The main idea of the story is that people are bitter. Analysis of the work review (Gorky Maxim). Other retellings and reviews for the reader's diary

1) Maxim Gorky is the literary pseudonym of Alexander Maksimovich Peshkov, who was also mentioned under the pseudonym Yehudiel Chlamida. Alexander Maksimovich Peshkov was born on the sixteenth of March one thousand eight hundred and sixty-eight in Nizhny Novgorod, later became a famous Russian writer, prose writer and playwright. Died on June fourteenth, nineteen thirty-six.

2) “In People” is one of the parts of Maxim Gorky’s autobiographical trilogy, which was written in nineteen sixteen. This story tells about the life of Maxim Gorky, starting from the age of eleven. At first it seems that the book is purely biographical, but if you start to delve into the essence of the work, you begin to mentally evaluate the heroes. Therefore, the title “In People” was not chosen in vain; it gives a hint that when reading this work one must first of all pay attention to the psychological portrait of each character that the author draws (describes).

3) aphorisms:

You can’t feed death with snacks, you can’t fool it, no

if you have character, the school educates you well

joyful life science is not hard for simple people

you have to feel sorry for people, everyone is unhappy, it’s difficult for everyone

Updated: 2014-07-24

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The work “Former People” was published in 1897. The basis for writing this essay was life situation, which forced young Gorky to live in a rooming house. The author conveys to the reader the lives of people " former people”, who are probably experiencing their last period in life and perhaps it will be the last.

In this work you cannot find the autobiography of the characters or individual moments from life. Here the author is trying not to let the reader know that he was present there. Gorky is not the hero of the work, neither a listener nor an eyewitness. If you compare the early work of Maxim Gorky, you can clearly see that “Former People” is more reality than romance.

The author, as before, gives preference to the image ordinary people, but the fact that it moves away from romance and resorts to reality has definitely positive aspects. After all, only truthfully can one convey to people the difference between strong and weaker people, as well as those who have fallen and are humiliated.

Earlier, Gorky focused the reader’s attention on the character’s character, his beauty, inner world, but in this work it’s the other way around. The author notices only the most bad traits character, emphasizes all the most vile in a person and this also applies to environment where the action takes place.

Having omitted all the romantic features, the author fully reveals the essence of the “Russian tramp”. Such a person is very weak and cannot change anything in his life. There is nothing in such people that can help them fight for better life, or they can only go and drink away what they have earned this day and return to a miserable existence again.

The author emphasizes that he still failed to fully convey the image of the “Russian tramp.” Gorky considers the most terrible thing about the fate of these people to be their complete indifference to what is happening, to their fate, to their present life. People deny their place on the so-called “bottom”, but at the same time they do not try to do anything for a better existence.

The author relies on the struggle of fallen people with their reality. Gorky revealed as truthfully as possible all the facets in the lives of “former people” who, most likely, will never return to normal life. The characters are not inclined to change in the other direction, for the better, until they are free, and a free person in the author’s concept is one who truthfully looks at what is happening and tries to overcome all troubles and obstacles.

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Among a series of countless chapters and events, it is sometimes difficult to single out the only thing for which the work was written. Not everyone fully understands that dialogues, characters and events, even though they are key factors in the narrative, cannot in themselves be the answer to the question: “What was this work about?”

This is especially true in the works of the famous Russian writer Maxim Gorkov; it is not for nothing that his stories and novellas are studied exclusively in high school. The story “In People” is no exception to this list.

Analysis of this work causes difficulties for many people, and sometimes it becomes very difficult for them to explain: “What, exactly, was this story about?”

The work “In People” itself, throughout all its chapters, tells about the fate of an early orphaned child who was forced to work “in people” all his childhood, far from home and family. Every now and then he had to do the dirtiest and most difficult work in order to somehow feed himself.

He saw a lot of dirt and injustice in the world on his way, and only the books that he read in rare moments of leisure were able to save him from the gloom of what was happening around him and, time after time, give him the strength to wake up every new morning.

The end of this story is open, but gives hope for a better future: after long wanderings, Alyosha decides to get out of the “swamp” that surrounds him and makes the fateful decision to go to college in a big city.

What does this work tell between the lines? In fact, there are quite a lot of topics, but a number of the main ones stand out clearly. Firstly, this is, of course, the theme of the deep depravity of society of that era. This is evidenced by many episodes in the life of an orphan. These are also memories of a Cossack who tricked a certain woman out of her house, after which he brutally beat and raped her. These are also stories about the family of the owner in whose house Alyosha worked.

Stories of men and women who wasted away from boredom and whose only goal was to eat and sleep. As a child, Alyosha was perhaps the only character who could read. Small child I looked around, but saw only half-people with rotten souls, capable only of violence, deception and betrayal. Alyosha's rare meetings with really good people were extremely rare.

