How much cement per cube of mortar, sand consumption. Standard consumption of cement and sand per cube of mortar Mortar grade 100 proportions per 1 m3

Mortar is used everywhere in construction: for laying walls, screeding, plastering surfaces and in many other cases. The main composition of any solution includes a binder (cement, lime), fine aggregate and water. Most often, a mixture consisting of cement, sand, water and other additives (lime, plasticizers, etc.) is used. And to prepare it, you need to know the sand consumption per 1 m3 of solution, so as not to buy too much.

The technology for preparing the solution is quite simple: first, cement and sand are mixed in a mixer in the required proportions, and then water is added to obtain the mixture of the desired consistency. An important step in preparing any type of solution is the correct dosage of the components. So, if there is insufficient amount of cement, a thin solution is obtained, and if there is too much of it, a fatty solution is obtained. It would seem that a mixture with a large amount of cement should have increased strength and durability, but in fact such a mixture, after drying, will crack.

Depending on specific requirements the solution can have grades from M25 to M200. The grade of the solution is the limit of its compressive strength. Increasing or decreasing the brand of solutions depends on the proportions of the main components (cement: sand) or the brand of binder, if the proportion does not change.

By purpose mortar mixtures are divided into: masonry mixtures (used for laying walls), plaster mixtures (for plastering surfaces) and construction mixtures for laying screeds and other purposes.

How to calculate sand consumption per 1 m3 of solution

In order to find out the amount of sand per cube of solution, you need to know the proportion. So, to obtain the M100 grade of mortar when using M400 cement, the proportion of cement and sand is 1 to 4, the same amount of water is used as cement. From this it turns out that you need 6 parts per cube various materials, that is, approximately 1.6 for each part, from here the starting ratio of sand cement and water 1:4:1 will take the form 1.6:6.4:1.6. Knowing that in a cube of 1000 liters of solution, you can calculate the approximate ratio of materials 160:640:160

From the above formula you can calculate required quantity cement and sand, but now in kilograms. To do this, you need to know that a 10 liter bucket of sand weighs 12 kilograms, and a bucket of cement weighs 14 kilograms. We need to find out the weight of sand per cube of grade 100 solution, for this we do the calculations (640/10) × 12 = 770 kilograms. This value given for dry sand, but in practice such sand is rarely used, so the consumption of sand per cube of solution can reach up to 1000 kg/m3.

Without cement mortar no construction is possible. A properly composed cement-sand mixture is the key to ensuring that the object will be durable and last for a long time. There are no trifles in the preparation and preparation of cement mortar; even minor details are important here.

Peculiarities

IN modern construction Most often, a cement mixture is used, which is mixed in certain proportions with sand.

There are several options for cement mixtures that are in demand, namely:

to make a screed, a mixture is taken in a ratio of cement to water of 1: 3, additives and fiber fiber are also often added;
for masonry, use a solution of 1: 4, cement grade not lower than M200;
for plastering, a mixture of 1: 1: 5.5: 0.4 (cement, slaked lime, sand, clay) is usually used - this is an M50 solution.

The concentration of cement in different mixtures per 1 cubic meter of solution can vary significantly. This fact depends on the types of work and the intensity of mechanical loads experienced by various structural fragments. Novice builders often do not pay due attention to the proportions of materials in cement mixtures, thinking that this issue is insignificant. This is a deep misconception, because correctly composed shares per m³ are the main guarantee that the object will be strong and durable. It is recommended to take the issues of cement mortar composition seriously.

Consumption rate

To work with cement mortar you will need the following tools:

concrete mixer;
device for weighing bulk substances;

buckets in which the mixture is hung;
calculator;
a table that indicates the density coefficients of sand, gravel, cement, and lime mixture per 1 m².

Typically, mortar compositions include one binder. Such a solution is called simple. But there are also mixed solutions, to which several plasticizers can be added. If the solution comes only with the addition of sand, then it turns out to be quite dense and heavy in weight. It ranges from 1680 to 2100 kg per cubic meter of volume; in lighter solutions this figure is noticeably lower - up to 1650 kg per cubic meter.

What does it depend on?

The mechanical strength of cement mortar can be of such gradations as 2, 4, 10 and 25. Guided by tables and standards, it is possible to reduce the consumption of such a valuable material as cement without compromising the strength of the structure. Usually for construction work For example, grade 400 cement is used for screeding. The most common solutions are M25 and M50. To prepare M25, you will need a ratio of sand to cement of 5: 1. To make the M50 substance, you will need a ratio of 4: 1. This composition dries within three days with a layer thickness of 1 cm. Sometimes wood concrete or PVA glue is added, then the coating is obtained even more stronger.

You should pay attention to the consumption of cement when you need to prepare one cube of concrete.

TO important indicators, by which the quality of the solution is determined, include:

density;
viscosity;
setting time.

In order for the mixture to be of high quality, it must be well mixed. The proportions of sand and cement consumption must be observed. The M600 grade solution requires the presence of cement in a ratio of 1: 3. If M400 grade cement is present in the work, then the ratio is 1: 2.

It should be taken into account that when calculating the amount of cement to obtain the required volume, it should be multiplied by a factor of 1.35, because there is the addition of water and various additives. One cubic meter of solution will require about 68 bags of cement weighing 50 kg. The most popular grades of cement for building foundations are M200, M250 and M300. The foundation requires a solution that will have an optimal compression ratio.

