It is only taken by those who have made this choice on their own. Successfully passing the Unified State Examination in history is necessary when applying to such popular specialties as law, linguistics, design, architecture and many others.
Review general information about the exam before you begin your preparation. The 2019 version of the KIM Unified State Exam has not changed compared to last year’s versions. For correct completion of tasks 3 and 8 they now give 2 points instead of 1. For assignment 25, the wording and assessment criteria have changed.
Unified State Examination
A decree from Rosobrnadzor has already appeared, which officially established the correspondence of primary and test scores in all subjects for 2019.
According to the order, in order to pass the Unified State Exam in history with at least a C, you need to score 9 primary points. To score them, it is enough to complete the first 6 tasks correctly or write a good essay (No. 25), which, if all criteria are met, will give 11 points. To get an A you need to score 39-55 primary points.
Structure of the Unified State Exam
In 2019, the Unified State Exam test in history consists of two parts, including 25 tasks.
- Part 1: 19 tasks (1–19) for choosing the correct answer, establishing correspondences, determining sequences or writing the correct answer (word, phrase, title, name, century, year, etc.);
- Part 2: 6 tasks (20–25) with a detailed answer, in which you need to analyze a given fragment of a historical source, a historical problem, historical assessments and points of view; the last task is a historical essay that can be written on one of three periods of Russian history.
Preparation for the Unified State Exam
- Pass Unified State Exam tests online for free without registration and SMS. The tests presented are identical in complexity and structure to the actual exams conducted in the corresponding years.
- Download demo versions of the Unified State Exam in history, which will allow you to better prepare for the exam and pass it easier. All proposed tests have been developed and approved for preparation for the Unified State Exam by the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI). All official versions of the Unified State Exam are developed in the same FIPI.
The tasks you will see most likely will not appear on the exam, but there will be tasks similar to the demo ones on the same topic.
General Unified State Examination figures
| Year | Minimum Unified State Examination score | Average score | Number of participants | Failed, % | Qty 100 points |
Duration- Exam length, min. |
| 2009 | 30 | |||||
| 2010 | 31 | 49,47 | 180 900 | 9 | 222 | 210 |
| 2011 | 30 | 51,2 | 129 354 | 9,4 | 208 | 210 |
| 2012 | 32 | 51,1 | 164 267 | 12,9 | 195 | 210 |
| 2013 | 32 | 54,8 | 164 219 | 11 | 500 | 210 |
| 2014 | 32 | 55,4 | 210 | |||
| 2015 | 32 | 45,3 | 210 | |||
| 2016 | 32 | 210 | ||||
| 2017 | 32 | 210 | ||||
| 2018 |
The start time of the Unified State Examination in all academic subjects is 10:00 a.m. local time.
Admission of Unified State Exam participants to the PPE is carried out from 09.00 local time.
Unified State Exam participants should not be late for the exam, since for such exam participants the duration of the exam is not extended and general instruction, including how to fill out the registration fields of Unified State Exam forms, is not provided.
When entering the PES, the Unified State Exam participant must present an identification document (hereinafter referred to as a passport).
If, for objective reasons, a student does not have a passport, he is admitted to the PPE only after written confirmation of his identity by an accompanying person from the school.
If a graduate of previous years and other categories of Unified State Exam participants do not have a passport, such Unified State Exam participants are not admitted to the PPE.
In the PPE, the Unified State Exam participant takes with him:
- pen;
- passport;
- medications and nutrition (if necessary);
- teaching and educational means (in mathematics, a ruler; in physics - a ruler and a non-programmable calculator; in chemistry - a non-programmable calculator; in geography - a ruler, protractor, non-programmable calculator);
- USE participants with disabilities, disabled children and disabled people - special technical means.
In the PPE, organizers outside the classroom assist Unified State Exam participants in moving around the PPE. The organizers inform the USE participants of the classroom numbers in accordance with the automated distribution and accompany the exam participants to the classrooms.
Organizers in the audience re-check the passport of the Unified State Exam participants and send the Unified State Exam participant to the workplace according to the automated distribution lists.
Take the place indicated by the organizer. Changing the workplace is not allowed.
When distributing sets of examination materials, all Unified State Exam participants must:
- listen carefully to the instructions given by the organizers in the classroom;
- pay attention to the integrity of the packaging of the safe package with electronic media and listen to information about the procedure for printing examination materials (hereinafter referred to as EM) in the classroom;
- receive printed complete sets of EM from the organizers. The USE participant's electronic document contains:
- black and white registration form (when conducting the oral part of the Unified State Exam in foreign languages, only the registration form for the oral exam is in the EM);
- black and white answer form No. 1;
- black and white one-sided answer form No. 2, sheet 1 (with the exception of the Unified State Examination in basic level mathematics);
- black and white one-sided answer form No. 2, sheet 2 (with the exception of the Unified State Examination in basic level mathematics);
- check sheet with information about the registration form number, CMM number and instructions for checking the kit for the participant.
Note. The written part of the Unified State Exam in foreign languages includes a “Listening” section, all tasks for which (instructions, texts, pauses) are completely recorded on audio media. The organizer must set up the playback of the recording in such a way that all participants in the Unified State Exam can hear it.
Receive drafts from the organizers, with the stamp of the educational organization at the base where the PPE is located (in the case of the Unified State Examination in foreign languages with the “Speaking” section included, drafts are not issued).
- Compare the unique CMM number on the CMM sheets and the CMM number indicated on the control sheet;
- compare the digital value of the barcode on the registration form with the value indicated on the control sheet;
- make sure the values in both pairs of numbers match. In case of a discrepancy, inform the organizers (who will replace the entire EV set);
- check the quality of the printed set (absence of white and dark stripes, the text is clearly readable and clearly printed, security marks located over the entire surface of the CMM sheet are clearly visible), and also check the correctness of the region code and PPE number in the response registration form. If any defect is detected, it is necessary to replace the entire EM set.
