How to make a sauna drain with your own hands. Drain pit for a bathhouse: varieties and technology of construction with your own hands. Design of external drainage area

A well-planned bathhouse design not only increases the service life of the building, but also protects it from the appearance of mold and pathogenic fungi, and also increases the heat transfer of the heating installation. The main requirement of the bathhouse is to thoroughly drain the wastewater.

A properly designed structure using concrete and boards will eliminate odor and reduce the proliferation of pathogenic microorganisms.

How to make a drain in a bathhouse with your own hands? You will find the answer to this question in our material.

How does the internal sewage system work?

Proper drainage of wastewater in a bathhouse can be done in several ways:

leaking;
not leaking.

In the first case, it is collected in a special department, where the waste liquid flows into the sewer pipes. In the second option, during the construction process the building is made at a certain angle of inclination with additional gutters to drain dirty water.

A detailed diagram helps to avoid common mistakes when self-construction. It includes:

Preparing a trench for laying pipes. The depth of the grooves should not exceed 0.5 m. During the installation process, it is necessary to observe correct angle tilt To do this, each subsequent pipe is fixed 3 cm higher than the previous one.

The bottom of the trench is sprinkled with sand. The height of such a substrate should be 16 cm after compact compaction. During the installation process, it is important to maintain the angle of inclination.

Next, all the pipes are connected to each other and laid at the bottom of the pits. If the bathhouse will have a bathroom, then it is necessary to install an additional sewer riser. To do this, it is fixed to the wall surface with a special clamp.

For proper circulation of air masses in the toilet, additional ventilation must be installed. This will reduce the delay unpleasant odors indoors.

After this, they move on to laying the flooring. During the sewer installation process, it is necessary to attach additional metal grates. They will prevent large debris from entering the drain hole.

Special water seals will help eliminate unpleasant odors. They are rubber pads that are fixed in the area of the drain hole.

Basic parameters for choosing a sewer system for a bathhouse

How to drain a bathhouse? Before proceeding with the construction of an external sewage system, it is recommended to consider several main factors:

intensity of use of the bathhouse;
dimensions of the building;
the type of soil composition in the area where the premises will be located;
level of soil freezing in winter period time;
connection to the central sewerage.

These factors are an integral part in the initial stages of bathhouse design. For frequent use of the room, it is necessary to design complex system drainage of sewage water.

For this purpose, ground filtration is additionally carried out. In addition, it is enough to use a waste pit here. The waste will gradually be absorbed into the thickness of the soil cover.

If sandy soil predominates on the site, then drainage rings are used for reliability. For clay soil, optimal solution there will be strengthening interior walls. As the pit fills with waste, it must be cleaned with special equipment.

Advantages and disadvantages of sewer drain devices

Today, there are a huge number of devices for arranging drainage sewer for a bath. They have both positive and negative aspects. These include:

Drainage well. It is a deep pit, the walls of which are filled with filtrate. For this, sand, small crushed stone, and pebbles are used.

The advantages of this method include: low cost materials, ease of arrangement. The disadvantages include the labor-intensive process of replacing filtered masses with new ones.

Drain well. This is a large container for collecting sewer liquids, in which waste from the bathhouse gradually accumulates. As it is filled, it is cleaned using special equipment or a machine.

The advantages of such a system are: ease of installation and arrangement of the drainage pit, low cost. TO negative qualities may include: frequent cleaning, inconvenient location of the drain well. As a rule, installation should be carried out at the lowest point of the site.

Pit. It is located under the floor covering of the bathhouse. Drainage waste is collected in this pit and passes self-cleaning through a filtrate of fine fraction materials.

The positive qualities of the system include: low cost materials, easy installation. The disadvantages of such a structure are: low throughput; it can be used on sandy and sandy loam soils.

Ground filtration. This is a system that consists of a septic tank and several pipes. Purified water passes through them. The pipeline is laid at a certain angle, due to which all the liquid will drain on its own and be absorbed by the soil.

The advantages of such a system are considered to be: it can be used for the entire sewer network; with its help, the liquid is thoroughly cleaned of harmful impurities. A photo of a bathhouse drain shows the process of filtering sewage waste.

Photo of a drain in a bathhouse

The modern Russian bathhouse is somewhat different from similar buildings erected in the last century. Now almost every steam room uses a full-fledged drainage system to remove dirty water from the washing room. This has the best effect on the service life of wooden and concrete floors, and also reduces the risk of mold and mildew. Making a drain is not as difficult as it might seem.

Drainage system in the washing room

Washing room in a bathhouse with a leaky wooden floor

Traditionally, a Russian bathhouse consists of two rooms - a dressing room and a steam room, combined with a washing room. The layout of modern analogues of Russian baths is represented by such premises as:

waiting area;
washing room;
steam room

The first room does not require drainage. The technology for drainage in washing and steam baths depends on the type of floor in a particular room.

Typically, the floor in a bathhouse comes in several types:

With the exception of the pouring floor, the internal part of the drainage system is represented by a drain for collecting water and a drain pipe. The outer part of the sewer system, depending on the size of the building, type of soil, and depth of soil freezing, can have a different appearance.

For a small bathhouse used once a week, a simple drainage system with a small drainage hole located under the floor structure or in close proximity to the building is sufficient. For a bathhouse designed for a large family, which can be heated once or twice a week, a more complex sewer system with a drainage well will be required.