If the cement grade is M100, then the following density will be present per cube:

M100 –175 kg/m³;
M150 – 205 kg/m³;
M200 – 245 kg/m³;
M250 – 310 kg/m³.

For plastering works by one square meter with a layer thickness of 1 cm, about 2 mm of cement will be required. With such a layer thickness, the material hardens well, without deforming or cracking.

To lay cinder blocks you will need the following ratios:

M150 – 220 kg/m³;
M200 – 180 kg/m³;
M300 – 125 kg/m³;
M400 – 95 kg/m³.

When finishing facades, special pigments and semi-additives are often used, as well as salt and soap solution, which improve the quality of materials. When preparing the mixture, the dry substance is first thoroughly mixed, only then the liquid is added. The mixture is usually prepared in small quantities because it has the ability to set quickly. To make grades M150 and M200, a ratio of cement and sand of 1:4 is required. If you need a solution of grade M400, then this composition has a proportion of 1:3.

Concrete is in greatest demand in construction. Its main components are crushed stone, water, sand, cement. It is important to initially understand for what purpose the concrete will be used. Its consumption is on average about 245–325 kg. It all depends on the brand of cement, in what ratio and proportions the mixture is prepared.

How to calculate?

Higher grades of cement are used, as a rule, in industry to create durable structures. In domestic and civil construction, their use occurs in rare cases.

Grade 500 cement is often used to create load-bearing structures such as piles, slabs and support beams. This cement performs well in low temperatures, has high anti-corrosion properties. It is also often used in construction various floors, beams and slabs. To the characteristics of this cement It also has good frost resistance and water resistance, and it also has excellent anti-corrosion ability and is therefore often used during emergency work.

It is recommended to follow guidelines regarding proportions. The presence of cement directly affects the plasticity of concrete and its other indicators. The most commonly used ratios are: cement (1 kg), sand (3 kg) and crushed stone (5 kg). Sometimes they also add a little glass to the composition, which makes it even stronger. With this ratio, the concrete mixture will be very strong. Any deviations from the prescribed proportions lead to a poor-quality composition. The grade used to produce this material should be, on average, twice the grade of the resulting concrete.

For convenience in work, 50 kg bags of cement are usually used. As an example, to obtain M200 concrete, four bags of cement should be used. For masonry, a lime-based mortar is often used, which differs good performance by plasticity.

If you need to plaster facades, then such mixtures are optimal for such work. For load-bearing walls Cement of a higher grade is used, this will provide additional strength to the object. The binder material M500 is used in a ratio of 1: 4, if the grade of cement is M400, then the ratio is correspondingly 1: 3. When the mixture is made by hand, cement is usually used, the grade of which is twice the grade of the resulting product. For example, if it is necessary to obtain a mixture of grade M100, then the cement should be grade M200.

Calculation of wall area

One cubic meter contains 482 bricks measuring 242x120x64 mm. The consumption of bricks for masonry depends on the thickness of the walls. Optimally suited for Russian realities external walls, made of two bricks. A single brick has dimensions of 252x120x65 mm, one-and-a-half - 252x120x87 mm, double - 252x120x138 mm. Based on these indicators, it is easy to calculate how many bricks are required per 1 m².

If we talk about the consumption of cement for masonry, then this indicator depends largely on the thickness of the seam. This parameter is usually 15 mm. It should also be taken into account that for sand-lime brick Much more mortar is needed than for facing. The largest amount of mortar is used for hollow bricks; in this case, the cement-sand mixture is made in a dry form 1:4. Add a little water to a small container and add the cement-sand substance, stirring it until it becomes semi-liquid.

Laying hollow bricks requires the most mortar. For such masonry, a seam of at least 0.2 cubic meters of mortar will be required, taking into account that the width of the brick is 12 cm. If you make masonry with one brick, then 0.23 m³ of mortar will be required, with one and a half stones, 0.16 m³ will be required. The amount of liquid solution consumed should also be taken into account.

From the student construction team I remember the ratio of cement and sand in the mortar is 1:3. Water was added “by eye”, and the mixture was universal. It was used everywhere - for plastering, masonry, sealing joints, repairing spillway trays, fastening curb stones, etc. Sometimes cement and water were added if a more durable solution was needed. Preparation different brands It’s not just the construction technology that requires mixtures for certain jobs – it’s not at all necessary to spend extra money for unnecessary quality unless necessary. We will tell you about the brands of mortars and the ratios of components for their preparation. You will also learn what types of work each brand is used for and how to make the solution correctly.

In construction, mortars are plastic mixtures of several mineral components and water. As a result of hardening of the binder (cement, gypsum, lime), a durable material is formed in about three weeks. artificial stone, connecting individual building elements and materials. Solutions can be divided according to several characteristics:

The solution differs from concrete in the absence of coarse aggregate – crushed stone. There are several classifications of mixtures:

Based on dry density, solutions are:
- heavy sand more than 1500 kg/m³;
- lightweight up to 1500 kg/m³ (from tuff, pumice, slag);
by type of binder:
- There are three types of solutions according to their intended purpose:
  - Masonry (for laying bricks, etc.);
  - Finishing (for plastering, finishing, decoration, etc.);
  - Special (acoustic, radioprotective, grouting, etc.).
- By properties:
  - Strength;
  - Frost resistance.

