Rospotrebnadzor noted a surge in the incidence of HIV infection: last year, 43% more Muscovites became infected with it than in 2014.

The capital's Rospotrebnadzor is sounding the alarm: in 2015, the number of city residents infected with HIV was almost twice as high as the year before. If two years ago there were 1,626 “positive” people, then in 2015 there were already 2,358. Experts say that the crisis is to blame: there is not enough money to finance special programs, HIV prevention and education of people have stopped.

The sad citywide statistics were broken down by district, and it turned out that the leaders in the number of cases were New Moscow and Zelenograd.

Interestingly, almost half of all those infected in 2015 were Muscovites, approaching mature age(30-39 years old). A quarter of those infected are young people aged 20-29 years. Most often, this terrible diagnosis is given to men - 63%. Z Drug addicts who become infected when using someone else's syringes are most often affected. This turned out to be 53%. About 40% of cases of infection are due to unprotected sexual contacts, another approximately 1.5% are homosexual relationships. Insignificant proportions include mother-to-child transmission of HIV and infection in medical institutions.Moreover, HIV is also diagnosed in teenagers who have not reached the “age of consent.” However, last year there were almost a quarter fewer infected children under 17 years of age: 29 people throughout Moscow.

Judging by the report of specialists, infected mothers in Moscow give birth to mostly healthy children. Rospotrebnadzor calculated that from 2013 to 2015, HIV-positive mothers gave birth to 1,902 children, and only 32 of them had a terrible diagnosis. In 2015, 682 babies were born, but the infection was transmitted to only eight. In 2014, by comparison, much fewer children were born - 593, but the virus was transmitted to twelve of them. That is, there is a decrease in cases of virus transmission.

Over the past three years, doctors have examined13.2 million people are virtually the entire population of the city.In 2015, 4.6 million people were tested for HIV. There are twice as many foreigners among them as in 2014. It is possible that it was foreigners who influenced the negative statistics for 2015 on HIV incidence.

If we tested all migrants, internal and external, this figure would be four times higher,” says Kirill Barsky, head of programs at the Steps AIDS Foundation.- It is impossible to count all migrants with diagnosed HIV infection, because our legislation is structured in such a way that a sick foreigner is deported from the country without the right to enter. Migrants know this and are not tested. And if one of them is diagnosed with HIV, they try to escape underground. Without receiving proper treatment, they themselves partly become the source of the epidemic.

The main Russian AIDS center associates the increase in infections in Moscow with insufficient funding for special programs.

The number of cases is growing, but there is no downward trend. Main reason“lack of normal prevention,” Vadim Pokrovsky, director of the Federal Center of the Ministry of Health for the Fight against AIDS, told Life. - In general, there should be a unified state program to combat HIV, but in our country no one is doing this yet.

The head of the Ministry of Health, Veronika Skvortsova, already warned a few days ago that if funding for special programs does not increase, then by 2020The HIV epidemic may already cover the whole of Russia.

Specialists from non-profit partnership E.V.A., which provides support to HIV-infected mothers and their children, believe that there are more “positive” cases in Moscow, among other factors, due to pure mathematics: in 2015, people were tested more often.

In 2015, testing programs throughout Russia were increased, covering a wide range of more people. The events were carried out as non-profit organizations, and medical government institutions: they invited people to anonymously take tests and told them how to fight and how to live with HIV, project coordinator E.V.A. told Life. Alexey Lakhov.

In 2017, 2.6 billion rubles less will be allocated for programs to reduce mortality and prevent the transmission of HIV to children. This money should have been allocated under the program “Protection of maternal and child health from 2013 to 2020.” Experts say Russia is one of the world leaders in reducing mother-to-child transmission of HIV.

- In our country this figure remains around two percent, butFunding for the program is now being reduced. And this could lead to the fact that the percentage of virus transmission, which we have achieved with such difficulty, will creep up,” Lakhov warns. - Two percent is a significant achievement, which, I hope, no one will throw away.

Despite problems with funding, the infection is being fought to the maximum. Last year, 13 thousand registered patients received treatment in Moscow.