Wastewater disposal method

The design of the drainage system for draining waste water from the washing and steam rooms is selected taking into account the type of soil on which the structure is built and the intensity of use of the bathhouse. Each of the designs has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.

Pit under the bathhouse

Pit under the bathhouse with a stone for draining water

A shallow hole dug under the floor of a washroom. 2/3 of the pit is filled with filtering components - crushed stone, slag, aquifer sand. This natural filter traps large particles, purifying the water, which is then absorbed into the lower layers of the soil.

The advantages of this system include:

does not require the use of a piping system;
ease of installation, cleaning and maintenance.

The main disadvantage of drainage in the form of a pit is that it can only be used for bathhouses on a columnar foundation located on sandy soil types. With frequent use of the bathhouse, the soil may become oversaturated with moisture - the water will not have time to spread throughout the soil, which will lead to its stagnation inside the pit.

Drain well

Drain well made of reinforced concrete and plastic septic tank

The outer part of the drainage system is made in the form of a pipeline and a sealed tank filled with wastewater coming from the bathhouse. To construct the reservoir, well rings and a plastic or metal septic tank are used.

As the wastewater fills, the tank is cleaned. To do this, water is pumped out using a sewer truck and transported to wastewater treatment plants or the septic tank is filled with biological products that filter the water, after which it special pipe is removed to the lower layers of the soil, where it is gradually absorbed.

Among the advantages of a drain well are:

ease of installation on a site of any size;
the well does not require periodic cleaning;
relatively low cost.

For proper functioning of the drainage system, the septic tank must be located below the level of the bathhouse. This will ensure natural and unimpeded flow of waste water. There must be free access to the location of the septic tank, otherwise a sewage disposal truck with a large tank will not be able to drive up to the required distance to pull the water intake hose.

Filtration well

Filtration tank system of three wells

It is a well filled with fine-grained crushed stone, finely crushed brick or slag. Waste water removed from the washing room and steam bath enters the well and passes through the filter material.

As a result, a small layer of sludge and a large number of beneficial bacteria are formed that purify the water. After gradual purification, the water leaves naturally or is used for household needs for watering and irrigating the soil.

Among the disadvantages, it can be noted that the filter layer quickly becomes dirty with frequent use of the bath and requires replacement. This is a very labor-intensive process, since crushed stone or slag will have to be removed manually. Despite this, this technology is optimal for draining baths designed for a family of 4–6 people.

Soil filtration

Soil filtration using the example of a closed boiler and distribution pipes

Drainage system consisting of closed septic tank where wastewater accumulates, and sewer pipes through which water is discharged after it is purified. Pipes are installed over a small area - this ensures uniform flow and absorption of water.

The advantages of ground filtration include:

complete autonomy;
possibility of water intake from several points;
high degree of purification.

Compared to other methods of draining waste water, ground filtration requires the use of a large area of land where water will be absorbed. It is better to carry out installation work at the stage of construction of the bathhouse, when the area adjacent to it has not yet been developed.

For installation, you will need to dig a fairly large pit for installing a septic tank, which requires the use of large construction equipment and special equipment.

Preparing for drainage installation

The design and installation of the bath drainage system occurs together with the installation of the floor. It is optimal if the work is carried out in warm time years when the soil is driest. This will allow you to test the functionality of the drain and make adjustments if necessary.

Design of the internal part of the drainage system

Construction of a concrete floor with a drain in a bathhouse

The design of the internal part of the drainage system takes into account the rules that apply to the installation of sewage systems in residential premises. If necessary, a ventilation riser is erected or a shut-off valve is installed. For example, installation of a riser is required when organizing drainage from several rooms at once.

The general layout of a concrete floor with a drain consists of the following:

The layout of a wooden floor depends on its design, but in general it has similar look. The drain pipe with a branch pipe is placed in the center of the room at the lowest point of the floor. For natural drainage, the sewer pipe is mounted with a slight slope. When installing drainage in the washing room of a bathhouse and steam room using one pipe, the drainage chute should be located between the rooms under the floor structure.

Design of external drainage area

General diagram of the sewerage system various types in the bathhouse

The calculation and design of the external sewerage section is carried out taking into account the size of the bathhouse, the frequency of its operation, the type of soil and the design of the water intake. As stated above, a filter well is optimal for use for private purposes. The design is designed to purify a large volume of water, sufficient for a family of up to 6 people to visit the bathhouse.

It is optimal if the well design is carried out by professionals. This will allow you to select the required size of the tank for receiving water without overpaying for useless volume.

Septic tank-based drainage systems are available in a ready-made version. Their volume is calculated depending on the number of people simultaneously visiting the bathhouse in a short period of time. For a family of 7 people, a tank with throughput 1.5 m 3 /day.

Calculation of the required material

Pipe and tee made of polypropylene for laying the drain

The amount of material required to install the drainage system is selected according to a previously drawn up project. For example, to install the internal part of a drain measuring 5x5 m you will need:

drain with direct outlet 105×105/50 mm;
PP socket pipe Ø50, length 500 mm;
straight pipe PP Ø50, length 1000 mm;
straight pipe PP Ø50, length 2000 mm;
adapter coupling 50–110 mm;
PP outlet 45 o.

