What kind of house is this without a roof? The most basic element of reliability, strength, thermal insulation and simply stylish attractive appearance.

Modern architects and builders have invented a huge number of different roofs for private houses, depending on the location of the home, the volume of construction, general design buildings and much more.

The main types of common roof layouts for each house

Today we can safely say that the most popular 2 types of roofs are:

• Flat;
• Sloping.

The difference between them is elementary, depending on the angle of inclination of the surface. With a slope of more than 10 degrees, we are talking about pitched planes, which, in turn, also have subtypes according to the number of slopes and purpose.

Main types of pitched roofs

Shed roof surfaces are used more in non-residential premises, when arranging outbuildings, storage facilities and shops, garages, etc. When constructing such a building, the structure of such a roof should be taken into account, which implies that the roofing material is supported on the main beams of the building, while the walls are even guides. Here is an example of such a structure.

Most in demand in private construction. The model consists of two equal slopes that rest on load-bearing walls the same height. Most often, such roofs resemble a triangle shape; they have been used in construction for many years and deserve worthy attention and respect.

When the roof surface has several triangular slopes, then we can talk about hip structure. It has a complex rafter system; its design is most often trusted to professionals. Such roofs are more resistant to strong winds and leaks during heavy rainfall.

The design has 4 slopes, in appearance it resembles a trapezoid, and the corner shapes are small triangles and are called hips.

During natural disasters, such a surface often remains clean and undamaged; debris and dust are quickly blown away from its slopes.

One of the types of roofs for private houses is tent, Designed for square and polygonal buildings. All slopes are even triangles that converge at one point.

The hip roof has no ridge and is completely symmetrical.

Such planes are wind-resistant and are an interesting design solution.

There is also a half-hip roof, as an intermediate option between a hip and a gable roof. Such roofs allow architects to place a full-fledged window on the rear wall area; such a building is very interesting and quite complex for a non-professional to work with.

Let's move on to another interesting structure - this type has a complex rafter system, so highly qualified specialists must be involved in its construction.

broken roof used for covering a house mansard type. A special bend in the angles of inclination of the slopes allows the use usable area internal attic space.

Such a roof is not very different from a regular gable roof, and therefore its construction is not particularly difficult.

For those who wish to create another room in the attic, then this type of house roof should be looked out for.

They are used very rarely in construction, such structures can be noted on ancient centuries-old buildings; our ancestors left us interesting architectural solutions that surprise us with their amazing elements - verandas and turrets.

Less common in modern construction- it is based on one slope, with an almost invisible slope.

It is difficult for such roofs to withstand numerous precipitations, snow and rain, so if they are made, they are strengthened concrete slabs and metal structures.

We often see these types of roofs in American TV series, when on the surface of the house you can get a wonderful greenhouse or create a corner for relaxation.

They still give off quite a bit complex shape and designs. They include numerous types of slopes, gable, hip, attic, and tent.

Such buildings may have open and closed verandas, covered balconies, interesting window solutions, everything that attracts attention with its unusual and original design.

Attention: the more complex the roof structure, the stronger and more reliable it is. You should not save on materials for laying the surface of the house; the more expensive the product, the longer the roofing area will serve you.

Advantages and disadvantages of different types of roofs

If we talk about pitched roofs, which are quite common in construction use, then it is worth noting the main advantages:

• This is a reliable and heavy-duty design that protects the home from the effects of natural disasters;
• Serves for many years, depending on the choice of building material;
• Has an attractive appearance that will fit into any design of the site or the building itself;
• Under the roof you can make an additional room, an attic or an attic.

Roof disadvantages:

• High construction prices and high cost of materials;
• Difficulty in repairs during operation.

But despite all this, such a roof will protect your family from the wind, heavy rains and heavy snowfalls, which cannot be said about flat structures.

Such a roof is practically not used in the construction of residential private houses.

The reason is that during precipitation, the roof is not able to withstand heavy snowdrifts and flows of water. As a result, it sags and cracks.

This type of construction will be more useful to those who plan to build a terrace, swimming pool or recreation room on top of the house.

Roof design features

1. Attic, separated from the main room:
   • Cold;
   • Insulated.
2. Without an attic, combined with the main room:
   • Ventilated with atmospheric air;
   • Non-ventilated.

Today, the lean-to structure is rightfully considered the most popular and attractive in terms of material costs. Such roofs are most often installed on temporary buildings or country houses.