WHEN COMPLETING THE REGISTRATION FORM AND ANSWER FORMS, ALL USE PARTICIPANTS MUST:
Carefully listen to the instructions on how to fill out the registration area of registration forms, answer forms and how to work with exam materials;
Under the guidance of the organizers, fill out the registration form and registration areas of answer forms No. 1 and 2.
DURING THE EXAM, ALL USE PARTICIPANTS MUST:
After the organizers announce the start time of the examination work (the start and end times of the examination work are recorded on the board), proceed to the examination work.
Follow the instructions of the organizers.
During the exam, Unified State Examination participants are prohibited from:
- Have with you:
- notification of registration for exams,
- means of communication,
- electronic computer technology,
- photo, audio and video equipment,
- reference materials (except those permitted, which are contained in the KIM), written notes and other means of storing and transmitting information.
- Remove examination materials (hereinafter referred to as EM) from classrooms and PPE in paper and (or) electronic media.
- Remove writing materials, written notes and other means of storing and transmitting information from classrooms.
- Take photographs of EM.
- Talk to each other.
- Exchange any materials and items with other USE participants.
- Rewrite KIM assignments into drafts with the stamp of the educational organization of the Unified State Examination.
- Arbitrarily leave the classroom and move around the PPE without the accompaniment of the organizer outside the classroom
The examination work of such a Unified State Examination participant is not checked.
Unified State Exam participants can leave the classroom for a valid reason (to the toilet, to the medical room) only if accompanied by an organizer outside the classroom; the organizer in the classroom first checks the completeness of the exam materials left by the Unified State Exam participant.
If you have a complaint about the contents of the CMM, inform the organizer about it.
IMPORTANT: when writing down answers to assignments, DO NOT use the back of the forms. All records are kept ONLY on the front side (to record detailed answers, first on answer form No. 2, sheet 1, then on answer form No. 2, sheet 2, then on DBO No. 2). Entries on the back of the forms will not be checked, and the conflict commission will also not consider appeals regarding entries on the back of the forms as appeals on issues related to incorrect formatting of the examination paper.
If the Unified State Exam participant has completely filled out answer form No. 2, the organizer in the audience must:
- make sure that both sides of the answer form No. 2 are completely filled out, otherwise the answers entered in the additional answer form No. 2 will not be assessed;
- issue, at the request of a Unified State Examination participant, an additional answer form No. 2;
- fill out the top field in the additional answer form No. 2 (when issuing an additional answer form No. 2, in the “Additional answer form No. 2” field of the main answer form No. 2, enter the number of the issued additional answer form No. 2, and on the issued additional answer form No. 2, put the number sheet in the corresponding field of the form);
- record the number of additional answer forms No. 2 issued in the form PPE-05-02 “Protocol for conducting the Unified State Exam in the classroom” and write down the numbers of the additional answer forms No. 2 issued in the form PPE-12-03 “Statement of the use of additional answer forms No. 2”.
COMPLETION OF EXAMINATION WORK BY USE PARTICIPANTS
Unified State Examination participants who completed the examination work ahead of schedule may leave the PES. The organizer needs to accept all EM from them.
UPON COMPLETION OF EXAMINATION WORK BY USE PARTICIPANTS:
Unified State Exam participants put exam materials, including CMMs and drafts, on the edge of their desk. Organizers in the audience: collect examination materials from Unified State Exam participants, including CMMs and drafts.
Note. Organizers in the audience:
- Collected from Unified State Exam participants:
- Unified State Examination forms;
- drafts with the stamp of the educational organization on the basis of which the PES is located.
- Place the “Z” sign on the margins of one-sided answer forms No. 2, intended for recording detailed answers, but left blank (including on the reverse side), as well as in the issued additional one-sided answer forms No. 2.
- Fill out the protocol for conducting the Unified State Exam in the classroom.
- Unified State Exam forms are sealed in return delivery packages.
- In the center of view, the CCTV camera announces the end of the exam and loudly announces all the protocol data.
- They go to the PES Headquarters and hand over all materials to the head of the PES.
Unified State Exam 2017 changes associated with this final exam are one of the most relevant for many topics. After all, you must agree that every year graduates of grades 9 and 11 are faced with some innovations and changes, and sometimes not for the better. Currently, it is officially known that the country is expecting various reforms that will be associated not only with the political and economic sectors, but also with the education system, and, to be more precise, with the Unified State Exam.
What should you expect?
It is no secret that in the very near future the country will face serious changes and transformations related to the education system.
First of all, this will touch upon and address the issue related to passing the exam.
These are the kinds of changes and innovations that we should expect in the very near future. But you must admit, like everywhere else, any transformations have their pros and cons. Let's look at the promising advantages, since there are already enough disadvantages and disadvantages in this direction.
Advantages of new reforms.
- 1. All presented changes and innovations will be introduced into the school system not immediately, but gradually.
- 2. Based on the results of the reform, the vocational education system will receive good prospects for its further existence and development.
- 3.The certificate will depend entirely on the points the student scores on the Unified State Exam.
- 4. In the near future, compulsory subjects are expected to increase to 6, and, therefore, this gives students a greater opportunity for further enrollment and implementation of their plans.
- 5.Exams at each level of education, that is, after grades 4, 9 and 11, contribute to the development in students of such qualities as responsibility, discipline and order.
Duration of the Unified State Exam by subjects in 2017.