If necessary, a polypropylene bend at 90 o is used. The length of the pipe for connecting the drain can vary from 500–1000 mm depending on the height of the floor. If necessary, the pipe is trimmed. A product 2000 mm long is used as a drain pipe. When laying external communications, PVC pipes up to 3000 mm long are used.

Necessary tool for the job

To dig trenches and water inlets you will need a comfortable shovel

To carry out installation work You will need the following tool:

bayonet and shovel;
bubble level;
construction knife;
grinder with a disc for metal/concrete;
container for sand/crushed stone.

To excavate soil to a depth of more than 2 m, it is better to use special equipment. This will speed up the work process. If all work is performed manually, then it is necessary to take care of safety precautions.

Digging a well should only be done with the help of a partner, who will ensure that the earth falling from the walls of the well shaft does not overwhelm the worker. All work is performed on a safety rope. The performer must be equipped with thick overalls and personal protective equipment in the form of a helmet, goggles and gloves.

Step-by-step guide to creating a bathhouse drain with your own hands

The laying of the drain pipe and the installation of the drain ladder should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of the floor. If it is planned to pour a concrete floor in a bathhouse, then further work on laying a drainage system should be carried out only after the initial polymerization of concrete (at least 7 days).

Installation of the internal part of the drainage system

Scheme of supplying the drain pipe to various points water intake

To supply the drain pipe, you will need to perform the following work:

To lay plastic pipes, you will need to dig a trench 50–60 cm deep. The depth is calculated based on the ground level located outside the building area. With a base height of 30–50 cm, the depth of the trench should be at least 80–110 cm.
Two trench options for introducing the drain pipe
The route of the trench is determined by the project and depends on the location of the drainage ladder. Excavation begins from the most distant point from the point of entry of the drain pipe. For example, in the schematic diagram below, excavation occurs from point A to point B.
When digging a trench, observe minimum slope: 2 cm per 1 mp. After arranging the route, a layer of fine-grained sand 7–10 cm thick is poured onto the bottom of the trench and thoroughly compacted. At the same time, the slope continues to be observed.
The ground slope is maintained along the pipeline route
If the bathhouse is built on strip foundation, then in the selected location a hole should be made for the drain pipe to be inserted. For this, a hammer drill and a grinder with a disc for concrete are used.
Installation of vertical and laying of horizontal pipe sections is carried out. In places where it is planned to install a ladder, a horizontal pipe up to 2 m long is installed. The connection to the horizontal pipe is made through a 90° elbow.
After checking the quality of the pipe connection and maintaining the slope, the trench is backfilled
If there are several drains located on one horizontal section of the pipeline, then a tee of the required diameter is used for connection. For example, in the diagram above this element is highlighted in bright color.
To insulate the drain pipe, a shell based on polyurethane foam is used. The thickness of the heat insulator depends on the depth of soil freezing. For central Russia - at least 10 mm with a laying depth of 70–90 cm.

After insulation, the angle of inclination is checked. To do this, 5–10 liters of water are poured into each vertical section of the pipe in turn. If everything is in order and the pipe connections do not leak, then the trench is backfilled with previously removed soil.

Installation of a closed septic tank

Diagram of a water intake in the form of a closed septic tank

Can be used as a closed septic tank finished goods from the manufacturer, as well as designs made by hand from scrap materials. If the amount of wastewater discharged at a time does not exceed 300 liters, and the total weekly volume is 700 liters, then the septic tank can be made from old car tires.

The water absorption area for a septic tank is calculated based on the fact that sandy soil can absorb no more than 100 l/m2 per day, mixed soil - no more than 50 l/m2, and loamy soil - no more than 20 l/m2 per day. Based on this, the height and base area of the tank is calculated.

Preparing a mine for storing old tires

The septic tank installation technology consists of the following steps:

Before walling up, he checks the functionality of the septic tank. To do this, 50–100 liters are drained through the pipes. water. If the water disappears over time, then you can install a ventilation pipe and fill the septic tank.

Installation of a drain well

To construct a drain well, a metal or plastic tank, reinforced concrete well rings, red brick or stone can be used. The material is selected taking into account the depth of the structure. It is optimal if it is possible to install reinforced concrete structures of the required diameter.

Preparation of a well shaft for the installation of reinforced concrete rings

To build a well you will need to do the following:

The location of the well is selected taking into account that access to it must be provided for truck. It is advisable that the well be located in a low area. This will avoid removing a large amount of soil to create a natural flow of water.
A hole measuring 1.5 x 1.5 m is dug using special equipment. If ordering an excavator is problematic, then you will have to dig a well shaft manually. During the work, safety precautions are observed. To simplify the process, you can dig a square-shaped hole.
A square-shaped well shaft can be lined with old brick
A 15 cm layer of fine-grained sand is poured into the bottom of the shaft and thoroughly compacted. After this, a concrete mixture based on M500 cement is prepared. The bottom of the shaft is being filled. If possible, round-shaped reinforced concrete products can be laid at the bottom of the well. This will allow you not to wait for the concrete to polymerize and continue with the work.
The mine walls are being lined with red brick. To reduce costs, you can use old and chipped bricks. A solution of clay and sand is used as a binder mixture. A drain pipe is connected to the well at the top. After lining, the surface of the well is processed bitumen mastic.
After inserting the drain pipe, the filter well made of reinforced concrete rings is covered with a concrete cover
As a cover, you can use ready-made reinforced concrete products for well shafts. At self-production You will need to install formwork from available materials with an overlap of 30 cm in length and width. In the center of the formwork it is necessary to install sides to create a round hole.
The first layer of concrete mixture with a thickness of 5–7 cm is poured. After the first layer has set, a reinforcing mesh of reinforcement rods with a cross section of 6–8 mm is laid on its surface. Then the next layer of similar thickness is poured.