Why does it attract modern consumers?

The main advantage is that a pitched roof can only be ventilated. During construction, it is assumed that there will be special openings in the gable walls, which ensure air circulation in the under-roof space.

The ventilation process helps remove moisture and condensation from the room; during the cold season, the roofing surface retains heat inside and prevents the room from cooling down.

But gable structures are most often created without a ventilated function.

During the winter season, snow does not fall sharply from the sloped surface; it is retained due to the slope angle of -6-9 degrees. It is safe and comfortable, especially during years of heavy rain and heavy snowfall.

But the disadvantage is the fact that the snow cover has to be removed by hand so as not to exceed the load-bearing capacity of the rafter system.

You can build a pitched roof with your own hands, having clear construction instructions and the necessary materials.

If we talk about a gable roof of a traditional shape, then the design of the rafter system will look like this:

The simplicity and economy of the roof shape makes it popular and reliable. The facade of the building is of great importance; it is decorated with multi-colored metals or various shaped bitumen shingles.

Thanks to the ability to adjust the eaves overhangs, each owner can make an extension or veranda at any time without worrying about the integrity and strength of the roofing. In such cases, there is no need to make a separate roof and create architectural plans.

Warning: the greater the angle of inclination of the structure, the higher its windage. Therefore, in areas where there are strong gusts of wind, you need to carefully calculate the degree of inclination so that it does not collapse during sudden changes in wind loads.

Advantages of gable roofs

1. Protective function, you are not afraid of storms or hail...
2. A classic simple option for creating a roofing covering.
3. The ability to create an exquisite architectural design, at the request of the owner.
4. The full height of the building and the construction of windows under the roof, in the attic area.
5. This type of roof allows you to freely manipulate the shape of the gables and the size of the eaves overhangs;
6. A wide selection of materials and their availability in every hardware store.
7. Reasonable prices for its construction.
8. Simple and economical design.
9. Possibility of its construction with my own hands, without the involvement of experienced professionals, which cannot be said about multi-level and multi-cascade buildings.

In areas where there are strong winds, preference is given to houses with a half-hipped roof. It has small overhangs on the end sides, which are excellent protection during long-term natural disasters. The cut side slopes are shorter in length than the main ones. The attic space of such a building is quite spacious, well ventilated and quite suitable for a living room.

The gables of the house have special protection from any precipitation.

Thanks to this composition, such houses have a beautiful, representative appearance, regardless of the location of the building.

The rafter structure system is complex, requiring special mathematical calculations and the involvement of professional roofers to create it.

In this case, it will not be possible to save on materials, but the walls of the house will be reliably protected for many years.

Broken gable the roof will do for country cottages and holiday homes. Lateral breaks guarantee high internal ceilings of the building, but such a structure will not always be powerful and durable. Due to a fracture in the slope, it is quite vulnerable and often cannot withstand wind loads.

When building this type of roof, it is necessary to correctly observe the basic proportions of its elements, which will help you in the future not to spend money on preventive maintenance.

“Under the roof of my house...” - these words from a popular song reflect the special symbolic meaning of this element of the building structure for the people living in the house. At the same time functional purpose roofing is to protect residential premises from the adverse effects of the external environment. In addition, it is an important architectural element that brings design projects to life and gives the completed house a complete look.

Despite the external diversity of designs of the final part of buildings, all existing roof options are classified in a certain way. Of course, when wondering which roof to choose, you need to get acquainted with their list and features.

The most different options roofs appear before us in cottage villages

Roofs are divided into pitched and flat

In general, roofs are divided into pitched and flat. The difference is easy to spot in the photo. A slope is a roof surface inclined to the horizontal at an angle exceeding ten degrees. The number of slopes can vary from one to four, and in the design of multi-gable and hip roofs, these elements are combined. Sometimes you can find a domed or conical shape"hats" at home.

Flat roofs are less common due to their higher cost. To equip them, you need a solid foundation that can withstand the weight of snowdrifts. Such a structure is made of concrete and is not cheap, but it produces additional features using a flat coating, as shown in the following photos.

Flat roofs are most in demand in the southern regions

Here you can install sports equipment, equip a relaxation area, a terrace or a winter garden. This type of roof is considered exploitable. Roofs are classified according to the following criteria:

• the material from which they are made;
• the presence or absence of a slope;
• design features.

It is important to decide: with an attic or an attic?