According to the regulations established and prescribed by law, each individual subject is prescribed and has its own specific time limit. It is worth saying that in some cases, the amount of time allotted for submitting items may differ by only 5-10 minutes. Although, at least 180 minutes should be allocated for each subject, but everything directly depends on the structure of the subject. For example, oral exams such as foreign languages, chemistry, biology, geography - no more than 3 hours are allocated and scheduled for passing them, but for mathematics, Russian, physics, computer science, literature - no less than 4 hours. To date, there is no information yet regarding how long the exam will last, so there is a fairly high probability that the amount of time allotted will remain the same as it was last year. Namely: 
- 1. Mathematics – 235 minutes.
- 2. Russian language – 210 minutes.
- 3. Social studies – 210 minutes.
- 4.Physics – 235 minutes.
- 5. History – 210 minutes.
- 6.Biology – 180 minutes.
- 7. Chemistry – 180 minutes.
- 8.Informatics – 235 minutes.
- 9.Literature – 235 minutes.
- 10.Geography – 180 minutes.
- 11.Foreign languages – 180 minutes.
As can be seen from the table presented, the difference is actually not entirely significant.
Passing scores in subjects.
Just like the time allotted for the subject, each of the declared disciplines has its own passing score, a minimum threshold. It is worth saying that this item of the Unified State Exam undergoes various changes every year. What should we expect in the new year in the main and most popular and frequently taken subjects?
- Firstly, the Russian language. Here the minimum threshold is 36 points.
- Secondly, mathematics. Regarding the profile course, the passing level is 27 points, but the basic level is 36.
- Thirdly, social studies – 42 points.
- Fourthly, English – 22 points.
- Fifthly, history. Here the minimum passing threshold is 32 points.
I would like to believe that the 2017 Unified State Exam changes will only be beneficial and will have a positive effect on the entire exam, because an exam is always a big responsibility, and constant innovations sometimes simply lead to confusion, and sometimes even distract graduates from more thorough preparation, since they do not you know what to expect.
In 2017, a new model of the KIM Unified State Examination in Biology was adopted, aimed at increasing the diversity of tested aspects of biological training of graduates.
Each version of the examination paper consists of two parts. The tasks in the variant are presented in continuous numbering mode. The structure of the examination paper has been optimized:
1.
The number of tasks in the examination paper has been reduced from 40 to 28.
2.
In Part 1, new types of tasks are proposed, which differ significantly in the types of educational actions: to fill in the missing elements of a diagram or table, to find errors in a drawing, to analyze and synthesize information, to analyze graphs and tables with statistical data.
3.
The maximum number of primary points has been slightly reduced: from 61 in 2016 to 59 in 2017.
4.
The time to complete the job has been increased from 180 to 210 minutes.
In Part 2, the number and types of tasks with detailed answers remained unchanged - 7 tasks.
Particular emphasis is placed on the formation of methods of activity: mastering methodological skills; application of knowledge in explaining biological processes and phenomena, mastering the skills to solve biological problems. Testing the skills of working with biological information is carried out through its presentation in various ways (in the form of texts, drawings, diagrams, tables, graphs, diagrams).
In 2017, it is planned to exclude all tasks with a choice of one answer from the Unified State Examination in Biology. This is explained by the presence of the following significant shortcomings in them: the uniformity of the form of presentation of the content being tested, the inability to create tasks of a problematic or creative nature; lack of capacity to test students' practical skills; difficulty in identifying true gaps in mastering the content among Unified State Examination participants. A significant disadvantage of tasks with a choice of one answer is also the presence of an element of chance, guessing the correct answer.
As a comparative analysis of the Unified State Examination results over the past two years has shown, the reduction in the number of tasks in the examination paper with the choice of one correct answer from 36 to 25 did not lead to a noticeable decrease in Unified State Examination results. The share of USE participants in biology who did not score the minimum number of points remains approximately at the same level, within the limits of statistically acceptable errors.
Significant modernization in the form and structure of the CMM required adjusting the approaches to constructing the examination paper and including tasks of a new format.
In Part 1 of the new format exam paper, only short-answer tasks have been retained, but their number has been increased, and in some cases the form of their presentation has been significantly changed compared to previous years. It is known that tasks with a short answer allow not only to test a larger volume of content of an academic subject, but most importantly, to provide for the assessment of general academic and subject skills (comparison, generalization, classification, systematization, explanation, solving educational and practical problems, etc.), which corresponds to modern trends in the development of general education.
Along with the preservation of existing tasks, new biological tasks appeared, and the range of tasks with drawings expanded.
As an example of a modernized task, we give task 3 (here and below are tasks from the project of the CMM demonstration version).
This is a computational biological problem. The task was created on the basis of tasks with a choice of one answer that are traditional for the KIM Unified State Exam in biology. In the new edition, the Unified State Exam participant, based on knowledge of genetic information and the chromosomal set of somatic and germ cells, independently carries out all the necessary calculations.
As an example of a task for working with a drawing, we give task 4.
The peculiarity of this task model is that the person being certified is asked to derive two of its characteristic features from a “blind” image of an object (there are no captions for the picture). Moreover, one of the signs given in the task tests knowledge of the morphology of the object, while the second tests knowledge of properties or functions. Such tasks test, in addition to the ability to work with visual information, knowledge in the field of the cell and its vital functions.
Along with well-known or modernized types of tasks, the examination paper includes completely new tasks that test the mastery of the conceptual apparatus by filling in gaps in diagrams, tables, working with graphs, tables, histograms, etc. All of them are aimed at strengthening the activity basis and making the examination work more practice-oriented.
As an example of such tasks, task 1 can serve.
This task allows you to test not only knowledge of the conceptual apparatus of the biology course, but also the ability to establish the subordination and hierarchy of terms (concepts), as well as their internal logical connection.
Let's consider examples of tasks (task 21) for working with information presented in graphical or tabular form, a task for analyzing research results.