The second theme flows smoothly from the first: the theme of early adulthood of children and their moral education. Maxim Gorky repeatedly emphasized that at the age of 13-15 main character I felt almost like a flabby old man, tired of life. In the living conditions in which poor children found themselves, they had no chance of remaining children.

They grew up too quickly, became smart and sad beyond their years. But the Author also retains some optimism. Using the example of the main character, he shows that such difficult living conditions for strong people become not only non-destructive, but also save them. After all, difficulties only strengthened Alyosha’s soul and character, made him truly strong and kind person capable of overcoming any hardship in life.

The third topic is the role of books in a child’s life. Think about what kept Alyosha afloat all these years? Did it not allow him to give up, forced him to go forward, made him truly wise in his thoughts and decisions, and ultimately helped him not to blend in with the fading crowd? Did it help you get out of the vicious circle? Yes, they were books. Books in which the heroes were brave and smart were the right example for Alyosha. The books that taught him to think gave him the opportunity to go to college. They played a truly huge role in Alyosha’s life.

So what is M. Gorky’s story “In People” about? It is about the impoverishment and ugliness of society, which has lost in boredom and lack of education human species. It is about the early growing up of children who are faced with non-childish difficulties and about the moral education of such children. In the end, it is about the invaluable contribution of books to the life and improvement of not only a child, but every individual person.

When a child is no longer a child, but is still far from coming of age, it was customary in Rus' to call him a youth. Thus, the period of adolescence began at the age of ten or eleven. However, Maxim Gorky called his story, dedicated to the biography of the teenager Alyosha Peshkov, who remained an orphan by the age of eleven, completely differently - “In People.” This name says a lot: being “among people” meant living with complete strangers, sometimes earning a living through very hard work.

Indeed, after Alyosha Peshkov’s mother died, and even earlier, his father, the teenager’s grandfather, Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin, died of cholera, said that he was not going to feed his grandson and sent him to a shoe store as a “boy.” Alyosha’s duties included meeting customers, but he had to work more at home: he swept the floor, washed dishes, and set up the samovar. He had to get up early in the morning with the cook and go to bed very late. Melancholy overwhelmed the boy when he went to bed in the evening. The situation was aggravated by cousin Sasha, who felt superior in age. He pushed Alyosha around, threatened him with witchcraft - in the end the boy was ready to run away, but due to an accident (he spilled hot soup on his hands) he ended up in the hospital, and then with his grandmother.

However, a return to his former life did not work out: many of his old friends died or left the city, Alyosha had already grown out of childhood games, so his love of reading saved him. His grandmother introduced him to folklore and revealed the beauty of native language. Thanks to her, he fell in love with nature and enjoyed walking into the forest, watching his grandmother talk to the herbs and all living things around him.

With the onset of cold weather, Alexei again had to go “to the people”, because he could no longer make a living by catching birds, as in the summer. But wherever he found himself - in a shoe store, in a drawing workshop - only hard, “menial” work awaited him, and there was no opportunity to study.

A lot of life experience received by a teenager who accidentally found himself working on a ship. He witnessed human meanness and weakness, saw drunkenness and debauchery, and was tormented by the knowledge that in life people are not at all like those described in books. There are no heroes, but only cowards and scoundrels.

But there were still those who left a mark on the boy’s soul. Once upon a time, Good Deed first pushed him towards a book; later Alyosha took books from educated women, one of whom most shocked the hero’s imagination. She was a beautiful and proud woman, surrounded by the attention of men, but clearly suffering from inner loneliness. Alyosha called her Queen Margot. It was she who instilled in him a taste for good reading, gave him the opportunity to read Russian classics, to fall in love with the poetry of Pushkin, Tyutchev, Odoevsky: she believed that you need to read Russian books in order to know Russian life. Alyosha experienced his first real love for Queen Margot.

However, he had to continue his difficult path “among people.” Fate even brought him to an icon-painting workshop, where he encountered injustice: he saw how old people were robbed, buying ancient books and icons for next to nothing. In the evenings, Alyosha read aloud to the craftsmen who had gathered to relax after work. But getting books was not an easy task - sometimes you had to beg for them as alms. At the same time, the teenager had heard more than once from people the expression “forbidden books,” the meaning of which he could not yet understand.

Having accidentally met his former owner, Alyosha agreed to become a “tenman” - an overseer of the workers who were restoring the shopping arcades at the fair after the flood. It was not easy for him, a teenager, because the workers openly laughed at his youth and did not really listen. At the age of 15, Alyosha thought that he was already old man, and everyone around is strangers. Just recently he was planning to leave for Astrakhan, and from there flee to Persia, but he did not do this, and time was lost.

Wandering around the city, the matured Alexey saw a lot of abomination in human life, realizing that in a few more years, he himself will become like this if he does not break out of this provincial “swamp.” Fortunately for him, Nikolai Evreinov, a high school student living nearby, persuaded Alyosha to go to Kazan to prepare for entering the university. Thus ends this important era of growing up for every person.