When erecting a roof, it is important to decide whether to install it with an attic or an attic. The attic space is actually a buffer zone between external environment and residential premises. If it is necessary to carry out roof repairs, it provides convenient access to all its elements. The construction of an attic roof requires certain financial costs, but despite this, such constructive solution has wide popularity and is used everywhere.

The attic on the roof allows it to be used as a full-fledged living space. Its walls are formed by the roofing material. For this purpose, the height of the slope is increased in the right place. The roofless structure looks very original and unusual, as the following photo demonstrates.

Mansard roofs are practical and popular

Creating such a design is associated with certain technical difficulties, so it is relatively expensive, and such work is usually done by specialists. However, the financial costs are offset by the creation of additional living space. The attic-free attic roof is widely popular.

How the false roof is constructed, photo

Many people do not know what a false roof is or why it is needed. In general, it consists of covering individual elements of a building structure with roofing material to give the latter an attractive appearance. An example of a false roof can be assessed from the photo.

False roofs can be interesting and functional

The prefix “false” in the name indicates that it means imitation. For example, installing a false roof on a flat roof will give it the appearance pitched design. In addition to being decorative, this architectural technique also has a functional purpose. This design protects horizontally located platforms from increased loads and aggressive environmental influences.

Types of shapes of pitched roofs of private houses

The shapes of pitched roofs of private houses can delight the imagination with their diversity. Abundance of colors roofing materials allows you to bring to life the most daring design projects. At the same time, the simplest in design and technology for performing work is a pitched roof. It is not difficult to arrange it yourself.

Thanks to your good performance qualities, the gable roof has become most popular among owners of private houses, and it is widespread everywhere.

Hip roofing has good strength characteristics. The half-hip variety has a very interesting design look. The complex multi-gable roof structure looks extremely original. The outline of the attic roof is a broken line.

A multi-slope hipped roof does not have a ridge elevation; the shape of the roof in the form of a cone or dome has a decorative purpose. There are also complex combined designs that bring non-standard design projects to life.

A pitched roof is the simplest

The easiest to install and the cheapest roof is considered to be a pitched roof. In essence, it is a flat roof supported by wall ceilings of different heights. The difference in height determines the angle of inclination of the coating. A pitched roof has the following advantages:

• low cost;
• ease of installation;
• large amount of usable space;
• ease of installation of the smoke removal system.

An ordinary pitched roof can be very original

This type of roofing has a rather unsightly appearance, so it is most often used to cover toilets, sheds and other similar buildings. Owners of small buildings also use a pitched roof. country houses, who put up with a simple appearance, which is compensated by the simplicity of the design.

The gable roof is the most popular

The gable roof has been covering housing since ancient times; it is most popular in rural areas and urban-type settlements at present. As the name suggests, the structure consists of two roofing slopes. They provide good drainage of precipitation and prevent it from leaking into living spaces. However, this form of coating has a high windage, so it can be torn off by a strong gust of wind.

A simple gable roof contains considerable possibilities

The junction of roofing surfaces resting on walls of the same height is called the ridge and is the highest line of the house. The slopes can have different angles of inclination and be unequal in length. Here you can make an attic or arrange an attic, undoubtedly this is the most practical look roofs. The vertical walls that border the attic are called gables.

Durable hip construction

A hip roof involves installing slopes instead of gables, which have a triangle shape in cross-section, and windows are made on top. It has good aerodynamic streamlining. Types of hip roofs are shown in the photo.

Hip roofing is practical and reliable

The technology for performing such work is characterized by increased complexity of arranging the rafter system, so it is better to leave it to specialists. Hip roofing is highly durable and has excellent resistance to heavy gusts of wind, heavy rain or heavy snowfall. It has the following advantages:

• good resistance to deformation;
• façade security;
• resistance to aggressive environmental influences;
• possibility of arranging an attic.

A half-hip roof is something between a gable and a hip roof. Here, the ridge of the gable roof is protected from wind by half-hips that have good aerodynamic streamlining.

The half-hip roof provides the designer with good opportunities

They also serve a decorative purpose, giving the roof a very unique design. Dormer windows are installed in the triangular parts of the gables formed by the overlap of the slopes. Arranging such a structure requires good professional skills, so it is better to leave this work to specialists.

Original and complex multi-pincer design

Multi-gable roofs are characterized by increased installation complexity. There are a wide variety of different elements, giving it a unique appearance. Roof fragments most often have a polygonal shape.