It seems that with the help of such tasks it is possible to ensure that graduates have developed the foundations of a holistic scientific picture of the world and the ability to analyze, evaluate and generalize scientific information.
The new model of the KIM Unified State Exam is consistent with the existing model of the Unified State Exam 9 in biology. Certain types of tasks, which in a modernized form will be included in the KIM in 2017, have successfully passed many years of testing during the certification of students in basic general education programs and are available in the open bank of OGE tasks. They can become the basis for preparing students for the Unified State Exam in biology in the coming academic year.
As an example of continuity, task 9 can serve.
In the OGE, with the help of such tasks, knowledge of the structure, life activity and significance of animal and plant organisms is tested. In the new model of the Unified State Exam KIM, bacteria and viruses will be added to these objects.
In general, in the exam model of the Unified State Exam 2017, the objects of control, as in previous years, are the knowledge and skills that form the invariant core of the content of the biology course in primary and secondary schools, its sections “Plants”, “Bacteria, fungi, lichens”, “Animals” ", "Man and his health", "General biology". These sections are presented in the Codifier in the form of seven content blocks and requirements for the level of training of graduates of educational organizations for the 2017 unified state exam in biology.
Preparation for the OGE and the Unified State Exam
Secondary general education
Line UMK Andreeva-Volobueva. History (10-11) (U)
Atlases and contour maps. History of Russia. Historical and cultural standard
UMK Kiseleva-Popov line. History of Russia (10-11)
Analysis of the Unified State Examination in History 2017
How to successfully pass the history exam? Of course, any person will say that you need to know history well, that is, know the basic historical facts, terms, remember dates, names of historical figures, understand the cause-and-effect relationships of events and phenomena, have a good understanding of the culture of our country in different periods of its development. Many schoolchildren perceive history as an endless collection of names and dates, and those who chose history as an exam subject are perceived as “eccentric nerds.”
In this article, my task is not to convince skeptics by telling and proving how interesting and fascinating the story is. I want to help those who decide to take the exam by showing the reasoning process when solving various tasks, which will make the exam less “scary.” In view of the fact that history is likely to become a mandatory subject for passing the Unified State Exam, the article will be useful to many schoolchildren. So let's get started.
Before us is a demo version of the 2017 Unified State Exam, compiled by FIPI. It contains 25 tasks, of which the first 19 require a short answer in the form of numbers or words, and the next 6 require a detailed answer.
How to pass the Unified State Exam and Unified State Exam with 100 points: secrets of teachers- Write down the term in question.
The main part of the territory of Russia, not included in the oprichnina by Ivan IV.
As is known, the period from 1565 to 1572. in the reign of Ivan the Terrible they call it the oprichnina. Historians do not have an agreed position on the essence and motives of the oprichnina, but there are no particular problems with describing it. Left in winter 1564 From Moscow, the Tsar finally announced the conditions for his return to the throne: unlimited power, including the right to trial the boyars, and the division of the country into the “oprichnina” under the control of the Tsar and the “Zemshchina” under the control of the Boyar Duma.
Answer: Zemshchina.
- Establish a correspondence between processes (phenomena, events) and facts related to these processes (phenomena, events): for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
In this task we need to compare a fact and a process. It’s better to start from facts, but since there are fewer facts than processes, we’ll start from the opposite.
A) The formation and development of the legislation of the Old Russian state is associated with the adoption of the “Russian Truth” in XI century Firstly, this is the first written set of laws in Rus' (this is the formation), and, secondly, the Old Russian state existed before the start of fragmentation in XIII century, which means that the remaining facts do not fit chronologically.
B) Reforms of the Chosen Rada were carried out at the beginning of the reign of Ivan IV the Terrible. One of the first innovations was the convening of the first Zemsky Sobor in 1549, called the Council of Reconciliation.
C) The policy of “enlightened absolutism”, that is, an unlimited monarchy, formally based on the rule of law and declaring the main goal to achieve the welfare of its subjects, is strongly associated with the reign of Catherine II. The convening of the Legislative Commission (it got its name because it had to adopt a new “code”, that is, a set of laws) took place in 1767 It was during the reign of Catherine II, who was confident that correct and modern laws would help the rapid development of the country.
D) The first revolutionary transformations of the Bolsheviks were the decrees “On Peace” and “On Land”, adopted at the Second Congress of Soviets in October 1917 after the overthrow of the Provisional Government. They allowed the Bolsheviks to gain widespread popular support.
- Establish a correspondence between fragments of historical sources and their brief characteristics: for each fragment indicated by a letter, select two corresponding characteristics indicated by numbers.
FRAGMENTS OF SOURCES
A) “The courts between which the Treaty of Paris was concluded... together with other sovereigns and powers allied to them... ordered their plenipotentiaries to draw up... one main treaty and to attach to it, as inseparable parts, all other provisions of the congress. ...The Duchy of Warsaw, with the exception of those regions and districts that are assigned a different purpose in the following articles, is forever annexed to the Russian Empire. By virtue of its constitution, it will be in inextricable connection with Russia and in the possession of His Majesty the All-Russian Emperor, his heirs and successors for eternity. His Imperial Majesty intends to bestow, at his discretion, the internal structure of this state, which is to be under special governance. His Majesty, in accordance with the custom and order existing in the discussion of his other titles, will add to them the title of Tsar (King) of Poland.” “His Royal Majesty of Sveia hereby cedes for himself and his descendants and heirs of the Sveia throne and the kingdom of Sveia to his royal majesty and his descendants and heirs of the Russian state into a completely unquestioned eternal concurrence and property in this war, through his royal majesty of arms from the crown of Sveia the conquered provinces : Livonia, Estland, Ingermanland and part of Karelia with the district of Vyborg County. ... Against the same, His Royal Majesty promises to return to His Royal Majesty and the Crown of Svea within 4 weeks after the exchange of ratifications on this peace treaty or earlier, if possible, ... the Grand Duchy of Finland ... "
CHARACTERISTICS
1) This agreement was signed in Berlin.
