We repair the gas water heater ourselves. Internal structure of a geyser Rules for installing a geyser

Despite the widest range in the market of electrical heating appliances, the gas water heater still remains one of the most popular means of heating a home and providing it hot water. This is a fairly economical option, since it allows you to simultaneously provide several water collection points in the house. Another advantage of geysers is that they allow you to use hot water practically unlimitedly, without any restrictions.

Basic elements

The structure of a gas water heater looks something like this.

Water flow regulator.
Connection to the chimney.
Power control.
Heat exchanger.
Water node.
Hood for hood.
Switch.
Rear panel.
Gas valve consisting of membranes.
Ignition.
Gas unit.

Two pipes are connected to the gas water heater. The first of them is intended for supplying gas, the second is for supplying cold water. In addition, there is a pair of burners located below, one auxiliary, one main.

Important! The design of a gas water heater can be different, depending on the ignition method - it (ignition) can be electronic, manual, or using a piezoelectric element.

How does a gas water heater work?

Such devices are intended to provide hot water to domestic and industrial facilities. The essence of their work is quite simple: cold water from the pipeline enters the heat exchanger of the column, where it is heated by burners (they are located under the heat exchanger). As you know, fire needs oxygen, so to prevent the burners from going out, the column is connected to ventilation system houses/apartments. The exhaust gas is eliminated through a special chimney, which is combined exclusively with a gas water heater.

What you should pay attention to when choosing a water heater

All of the described types of speakers function slightly differently.

So, if the device is turned on manually, that is, the gas has to be ignited with matches, the burner will ignite when you turn the fuel supply valve. Although it is worth noting that such designs have long been outdated. Modern designs equipped with either electronic ignition or a piezoelectric element.

New models are activated with one click of a button located on the front panel of the device. Piezo ignition creates a spark that ignites the igniter. In the future, everything happens automatically - the tap opens, the water heater lights up, and hot water begins to flow.

If the geyser is ignited electronically, then it is perhaps the most reliable and durable device. The system is turned on by a pair of batteries that supply the charge necessary to produce a spark. No buttons, no matches, the only thing you need to do to turn it on is open the tap. In most cases, batteries last a very long time, since the energy required to charge is minimal.

Causes of problems and DIY repairs

The use of geysers, however, like any other equipment, is accompanied by malfunctions, frequent or rare. At the same time, there are some malfunctions that can only be eliminated by specialists who have the necessary knowledge and permission to do so. But there are also some that can be easily eliminated with your own hands, so we will consider them.

Video - sensor malfunction

Video - repair of a Chinese gas water heater

Important! You can check the draft of a chimney in the old “old-fashioned” way: bring a lit match to it. If the fire on the match deviates in the direction of the chimney, then everything is fine with it. If this does not happen, then it needs complete cleaning.

It is for this reason geyser should be examined annually - this is the only way it will work correctly.

Features of operation

Modern gas water heaters are small in size and compact, so they can be placed in almost any convenient place. Their service life depends largely on how correctly they are installed and used in the future.

As you know, the design of the gas water heater is such that it has to work with quite dangerous fuel. For this reason, during installation, make sure that, God forbid, there is no gas leak. If you can't take care of it for one reason or another, or worse, you can't fix all the leaks, then further exploitation will turn into a dangerous activity, which sooner or later may lead to an explosion.

For this reason, it is strictly not recommended to install a gas water heater with your own hands. It is better for professionals who have all the necessary skills, experience, and appropriate equipment to do this.

So, for installation you need the following tools:

dowels;
magnetic and salt filter;
drill;
required number of taps;
pipeline;
chimney corrugation;
gas pipe;
Mayevsky valve;
actually, the column itself.

The device is installed only in the kitchen and only on a wall that is made of fire-resistant material. The distance from the column to the wall surface should be at least 2 centimeters; if it’s larger, then that’s even better. An asbestos sheet should also be laid here, which should have a thickness of at least 0.3 centimeters.