After drying concrete slab the shaft is closed with a metal hatch. Before backfilling, the slab is treated with bitumen mastic and covered with polyethylene 200 microns thick.

Installation of a ground filtration system

To install a drainage system using the ground filtration method, you will need to manufacture or purchase ready septic tank the required volume. Water distribution throughout the site will occur through a pipeline system based on polypropylene products with a cross-section of 110 mm.

Preparing a pit and installing an oblong-shaped water intake

To make a drainage system with ground filtration you will need:

In the immediate vicinity of the drain pipe leaving the bathhouse, an area for installing a septic tank is marked. The size of the area should be 30–50 cm larger than the water intake structure itself. A trench 80–110 cm deep should follow the marked area, maintaining a slope.
Preparing trenches for laying a pipeline for a soil filtration system
A pit is being dug for installation of a septic tank. When installing, be careful not to damage the water inlet. After installing the container in the ground, the drain pipe is installed taking into account the freezing thickness of the soil.
To prepare drainage in the PP pipe, you need to drill through holes with a diameter of 110 mm in increments of 10 cm. For this, use electric drill with drills 8, 10 and 12 mm. The pipe is divided into three equal parts. Holes of the same diameter are drilled in each part from smallest to largest.
Preparing and laying distribution pipes in trenches
Trenches are being prepared for laying distribution pipes. The length of the trench is no more than 25 m. The width of the trench is 50–100 cm. The spacing between adjacent pipes is at least 1.5 m. The depth is from 1.5 m.
After preparing the trenches, compliance with the slope of 1.5–2 degrees is checked. Next, a layer of sifted sand and gravel, each 10 cm thick, is poured onto the bottom of the trenches. Afterwards, geotextiles are laid on the crushed stone with an overlap on the walls of the trench.
Backfilling the trench after checking the pipeline for operability
Pipe laying is in progress. After laying, the pipe is wrapped in geotextile and covered with a 10 cm layer of gravel. At the end of each pipe, a 90° bend and a pipe 50–70 cm long are mounted. At the end vertical pipe a protective valve with holes is put on and the trenches are backfilled.

During operation, preventive cleaning of the drainage pipe should be carried out. For this purpose, both special plumbing fixtures and pipe cleaning products are used, which can be purchased at any hardware store.

If you use the sauna frequently, you should periodically check that the container is full and empty it as necessary. This is especially true in spring and autumn, when the earth is full of moisture and water is absorbed into the lower layers of the soil with less intensity.

Ground filtration systems should be serviced every 12–15 years. To do this, it is necessary to completely replace the sand and gravel cushion and the bottom layer of earth in each of the trenches.

At the bathhouse planning stage, it is necessary to provide reliable and effective system drainage Modern water drainage from the bathhouse is constructed taking into account all construction and sanitary standards required for engineering networks this type.

A safe drain in the bath will protect the structure and base from rotting and destruction, prevent the development of pathogens and the appearance of a musty odor.

Options for organizing drainage

There are several affordable and reliable options for organizing drainage in a bathhouse:

- the simplest and cheapest way. It is used for a structure designed for 2-3 people. The pit is installed directly under the foundation of the bathhouse, the walls are lined with brick or sand mixture. Pumping of wastewater from the drainage pit is carried out by a special cleaning machine.
For bathhouses designed for large companies, it is better to lay a pipe with a drain into a sewer well. This is a more labor-intensive and expensive method.
Filtering waste well. The method involves installing a special tank, the bottom of which is lined with any available material that acts as a filter - slag, crushed stone, broken bricks, etc. top layer The soil is filled with silt containing bacteria. They contribute to the rapid and effective purification of wastewater.
. This is the most expensive option for removing wastewater from a bathhouse. The system consists of a septic tank, drainage pipes and a distribution well.

Features of flooring

Effective removal of moisture and wastewater from a steam room or washing room depends on proper arrangement floor and holes for drainage.

In modern baths, floor bases can be concrete or wooden.

The choice of flooring option is determined by the type of structure. In the case of constructing a permanent bathhouse that will be used throughout the year, it is better to build a concrete base with high-quality waterproofing. For wooden buildings, which will be used only in the summer, it is enough to make the flooring from wooden boards.

Wood floors

Bathroom floors made of wood can be either leaky or non-leaky.

The design of the leaking flooring is simple and reliable. It provides for the presence of small technological gaps of 5 mm between the boards, which serve to drain water under the foundation of the building. Such gaps perform two functions - they effectively remove wastewater outside the building, and also provide natural ventilation of the room.

If necessary, wooden floors can be dismantled and dried. To implement drainage in the bathhouse floor, it is recommended additional installation a pit of a hermetically sealed structure under the building, which serves to drain water into the drainage pit. To prevent the appearance of mustiness, a water seal is installed in such a system.