In 2015, 27.9 thousand HIV-infected people out of 28.6 thousand subject to observation underwent dispensary observation at the Moscow City Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS; dispensary observation coverage was 97.8%.

Previously Life Since 1987, when the first case of the virus was registered in Russia, the total number of cases has approached 750 thousand people. HIV-infected people have the right to receive drugs that suppress the virus free of charge from the government. But not everyone gets it. According to Health Minister Veronika Skvortsova, medications are now being given to 37% of those infected. The plan is to cover 60% by 2020.

Moreover, in some regions there is not enough money even to provide patients with the minimum necessary therapy. Prices for medicines are rising because 90% of procurement tenders are held without competition, and 27 billion rubles of budget money are shared fraternally by several private companies.

And all this despite the fact that a huge number of patients either do not know about the disease at all, or are in no hurry to register and receive free medicines. Many are afraid that they will be fired from work, or that their loved ones will turn away from them if they find out about the illness. Therefore, in the government, those who have not registered with regional AIDS centers. Punishments will be prescribed for violators. Deputy Prime Minister Olga Golodets has already instructed the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Internal Affairs and other departments to hold a public discussion of this idea.

The immunodeficiency virus was first identified by scientists in 1983. It was then that the etiological cause of the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was established. However, the attention of specialists is still focused on such a dangerous disease as HIV. Statistics show that it is constantly becoming more common. And the saddest thing is that in modern medicine there are no effective methods treatment of pathology.

Basic statistics of HIV-infected people

The disease is constantly progressing and spreading throughout the population. This is officially confirmed by statistics on the incidence of HIV and AIDS. According to the latest data from scientists, today the number of people infected with HIV reaches 40 million people. Of these, 37.5% contracted the infection in the last 2 years, which is about 15 million.

At the same time, the pathology is constantly progressing, new strains of the pathogen appear as a result of modification. This greatly complicates the process of treating patients.

Infection with a retrovirus occurs more often through sexual contact or through the use of unsterile needles, which is often observed among drug addicts. The number of HIV-infected people is constantly increasing, and in order to slow down the progression of the disease, experts strongly recommend periodic testing for AIDS. Early detection allows you to prescribe full-fledged antiretroviral therapy. According to statistics, only 9.5 million HIV (AIDS) patients receive quality treatment, which is less than a quarter of the total number of carriers.

HIV (AIDS) statistics in Russia

In the Russian Federation, the issue of immunodeficiency is especially acutely discussed twice a year - on the Day against this disease (December 1) and in early May, when the Day of Mourning for those killed as a result of infection with a retrovirus is declared.

The statistics of HIV-infected people in Russia is constantly changing, and not in better side. For recent years The number of infected people has increased significantly and now reaches 250 thousand people. Experts say that the problem is becoming enormous. Today, the infection is mainly transmitted through sexual and parenteral routes.

Statistics of AIDS patients in Russia confirm that the bulk of those infected are young people aged 19 to 29 years. If we take into account injection drug addicts, then of those who sought medical help, 78% of them were diagnosed with the immunodeficiency virus.

During sexual intercourse without condoms, a considerable number of patients are also infected. It is difficult to determine exactly how many people with HIV received the pathogen this way. However, statistics on HIV infection in Russia state that of the number of people infected through sexual contact, most are women. This is due to anatomical features. Women tend to have more close contact with body fluids, particularly semen. It contains a high concentration of retrovirus, which is able to penetrate the body through microcracks in the vaginal mucosa that form during sexual intercourse.

A less common method of transmission is from mother to infant. HIV transmission statistics show that over the entire period of the disease, more than 6 thousand cases of birth of infected babies were registered. The infants' mothers were women of fertile age.

As for the male half of the population, according to statistics in Russia, about 2% of the stronger sex is infected with AIDS. The age of patients is in the range of 23-40 years. Among them, infection occurred in the following ways:

• as a result of drug use - 53%;
• homosexual relationships - 1.5%;
• with unprotected sexual intercourse - 43%;
• boys who received the infection in the womb or during childbirth from their mother - 2.5%.