Depicting the terrible way of life, the “leaden abominations” of the life of the urban lower classes, Gorky shows how the preaching of patience, widespread at that time, was overcome in the minds of a teenager, how the will of him and his peers was tempered and the desire to resist evil and violence became stronger. The writer reproduces with psychological accuracy the desire of a boy, and then a young man, for a “beautiful, cheerful, honest” life.

Of course, the autobiographical nature of the story is obvious: Gorky wrote about his fate. But he sincerely considered his biography to be typical of representatives of the lower classes. However, the writer trusts his hero with contact with the era, although the burden of historical responsibility for everything that the reader sees in his fate falls on the hero’s shoulders. Thus, Maxim Gorky was one of the first to show the conflict between man and era. In works written in Soviet times, but remaining outside the scope of official literature, such a conflict will become the main one, as in B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago” or in A. Platonov’s story “Doubting Makar.”

When a child is no longer a child, but is still far from coming of age, it was customary in Rus' to call him a youth. Thus, the period of adolescence began at the age of ten or eleven. However, Maxim Gorky called his story, dedicated to the biography of the teenager Alyosha Peshkov, who was left an orphan by the age of eleven, quite differently - "In people". This name says a lot: to be "in people" meant living with complete strangers, sometimes earning a living through very hard work.

Indeed, after Alyosha Peshkov’s mother died, and even earlier, his father, the teenager’s grandfather, Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin, died of cholera, said that he was not going to feed his grandson and sent him to a shoe store "boy". Alyosha’s duties included meeting customers, but he had to work more at home: he swept the floor, washed dishes, and set up the samovar. He had to get up early in the morning with the cook and go to bed very late. Melancholy overwhelmed the boy when he went to bed in the evening. The situation was aggravated by cousin Sasha, who felt superior in age. He pushed Alyosha around, threatened him with witchcraft - in the end the boy was ready to run away, but due to an accident (he spilled hot soup on his hands) he ended up in the hospital, and then with his grandmother.

However, a return to his former life did not work out: many of his old friends died or left the city, Alyosha had already grown out of childhood games, so his love of reading saved him. His grandmother introduced him to folklore and revealed the beauty of his native language. Thanks to her, he fell in love with nature and enjoyed walking into the forest, watching his grandmother talk to the herbs and all living things around him.

With the onset of cold weather, Alexey had to go again "to the people", because he could no longer make a living by catching birds, as in the summer. But wherever he found himself - in a shoe store, in a drawing workshop - only heavy, "black" work, but no opportunity to study was provided.

The teenager gained a lot of life experience by accidentally becoming a worker on a ship. He witnessed human meanness and weakness, saw drunkenness and debauchery, and was tormented by the knowledge that in life people are not at all like those described in books. There are no heroes, but only cowards and scoundrels.

However, he had to continue his difficult path "in people". Fate even brought him to an icon-painting workshop, where he encountered injustice: he saw how old people were robbed, buying ancient books and icons for next to nothing. In the evenings, Alyosha read aloud to the craftsmen who had gathered to relax after work. But getting books was not an easy task - sometimes you had to beg for them as alms. At the same time, the teenager more than once heard from people the expression "banned books", the meaning of which I could not yet understand.

Having accidentally met his former owner, Alyosha agreed to become "tenman"- supervisor of the workers who restored the shopping arcades at the fair after the flood. It was not easy for him, a teenager, because the workers openly laughed at his youth and did not really listen. At the age of 15, Alyosha thought that he was already an old man, and everyone around him was strangers. Just recently he was planning to leave for Astrakhan, and from there flee to Persia, but he did not do this, and time was lost.

Wandering around the city, the matured Alexey saw a lot of abomination in human life, realizing that in a few more years he himself would become like this if he did not break out of this provincial life. "swamps". Fortunately for him, Nikolai Evreinov, a high school student living nearby, persuaded Alyosha to go to Kazan to prepare for entering the university. Thus ends this important era of growing up for every person.

Drawing a terrible life, "lead abominations" life of the urban lower classes, Gorky shows how the preaching of patience, widespread at that time, was overcome in the minds of a teenager, how the will of him and his peers was tempered and the desire to resist evil and violence became stronger. The writer with psychological accuracy reproduces the desire of a boy, and then a young man, to "beautiful, cheerful, honest" life.

Certainly, autobiography The story is obvious: Gorky wrote about his fate. But he sincerely considered his biography to be typical of representatives of the lower classes. However, the writer trusts his hero with contact with the era, although the burden of historical responsibility for everything that the reader sees in his fate falls on the hero’s shoulders. Thus, Maxim Gorky was one of the first to show the conflict between man and era. In works written in Soviet times, but remaining outside the scope of official literature, such a conflict will become the main one, as in B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago” or in A. Platonov’s story “Doubting Makar.”