The multi-gable roof structure will serve as a worthy completion of a building of complex shape

The multi-gable design has an unusual appearance and allows you to equip additional living quarters. Such roofs immediately attract the eye in a cottage village; they compare favorably with the monotony standard options. Color design You can highlight individual elements, giving the entire structure a contrasting look.

Sloping mansard roof

Mansard roof, in essence, is a modified type of gable structure. It differs from it in its broken profile. To do this, a special break is made in the roof, giving the slope a flatter line. This design solution allows you to increase the usable area of ​​your home.

Sloping mansard roof as a combination of practicality and design

The shape of the attic is determined by the configuration of the additional room, where you can put beds and equip a rest room. In hot summers, the roof becomes very hot from the direct rays of the sun.

In this design, the volume of space between the roof and the room is reduced, which worsens the thermal insulation of the ceiling and walls of the attic. Thus, it is necessary to perform high-quality thermal insulation of the roof itself.

Hip roof - multi-slope and without ridge

The hipped roof has several slopes that do not form a ridge when connected. Laying such a coating is not particularly difficult; it can be done independently.

Options hip roof from simple to complex

Hip roofs are usually installed over houses whose walls are arranged in the shape of a square or other regular geometric figure. They have good streamlining and, as a result, are resistant to heavy gusts of wind.

The durability is also very good. The weight of a hip roof is small, as a result it puts little load on the walls and foundation.

Decorative conical and domed roofs

Conical and domed roofs in private homes are most often used for decorative purposes. They represent a rounded roof, but it is not covered with it building structure, but its individual elements, such as designer turrets or a round summer kitchen. It should be noted that they look very original, especially when installed on glass veranda.

Dome and conical elements are complex: as in practical implementation, and in design development

Complex combined structures

Combined roofs have the most complex design. They combine various elements of other types of roofing: hipped, multi-gable, hip, attic and so on. Strictly speaking, many of the examples of roofs given above are combined, although they have a pronounced one characteristic.

Complex roofs combine wide possibilities and complexity of their implementation

Combined roofs have a unique appearance, which opens up wide scope for designers’ creativity. Positive qualities include good functionality and aesthetics, negative qualities include high cost, complexity of design, installation and further maintenance.

Roof covering is a serious issue faced by any developer. Considering the variety of materials on today’s construction market, it’s easy to get confused when choosing. Therefore, it is necessary to be able to distinguish between types of roofing and navigate their features.

Roofing for the roof - one of the types

Roofing material is a kind of protective shell of the roof from atmospheric influences.

Modern roofing is reliable and durable, and can be made from the most different materials: from ordinary wood to trendy polymers.

Existing types of roofing can be divided into 5 main types:

• film;
• mastic;
• sheet;
• roll;
• piece.

Film (membrane) roofing used for installation of public and industrial buildings with solid foundations made of concrete and slight slopes. The advantage of such a roof is its ease of installation. Laying the film is possible even on old roof coverings.

Mastic roofing applied to the base without using roll coatings. This material consists of viscous oligomeric substances, when solidified, a monolithic film is formed.

The mastic substance is ideal for working with bitumen, concrete and metal. In advantages mastic roofing– resistance to corrosion, oxidation, low and high temperatures. Lightweight material and elastic.

Sheet roofing, in turn, is divided by type of material:

• slate, including artificial;
• galvanized steel;
• aluminum;
• cardboard-bitumen sheet;
• metal tiles.

The main advantage of sheet roofing materials is durability, variety of colors and shapes.

Roll roofing includes bitumen and bitumen-polymer materials. They are mounted in two layers, fusing onto a concrete or metal base, or glued with mastic.

Roll roofing provides resistance to frost, high temperatures and rot.

Piece roofing materials include:

• tiles – concrete, metal, ceramic;
• slate;
• wood - planks, shingles, shingles.

Appearance ceramic tiles- photo of a roof with this type of roofing

Ceramic tiles- the most popular material. It can be used for more than a hundred years, is UV resistant and perfectly absorbs noise.

Types of roofing differ in the material they are made of, physical properties and purpose.

Soft roof

The most common method of roof waterproofing today is soft roof. It is durable, attractive and can be used for different types buildings. Fiberglass is used as the base for this coating.