Important! The apartment/house must have a chimney that will remove gas combustion products. It will consist not only of vertical, but also of horizontal sections, and on them it must go at a slope (approximately 0.2 centimeters per linear meter).

To prevent the pipeline from accidentally bursting, the geyser should be installed only when the water is completely drained from the system.

But installation, as we have already said, is not the most important thing. It is also important that the device is used correctly, for which certain operating rules must be followed. If you don’t do this, then even the most expensive and high-quality model will soon break down. So we want to prevent that from happening. Firstly, we should not heat the water to a temperature that would exceed 60 degrees. The point is that it's too much high temperature will lead to the formation of salt scale on the walls of the heat exchanger. The result is more frequent cleaning or, worse, replacement of the heat exchanger.

In addition, we can damage the design of the heat exchanger by using too hard water. To avoid this, soften the water using special means, or install a special filter in the system.

The right choice of geysers

If you decide to purchase a geyser device, then pay attention, first of all, to the power of the model you choose. It should be enough to provide all members of your family with hot water. Power of almost everyone modern models fits in the range from 3 to 60 kilowatts.

Important! The more powerful the gas water heater, the larger volume of water it will be able to heat over a certain period of time.

The average “cell of society”, consisting of four people, needs a device whose power averages 16-24 kilowatts. There is more than enough for the dishes to be washed and everyone to take a shower. Even if the device has low power at 16 kilowatts, then it will be able to produce 10 liters hot water, which is enough to be able to bathe and wash dishes at the same time. Of course, if you can, then buy a column with a power of 24 kilowatts, as it can provide 24 liters of heated water.

In addition, it is advisable to take into account the water temperature that a particular model can provide. To designate it, the Latin letters DT are used. For example, if water already enters the heat exchanger at a temperature of 12 degrees, then it will heat up to 24 degrees. therefore, it can be used even without prior dilution.

Today there are models that can heat water even up to 50 degrees. Their power, as well as their cost, is an order of magnitude higher than conventional models. For this reason, if several plumbing elements are simultaneously connected to the system, then it is better to purchase a more powerful column so that it can provide them all with hot water at the same time.

Also, when buying a gas water heater, check whether it is equipped with safety sensors. They are of the following types:

overheating;
burner extinction;
combustion;
low blood pressure;
temperature;
sudden interruption of water supply.

And remember: geysers are only allowed to be installed in the kitchen! Installing a geyser in the bathroom is prohibited! Unless it (the bathroom) meets all existing requirements.

As a conclusion

So, we have looked at what a geyser is, what its features are, what malfunctions may arise during operation and how to repair them later. We only note that such devices are extremely economical, especially in light of ever-increasing utility tariffs. And lastly: do not forget that preventive maintenance of the column’s performance should be carried out annually.

Install instantaneous water heaters started back in the days when there was no hot water supply. Old-style models are still found in some “Stalin” and “Khrushchev” buildings. However, the residents modern houses do not refuse to install heating equipment, which is associated with seasonal shutdowns.

You just need to take into account that the old and new models are slightly different in the type of control. How to use a gas water heater correctly? If you have any difficulties with this, our article will help you solve them.

The principle of operation of the technology

It is easier to remember the rules for using the device when you understand its structure. Regardless of the manufacturer, all geysers - “Neva”, “” and others - have the same design. Only the location of the nodes can change.

Main nodes:

Heat exchanger;
Manifold for gas removal;
Ignition unit;
Burner;
Water and gas fittings.

The column lining is made in the form of a metal casing - in some models it has an inspection window. The panel contains power and temperature regulators. Electronic control is complemented by a display.

Ignition block. Depending on the type of ignition, the product has a piezo ignition button or electronic battery activation button.

Semi-automatic models. Piezo ignition can be triggered in different ways. In some cases, you need to hold the button and press the power control. The wick will burn until you turn off the device yourself. It is recommended to turn off the burner after use or when leaving home. This way you can save gas and extend the life of the device.
Automatic equipment is more expensive, but is economical to operate. The wick does not burn continuously. The burner lights up only when the mixer is opened and goes out when closed. The electric charge is sent by batteries or a turbine. Batteries need to be changed periodically, and to normal operation turbines need to ensure stable pressure in the line.

