped profile, fastening ring for fixing the electric motor;
• mobile platform of the machine for printed circuit boards - made independently from scrap materials.

When assembling a desktop micro drilling machine for printed circuit boards, it is recommended to pay attention to the fact that the drill drops exactly perpendicular to the board.

The video below shows a mini drilling machine for printed circuit boards.

If the motor is skewed, then when drilling printed circuit boards, the drills will fail. Clearance and poor fixation of the motor are not allowed; at high speeds it can be knocked out of the frame.

Video material will tell you how to make a micro machine with your own hands for drilling circuit boards.

Design of the coordinate table

If in a homemade drilling machine the functions coordinate table performs the feed mechanism, then the coordinate milling table has a different design.

A coordinate milling table is a manipulator consisting of a certain number of axes. The milling table is designed to move the processing head in several planes.

You can make a milling table at home using modules linear type, made of aluminum profile.

A gear rack, a reinforced belt or a ball screw element is used as a transmission.

Computer numerical control (CNC) and action controllers are required to control the X-ray table. Controllers are used to manage technical tasks.

To make a milling table, first drawings are made, calculations are made and components are selected.

In this case, the calculation made must be suitable for technical requirements to the use of the machine, including moving masses, speed, acceleration and positioning accuracy.

The design of the coordinate table can be lightweight or reinforced, and be two or three coordinate. That is why it is recommended to initially decide why a milling table will be needed.

Two-coordinate table - base with a movable cross. A desktop is mounted on it. The crosspiece must contain hardened, adjustable and ground slats.

Travel stops are also installed to eliminate clearance. The base is fixed on the legs.

More details about making a coordinate table with your own hands can be found in the video provided.

Homemade vices for machines

If you can’t afford a Soviet vice, and you don’t like Chinese products, then in addition to a drilling machine, you can make a vice with your own hands.

To assemble a homemade vice, you need to have the following parts on hand:

• screw – thread 20 mm, length – 150 mm, the head of the screw must have a slot, as sometimes it does not fit the size of the handles, but it is expanded with a file;
• a screw with a ring is used as a handle for tightening;
• studs can be purchased at the store or found in old parts;
• then you need to make a stationary sponge, possibly from pine wood, and nail the board to the tabletop;
• To make the movable part, you will need a board (20 mm thick, 18 mm wide), the length of the movable jaws must be at least 50 cm.

Holes with a diameter of 21 mm are made in the wood. The diameter of the holes in the studs should be 10 mm. Studs, screws, nuts and bolts are installed in the finished holes.

If the vice will be used to work with short workpieces, then the studs in the structure will be rearranged.

The vice is equipped with additional holes, which should be located near the clamping screws.

Homemade vices can have different parameters, it all depends on the selected parts.