The standards for performing a particular construction operation imply the use of a certain brand of mortar. Attempts to make an “equivalent replacement” are usually fraught with either additional financial costs, or, what is much worse, insufficient strength of the object being built. As you know, the main component of such mixtures is cement. There is no way to make mistakes with it: a shortage of even one kilogram can lead to a significant deterioration in the parameters of the solution. The brand and quantity of this material are determined depending on the type of mixture being prepared.

Cement consumption for different solutions

Traditionally, the grade of cement should be at least twice that of the mixture. For example, to prepare a solution of M200, cements M400 and M500 are used, for M100 - M300, M400, M500, etc. The amount of material also directly depends on the brands - it and the mixture. We present to your attention a small indicative table. You can find out the cost here.

Brand of solution	Cement M200, kg	M300, kg	M400, kg	M500, kg
M50	270	175	130	-
M75	395	260	195	155
M100	-	335	250	200
M150	-	465	345	275
M200	-	-	445	355
M300	-	-	600	510

Consumption of materials for screed and masonry

Regardless of the purpose of the mixture, to obtain cubic meter usually a cube of sand is required. When creating concrete screed the amount of cement is usually determined based on a ratio of 1:3. That is, for education the right mixture on average, approximately 330 liters are needed, which equals about 465 kg. For screed, building mixtures M150 and M200 are most often used, for which cement M400 and M500 is used - 490 and 410 kg per cubic meter, respectively.

When constructing walls using a sand-cement mixture, the traditional ratio is 1:4. This means that in most cases 350 kg or seven standard fifty kg bags will suffice. When laying sand-lime brick, even less is required - approximately 0.22 m³. For load-bearing walls, higher grades of cement are used. If there is lime in the solution, then the proportion is 1:3, if the base is clay, then 1:9. Water is usually added “by eye” in accordance with how thick the consistency the master wants to get.

Much also depends on the characteristics of the material at the time of calculation: its viscosity, density, drying rate, etc. More details about the requirements for cement for various building mixtures can be found in the relevant SNiP. The figures indicated in the review are indicative.

cemtown.ru

How to dilute cement with sand: exact proportions?

In order for a building or structure to serve the required period and longer, it is very important to strictly adhere to construction technologies, including strictly maintaining the ratio of cement and sand in masonry, plaster and other cement-sand mortars.

Sand preparation

each brand of mortar has its own proportions of cement and sand

In accordance with regulatory documents in construction technologies The following brands are used cement-sand mortars:

Solutions for plastering: M10, 25 and 50;
Mortars for laying “stone” materials (brick, wood concrete, cinder block, foam block, shell rock): M50, 75,100,150 and M200;
Solutions for screeds, blind areas and other highly loaded areas: M150, 200.

Table of proportions for cement and sand mortar

Brand of binder (cement)	Brands of solutions. Binder proportions: sand
Brand of binder (cement)	200	150	100	75	50	25	10
M500	1:3	1:4	1:5	1:6
M400	1:2,2	1:3	1:4	1:5	1:8
M300	1:2,5	1:3	1:4	1:6	1:9
M200				1:2,5	1:4	1:7
M150						1:4	1:9

At home, mixing the components is done in a metal or plastic container: a household trough made of galvanized steel, old bath, basin or special construction trough.

Sand preparation

Before adding sand to cement, sift through a sieve or through the armored mesh of an old bed installed at an angle to the horizontal;
If sand contaminated with soil or clay is purchased, it is washed with water by soaking;
Dry in the sun or in a warm room.

It is best to first mix dry sand with cement in the required proportion, then sift it through a sieve. Next, clean water is gradually added to the sifted mixture and mixed until the solution reaches the consistency of “homemade” sour cream.

Control of readiness - a portion of the solution remains on the surface of the mat or spatula and does not spread. The finished material should be consumed within 1.5 to a maximum of 2 hours.

Due to the fact that very often non-professional developers are interested in how many kilograms of cement need to be added to 1 m3 of sand, we provide a table of the consumption of different grades of cement per “cubic meter” of sand.

Binder grade	Brand of solution. Amount of cement (kg) per “cubic meter” of sand
Binder grade	200	150	100	75	50	25	10
M500	358	278	202	163
M400	450	350	248	202	145
M300	470	342	268	180	105
M200				402	280	150
M150						205	95

The above tabular data was calculated and tabulated in accordance with the current code building codes and rules SN 290-74.

salecement.ru

What is the rate of cement consumption per 1 m3 of mortar/concrete?

The consumption and grade of cement used to prepare 1 m3 of cement mortars or concrete of different grades are the starting point for purchasing other components: sand, crushed stone, lime and modifying additives.

For the convenience of thrifty developers who are accustomed to spending their funds optimally rationally, we provide a table of cement consumption rates per 1 m3 of popular brands of mortar, compiled on the basis of the “main” construction document"SP82-101-98".