Soft roofing is divided into several types:

Tiles (bitumen shingles). This material is very similar to natural tiles. However, it is flexible, which makes this roof easy to install. Advantages of soft tile roofing:

• resistance to corrosion and rotting;
• low thermal conductivity;
• tightness;
• Possibility of use on complex roofs;
• large selection of designs and colors.

PVC membranes. Membrane soft roofing is sheets a meter and a half wide, laid on adhesive double-sided material. The advantages of this coating:

• strength;
• resistance to frost and weathering;
• vapor permeability.

Rolls. Soft roll roofing is a carpet made from many layers: roofing felt, roofing felt, glassine and modern materials. Mounted by gluing to the base using burners. Advantages of roll roofing:

• waterproof;
• resistance to frost;
• low cost;
• ease of installation.

Metal roofing

The basis metal roofing usually make up sheet materials, which can last up to a hundred years.

Flat sheets. This type of roofing is made of galvanized and non-galvanized (black) steel. Pros of roofing made from flat metal sheets:

• light weight;
• the ability to mount a configuration of any complexity;
• good water drainage due to smoothness;
• fire resistance;
• ease of reconstruction;

Profiled sheet is the most popular roofing material in Russia

Profiled sheets. Most often this wavy leaf made of galvanized steel and aluminum (aluminum slate). The advantages of this coating:

• ease of material and installation;
• resistance to frost and corrosion.

Metal tiles. This roofing is made up of corrugated profiled sheets that look like natural tiles. Among the advantages of this roof:

• beautiful appearance;
• ease;
• corrosion resistance.

Flat roof

Roof flat type- this is a flooring made of layers of steam, heat and waterproofing, gravel and an outer layer - for example, paving slabs. This covering is installed on flat slopes.

The basis for a flat roof can be wood, metal, concrete, insulation and other coatings.

A flat roof can be:

1. Unexploited. Most cheap look due to non-susceptibility to loads.
2. Exploited. The most popular type. On such roofs you can install cafes, parking lots, etc.
3. Traditional. Such a roof is covered with a thermal insulation layer.
4. Inversion. The roof is quite complex to install and reconstruct: the insulation is mounted on a layer of waterproofing, and geotextiles and drainage protect the insulation from external influences. Then the paving slabs are laid.

Roll roofing

In the photo - polymer-bitumen roofing for the roof of the building

This multi-layer, durable coating has long been popular. This type of roofing is divided into several types:

Polymer-bitumen. It contains polypropylene and styrene-butadiene-styrene. The advantages include:

• UV and chemical resistance;
• service life up to 20 years.

Folded. This type of roofing consists of galvanized metal. Pros:

• 100% tight;
• Possibility of installation on a roof of any shape;
• silent installation.

Polymer. It is based on rubber and petroleum-polymer resins. Advantages:

• service life more than 20 years;
• Possibility of installation on steep slopes.

Bituminous. Made from oxidized bitumen.

Bitumen roofing is suitable for roofs with a slope of less than 250 and must be dismantled every 6 years.

Flexible tiles. This coating is a flat sheet based on fiberglass. Pros:

• service life more than 50 years;
• variety of shapes and colors.

Roofing for pitched roof

For pitched roofs, all types of roofing coverings are used: metal sheets, corrugated sheets, almost all types of tiles.

Photo of a roof with cement-sand tiles - the most durable tiles in existence

The best roofs for pitched roofs are:

• ondulin – easy to install;
• bitumen shingles are a cheap and durable material;
• cement-sand tiles are the leader in service life and reliability;
• metal tiles are a material with several types of shapes and dozens of colors.

Roofing for flat roof

Roofing materials used for flat roofs, are distinguished by reliability, ease of installation and maintenance, non-flammability and other qualities. The components of such a roof depend on its type:

• traditional (soft) consists of load-bearing slab, heat and vapor barrier (usually made of mineral wool), waterproofing layer made of bitumen-containing materials;
• the one in use has a rigid base (for example, concrete screed or corrugated board) and high-strength insulation.

Unexploited flat roof- appearance

Video

From the video you will learn how to choose the most economical roofing for the roof of a private house - real experience from an expert.

The construction market does not stand still. Constantly developing and incorporating cutting-edge materials into its assortment, it offers consumers various types roofs for use on any buildings: from industrial high-rises to small country houses.