Leak-resistant wood floors have more complex design, which is mounted on concrete base, in this case, a slight tilt towards the drainage hole must be observed. The boards are installed quite tightly in two layers. This design cannot be dismantled or dried.

Concrete floors

Floors based on concrete screed are a complex multi-layer structure:

gravel bed with drain hole;
concrete screed;
vapor barrier;
insulation;
waterproofing;
concrete screed;
cement screed with a reinforcing base;
facing ceramic tiles.

When arranging a concrete base, you should also maintain a slope towards the provided drainage hole.

At the initial stage, it is necessary to organize a reliable system for collecting wastewater inside the bathhouses.

Efficient drainage system in the bathhouse

Organizing a reliable drain in a bathhouse with your own hands is quite simple, the main thing is to carefully study step by step guide and follow all the recommendations provided.

As a rule, the main work is carried out at the stage of laying the foundation - columnar or strip type.

First, a trench is dug for the foundation. A waste pit is being prepared where the washing room and steam room floors are supposed to be placed.
A trench of suitable depth is laid from the pit, taking into account the groundwater level. It is intended for installing a drain pipe to remove waste from the pit into a special storage tank or well. When laying pipes under the foundation, it is important to maintain a drain slope of 5 degrees. To prevent its freezing, modern heat-insulating material is additionally used.
Laying the foundation with installation of waterproofing protection.
The top layer of soil is removed along the inner perimeter of the foundation, taking into account a slope of 11 degrees from the pit in relation to the foundation walls.
To maintain the slope, its slopes are covered with medium grade crushed stone and compacted. You can also use a concrete mixture, but before doing this you should make a hole for drainage.
After organizing the pit and drainage system, a frame and wooden beams for the ceiling are mounted on the foundation. In this case, the foundation is subject to additional waterproofing, and the beams are subject to treatment with antiseptic preparations.
Boards 2 cm thick are mounted on top of the beams, which form the basis for the bath floor. The minimum distance between individual elements is 5 mm.

Arrangement of a drain well or reservoir

How to properly drain using a special tank where the waste should be drained?

In a well with a drain, the bottom is covered with a special filter layer. It ensures wastewater treatment and subsequent disposal into the ground. To organize the filter layer, various building materials– sand, gravel, crushed stone, broken bricks. For a building for 4 people, a small well is suitable - 200 cm deep, up to 150 cm in diameter.

Optimal distance to place a well from the bathhouse is 3.5–5.5 meters. To increase the wear resistance of the tank, its walls are strengthened using concrete rings, car tires or brickwork. To simplify the work, you can use a standard plastic or metal barrel with a cut-off bottom as a reservoir, with a volume of up to 250 liters. The finished tank is closed with a metal or concrete lid and covered with earth.

Step-by-step process of arranging a tank with drainage using a barrel of the required volume:

Selecting a location for installing a drain tank away from the building;
Digging a hole, the depth of which should be below the permissible level of ground freezing. Diameter is 35 cm larger than the circumference of the container.
Laying a sand cushion on the bottom to a level of up to 13 cm, tamping.
Laying an 11-centimeter layer of medium-fraction crushed stone, compacting.
Preparing a side hole in the barrel wall for installing a drain pipe.
Preparing a hole at the bottom of the barrel for connecting a hose to ensure sufficient ventilation.
Screwing the nut and seal onto the pipe. The pipe is threaded through the lower hole in the barrel, with reverse side An additional gasket is placed, after which the finished structure is securely fixed with a nut. Next, an adapter is installed on the HDPE-type ventilation pipe.
Installing the barrel bottom up.
Connect the drain pipe through the side hole to a depth of 20 cm.
Fill the hole halfway with crushed stone, then with soil.

A reservoir with a drain is provided for non-clayey and non-heaving soils.

Installation of waste septic tanks

With intensive use sewer system needs periodic cleaning. The most effective cleaning method is septic tanks, which do not require the use of sewage disposal equipment.

A septic tank provides for the sequential purification of wastewater in various ways. First, water is purified from contaminants, then disinfection occurs, final stage– water is discharged into the ground or used for irrigation.

Instructions for setting up a simple septic tank with 2 chambers for private needs:

a pit is dug up to 3 meters deep.
Filter layers of sand (up to 15 cm high) and crushed stone (10 cm) are placed on the bottom and compacted thoroughly.
They are immersed in the sand-crushed stone layer concrete rings to add rigidity to the future structure.
The walls of the well are reinforced with brickwork.
Next to the main well, a pit is dug for a well of smaller depth and diameter, which is equipped in a similar way.
The bottom of the first well and the gaps between the rings are filled concrete mixture to ensure complete tightness of the structure.
At the top are performed drain holes and the rings of both wells are connected using pipes. In this case, it is important to maintain a slight slope of 2.1 cm per meter towards the deep well. The joints are covered with cement mixture.
Approach in progress sewer pipe with a drain from the bathhouse to a smaller well.
The wells are closed from above with reinforced concrete slabs or hatches, in which small holes are made for installing ventilation pipes.

The first well is intended for rough water purification, the second - for eliminating organic waste using earthen bacteria.

If you have available funds, you can use ready-made septic systems available for sale. The process of installing such equipment consists of digging a pit and supplying a sewer pipe.