Cement consumption rate per cubic meter of solution

Brand of solution		Cement consumption per “cubic meter” of solution, kg
M200	M500	415
M200	M400	480
M150	M500	345
	M400	400
	M300	490
M100	M500	275
	M400	325
	M300	395
M75	M500	220
	M400	265
	M300	335
	M200	445
M50	M400	200
	M300	250
	M200	345
M25	M300	155
M25	M200	215

Scope of application of different brands of solution

The rate of cement consumption per 1 m3 of solution will be incomplete if you do not inform readers for what purposes a solution of a particular brand can be used:

Brand M25. Mixed (complex) masonry mortar building structures;
Brand M50. A popular mixed complex mortar for laying bricks (other types of “stone materials”) and arranging reinforced (“mesh”) floor screed;
Brand M75. Applicable for: stone brickwork, production of vibrating brick structures, arrangement of floor screeds of small thickness, installation of lintels (no more than 2 meters long), arrangement of underground communications, construction of structural elements of heavily loaded premises of production workshops;
Brand M100. Application – construction, masonry and plastering work of all types, as well as filling horizontal and vertical joints of panel structures;
Brand M150. Used for masonry and plastering work, finishing hydraulic structures, laying ceramic tiles, finishing screed, and also for filling joints panel walls. In addition, M150 mortar can be used to fill the foundations of buildings located on “weak” and wet soils;
Brand M200. It is used for installation of vibrating brick panels, filling joints, plastering work, waterproofing and laying finishing materials.

Cement consumption rate per 1 m3 of concrete of different grades

In private low-rise construction, the term “concrete” usually means heavy concrete grades prepared from M400 or M400 cement, sand, crushed stone, water and additives (if necessary). Therefore, when giving a table of cement consumption per cube of concrete, we mean the most common type of concrete - “heavy” concrete.

Table of cement consumption rates per cube of concrete

Concrete grade	Recommended brand of binder	Cement consumption per “cubic meter” concrete mortar, kg
M100	M500	155
M100	M400	185
M150	M500	190
M150	M400	225
M200	M500	225
M200	M400	265
M250	M500	280
M250	M400	320
M300	M500	290
M300	M400	338
M350	M500	345
M350	M400	395
M400	M500	380
M400	M400	445
M450	M500	415
M450	M400	470
M550	M500	450
M550	M400	500
M600	M500	500
M600	M400	530

Scope of application of concrete of different grades

M100. Preparatory work for pouring foundations, slabs and road surfaces;
M150. Preparatory work for pouring foundations, slabs and road surfaces, as well as pouring screeds and arrangement garden paths and blind area;
M200-M250-M300. Construction of foundations of low-rise buildings, pouring of unloaded floors, erection of walls, construction of fences, arrangement of platforms, blind areas and floor screeds;
M350. Construction of foundations for multi-storey buildings, production of floor slabs, pouring of airfield runways and construction of hydraulic structures;
M400. Production of reinforced concrete products, construction of critical structures (bank vaults), etc.;
M450-M550-M600. Production of concrete products for special purposes and construction of hydraulic structures.

salecement.ru

Cement consumption per 1 cubic meter of mortar for concrete, screed, brickwork

Cement is a building material that has a wide range of applications. It can be used when pouring foundations, manufacturing building materials and dry mixtures. But when choosing this product, it is very important to know its consumption. It will not be possible to determine it so easily, because this parameter is influenced by various factors, which will be discussed further.

Required quantity

Concrete is the most popular material from the entire range that is used in construction. It is based on crushed stone, and acts as a binder aqueous solution made of cement and sand. To calculate the required amount of concrete per m3, you should know for what purpose it will be used. On average, consumption per 1 m3 of concrete will be 240-320 kg. But here everything depends on the brand of concrete.

If you would like to receive the material high quality, which can serve you for a long time, you must strictly adhere to the established proportions during the preparation of the composition. The amount of cement used affects the workability of concrete. For this reason, during the preparation of concrete, it is necessary to ensure the accuracy of laying the ingredients as follows:

cement - up to 1 kg;
sand - up to 3 kg;
crushed stone - up to 5 kg.

If all the specified proportions are met, then you will receive a high-quality product that will have high strength, rigidity and ductility.

The video shows cement consumption per 1 cubic meter of solution:

If a large error is allowed, for example, in the direction of decreasing volume, the binder component will not be able to hold the filler, resulting in concrete under the influence of external negative factors will become unusable in a very short period of time.

The consumption for pouring 1m3 of material also depends on what brand of concrete mixture you will receive. And this depends on the purposes for which the concrete will be used. In the field of domestic low-rise construction, the following grades of concrete are most often used:

The grade used to obtain the material should always be 2 times the grade of the resulting concrete.

Required quantity binder material per 1 m3 of concrete - this is reference data, which can be found in the following table.

Table 1 – Cost to receive various brands concrete

To make the preparation process more convenient, you need to buy cement in bags of 50 kg. With this measurement solution, it will be possible to easily obtain a concrete mixture. For example, to obtain 1 m3 of the most popular M200 concrete, you need to take 4 bags and 41 kg of M300 or M400 cement.

Quantity per brick laying

The quality of the masonry is determined not only by the characteristics of the brick, but also by the mixture used. This composition can be prepared by various recipes, let's consider only the most popular:

Based on sand and cement. This product is characterized by high strength indicators, however, when preparing it, it is very important to accurately observe the proportions. Even if you deviate a little from the proportions, cracks will form on the brickwork.
Lime based solution. The resulting solution is characterized by high plasticity, however, it is unacceptable to use it for external masonry, since it is simply washed away by rain.
Mixed view a solution that involves the use of both cement and lime. Thanks to this combination, it is possible to obtain a durable and plastic composition.
Cement-based mortar with the addition of plasticizers. Thanks to the introduction of additional components, it becomes possible to improve the quality of the solution, give it strength, ductility, and most importantly, it is very easy to apply.