The upper element of the roof, which protects the house from the influence of natural phenomena and mechanical influences, is called the roof. The roofing covering not only performs practical functions, but also creates general view the entire building. Therefore, choosing the optimal material for roofing is very important. Various types of roofing for the roofs of private houses can make an inexperienced person in these matters confused. But having at least general knowledge about the quality and functionality of a particular type of material, you can successfully select a suitable roofing covering.

What to pay attention to:

Fire resistance and durability;

Architectural solutions.

Metal roof

These types of roofing material for private house roofs are lightweight, which makes it possible to install them on lightweight roofs. The strength of metal tiles allows it to withstand human weight.

She has

Fire resistance and frost resistance;

Has a wide color palette, therefore, with its help you can realize the most daring design ideas and make a private home original and unusual;

In addition, the tiles can have a wave shape, be cascading, Roman, and vary in size and thickness.

Color solutions for metal tiles

Disadvantages of metal roofing:

Poor sound insulation of the house, which is especially noticeable during rain or hail;

Low level of thermal insulation;

A fragile protective layer that is easily susceptible to damage as a result of transportation or installation.

This is what a leaf looks like up close

The cost of such roofing material varies from 200 to 700 rubles per sheet.

Corrugated roofing

Profiled metal sheets, which have a wide color palette, are called corrugated sheets. They are usually made from galvanized steel and are shaped into a recognizable wave shape to provide rigidity.

Advantages of corrugated roofing:

Light weight;

Long service life;

Easy installation;

Environmental friendliness and versatility for any home;

Variety of colors;

Beautiful exterior of the house.

However, this roofing material also has a number of disadvantages:

The house heats up quickly in the sun;

May be subject to corrosion if damaged;

Has a high noise level during rain;

If the installation of corrugated sheeting was carried out by non-professionals, then the tightness may be compromised.

The cost of corrugated sheeting is small - from 150 rubles per linear meter.

Ondulin roof

To produce ondulin sheets, cellulose fiber, purified bitumen, and mineral filler are used and they are impregnated with polymer resin. This material for the roofing of a private house has high technical characteristics, which allows it to compete with other materials of this type.

The main advantages of ondulin roofing:

Environmental friendliness;

High noise insulation properties of the house;

This option is resistant to UV rays;

Resistance to fungi, mold, insect damage;

Light weight.

The disadvantages of ondulin are:

Weak resistance to temperature fluctuations;

Low level of fire safety;

Relatively short service life (up to 25 years).

The cost of variants of this roofing material ranges from 300 to 600 rubles per sheet measuring 1.95 * 0.96 m.

Slate roofing

This type of roofing material for the roof, like slate, is already very popular for a long time. It is made from a mixture based on asbestos and cement. Sometimes slate is painted in various colors to match the color of the house, but most often they are used in their original form, that is, in gray color.

Advantages of asbestos-cement slate:

Strength;

Does not warm up in the sun;

Does not conduct electricity;

Good maintainability;

Non-flammable;

Not susceptible to corrosion.

Photo of slate replacement

The disadvantages of slate roofing include:

Fragility of building materials;

Heavy weight;

Ability to absorb rain and melt water.

As for the cost, it is quite low - from 150 rubles for a standard sheet.

Flexible roof tiles

Flexible tiles have a high-tech and multi-layer structure and consist of fiberglass impregnated with bitumen and various polymer additives.

Advantages of flexible tile roofs:

Environmental friendliness and safety;

Flexibility and plasticity;

Water resistance;

Durability;

Respectable appearance;

Resistance to mechanical influences.

Flexible tiles can be of different colors

This type of roofing for the roofs of private houses has some disadvantages:

It is difficult to replace an individual element; the tiles quickly heat up in the scorching sun.

Also, the disadvantages include the high cost of such material - from 200 rubles per square meter.

Roll fused roofing

Multilayer guide roll material is made from fiberglass, polymers or bitumen.

Its advantages:

High strength, which reduces the likelihood of tearing during installation;

Good vapor permeability;

Ease;

Environmental friendliness;

Variety of designs;

Possibility of sealing seams by heat welding.

The disadvantages of this roofing option for the roofs of private houses include:

Not very attractive appearance;

Low fire resistance;

Possibility of sliding at large angles of inclination (30 degrees or more).

The price of such roofing material is small - from 350 rubles per roll of 9 m².

For a private house, as for any building, the roof is considered one of the most important architectural elements, influencing not only the durability of use, but also the quality of living, decorative appearance and technical specifications. These are very complex complex tasks, their implementation can only be ensured by well-thought-out and perfect designs from an engineering point of view.