Electronic devices may be equipped with a flame regulator. With reduced pressure, the modulator allows you to adjust the heating power so as to obtain set temperature heating water.

Manifold with outlet pipe. Located at the top. Pipes are connected to the pipe to discharge combustion products to the street. In devices with closed camera The combustion manifold is located at the bottom and is equipped with a fan for forced removal of fumes. These are turbocharged models such as “Neva Turbo”, “Neva Lux 8224”, Bosch WTD.

Columns trademark"Astra" and "" are produced only with an open combustion chamber.

Heat exchanger (radiator) is the main part in the water heater. Water flows through its tubes, which is heated by a burner. A high-quality radiator is made from pure copper. If impurities are added to the alloy, the assembly quickly burns out and leaks. Read the article « » to find out more about its design.

Burner located under the radiator located. A reliable housing must be made of steel. The part distributes the flame among the nozzles to uniformly heat the heat exchanger.

Gas unit may be located on top of the water one (in older models) or to the right of it. Operation is regulated by turning the gas on and off.

Water block is located nearby, thanks to which fuel enters the system. When water is started in the system, pressure is created, which causes it to bend rubber membrane. It pushes out a rod that turns the fuel valve.

An ignition device is located near the burner. The equipment is also equipped with protection sensors:

The draft sensor monitors the presence of draft in the system;
Ionization sensor - control of the presence of flame;
Thermostat - temperature measurement, protection against overheating over 90 degrees.

When one of the sensors is triggered, the device turns off.

Electrical diagram of the device:

Features of operation

There are a number of provisions and rules according to which the use of gas equipment. Let's consider the basic requirements for open-type speakers:

It is impossible to start work in the absence of draft in the chimney or in the presence of reverse draft;
It is not allowed to turn on and ignite without studying the operating instructions;
For normal operation it is necessary natural ventilation(window, vent);
It is prohibited to independently change the design of the equipment.

Dispensers with an open combustion chamber are most at risk of gas leakage. If you smell it, then:

Close the valve;
Open the windows and ventilate the room;
Do not light a fire until the room is completely ventilated;
Contact the repair service.

Before starting the appliance, check the presence of draft in the chimney.

How to properly check

There are two “folk” ways of checking:

Take a piece of paper and hold it near the chimney or ventilation. If the leaf tightens, it means the shaft is working properly. If it falls, you need to clean the hole.
Light a match and bring it to the viewing window. Does the flame deviate to the side? Then you can start the column. If it burns smoothly, check the chimney.

It also happens that everything is in order with the mine, but there is no traction. The room may not be ventilated, so there is no air flow for combustion.

How to turn on the water heater

Before turning on any equipment, there must be water in the heat exchanger. Therefore, you should first open the water valve.

Electric models:

Insert batteries into the battery compartment;
In some cases, you need to turn the power or temperature switch;
Open the gas valve;
Turn on the mixer on the hot position, which will ignite.

If there is a long break in the operation of the device, airlock, which is why the burner does not ignite the first time. Workaround: open and close the mixer several times until ignition occurs.

Semi-automatic devices:

Start the fuel supply;
Set the power and hold the piezo ignition button until the wick ignites;
When you turn on the water, the burner will light up.

It is not difficult to launch modern equipment. What about an old-style product?

Ignition of the column obsolete type

A device with manual ignition is considered obsolete. The design provides for constant burning of the wick and manual shutdown. Ignition occurs from a burning match, less often - using piezo ignition. These include: “Iskra KGI-56”, series L, GVA, VPG. They are equipped with a turn signal or lever to regulate the temperature.