2) Under this agreement, Russia received access to the Baltic Sea.
3) This agreement was signed in Vienna.
4) A contemporary of the signing of this agreement was A.L. Ordin-Nashchokin.
5) This agreement was signed as a result of the Northern War.
6) In the territory annexed to Russia under this treaty, in the early 1830s. there was a powerful uprising.
The first fragment is part of the addition to the Treaty of Paris, which is mentioned in the text. The Treaty of Paris was concluded between the countries of the anti-French coalition and France in 1814 after Napoleon's first abdication. After this, the victorious powers left for a congress in Vienna decide the fate of Europe. They returned France to the old, pre-revolutionary borders, redrew the borders of Europe liberated from Napoleon. Russia received the Duchy of Warsaw, which did not want to come to terms with joining the Russian Empire and rebelled more than once. The first major uprising took place already in 1830-1831 gg.
The second fragment is part of the Nystadt Peace Treaty, concluded between Russia and Sweden after the end of Northern war in 1721. This can be understood by the mention of Livonia, Estland and Ingermanland - the Baltic lands that became part of Russia, which thus received access to the Baltic Sea.
Answer: - Which of the following is true of the New Economic Policy (1921–1928)? Choose three answers and write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) approval of private ownership of land
2) introduction of cost accounting at state enterprises
3) denationalization of heavy industry
4) the emergence of the credit and banking system and exchanges
5) abolition of the state monopoly of foreign trade
6) introduction of concessions
NEP - new economic policy was adopted at X Congress of the RCP(b) in 1921 This was the time when the active and large-scale phase of the Civil War ended with the victory of the Reds. For the Bolshevik leader V.I. Lenin, it became obvious that it was impossible to continue the mobilization policy of “war communism,” which made it possible to supply the army and industry with resources during the war, but was unacceptable for peacetime. It was necessary to move from forced labor and the official absence of commodity-money relations to normal economic relations. But the Soviet government could not completely move away from Marxist axioms in the economy: state ownership of land, large enterprises, state foreign trade monopoly, etc., so the changes were half-hearted. Self-financing was introduced at state enterprises, the credit and banking system, exchanges, and concessions were recreated.
Answer: 246.
- Fill in the gaps in these sentences using the list of missing elements below: for each sentence marked with a letter and containing a blank, select the number of the required element.
A) The ______________ conference of the Big Three took place in 1943.
B) One of the first rams in a night air battle was carried out by Soviet pilot ____________, who shot down an enemy bomber on the outskirts of Moscow.
B) During the Battle of Kursk, the largest tank battle took place at ________________.
Missing elements:
1) Yalta (Crimean)
2) N.F. Gastello
3) Prokhorovka station
4) Tehran
5) V.V. Talalikhin
6) Dubosekovo crossing
It is difficult to suggest any logic for solving this task. Here you need to know historical facts. Allied Conference on the Anti-Hitler Coalition in 1943 took place in Tehran(there is even a film “Tehran-43”). One of the first night rams was carried out by pilot V.V. Talalikhin did not die in it. Well, it’s a sin for a school graduate not to know about the battle near the village of Prokhorovka during the Battle of Kursk.
Answer: 453.
- Establish a correspondence between the events and the participants in these events: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
This task also requires knowledge of historical facts, fortunately they are quite well known. The Battle of the Ice is strongly associated with Alexander Nevsky. One of the main Russian commanders at the beginning of the Livonian War was Andrei Kurbsky, who fled from the disgrace of Ivan the Terrible to Lithuania. The closest ally of Peter I A.D. took part in the Battle of Poltava. Menshikov, Wrangel’s army in the Crimea was defeated by one of the most famous Red commanders, M. Frunze.
Answer: 4356.
- Read an excerpt from the memoirs and write the author's last name.
“I saw not only the uselessness, but also the harm of combining posts, and I even said: “Imagine my situation, I criticized Stalin for combining in one person two such responsible posts in the state and in the party, and now I myself...” I bring this question to the table. court of historians. My weakness took its toll, or maybe it was an inner worm that was undermining me, weakening my resistance. Even before I became Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Bulganin made a proposal to appoint me as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee as Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. Moreover, in the Presidium of the Central Committee, military issues, the army, and weapons related to my diocese. This happened without publication in the press and was decided purely internally, in case of war. The highest command staff within the armed forces was notified about this.”
The text must be read very carefully. The passages are chosen for a reason; there will definitely be a “beacon” in them. In this case we are talking about the post-Stalin period and a person who criticized Stalin while occupying a very high position. Already a clear hint at N.S. Khrushchev. Finally, we should be convinced by the name of the post he occupies - First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Starting with L.I. Brezhnev, the leader of the country was called the General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
Answer: Khrushchev.
Unified State Exam in Social Studies: analysis of tasks with a teacher - Fill in the blank cells of the table using the list of missing elements below: for each blank, indicated by a letter, select the number of the required element.
Missing elements:
1) adoption of the US Constitution
3) civil war in England
4) the end of the Hundred Years' War
5) annexation of Crimea to the Russian Empire
8) abolition of serfdom in Russia
9) speech by M. Luther with 95 theses, the beginning of the Reformation in Germany
In my opinion, this is one of the most difficult tasks. Knowledge of dates not only in domestic but also in foreign history is required. The only concession is that there are options to choose from and you just need to specify the age. XIX century in Russian history is, of course, the abolition of serfdom ( 1861 G.). Vladimir Monomakh ruled practically right before the fragmentation and this is the 12th century. ( 1113–1125). Annexation of Pskov ( 1510), along with Ryazan and Smolensk, to the Moscow Principality at the beginning of the 16th century. completed the process of forming a unified Russian state. Around the same time ( 1517 g.) in Germany, the priest Martin Luther published his “95 Theses”, which became the beginning of the Reformation. And at the end of the 18th century. ( 1783) The Russian Empire annexed Crimea, and in the British colonies in North America, after the revolution and war of liberation, the US Constitution was adopted ( 1787).