Modern roofing materials and innovative construction technologies allow architects to realize even the most daring ideas. A large number of roof types puts inexperienced developers in a difficult position; they may like several options at the same time and make the final choice very difficult. This article is intended specifically for such readers; here they will be given brief description main types of roofs for a private house. At the same time, an objective description of both strong and weaknesses. Not only architectural advantages or disadvantages will be taken into account, but also the possibility of erecting such roofs in various climatic regions of our country.

The choice of roof is mainly influenced by three factors: reliability of the structure, comfort of living and designer look. Ideally, achieve simultaneous optimal combination all three are very difficult; during design, architects try to take special engineering solutions in each specific case to minimize negative aspects. Existing roof options are conventionally classified according to several criteria.

During the calculations, the individual characteristics of each building are taken into account, the requirements of the developers and the technical capabilities of the used structures are agreed upon. construction technologies and materials to ensure tightness, durability and safety of operation.

Flat roofs

In private homes, such options are quite rare; they are used only during the creation of exclusive projects of prestigious buildings. The overlap is most often from reinforced concrete slabs, can be used as ready-made elements factory production, as well as pouring concrete into prepared areas directly during the construction of the house. In terms of manufacturing costs, such roofs can be very cheap if they are ordinary, non-insulated ones. But there are also quite expensive design options for operational inversion structures. Such roofs have not only effective insulation and very reliable expensive waterproofing: they are placed on winter gardens, recreation areas on fresh air, swimming pools and even car parks.

The slope of flat roofs is no more than 10°, the roofing is only soft roll roofing made from the most modern materials using modified bitumen. Synthetic materials of varying strength are used as the base, which are not afraid of moisture and can withstand significant mechanical loads. A common disadvantage of flat roofs is the lack of attic space.

Pitched roofs

Very large group rafter systems with several slopes. The specific type of structure depends on their number, size and shape. The slope of the slopes is more than 10°; any types of modern roofing materials can be used on them.

Table. Types of pitched roofs

Pitched roof type	Brief description of technical parameters and performance characteristics
	The simplest and until recently the most used roof option, universal application, which can be installed in all climate zones of our country without exception. Attic spaces are mostly non-residential, but there are options for reconstructing them for use.
	Already more complex design, resembles gables. The difference from the first ones is that each slope consists of two parts connected at different angles. Thanks to an original engineering solution, it is possible to significantly increase the height of attic spaces, making it possible to convert them into residential ones. This is the type of roof that most houses with attics have. Hence the second name broken roofs- attic. The rafter system is more complex than the gable system; there are also specific requirements for the technology of laying roofing materials. Due to the fact that the slopes have an obtuse angle of inclination, there are no valleys on the roofs - the most complex elements for sealing. This is where leaks most often occur, and there are several reasons for this phenomenon, and most of them do not depend on the skill and conscientiousness of the builders.
	The structures can be considered a type of gable, ordinary or broken. The difference is that half-hip roofs have small slopes above the gables. These types of roofs do not have pronounced operational advantages over broken roofs, but in some regions they are considered traditional and are found everywhere. Half-hip roofs have a more complex rafter system and the length of the ridge is reduced. Size calculations are made taking into account the angle of inclination of each slope.
	Such roofs can be seen mostly in mountainous areas. Reason – hip structures do not depend on the direction of the prevailing winds, they equally resist wind and snow loads on all sides. They can have a fairly large attic height, which makes it possible to adapt them to attic spaces. The rafter system is expensive and requires a large amount of very high-quality lumber.
	The most complex of all types of pitched options. They can only bet experienced craftsmen, designs are used only on prestigious houses with exclusive projects. They have many valleys and junctions at different angles. All these elements are classified as complex; their sealing is carried out according to a special algorithm and requires special additional elements for roofing materials.

Warm and cold roofs

Choice of warm or cold roof depends on how you plan to use it attic spaces.

Cold roofs

Previously, in our country there were only such types, this is the simplest and cheap design. The rafter system does not provide for the presence of counter-battens; the attic space is ventilated through natural cracks. There are no restrictions on the use of coating materials.

When constructing a “cold” roof, the roofing covering is attached directly to the sheathing boards

Important. Some builders, due to insufficient qualifications or a desire to earn more money, install vapor barriers on ordinary cold roofs. Their actions not only do not have any positive effect, but also have a very negative impact.