This is the most expensive option for organizing a drainage system for private baths. It can operate in automatic mode, with cleaning quality reaching 97%. The removal of purified water from the septic tank in the finished system is carried out using a drainage pump. This water can be used for irrigation personal plot and technical needs.

High-quality drain for modern bathhouse– this is a fairly important and responsible process that requires technical training, financial investments and free time.

When building a bathhouse, it is imperative to arrange a high-quality drain. In this case, the smell from stagnant water will not enter the room in the future. The floors will last much longer. There are several options for installing a water drainage system from a washing room and steam room. We'll talk about them further.

The simplest drain in a bathhouse

First, let's see how to drain a bathhouse simplest design. If the soil under the building is sandy and easily absorbs water, you don’t have to “bother” and install the receiver directly in it. In this case, a hole is dug under the sink, and the floors are made slightly inclined towards it. To prevent unpleasant odors from penetrating into the bathhouse, vent holes are made in the foundation. However, more often the drain has a more complex design. In this case, when pouring the foundation, if it is a strip foundation, a hole is left in it for the drainage pipe.

Trench and pipe for drainage

Of course, you will need to dig a trench under the pipe through which the water will drain. Don't make the drain run too long.

You should also not dig a drainage well or install a septic tank very close to the foundation. The optimal distance from the walls of the bathhouse to the receiver is 1-3 m. Crushed stone is poured onto the bottom of the trench. The question of how to make a drain in a bathhouse also comes down to what pipe material and what diameter should be used. Usually plastic ones are used for water drainage devices. Steel drainage will quickly rust. The diameter of the pipe depends on how many people will bathe in the washroom at the same time. The minimum allowable is 50 mm. The trench should be dug at an angle. The steeper the pipe is inclined, the better.

Receiver-well

We found out how to drain a bathhouse. Where will the used water go? An ordinary well is most often installed as a receiver. Its depth should be at least 1.5 meters. The diameter depends on the amount of water taken. One person spends about 20 liters of water in a bathhouse per visit. Five people will thus spend 100 liters. A well diameter of one meter is sufficient for this amount of water. Next, the receiver needs to be filled halfway with expanded clay or crushed stone. The walls are coated with clay. The top of the well is covered with boards and filled with earth. The pipe should enter it at a distance of approximately 60-70 cm from the upper boundary of the soil. This will prevent wastewater from freezing in winter.

Receiver-septic tank

If you wish, you can arrange not a well near the bathhouse (photo below), but a simple septic tank. It is made from ordinary standard plastic barrel. A hole is also first dug. You need to dig down to the sandy layer of soil. Usually it is located at a depth of 1-1.5 meters. Next, as in the first case, a layer of crushed stone is poured onto the bottom. It must be compacted.

A hole is drilled in the side of the barrel for a pipe, which will subsequently be connected to the drain pipe. Any septic tank must have a connection with an open atmospheric air. To ensure air exchange, a hole is drilled in the middle in the bottom of the barrel for an exhaust pipe of small diameter. If this is not done, when the air pressure in the barrel increases during the flow of water, it will simply be squeezed out through the drain pipe into the bathhouse along with an unpleasant odor.

Next, a pipe is inserted into the side hole, and an exhaust pipe is mounted into the hole cut out in the bottom. Then the barrel is placed in the hole with the bottom up. Then the socket of the pipe is put on a pipe coming out of the ground, through which water is drained from the bathhouse. Even if the crushed stone at the bottom of the pit is compacted very carefully, the barrel may still sag over time. To prevent the pipe from slipping off the pipe, it is drilled to the sides with two self-tapping screws. After installation, the space between the walls of the barrel and the walls of the pit is filled with crushed stone. Next, the structure is covered with earth.

Since the septic tank is located outside, someone could step on it from above. Therefore, in order to prevent the bottom of the barrel from being pressed through, before filling it, it is worth covering it with boards or a piece of thick tin.

Drainage device in the bathhouse itself

The drain in the bathhouse floor can be arranged in several ways. In any case, the soil under the floor is concreted with a slope towards the pipe. A small receiving pit-tray is arranged around it. This is necessary so that the water leaves the bath faster. The floors are laid on joists. The latter are placed on concrete or brick square pillars erected on this concrete foundation. The top of the logs must be waterproofed with mastic or roofing felt. Next, the floor boards are installed. Sometimes they are not nailed down, but simply laid at a distance of 5 mm from each other. Water flows into these cracks. From time to time the boards are removed and dried on outdoors. Such floors are called leaky floors.

Of course, such a floor arrangement is not very convenient. Firstly, when walking, the boards will move, and secondly, in winter, water will leak from the cracks. cold air. Therefore, bathhouse floors are often made permanent.

Tiled floor in the bathhouse

Sometimes a tiled floor can be used. People also go to bathhouses to relax and unwind. And since ceramics is a slippery material, it also heats up when high temperatures, usually for ease of movement it is additionally covered wooden shields. From below, so that the surface of the latter is horizontal, bars of different thicknesses are stuffed. Just like leaky wood floors, these boards need to be dried out from time to time.

Clay floor in the bathhouse

The clay version of the covering is also a rather interesting floor device. It is quite pleasant to walk in bathhouses with such finishing, since this material has a very low degree of thermal conductivity. In this case, instead of concrete mortar, a clay mixture is simply used. However, such floors have one significant drawback. When wet, clay swells noticeably. After drying, it returns to its original size, but cracks greatly. Subsequently, water begins to stagnate in the cracks. As a result, an unpleasant odor appears in the bathhouse.