The operating principle is the same as that of modern models. The only difference is in the features of turning on the heating. If this is your first time launching, then you should know that:

There must be a constant flow of air in the room with the column. This is important to keep the flame burning. Therefore in kitchen doors There is a 5 cm gap at the bottom. If installed plastic windows- a ventilation valve is required;
It is necessary to regularly check for traction;
Check the condition of the gas valve. Open it up and lubricate the connections soap solution. If bubbles appear, there is a leak.

For ignition, it is more convenient to use long matches that can easily reach the igniter.

Launch of KGI-56

Turn the fuel and water valves. Now turn the left control all the way to the left. Hold the button solenoid valve, if provided in the product. Continuing to press the button, ignite the igniter with a match. After this:

Open the hot water faucet;
To light the burner, turn the other knob to the left.

Done, you can go take a shower.

Switching on devices of type L, GVA, VPG

Start as with other types by supplying gas and water. Move the knob on the panel to the first position. Press the valve release button and hold a match to the igniter. Hold the button for another 10 seconds. Just as in the first case, turn on the tap and quickly turn the regulator to the maximum level. After ignition, you can start using it.

2017-03-10 Evgeniy Fomenko

Let's consider characteristic malfunctions geyser Mila, and what kind of repairs you can do with your own hands. For example, let's take the automatic model Milla VPG 10 LCD with open type combustion chambers. All renovation work are made after closing the gas valve in the apartment.

Heat exchanger leak

One of the most common breakdowns is leaking heat exchanger pipes. The manufacturer tries to make the pipe walls thin, thereby reducing heat loss. One of side effects This means that the likelihood of fistula formation increases.

If water begins to slowly drip from the bottom of the Mila water heater, you need to remove the casing and carefully inspect the heat exchanger. Large holes will be visible by drops of water, smaller ones by rusty traces of a greenish tint. Since the heat exchanger makes up most of the price of the entire apparatus, you can do partial renovation with your own hands:

After the fistula is eliminated, water is introduced into the column and its operation is checked with both cold and heated liquid. You can additionally wipe it with a dry cloth to make sure there are no small smudges.

Membrane damage

The next common failure is deformation of the water block membrane. It is responsible for opening the gas when the water pressure is strong enough. Since it is flexible and made of silicone or rubber, it can stretch or tear over time.

Signs of this will be too weak a flame or no flame at all. Water may also begin to leak from under the water unit cover.

To replace the membrane, remove the casing and unscrew the union nuts at the place where the pipes are connected to the water unit. Next, the bolts from the cover are unscrewed and the membrane is removed. It is important to buy exactly the same model; the markings can be found in the instruction manual or go to the store with a removed example. When installing, make sure not to mix up the sides and align all the holes. After replacement, the device is assembled in the same way.

Electronic malfunctions

The column may not light up if it has run out of nutrients. In this case, a spark is produced, but its power is not sufficient to ignite. The control electrode does not give a signal and the gas does not start. This can be solved by replacing the batteries. To do this, you do not need to disassemble the water heater; the container is located below. It is best to purchase expensive alkaloid batteries, which will last many times longer.

Geyser electronics unit

If replacing the batteries did not solve the problem, the speaker control unit may have failed. In this case, you need to contact specialists who will find what exactly is faulty in the electronics.

2017-03-10 Evgeniy Fomenko

Let's look at the typical malfunctions of the Mila gas water heater, and what repairs you can do yourself. For example, let's take the automatic model Milla VPG 10 LCD with an open combustion chamber. All repair work is carried out after turning off the gas valve in the apartment.

Heat exchanger leak

One of the most common breakdowns is leaking heat exchanger pipes. The manufacturer tries to make the pipe walls thin, thereby reducing heat loss. One of the side effects of this is that it increases the likelihood of fistula formation.

Membrane damage

Signs of this will be too weak a flame or no flame at all. Water may also begin to leak from under the water unit cover.

Electronic malfunctions

Geyser electronics unit

If replacing the batteries did not solve the problem, the speaker control unit may have failed. In this case, you need to contact specialists who will find what exactly is faulty in the electronics.