Why is this happening? It's simple. It is even theoretically impossible to make any vapor barrier completely airtight; steam always gets into the cracks and condensation will form. The installed vapor protection critically violates natural ventilation, condensate is very difficult to remove. This means that wooden elements rafter systems are used for a long time in a wet state. There is no need to talk about the consequences. It turns out that, for their own money, developers worsen the performance characteristics of the house and shorten its service life. We must remember that premature roof repair is a difficult and expensive task. Vapor barrier and wind protection are necessary only when the roof is insulated and mineral wool is used as a material. Only this material reacts very negatively to an increase in relative humidity and requires protection.

Prices for corrugated sheets

Corrugated sheet

Warm roofs

Currently they have very widespread among home owners. Such roofs allow the use of attic spaces as living spaces, these are the so-called. The emergence of new technologies and materials on the construction market has made it possible to significantly improve the performance characteristics of structures and increase their service life.

Warm roofs are quite complex structures from an engineering point of view and consist of several layers.

1. Roof. All materials existing today can be used.
2. Lathing. The roof is attached to it; the specific type is selected taking into account the characteristics of the material.

   

3. Counter-lattice. Provides effective ventilation of the under-roof space. Minimum distance between the counter-lattice and the roofing covering is at least five centimeters. This prerequisite, this is the only way to ensure normal air flow.
4. Wind and waterproofing. It allows steam to pass through and protects the insulation from heat removal by air currents. You need to buy an expensive, state-of-the-art membrane. It allows water vapor to escape, but does not let back drops of condensation falling from the coating. In addition, the membranes are not blown by the wind.

   

   Waterproofing and windproof membrane - important element roofing pie

5. Insulation. Polystyrene foam or mineral wool can be used. Polystyrene foam is used less frequently due to unsatisfactory performance characteristics. But modern types of it are allowed by regulatory organizations for insulating roofs (mainly from the inside), you just need to purchase the appropriate brands of insulation. Mineral wool can be rolled or pressed. All other insulation materials are not recommended for use due to low efficiency and high technological complexity.
6. Vapor protection. Reduces the amount of steam penetrating into the insulation. The vapor barrier must be installed as carefully as possible. The less moisture in mineral wool, the lower its thermal conductivity, and this is the main parameter of all insulation materials.

   

If the technology for creating a pie is violated, then big problems arise during the operation of the attic premises.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Original roof design solutions for private houses

Modern technologies and a wide selection of building materials make it possible to embody a wide variety of ideas when constructing roofs, therefore, along with non-standard, rather original designs, they are found everywhere.

1. Tent. According to the classification, these types of roofs can be classified as hip. The difference is that if simple hip ones have four completely identical slopes, then tented ones have three, five or more slopes. All slopes have one point of upper contact and are completely symmetrical. They are used very rarely for several reasons: they are difficult to install, the number of slopes must correspond to the number of facade walls. Rarely found residential buildings with three or five walls, they are inconvenient for living, difficulties arise during planning interior spaces. Only individual exclusive projects take into account this type of roof and, accordingly, the section of the house plan. Two more problems are a large percentage of unproductive waste of expensive roofing materials and the complexity of installation. An important advantage is resistance to strong multidirectional wind loads.

   

   Hip roof - outside and inside views

2. Dome. They are very rare and have a round shape. Not all modern materials are suitable for coating; piece tiles or copper sheets are most often used. It is recommended that such a roof is not installed on the entire structure, but only on individual decorative architectural elements.

   

3. Spire-shaped. They have a large number of slopes located at a large angle. They often perform decorative tasks and can be found on historical and religious buildings. Disadvantages - very difficult to design and construct, labor-intensive design. Craftsmen with climbing equipment are allowed to carry out the work. Repairs can be carried out by specially trained personnel.

   

4. Vaulted. The structures have a parabolic or round shape. They are rare and only in individual projects, can cover houses with a large area. Architects recommend using such roofs when building cottage complexes.

   

The roof design must take into account not only the wishes of the developers, but also the requirements of building codes and regulations. In all cases, the safety and reliability of the roof comes first; only after solving these problems is attention paid to the design appearance.

Prices for various types of timber

Video - Roof options for a private house

You have read a short list of possible typical options roofs of a private house. A wide variety of architectural solutions allows developers to choose the appropriate option for themselves. We would like to draw your attention to another very original solution – a reed roof. You can read how to do it at.