Answer: 862951.
- Read an excerpt from the military commander's telegram.
“Everyone was well aware that given the current situation and the actual leadership and direction of internal policy by irresponsible public organizations, as well as the enormous corrupting influence of these organizations on the mass of the army, it would not be possible to recreate the latter, but on the contrary, the army as such should collapse in two or three months. And then Russia will have to conclude a shameful separate peace, the consequences of which would be terrible for Russia. The government took half-measures, which, without correcting anything, only prolonged the agony, and, while saving the revolution, did not save Russia. Meanwhile, the gains of the revolution could only be saved by saving Russia, and for this, first of all, it was necessary to create a truly strong government and improve the health of the rear. General Kornilov presented a number of demands, the implementation of which was delayed. Under such conditions, General Kornilov, not
pursuing no personal ambitious plans and relying on the clearly expressed consciousness of the entire healthy part of society and the army, which demanded the speedy creation of a strong government to save the Motherland, and with it the gains of the revolution, I considered necessary more decisive measures that would ensure the establishment of order in the country...” Using passage and knowledge of history, choose three correct judgments from the list given.Write it down in the table numbers , under which they are indicated.
1) The events described in the telegram took place in 1916.
2) The government referred to in the telegram was called the SNK.
5) The Bolsheviks supported the actions of General Kornilov.
6) The “decisive measures” of General Kornilov, which were indicated in the telegram, were not implemented.
A huge number of conclusions can be drawn from this large and capacious text, so it is better to act by the method of elimination, analyzing the proposed options.
1) – no, the events described occurred in 1917 after the overthrow of the tsarist government, since the text talks about the management of politics by “irresponsible public organizations” (apparently, we are talking about the Provisional Government and the Soviets).
2) - no, SNK - the first Soviet government was created only in October 1917 at the Second Congress of Soviets, and judging by the text, at the time described, the “Kornilov rebellion” in August 1917 had not yet happened.
5) - no, the Bolsheviks did not support Kornilov, but opposed with all their might, since Kornilov directly threatened their existence.
6) - yes, the “decisive measures” of Kornilov, who marched with his troops to Petrograd, were not carried out. It was stopped by the joint forces of the Provisional Government and the Soviets.
Answer: 346.
Methodological assistance to history teachers
- Write the name of the commander-in-chief who carried out the campaign indicated by arrows on the diagram.
Before studying a map, you should carefully read its legend.
We see that the Russian principalities are highlighted separately. This means that we are talking about a period of specific fragmentation. Besieged cities are indicated. We read their names on the map: Kolomna, Moscow, Suzdal, etc. Let’s compare the data: who during the period of fragmentation en masse besieged Russian cities? Mongols. Who was their leader? Batu.
Answer: Dad.
- Write the name of the city indicated on the diagram by the number “1”.
We know that during Batu’s first campaign against Rus', he destroyed the cities of Vladimir-Suzdal Rus'. The capital, the city of Vladimir, was taken by storm in 1238 It is he who is indicated by number 1 on the map. The city of Suzdal, located not far from it in the north, also helps us determine this.
Answer: Vladimir.
- Indicate the name of the city, indicated by a number on the diagram, where a republican form of government existed during the period of this campaign.
IN XIII century., and it was then that Batu’s campaign took place; in almost all Russian principalities there was a monarchical form of government with minor differences. A republic was established in Novgorod and Pskov, where the townspeople elected their own officials. Number 2 on the map indicates Novgorod.
Answer: Novgorod.
- Which judgments related to the events indicated in the diagram are correct? Choose three judgments from the six proposed. Write down the numbers under which they are indicated in the table.
1) The conquerors invaded Rus' in winter.
2) None of the cities captured by the conquerors withstood the siege for more than one week.
3) Yam and Koporye were captured by the conquerors during the events indicated by arrows in the diagram.
4) One of the consequences of the events indicated in the diagram was the beginning of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
5) The conquerors, whose campaign is indicated by arrows in the diagram, invaded Rus' from the southeast.
6) The military leader whose campaign is indicated in the diagram is the founder of the state.
Working with judgments again.
- - that’s right, it was in winter that the Mongols preferred to attack, since they could not be afraid of muddy roads and use frozen rivers as roads.
- - incorrectly, Kozelsk withstood a 49-day siege, for which the Mughals called it the “evil city.”
- - wrong, Batu didn’t even reach them. And besides, these cities belonged to the Novgorod land, and Novgorod managed to buy off the defeat.
- – incorrect, fragmentation began more than 100 years before Batu’s campaign.
- – that’s right, precisely from the southeast, which is clear from the map.
- - that’s right, Batu founded the state of the Golden Horde, to which the Russian lands were subordinated.
Answer: 156.
- Establish a correspondence between cultural monuments and their brief characteristics: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Write down the selected numbers in the table under the corresponding letters.
Cultural issues are among the most difficult. Let's try to figure it out.
A) “The Tale of Igor’s Campaign” was written by an unknown author, and for some time was considered a falsification. It describes the unsuccessful campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod-Seversky against the Polovtsians in the 12th century.
B) “Domostroy” - a collection of teachings and rules for housekeeping, written by the priest Sylvester for the education of the young Tsar Ivan the Terrible, based on Novgorod instructive texts.