Why is HIV infection spreading so quickly? Statistics confirm that the vast majority of infected people received their “dose” of the retrovirus through a syringe. In Russia, more than half of drug addicts use potent substances by injection, which poses a huge risk, because syringes are almost always used multiple times and for several people.

Additionally, the progression of AIDS can be explained by the lack of a clear program to combat retroviral infection. At the very beginning, when AIDS began to spread in the Russian Federation, statistics showed a sharp jump - an increase in the number of cases. For several years, international associations against immunodeficiency have allocated a certain amount, which has been used to provide antiretroviral therapy to patients. When was Russia recognized as a country with income high level, this assistance was withheld, and the funds allocated from the state budget became insufficient to provide quality therapy to patients.

How many HIV-infected people are there in specific regions of Russia?

The situation with the spread of immunodeficiency leaves much to be desired, however, the homogeneity of the disease is somewhat diverse - in the Russian Federation, some regions require more attention from doctors, while in others the rate of transmission dangerous disease do not cause concern. According to experts, the saddest situation is observed in the Irkutsk region. Here, retrovirus infection reaches 1.5% of the total population.

How many people have HIV (AIDS) and how does it become infected? More than 75% of patients in this region are infected as a result of unprotected sexual intercourse, with a certain percentage occurring in homosexual relationships. The remaining 25% experience pathology when injecting drugs; a small number occur in children born to HIV-positive mothers.

Also among the leaders in the progression of infection with immunodeficiency are the Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo regions, Perm, and Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug. No more rosy statistics for HIV infection in Russia emerge in the following regions:

• Altaic;
• Tomsk;
• Kurgansky;
• Novosibirsk;
• Samara;
• Tyumen;
• Ulyanovsky;
• Tverskoy;
• Omsk;
• Murmansk;
• Orenburg;
• Chelyabinsk;
• Ivanovsky;
• Leningradsky.

How many AIDS patients are there in the capital of the country can be answered more precisely. HIV statistics in Moscow at the beginning of the 21st century did not cause much concern among doctors, but this picture quickly changed in the opposite direction. In recent years, the retrovirus has begun to spread among residents of the capital by leaps and bounds. In 2016, more than 10 thousand infected people were registered. Moreover, half of them received the retrovirus through unprotected sex. 23% of those infected in this way became ill as a result of homosexual intercourse. HIV (AIDS) statistics in the regions of Russia remain unfavorable and require the adoption of certain measures to reduce the rate of spread of the disease.

The situation in the world: how quickly is AIDS spreading?

How many AIDS patients are there on the entire planet, which countries are one step away from developing an epidemic? The number of infected people varies from country to country. The most deplorable situation is observed in Africa, or rather in South side. The inhabitants of these regions make up only 10% of the total population of the planet. At the same time, from total number There are 25 million HIV-infected people (about 40 million) on this continent. These numbers are shocking.

The most unfavorable statistics of people infected with HIV (AIDS) are observed in the following countries of the world:

• South Africa - more than 5 million;
• India - 6.5 million;
• Ethiopia - more than 4 million infected;
• Nigeria - 3.6 million;
• Mozambique - almost 2 million;
• Kenya, Zimbabwe - 1.7 million infected each;
• USA - 1.3 million;
• China and Russia are about 1 million carriers of the retrovirus.

If we take into account the European continent, then approximately half of all infected people are residents of Ukraine and Russia. The main route of transmission of the virus in these countries is parenteral.

The HIV infection rate by country raises concerns for the future of humanity; analyzing the statistics, it can be argued that the massive spread is occurring in underdeveloped regions.

According to statistics, in countries infected with AIDS, the leading route of transmission is sexual and parenteral. The danger of the disease also lies in the fact that most patients do not want to believe in infection and refuse antiretroviral therapy. It can take more than 10 years from the infection to the stage of AIDS, but this indicator depends on the immune defense. In the absence of quality treatment, the disease develops much faster and leads to irreversible consequences.

Over the entire period of known immunodeficiency, more than 24 million patients died from it. At the same time, patients who received timely therapy were able to live fully for decades, no different from healthy people.