Water seal device

This is how the floor is installed. It is pleasant to wash in a bathhouse with any of these coating options only if there is a so-called water seal. Without it, cold and bad-smelling air from the receiving pipe may begin to enter the room. A water seal can be made by simply installing a special plastic cup with legs on the pipe leading into the tray. As water enters the receiver, it will lift it and go down the drain. Air will not get into the bathhouse from the pipe. The receiving tray should be covered with a grill. This will prevent leaves from brooms and other debris from getting into the drain.

Insulated floor in the bathhouse

If you intend to use the bathhouse in winter, it is worth installing insulated floors. In this case, first a subfloor is filled, onto which expanded clay is poured or expanded polystyrene is laid. In this case, a receiving chute is drawn in the middle. Next, the finished floor is laid onto logs of different heights. It should be with the boards sloping from the walls to the gutter. Before filling the expanded clay, the subfloor is covered with a vapor barrier. Waterproofing is laid on top of the insulation. The gaps between the finished floor boards are sealed. Expanded clay for insulation is suitable only mixed - at least from two fractions of different sizes.

Insulation on screed

Thus, we have found out how to make a drain in a bathhouse and what the floors should be like. Now let's look at how to properly make a concrete base for a coating. Before pouring it, the soil is carefully compacted, making a slight slope towards the receiver tray. After this, a layer of crushed stone of about 10-15 cm is poured onto it. The foundation should be protected by laying a layer of clay near it. Next, everything is filled with concrete. If desired, floor insulation can be arranged at this stage. In this case, a thin screed is poured over the crushed stone. A layer of expanded clay is poured onto it. Next, the main concrete floor is poured. This layer must be reinforced. The easiest way is to use a regular chain-link mesh for this purpose. After pouring concrete surface You need to level it as carefully as possible using a board.

How to properly prepare concrete mortar

Of course, the concrete floor of the bathhouse should be as reliable as possible. Therefore, the solution should be prepared strictly adhering to the established technology. The sand must be taken coarse and must be sifted. Only the highest grades of cement are used for constructing a concrete bath floor. M400 is best suited. The kneading is done in a ratio of 1:3. You need to mix the ingredients as thoroughly as possible. It is best to do this using special equipment. It is very difficult to prepare a homogeneous composition manually. The presence of unmixed parts noticeably weakens the poured structure.

Shower in the bath

A shower in a bathhouse is quite rare. Its simplest option is a regular bucket suspended above the entrance to the steam room. However, you can use other, simpler in design, but somewhat more “advanced” options. After all, contrasting water treatments actually very useful. You can, for example, install a tank on the ceiling and lead a pipe into the bathhouse from the ceiling. Next, a regular watering can is connected to it. Water can be pumped into the tank from a well through a hose. In this case, the shower drain can be arranged according to the same principle as the main bath drain. Most often, used water simply leaves the bathhouse through a common receiver.

Bath design diagrams

The drain is not the only feature of such an unusual building as a bathhouse. It will be convenient only if the layout of its premises is properly planned. Therefore, finally, let's look at what the bathhouse layout should be. There are many options for the location of the steam room, washing room and locker room. If you wish, you can develop your own project. However, you should follow some basic rules:

It is best to place the stove in the middle of the building, so that it is possible to heat not only the steam room and washing room, but also the locker room. Otherwise, dressing in winter after visiting the bathhouse will be cold. If the building is large, it is worth installing two ovens.
Even in very small sauna It is advisable to equip a vestibule with an area of at least a square meter. If front door will be located too close to the street, in winter it will begin to freeze to the frame due to condensation.
If you plan to host gatherings with beer in the bathhouse in the future, it is worth allocating some space for a toilet.

Dimensions of the bathhouse premises

The layout of the bathhouse, of course, should also include information such as the dimensions of its premises. When drawing up a project, it is worth taking into account the minimum allowable area per person:

For a locker room - 2-4 m2.
For a washing room - 2.7 m2.
For a steam room - 2-3 m 2.

Based on these figures and knowing how many people will wash at the same time, the required area of the building will not be difficult to calculate.

How to rationally arrange rooms

Most often, two entrances are arranged in the vestibule: one to the washing room, behind which there is a steam room, the second to the locker room. This is truly the most convenient scheme. In small bathhouses, the vestibule usually serves as a changing room. To finally decide what the building should be like, you can look at different drawings of the bathhouse. One of them is presented to your attention on this page just above. And this is how saunas are built in Europe:

Thus, having carried out the planning correctly, arranging good drain, as well as having completed all other work with strict adherence to the required technologies, you can build a comfortable and durable bathhouse on a country site. If you don’t have a particular desire to build something yourself, you can order a service such as a turnkey bathhouse from a construction organization. In this case, our recommendations will help you monitor the work of the hired team.

Before building a foundation for a bathhouse, you need to think about arranging the water drainage in the floor. If you decide not to resort to the services of a construction team to build a steam room, but to do it yourself, then you will need a step-by-step guide. Step-by-step instructions can be followed from the photo, but it is also advisable to understand why to install the drainage system this way and not otherwise, which one is better and more profitable.