If you are going to finish the facade, you can use various colored pigments in the solution. Then the seams and the masonry itself will have a spectacular appearance.

When making mortar for bricklaying, the same requirements are always met: stir thoroughly so that the mixture does not contain lumps. As a result, you should get a solution of a homogeneous structure. To achieve this effect, you must first mix the dry ingredients and then add the liquid. It is not worth preparing the mixture in large quantities, since under the influence of air it begins to set quickly.

To lay load-bearing walls, it is necessary to use cement, the grade of which is higher than for the construction of self-supporting structures. Proportions are determined taking into account what brand of cement is used. Let's look at all this with an example:

For binder material M500, it is worth using the proportion in which cement relates to sand as 1:4.
For M300, a proportion of 1:2.5 is applicable.
For M400 – 1:3.

Of course, you don’t have to waste your time preparing the solution, but go to a store where all these products are presented in finished form. In this case, information about consumption will be present on the packaging.

When preparing the mixture yourself, you need to use cement whose hardness grade is 2 times higher than the hardness grade of the resulting product. If you need to get a mixture of grade M100, then the cement must be grade M200 or higher.

As for cement consumption per 1 m3 of masonry, this parameter depends on the following factors:

If the construction process is carried out using solid brick with different wall thicknesses, the solution consumption will be:

when laying half a brick, the width of which is 12 cm, you will need 0.19 m3 of mortar;
when installed in one brick, the consumption will be 0.22 m3 of mixture;
with a wall width of 38 cm, the solution consumption will be approximately 0.234 m3.

When the construction process is carried out using thickened or one-and-a-half stones, the solution consumption will be:

the width of the wall is 12 cm, the amount of mortar will be 0.160 m3;
when installing in one stone, 0.200 m3 of mixture will be required;
when laying one and a half stones, the consumption will increase to 0.216 m3.

How to calculate consumption

In order to obtain the exact cement consumption, it is necessary to carry out a number of calculations:

If it is necessary to determine the amount of binding material per m3 of screed, then everything depends on the brand of cement and the required consistency for making screed in an apartment, you can use a mixture of the M150 or M200 brand. The proportions of cement and sand for floor screed are described here. The consumption of cement-sand mixtures per 1 m2 of screed is described here.
With the scientist SP 82-101-98, cement consumption per m3 of mixture when using sand with a natural humidity of 3-7% is determined from the tables below.

Table 2 – Preparation of concrete from M500

Table 3 - Preparation of concrete from M400

Thanks to the tables presented, you can determine the cement consumption to obtain a certain grade of concrete. All data under consideration are dependent on each other. If you use the information provided, it will be easy to calculate the consumption, and all construction work will be completed quickly and efficiently.

Cement is a very important component in the preparation of construction and finishing mortars. But for each type of work you need to use a certain grade of material and in strict proportions. This is the only way you can get not only a high-quality mixture, but also correctly calculate the amount of cement used. By following the link you can read what brands of cement are available. You might also be interested in learning about chemical composition cement. A list of cement-sand mixture manufacturers can be found here. Also read how to preserve cement in winter.

resforbuild.ru

IN construction industry are used various types solutions that are used for masonry, screeds, and so on. Their strength is determined by the brand, that is, the quality, which is responsible for the permissible compressive load. It is measured in kilograms per 1 cm2. Mortar cement is the main component of the mixture. In order for the solution to be the same in composition, all its parts (components) are measured in doses. To do this, you can use various types of containers or scales. At self-production building components, questions often arise such as how to calculate the consumption of cement, how much of it will be used per 1 m2 when making a screed, which mortar to prepare for laying walls, and which one for laying a furnace?

You can't list them all. If you know the basic rules for preparing the mixture, this is quite easy to do. There are several types of devices, which means the amount of cement in them differs from each other.

For example, lean mortars contain large amounts of aggregate. This material is very inconvenient to work with and is not durable. A normal system is made of a sufficient amount of binder and filler. This component is the most popular of all types. The greasy solution has an excess of astringent component, which is why it cracks after drying.

Concrete solutions. Components used

Cement consumption per cube of concrete should not exceed 350 kg, as this can lead to cracking.

Concrete mixtures or concrete consist of three main components. It is a mixture of cement, various sizes of aggregate and water.

Components such as sand or gravel used to prepare the solution must be clean. When using contaminated components, the strength of the material will be low.

To get sand (gravel) clean, you need to wash it. The cement must be used of the exact grade that can be used to obtain a concrete component of the required strength. The cooking water must also be clean.

Concrete elements differ in their consistency (thickness). This:

hard consistency, comparable to wet earth. When laying it, a fairly strong compaction is required;
plastic consistency, thick but mobile. The required compaction is less than in the first option;
cast consistency, very mobile solution that fills the mold by gravity.

When added to concrete look steel (iron) reinforcement produces reinforced concrete. This is an element with higher strength. When choosing a filler, pay attention to such a thing as its different grain size (size). With this selection, unnecessary voids will not form between the grains.

It is traditionally believed that the volume of voids in a filler such as sand should not be higher than 37%, but in gravel 45% is allowed, in crushed stone - no more than 50%. Determining the volume of voids in aggregate is very simple. It is enough to place the selected filler in a ten-liter bucket, without compacting, flush with the edges.

Then the measured amount of water is poured into the bucket in a thin stream to the edge. The volume of water poured in will indicate the volume of voids. For example, if 4.5 liters of water fit into a bucket with filler, then the volume of voids will be equal to 45%.