C) The painting “Boyaryna Morozova” was painted by Surikov. Boyarina Morozova is a real historical character, one of the leaders of the church schism of the 17th century.
D) The novel “Quiet Don” was written by Sholokhov, who received the Nobel Prize for it in 1966.
Answer: 4365.
Learning to work with atlases and contour maps on history
- Which judgments about this brand are correct? Choose two judgments from the five proposed. Write it down in the table numbers
, under which they are indicated.
1) The military leader depicted on the stamp was subjected to repression.
2) The military leader depicted on the stamp was born during the reign of Nicholas II in Russia.
3) The events depicted on the stamp with arrows took place during the First World War.
4) The military figure depicted on the stamp was a participant in the Great Patriotic War.
5) This stamp was issued during the leadership of the USSR N.S. Khrushchev.
In this task, it seems to me more convenient to find the correct judgments without wasting time on analyzing all the proposed ones. On the stamp we see the image of Marshal Tukhachevsky, who was shot in 1937 The date is also indicated on the stamp - 1963, dating back to the reign of N.S. Khrushchev.
Answer: 15.
- Which of the presented coins are dedicated to the anniversaries of events that occurred during the life of the military leader depicted on the stamp? Write down in your answer two digits
, with which these coins are designated.
So, the first coin is dedicated to the victory in the Great Patriotic War in 1945. By this time, Tukhachevsky was dead. The second coin was issued in honor of the 170th anniversary of Russian railways. The St. Petersburg – Tsarskoye Selo road was opened in 1837, when the executed marshal was not yet born. The third celebrates the 100th anniversary of Russian parliamentarism. Parliament (State Duma) was opened in 1906. Tukhachevsky was repressed at the age of 40, so he found the Duma. The USSR was created in 1922, which also dates back to the time of Tukhachevsky’s life.
Answer: 34.
- Indicate the decade in which the events mentioned in the resolution took place. Indicate the name of the political figure who was the leader of the country during the period when these events took place. Indicate the name of the period in the history of the USSR when this political figure was the leader of the country.
This question again requires us to read the text carefully. The concepts mentioned in it, such as: “cost accounting”, “Law on State Enterprise”, “cooperation”, “individual labor activity” and, most importantly, “perestroika”, allow us to determine the period - this 1980 – years. The state at that time was led by M.S. Gorbachev, and the period of his reign went down in history under the name "perestroika".
- What directions of the internal policy of the CPSU and the state are named in the resolution? Specify any three directions.
We read carefully and see that the text mentions: 1) introduction of new management methods, 2) education and health reforms, 3) expansion of housing construction.
- What is the result of the implementation of the party’s strategic course under consideration? Using historical knowledge, indicate at least two reasons that led to this outcome.
Despite the optimistic spirit that permeated the resolution of the party conference, things in the USSR were not so rosy. Convulsive and often poorly thought out attempts to reform the Soviet economy, which even in the party resolution was called “sliding towards crisis,” did not bring success. The result was an acute economic and socio-political crisis, ended with the collapse of the USSR.
The reasons for this large-scale phenomenon that has changed the world in many ways are still being debated at different levels. This issue has very strong political implications. The differences between modern political parties and movements are often based on attitudes towards the collapse of the USSR. But we will try to be as objective and impartial as possible.
1) By the end of the 1980s, the Soviet planned economy had exhausted the resources for its development; it was unable to adequately respond to the changing economic situation and compete on equal terms with the market economies of developed countries.
2) Despite the declared monolithic nature of Soviet society, which united peoples with different cultural and social traditions, separatist tendencies matured within the USSR, encouraged by the political elites of the union republics who wanted political independence.
Unified State Examination in History: reviewing assignments with the teacher
- Many cities of Ancient Rus' arose on the banks of rivers. Explain the advantages of this location of the city (give three explanations).
Riverside cities arose in many countries for similar reasons:
1) water is necessary for a person himself and for maintaining a settled economy (watering plants, watering livestock);
2) rivers in Rus' were of paramount importance for trade. It is not for nothing that the main Russian cities were located on the waterway “from the Varangians to the Greeks.”
3) a city located on the bank of a river has protection in the event of an attack from enemies on at least one side (strong walls will protect the other).
- In historical science, there are controversial issues on which different, often contradictory points of view are expressed. Below is one of the controversial points of view existing in historical science.
“The internal policy of Alexander III contributed to the progressive development of the social and economic spheres of public life.”
Using historical knowledge, give two arguments that can confirm this point of view, and two arguments that can refute it. Be sure to use historical facts when presenting your arguments.
Write your answer in the following form.
Arguments in support:
Arguments to refute:
The reign of Alexander III from the light hand of one St. Petersburg journalist of the late 19th century. began to be called a “period of counter-reforms”, with a negative connotation, but even some Soviet historians, despite a generally negative attitude towards Alexander III, recognized that certain measures of his domestic policy had a positive impact on the development of the socio-economic development of Russian society.
Arguments in support:
- Under Alexander III, active railway construction was carried out, including with public funds, which had a positive effect on the economic development of the country.
- The formation of labor legislation began, facilitating the working conditions of women and children.
Arguments to refute:
- An urban “counter-reform” was carried out, increasing the property qualification for voters, which limited the social base of self-government bodies.
- The institution of zemstvo chiefs was introduced, who had power over the peasant similar to the power of a landowner over a serf.
- You need to write a historical essay about ONE of the periods of Russian history:
The essay must:
– indicate at least two significant events (phenomena, processes) relating to a given period of history;
– name two historical figures whose activities are connected with the specified events (phenomena, processes), and, using knowledge of historical facts, characterize the roles of the personalities you named in these events (phenomena, processes);
– indicate at least two cause-and-effect relationships characterizing the causes of events (phenomena, processes) that occurred during a given period;
– using knowledge of historical facts and (or) opinions of historians, evaluate the impact of events (phenomena, processes) of a given period on the further history of Russia.