It is difficult to say exactly how many people are infected with HIV (AIDS), since the pathology is constantly spreading. However, scientists do not lose hope of finding effective drug and defeat the retrovirus completely.

TASS DOSSIER. From May 15 to May 21, 2017, the All-Russian campaign “Stop HIV/AIDS” will be held in Russia for the third time. Its organizer is the Foundation for Social and Cultural Initiatives (the President of the Foundation is the wife of the Prime Minister of the Russian Federation, Svetlana Medvedeva). The action is carried out with the support of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Education and Science, the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia, Rosmolodezh, Rospotrebnadzor, as well as the Union of Rectors of Russia, leading state universities Russian Federation and the Russian Orthodox Church.

It is dedicated to World Day in memory of AIDS victims, which is held annually on the third Sunday in May. Its goal is to draw attention to this problem in Russia, to increase awareness of the population, especially young people, about the disease.

Campaign "Stop HIV/AIDS"

The all-Russian campaign “Stop HIV/AIDS” began to be held in Russia in 2016. The key event of the first campaign, held in May, was an open student forum. The second event was timed to coincide with World AIDS Day (December 1) and took place at the end of November. It started at the II All-Russian Forum for specialists in the prevention and treatment of the disease (November 28).

As part of the campaign, an open lesson “Knowledge - Responsibility - Health” was held in senior secondary schools, at which a film about current issues combating HIV infection.

HIV/AIDS disease

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) attacks the immune system and weakens the human body's defenses against wide range infections and diseases, including some types of cancer. HIV-infected people gradually develop immunodeficiency.

The last stage of the disease that develops when infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), when the human body loses the ability to protect itself from infections and tumors. U different people AIDS can develop 2-15 years after HIV infection.

There is no cure for HIV infection. However, through treatment with antiretroviral drugs, the virus can be controlled and transmission can be prevented. This facilitates and prolongs the life of those infected with the infection.

Statistics for Russia

The epidemiological situation regarding HIV infection in Russia (the first case was identified in 1987) is unfavorable; cases of the disease have been identified in all constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

According to Rospotrebnadzor, as of December 31, 2016, since 1987, a total of 1 million 114 thousand 815 cases of HIV infection were registered among citizens of the Russian Federation, of which 243 thousand 863 people died. Thus, at the beginning of 2017, 870 thousand 952 Russians lived in Russia with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS, which is 0.59% of the total population of the country (146 million 804 thousand 372). The prevalence of HIV as of December 31, 2016 was an average of 594.3 people with an established diagnosis per 100 thousand of the country’s population.

The number of newly identified cases of HIV infection in the country continues to grow. According to Rospotrebnadzor, in 2011-2016. the annual increase averaged 10%. In 2016, territorial centers for the prevention and control of AIDS registered 103 thousand 438 new cases of HIV infection (excluding those identified anonymously and foreign citizens) - 5.3% more than in 2015 (95 thousand 475).

High HIV prevalence is observed in the 30 largest regions of the Russian Federation, where 45.3% of the country's population lives. The most unfavorable regions, where the number of people living with HIV exceeds 1 thousand people per 100 thousand population, are Sverdlovsk (1648 per 100 thousand population), Irkutsk (1636), Kemerovo (1583), Samara (1477), Orenburg (1217) region, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (1202), Leningrad (1147), Tyumen (1085), Chelyabinsk (1079) and Novosibirsk (1022) regions.

A high level of HIV infection in the Russian Federation is observed in the age group from 30 to 39 years. Among young people (15-20 years old), more than 1.1 thousand people with HIV infection are registered annually. Cases of infection of children during breastfeeding continue to be identified: in 2014, 41 children were infected, in 2015 - 47 children, in 2016 - 59.

In 2016, 675 thousand 403 patients were registered at the dispensary in specialized medical organizations (77.5% of all those living with a diagnosis of HIV/AIDS). Of these, 285 thousand 920 patients (42.3% of those registered) received antiretroviral therapy.