As for cement, it is used of a grade that is two or three times higher than the required grade of concrete mortar. For the preparation of Portland cement the excess is 2 times, for other similar products - 3 times. For example, to prepare a concrete element with a grade of 160 kgf/cm2, you need to use a grade of no less than 400 kgf/cm2.

The exact amount of the substance plays an important role in the preparation of the construction accessory. If the material is present in excess, then there will be an overconsumption of the latter.

The lack of cement significantly reduces density and qualities such as frost resistance, water permeability, and can also lead to rust on the reinforcement.

Preparation of concrete solution. Maintaining proportions

With the consumption of TsMID-4 per 1 cubic. m of concrete mixture 18-22 kg per 1 cubic meter. Cement savings are at least 20%

In the process of preparing the concrete solution, its volume decreases. For example, when using 1 m3 of dry mixture, only 0.59 to 0.71 m3 of the main mixture will come out. That is why a much larger amount of dry material is taken to prepare 1 m3.

To achieve high quality concrete mortar, you need to know such an indicator as the amount of consumable materials used per 1 m3, as well as the performance characteristics of the components.

As mentioned above, first you need to decide what brand of concrete you need and what it will be used for (its quality). The solutions will differ depending on what use awaits them (masonry, screed, or other types of construction work).

In order to determine the composition of concrete, you need to find out the amount of cement in 1 m3 of solution.

To make simple concrete products, you need to use material with grade 100. To do this, you need an element with grade 300 or 400, and its consumption will be 225 kg.

In the case of reinforced concrete products, there is another option. The solution needs grade 150, which means we use cement with grade 300 or 400, the consumption is 265 kg. As the grade of the mixture increases, the grade of the substance used increases, as well as its consumption.

The table shows the main brands and quantities of raw materials, namely: crushed stone, sand, water. There are proportions for both the M-400 and M-500 cement grades.

Another important point is the composition of the materials used per 1 m3 of concrete - the amount of water or the water-cement ratio. For example, a concrete mortar of grade 100 includes cement with grade 200 in a ratio of 0.68; where grade 250 is 0.75, and if grade 300 is used - 0.8.

The volume of sand or other filler per 1 m3 of concrete solution is determined by subtracting the sum of the volumes of water and cement from one cubic meter of concrete.

To calculate the amount of all components per 1 m3 of concrete mortar grade 200 (where crushed stone is 40 mm), the ratio of water and cement is 0.57, the density of the sand aggregate is 2.63 g/cm3, the density of the cement component is 3.1 g /cm3, and the crushed stone used weighing 2.6 kg/l is used in the following way.

The consumption of the cement component will be equal to the volume of water, that is, water consumption/cement. This is 325 kg. Then you need to calculate the required volume of sand and crushed stone, it will correspond to the value - 710 liters, that is, 1000.(185+(325:3.1). Then you need to calculate the sand volume - 290 liters - (710.41): 100 and the volume of crushed stone - 420 liters (need to be calculated in a similar way).

The total consumption amount of sand will be 763 kg, crushed stone - 1092 kg. This means that the composition of 1 m3 will correspond to 325 kg of cement, water - 185 liters, sand - 763 kg, crushed stone - 1092 kg, the mass of the entire volume will be equal to 2362 kg per 1 m3.

We make a solution for screeding

For 1 m2 of screed (thickness 1 cm), one bag of M400 cement will be needed. Bag weight - 50 kg.

When making screed material (it differs from the system for masonry walls) and without strictly observing the consumption amount of the cement component, you can get defects such as concrete spalling and delamination. Therefore, it is imperative to comply with the relevant standards.

The task of the screed (as opposed to masonry mortar) is to level the layer preceding floor covering, as well as improving sound insulation and thermal insulation qualities.

The amount of materials used to complete the screed is calculated in kilograms per 1 m3 of mortar, or per 1 m3 of sand. Most often, grade 150 or 200 cement is used to make screeds.

Construction rules provide for the consumption of 490 kg of cement component per 1 m3, if it is concrete grade 400. This means that for 1 m2 of screed (1 cm thick), one bag of M400 cement will be needed. Bag weight - 50 kg.

Do not forget to take into account that screed made of cement is highly susceptible to subsidence and cracking. After drying, detachment from the floor surface may occur. It is best if you choose a thickness of 5 cm for the screed. On the advice of experts, you can add expanded clay.

1pokirpichy.ru

Preparation of mortars: complex simplicity

Probably about 80% of construction work is carried out using solutions of various compositions. Let’s not talk about putty and adhesive mixtures now; let’s consider traditional solutions based on cement or other binders.

It would seem that there could be something complicated in the solution: mix cement, sand, water - and you can build everything, from a path in the garden to the Pyramid of Cheops. Undoubtedly, the main essence of preparing a solution in this argument is captured correctly, but there are small subtleties, on the knowledge of which the quality and strength of the solutions, and, as a consequence, the entire building, completely depends.

Many inexperienced developers are perplexed by the concept of brand of mortar. There is nothing complicated about this. The grade of mortar indicates the compressive strength of a small cube measuring 70.7 x 70.7 x 70.7 mm of hardened mortar and is measured in kg/cm2. There are only 9 grades of mortar, the lowest is 4, the highest grade is 300. The strength of the mortar depends on the binder used and the proportion of the main filler (sand in mortars) and the binder used. It is customary to write this ratio as follows: cement mortar has a ratio of 1:6, which means the composition of the mortar is 1 part cement and 6 parts sand.