During the presentation, it is necessary to correctly use historical terms and concepts related to a given period.
To write the essay, I will choose the period from March 1801 to May 1812. - “the days of the Alexandrovs are a wonderful beginning,” as A.S. defined it. Pushkin in the poem “To the Censor”. This is the time from the accession to the throne of Alexander I and, almost, until the beginning of the Patriotic War of 1812.
It is not for nothing that the poet designated this era this way. The young emperor was full of ideas for reforming Russia in order to bring its standard of living closer to Western European countries. To do this, according to Alexander I, it was necessary, first of all, to limit the autocracy and destroy the shameful serfdom. And, if even his teacher with republican convictions, La Harpe, advised the tsar not to limit the autocracy, then the first step towards the abolition of serfdom was taken by the publication in 1803 of the decree “On Free Plowmen.” This decree, which became a compromise between the desire of Alexander I to completely abolish serfdom as far as possible and the fear of the indignation of the nobles, allowed landowners to release serfs with land and for ransom. Despite the small number of peasants liberated in this way, the significance of the decree is enormous. The Emperor demonstrated to society his attitude towards serfdom, and, in addition, some provisions of the “Decree” were implemented in the peasant reform of 1861.
The second person who determined the image of the era was M.M. Speransky. Coming from the family of a rural priest, thanks to his talents, he made a dizzying career, becoming, according to Emperor Alexander I, his right hand. In the first years of his reign, the Emperor had not yet given up the idea of reforming the archaic Russian state structure. Brilliantly educated and possessing an exceptionally deep mind, M.M. Speransky nurtured grandiose plans for transforming the Russian system of government: limiting autocracy by an elected legislative body - the State Duma, creating a State Council that united all branches of government, granting civil rights to the entire population, which, in fact, made the implementation of serfdom impossible. Only the creation of the State Council in 1810 came to fruition and only with legislative functions. Yielding to pressure from “high society,” who hated the upstart reformer and accused him of having connections with Napoleon, Alexander I, on the eve of the war of 1812, sent M.M. Speransky into exile. His mind and transformative plans turned out to be unclaimed at this time, and this slowed down the development of the statehood of our country. Many ideas of M.M. Speransky will be implemented, but only a century later and under the pressure of the first Russian revolution. There will be a State Duma and civil rights for the population, but it’s too late.
Place historical events in chronological order. Write down the numbers that indicate historical events in the correct sequence in the table.
1) Crimean War
2) reform of Patriarch Nikon
3) fall of the Byzantine Empire
To solve this task, we, of course, need to know the dates, but since this requires not a comparison, but a chronological sequence, it becomes a little easier. The Crimean War, also known as the Eastern War in European historiography, was fought in the middle of the 19th century. ( 1853–1856). The reform of Patriarch Nikon was carried out in 50s of the 17th century., and the fall of the Byzantine Empire happened after the capture of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453 As you can see, the events are widely separated in time, and it is not difficult to restore the chronology.
Answer: 321.
Establish a correspondence between events and years: for each position in the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
Here again there are dates, but it’s more complicated - you need to accurately correlate them with the event, and there are two more dates than events. However, the events are very well known, certainly for those who chose history for the Unified State Examination. The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle - 1147, Caribbean crisis - of course, Khrushchev and 1962, Battle of Borodino and Patriotic War 1812 known to anyone, the Copper Riot under the “Quiet” Tsar - 1662
Answer: 2643.
Below is a list of terms. All of them except two , relate to events (phenomena) of the 19th century.
1) free cultivators; 2) ministries; 3) Decembrists;
4) June 3rd coup; 5) justices of the peace; 6) Octobrists.
Find and write down serial numbers terms relating to another historical period.
And here are the terms! Free farmers appeared thanks to the decree of Alexander I 1803, ministries almost at the same time - in 1802, Decembrists began to be called participants in the December uprising 1825, the June Third coup is a sharp change in the law on elections to the State Duma, adopted by Nicholas II without the consent of the Duma itself in 1907, magistrates appeared in Russia as a result of judicial reform 1864, and Octobrists were the members of the Union of October 17 party, created in 1905 Accordingly, by the 19th century. does not include the June Third coup and the Octobrists.
Answer: 46.
From the resolution of the XIX All-Union Party Conference
“The 19th All-Union Party Conference... states: the strategic course developed by the party at the April Plenum of the Central Committee and the 27th Party Congress for a comprehensive and revolutionary renewal of Soviet society and the acceleration of its socio-economic development is being steadily implemented. The country’s slide into an economic and socio-political crisis has been stopped...
The process of improving the country's economy and its turn towards meeting the urgent needs of people has begun. New management methods are gaining momentum. In accordance with the Law on State Enterprises (Associations), associations and enterprises are being transferred to self-financing and self-sufficiency. The Law on Cooperation was developed, widely discussed and adopted. New, progressive forms of intra-industrial labor relations based on contracting and leasing, as well as individual labor activity, are coming into use. A restructuring of organizational management structures is underway, aimed at creating favorable conditions for the effective management of the primary links of the economy.
The work launched at the initiative of the party made it possible to resume the growth of real incomes of workers. Practical measures are being implemented to increase the production of food and consumer goods and expand housing construction. Education and health reforms are being implemented. Spiritual life becomes a powerful factor in the progress of the country. Significant work has been done to rethink the modern realities of world development, update and add dynamism to foreign policy. Thus, perestroika is entering deeper and deeper into the life of Soviet society and has an ever-increasing transformative effect on it.”