HIV/AIDS in the world

Some scientists believe that HIV was transmitted from monkeys to humans as early as the 1920s. The first victim of this disease may have been a man who died in 1959 in the Congo. This conclusion was reached by doctors who later analyzed his medical history.

For the first time, symptoms of the disease characteristic of HIV/AIDS were described in 1981 during an examination of several men of non-traditional sexual orientation in clinics in Los Angeles and New York. In 1983, researchers from the USA and France described a virus that can cause HIV/AIDS. Since 1985, HIV blood testing has become available in clinical laboratories.

According to the World Health Organization, at the end of 2015, there were from 34 to 39.8 million (on average 36.7 million) people living with HIV in the world. The most affected region is sub-Saharan Africa, with about 25.6 million people living with HIV in 2015 (approximately two-thirds of all those infected). More than 35 million people have become victims of HIV/AIDS in the world. In 2015 alone, approximately 1.1 million people died. As of June 2016, 18.2 million patients had access to antiretroviral treatment, including 910 thousand children.

Ten regions of Russia are in critical condition in terms of HIV prevalence. This was stated by the Minister of Health of the Russian Federation Veronika Skvortsova. The sad list is headed by the Sverdlovsk and Kemerovo regions.

“HIV is spread very unevenly throughout the country,” noted the head of the Ministry of Health. “The prevalence is significantly higher, several times, in those regions through which drug trafficking routes pass. Therefore, there are 10 critical regions out of 85. In first place Sverdlovsk region, Yekaterinburg, which ended up (in connection with this) in the press,” Skvortsova said.

According to the minister, “57% of all sources of HIV infection are through injection, usually from heroin addicts.” As for such a traditional risk group as homosexuals, this trend is less pronounced in Russia.

“40% of cases of sexually transmitted infections relate to heterosexual couples,” Skvortsova pointed out, emphasizing that the increase in the number of infected people is due to healthy women who picked up the virus from their own husband.

According to the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS, at the end of last year the list of the most HIV-affected regions was as follows: Irkutsk region, Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Samara, Orenburg, Leningrad regions, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen, Chelyabinsk, Tyumen regions.

During the year, anonymous testing was carried out in problem regions, which was completed by 23.5 thousand young people under 30 years of age. Among them, 2.3% were identified as HIV-infected.

In early November, the Ministry of Health of Yekaterinburg announced that every 50th resident in the city has AIDS.

“We have an infection rate of 1,826 people per hundred thousand, this is 1.8% of the city’s population, 26,693 thousand infected,” said Tatyana Savinova, deputy head of the city health department of Yekaterinburg. “And these are just known cases, the real incidence is even higher,” she emphasized.

But this situation in Yekaterinburg has been developing for decades, so doctors do not make announcements about the beginning of the epidemic, the city health department emphasized.

According to the criteria of the WHO and the Joint United Nations Program on HIV, more than 1% of those infected means that the infection is firmly rooted in the population and its spread is practically independent of risk groups.

Meanwhile, the Federal Center for Prevention and Control of AIDS believes that Russia is today on the verge of moving to the third and final stage of the HIV epidemic.

“An epidemic is a relative concept. HIV has three stages. Initial - the first cases are imported from abroad. The second is concentrated, risk groups are affected. In our country, 10% of men who have sex with men and 20% of drug addicts are now infected. And when more than 1% of pregnant women are infected, then it is generalized. We are now at the stage of transition from the second to the third,” the head of the center, Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Vadim Pokrovsky, told the L!fe portal.

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According to the report, announced within the framework of the 5th international conference on HIV, which took place in the capital of Russia, a list was formed - the top 10 countries by the number of AIDS patients. AIDS is such a common disease for these powers that it has been given the status of an epidemic. AIDS develops against the background of HIV infection. AIDS is the last stage of HIV infection, which develops with the spread of infection, manifested by the appearance of tumors, weakened immunity and, ultimately, leads to death.

With a total population of 14 million citizens, the number of people infected reaches 1.2 million. It is not at all surprising that few Zambians surpass the 38-year mark, which is the average life expectancy in this country.