Without going into a general excursion into the types of solutions, I want to go straight to practical advice.

Mortars for masonry walls.

When laying brick walls with cement mortar, it is very important that the mortar not only has the necessary strength, but is also sufficiently plastic. Masonry with a hard mortar, which, when leveled on the surface of a brick, immediately releases water and turns into a sedentary mass, is similar to torture. When working with such a mortar, the brick does not slide on its surface, the filling of vertical joints is of very poor quality, and talk about high performance with this quality of solution there is no need at all. Modern technologies They suggest the use of various plasticizers, but it is quite possible to do without them, using old, time-tested methods of preparing solutions. Undoubtedly, the more binder there is in the mortar, the fattier it will be, but with this approach you can end up with a catastrophic waste of cement, and this is money, and a lot of it. Therefore, it is very important to select suitable sand for the masonry mortar. It is very rare that imported sand does not contain pebbles. To be on the safe side, it is best to immediately sift the sand through metal mesh with cells of 5 x 5 mm, this will remove not only stones and plant roots, but also other impurities from the sand.

Never use washed river sand for masonry mortars. Only with a cement ratio of 1:3 can the mortar become a little more plastic, but this is already an M 200 mortar, and the brand of masonry mortar is M 50 - 75, the ratio of the components in which is 1:6 or 1:5. Gully sand with a grain size of no more than 2.5 mm, which contains a small admixture of clay, is best suited for such solutions. It is this small impurity that will add the necessary plasticity to the solution. If you were brought river sand and it is also coarse-grained, there are two ways to prepare a solution of the required consistency:

Add some clay to it. If you are preparing the solution using a concrete mixer, then the clay should be thrown into the mixer last. When preparing cement mortar in a ratio of 1:6, it is enough to add 0.5 parts of clay so as not to reduce the grade of the mortar and make it much more plastic.
Prepare cement-lime mortar. In this case, it is the lime that will serve as a natural plasticizer, which will make the wall mortar quite convenient to work with. When preparing such a solution, you can use lime paste or slaked lime, which must be filled with water in a large container. After stirring lime in water to the consistency of very liquid sour cream, use it for cooking instead of clean water. According to the standard, 150 kg of slaked lime is required for 1 m3 of cement-lime mortar M 50.

The most common grades of cement mortar have the following ratios of cement and sand:

M 25 – 1:11 or 136 kg of M300 cement per 1 m3 of solution;
M 50 – 1:6.3 or 232 kg of M300 cement per 1 m3 of solution;
M 75 – 1:4.5 or 319 kg of M300 cement per 1 m3 of solution;
M100 – 1:5 or 304 kg of M400 cement per 1 m3 of solution;
M 200 – 1:3 or 499 kg of M400 cement per 1 m3 of solution;

Most often, stores have M 500 cement on sale. It’s okay, in order to convert the need for cement for mortar from M 400 to M 500, you just need to multiply the calculated consumption by a factor of 0.85. And the transition coefficient from cement M300 to M 500 is 1.83. For example: the consumption of M 300 cement for M75 mortar is 319 kg. When used to prepare cement mortar M 500 319 kg / 1.83 = 175 kg of cement.

In order to determine the need for sand when laying brick walls, you need to know that on average 0.24 m3 of mortar is needed per m3 of ordinary masonry, regardless of its brand. Having determined the volume of the required solution, multiply this value by 1.2 and get the volume of sand. On average, the weight of 1 m3 of sand is 1.5 tons. From this calculation, you can determine the carrying capacity of the machine required to deliver sand to your construction site.

prorabsovet.com

In modern construction they use various types cement-sand mixtures, which differ in the proportions of the components. Most often, cement is used as a binding component for the preparation of mortars. It is clear that in 1 m3 of masonry mortar brick wall and 1 m3 of concrete, the ratio of components cannot be the same, since these two building mixtures designed for completely different different types works

Table of cement consumption in 1m3 of solution.

Beginners naively believe that they can easily determine the required amount of solution components “by eye.” And they pay later.

In order to do it correctly, you don’t need a lot of expensive tools. It is enough to have:

Concrete composition table.

concrete mixer;
scales (preferably electronic, but not required);
container for measuring volume (usually a 10-liter bucket is used for these purposes);
calculator.

Depending on the type of construction work, the proportions of the prepared mixture are determined, i.e. the amount of cement, sand, water, aggregate and, if necessary, special additives in it.

Calculation of the amount of cement

When calculating the number of components in m3 of laying mixture, inexperienced builders often make the same mistake. They think that if the mixture is prepared in a ratio of 1:3, then in a m3 of the prepared mixture sand will account for 3 parts of the volume, and cement - 1 part. But the fact is that cement, since it is much smaller than sand, only fills the voids between the grains of sand.

In other words, in the above example, m3 of laying mixture contains 1 m3 of sand and 1/3 m3 of cement.

Scheme for preparing a concrete mixture.

This is a construction paradox. This happens because a cubic meter is a unit of volume, and not of weight. Even more: water, which makes up 0.5 to 0.7 mass of cement in the mixture, depending on the required thickness of the mixture and the moisture content of the sand, does not change this ratio in any way. The resulting volume will still be equal to the volume of sand. Water and cement will only fill the free space between the grains of sand, but will not increase their volume.