Characteristics for choosing a drain method

When deciding how wastewater will be discharged, you need to rely on the following parameters:

Frequency and intensity of use of the bathhouse. The depth of the drainage structure, as well as the methods of its arrangement, depend on the indicator.
Proximity to fertile, usable soil. If the area is small and there is a vegetable garden next to the bathhouse, then just a drainage hole is not enough. For drainage, you will need to equip it for water purification.
How deep they go groundwater. The depth of the trench under the outlet pipe depends on this characteristic.

Having decided on the primary parameters, you can begin installing the water drainage system. It is divided into two stages: draining the inside of the bathhouse, which includes a certain floor structure, and installing a pipe to drain the liquid outside the steam room.

Basic installation diagram for water drainage from a bathhouse

pouring floor

This type of drainage system is installed during installation. There is no hatch for drainage of liquid, which is usually installed in the floor. Water seeps through the wooden flooring, entering a small reservoir, after which it flows through a pipe to a designated area. The pouring can be arranged without a container and outlet pipes. Option suitable for summer designs without intensive use. The flooring in such a bathhouse is made of wooden logs with a gap of 0.5 cm between the beams. A small hole is dug under it, the water from which is simply absorbed into the ground. Under wood covering You can lay gravel or other absorbent material, which will partially purify the water. Construction diagram and instructions for a leaking floor of a pile or columnar foundation:

Before building the foundation, an inclined trench is dug with an angle of 2-3˚ per linear meter. Its depth must be at least 50 cm, the length depends on the drainage structure.
The foundation base is equipped with a cement coating (slabs) or wooden planks with chamfers. The liquid reservoir can also be isolated from the ground. A PVC pipe for drainage is installed in the container. The subfloor is usually made with a directed slope towards the water reservoir.
A wooden floor must be waterproofed; usually bitumen-based materials are used as an insulator.
The finished floor is laid from edged boards or OSB boards.
The gap between the wooden covering should be about 5 mm.

Attention! Waterproofing is mandatory for both wood and cement subfloors.

Flowing floor: a good option for baths, the use of which is planned only in the summer and not too intensively

Non-spill floor

It is considered more in a reliable way arrangement drain system for a bath. Step-by-step execution construction work:

Before pouring the foundation, a place for installing the pipes is arranged.
The pipe must be tightly connected to the drain pipe.
Pour the foundation of the steam room.
Carry out complete waterproofing using bituminous materials and expanded clay or crushed stone granulant.
Make a subfloor with an angle of 4-6˚ to the drain hatch.
Carry out thermal insulation and waterproofing work.
The final stage is to lay the finished floor, the hole for water drainage is closed with a grate.

Drain into a cesspool

The most budget and easy method where to take it waste water from the bathhouse - do it cesspool. It does not require special technological knowledge and skills. This type of drain is only suitable for baths on summer cottages, with infrequent use. To build it, you need to dig a hole in a remote place and run a pipe there. The water will naturally evaporate and be absorbed into the soil.

Cesspool with septic tank

An excellent option that does not harm the environment and soil. Suitable for baths, which are often used and for a personal plot with a closely adjacent vegetable garden. The disadvantage of this design is the high cost of absorbent raw materials. Construction scheme:

The sewer pipe is laid at a slight angle.
A ventilation pipe must be installed inside the room.
Along the trench, two insulation tanks with a septic tank are installed, in which primary and secondary water treatment will take place.
Installing again ventilation pipe to avoid liquid stagnation.
The collector is installed.
A filtration field is equipped using crushed stone, expanded clay or sand.

Attention! To install a drainage system with an anaerobic septic tank, it is necessary to allocate a fairly large plot of land.

Organization of drainage from a bathhouse using a septic tank: good and reliable option for year-round use

Drainage well

This method of arranging water drainage is suitable for soil in which underground water runs deep. Stages of building a drainage well:

A hole is dug at a distance of 1.5-2 m from the building. Its depth should be half a meter below the soil freezing level. The width of the recess is 1 m in diameter.
The bottom is covered with filtration raw materials: expanded clay, crushed stone.
The walls of the well are lined with a metal tank without a bottom or old tires to avoid clogging the container.
The washing bath is connected to the tank by a pipe, which is laid in trenches dug at a slight angle.
Next, the well is covered with a lid and compacted with earth on top.

Drain well

Drain well - practical solution to remove used water without threatening to deteriorate the soil ecology. To do this, you will need to dig a reservoir, which should be located in the lowest part of the site so that water flows into it naturally. The place must also have an entrance for a sewer truck that will pump out liquid. Step by step guide:

A rectangular or square hole is dug.
A sand cushion 15 cm high is placed on the bottom and compacted tightly. Then the surface is concreted.

Attention! Do not proceed to the next step until the cement mortar is dry.

Drain well: another practical option for organizing a drain in a bathhouse

The walls are lined with bricks or reinforced concrete rings. The thickness of the material must be at least 25 centimeters. Don't forget to leave a hole for the pipe.
The walls are sealed using bitumen mastic.
A metal roof or a combination of layers is installed: cement, metal sheathing. The overlap on each side of the incoming drain hole should protrude 30 cm.

A properly selected drainage system for a bathhouse will protect the building from the destructive effects of moisture, and will also not affect chemical composition water.