2016 was one of the saddest years for Russians in terms of the number of people suffering from AIDS. More than one million people have acquired immune deficiency syndrome (according to the data of the Russian Health Committee). But according to the EECAAC report, this figure is much higher – 1.4 million. At the same time this indicator Every year it grows more and more actively. Just think about it - every 50th resident of Yekaterinburg suffers from AIDS. IN Russian Federation The majority of patients were infected while taking drugs intravenously. This type of infection is not typical for any other country.

For what reason do Russians have to put up with such statistics? According to experts, the reason for this is the withdrawal of methadone, which was taken orally, instead of an intravenously administered drug. Most people mistakenly believe that if a drug addict is infected, then it is only his problem. It’s not so scary when the “scum of society” gets a disease from which he will eventually die. But we forget that a person who is addicted to drugs is not a monster, he for a long time can live on her own ordinary life. You won’t be able to spot him in a crowd at one glance; at first, drug addicts live a very ordinary life. And it is for this reason that their spouses and children often become infected. There are cases when people become infected in clinics and beauty salons after instruments were poorly disinfected. Until people realize the realities of the impending threat, until young people stop assessing their partners by eye, until the regulatory authorities change their position towards drug addicts, Russia will rise in this ranking faster and faster.

Almost 7% of the total number of citizens of this country are infected with AIDS; if converted into an exact figure, it is 1.4 million people. It is noteworthy that the female part of the population is more infected than the male part, due to the fact that Kenya is famous for its low social level women. Maybe it's very important aspect is the free nature of women from Kenya - they very easily agree to intimate relationships.

More than 5% of this country's population suffers from AIDS, out of a total population of 49 million. When translated into exact numbers, the number of infected people is 1.5 million. In addition, there are regions in the country in which the level of the population suffering from HIV is more than 10%, for example, Dar es Salaam, fortunately, it is too far from tourist routes.

The president of this state is making superhuman efforts to combat the threat of AIDS. This is reflected in the statistical reports - from 2011 to 2015, the number of children already born with HIV fell from 28 to 3.4 thousand. Infections among adults have decreased by half. Twenty-four-year-old King Toro (Toro is a region of Uganda) decided to take control of the spread of the epidemic and completely stop AIDS by 2030. Today, 1.5 million people are infected with HIV in the country.

Unfortunately, this beautiful country cannot cope with this terrible disease on their own and more than 10% (1.5 million citizens) are already infected with AIDS. Approximately 0.7 million children are left without parents because their parents died from HIV.

Of the thirteen million citizens of this country, more than 1.6 million people are infected. Several factors led to such deplorable indicators: prostitution, which is still not controlled by the government, citizens do not know the basics about contraceptives, and the ineradicable poverty of the population.

According to official data, more than two million people are infected in India, and if we take it in fact, this figure will be an order of magnitude higher. Indians are a rather private people, and for this reason, they remain silent about their problems in the health sector. Nobody talks to young people about AIDS; the topic of sex and contraceptives at school is an unspoken taboo. Therefore, there is total illiteracy in aspects related to contraception, which significantly distinguishes India from Africa, where it is very easy to buy a condom. According to statistical surveys, more than 60% of the female population have never heard of HIV.

Of the 146 million citizens, 3.4 million people suffer from HIV/AIDS, which is just under 5% of total mass. Basically, there are more infections among the female population than among the male population. Due to the lack of free healthcare, Nigeria's poor suffer the most.

South Africa tops the list of countries with the highest incidence of AIDS. More than 15% of citizens suffer from HIV (6.3 million), 25% of high school girls are already infected. Few people live to be 45 in this country. It’s hard to imagine a country where few people have grandparents. Sounds scary, doesn't it? Although South Africa is considered the most economically developed country in Africa, a huge part of its citizens are on the brink of poverty. The President is trying his best to stop the spread of HIV - the public is provided with free contraceptives and tests. But the poor part of the population still believes that HIV was invented by whites, like contraceptives, and therefore it is better to stay away from them. On the border with South Africa Swaziland is a country with a population of more than 1.2 citizens. 50% of these countries are infected. On average, a Swazi citizen lives to a maximum of 37 years of age.