Typically the ratio of components is 1:3 or 1:4. Using this example, you can calculate how many ingredients are needed to prepare mortar.

What do we know? Firstly, a cubic meter is 1000 liters. Secondly, a construction bag of cement weighs 50 kg. And thirdly, a bag of cement holds 36 liters. Now it’s enough to make a simple calculation: 1 liter of cement = 50 kg / 36 liters = 1.4 kg.

In order to prepare 1:3, you need a cube of sand and 1/3 of a cube or 333 liters of cement;

We multiply 333 liters by 1.4 kg/l and end up with 466 kg or 9.32 bags per 1m3 of laying mortar.

Scheme for determining the plasticity of concrete mortar.

To properly prepare a mortar for plastering work, different proportions of its components are used. These proportions are determined by the further use of plaster. When preparing the mixture, it is better to first mix its dry ingredients, and only then gradually pour water into it, bringing it to the desired thickness. To obtain high-quality plaster for sealing joints, take 450 kg of cement per 1 m3 of sand, and the diameter of the sand grains should not exceed 1.25 mm. To make the plaster plastic, lime paste should be added to the solution.

If you need to open the seams of brickwork, the composition of a cube of plaster will consist of 350 kg of cement and 35 kg of lime per cube of sand. To obtain plaster for working with a stone plinth, the proportions of the components will be as follows: 140 kg of cement and 50 kg of lime per cube of sand.

Material consumption rates

Ideally, a building stone should consist of different stones, i.e., pebbles of different sizes, “packed” as tightly as possible so that there is as little empty space as possible between them, and this empty space, in turn, should be filled with a cement-sand mixture. It is this kind of concrete that will be the most durable, and besides, to prepare it you will need to prepare a minimum amount of mortar.

Scheme of fillers for cement mortar.

The main component of concrete is crushed stone. Suffice it to say that in a cube of concrete 0.80 m3 is crushed stone, and the rest is a mixture mixed with water, which fills the voids between the crushed stone, linking individual pebbles into a single monolith. Only the rules of arithmetic do not apply here, since such a mixture in 1 m3 of concrete solution will not be 0.20 m3, but much more - depending on the fraction of crushed stone, from 0.45 to 0.6 m3.

For concrete mix, it is very important which brand you use. Strictly speaking, the consumption of components can be different even for the same brand and depends on what parts the solution will be used for making. The ratio can be from 1:2 for the most critical components (foundation, beams, floors, etc.) to 1:5 for paths, blind areas and other structures that do not experience heavy loads on their surfaces. But still the most popular one that satisfies most of the requirements for private and country house construction– is 1:3 or 1:4.

consumption for M100: cement – 220 kg, sand – 0.6 m3, crushed stone – 0.8 m3;
consumption for M200 and M250: sand – 0.5 m3, crushed stone – 0.8 m3, cement, respectively, 280 and 330 kg;
consumption for M300: cement – 380 kg, sand – 0.45 m3, crushed stone – 0.8 m3.

But this is an expense for perfect concrete which is almost impossible to do. It is better, taking into account all the features in preparing the brand of concrete you need, to calculate everything yourself, especially since there is nothing complicated about it. The method of such calculation is described below.

Method for calculating cement in m3

To determine how much cement is needed to prepare m3 of concrete solution in your concrete mixer, it is better to do this: when making the first batch, the components must be added to the concrete mixer gradually and at the same time keep careful records of how much has been added. To determine the volume poured, use ordinary 10-liter buckets, and for water - a liter mug, since it is the water that must be measured especially carefully. Pouring an extra glass of water can easily cause the concrete to leak. And return it to normal condition, adding components by eye is not so easy.

To prevent this from happening, you must try to immediately determine the ratio of the components. For example, the output ready-mixed concrete in a concrete mixer - 10 buckets (100 l). We need a cement to sand ratio of 1:4. First, you need to fill the concrete mixer with 2 buckets of crushed stone and add 5 liters of water. Then we put 3.5 buckets of sand and 9 liters of cement into a concrete mixer. Mix all the ingredients until they turn into a homogeneous thick mass. If necessary, add water little by little to the solution being prepared, but it must be done with an accuracy of up to 100 g. record how much water was added.

Now we add the mixture until we get the thickness we need, and then we begin to add crushed stone to this solution. Add it until there is enough solution for lubrication. In our case, the total amount of crushed stone poured into the concrete mixer will be from 6 to 8 buckets, depending on the fraction. I just want to remind you that when adding crushed stone, you need to add 100-200 grams as needed. water. And the main thing is not to forget to write down what and how much you added to the concrete mixer.

When the solution is ready, we have all the necessary data to analyze how much water and other components we added to it. If the concrete is prepared correctly, then there should be slightly less water per bucket of cement poured in (9-9.5 liters). In this case, the ratio by weight will be as follows: for 10 kg of cement 6.5-7 liters of water. If this is the ratio in your solution, then the concrete will be of high quality.

As an example, we took a concrete mixer with a finished concrete output of 100 liters. Now, in order to find out how much of each of its components will be in 1 m3 of concrete, we need to multiply our final figures by 10 (1000 liters cubed divided by 100 liters of concrete mixer volume = 10). If the yield of finished concrete is different, using this example you can easily make your calculation by replacing the volume of the concrete mixer in it.