Natalia Baranichenko
The grandeur and grace of mountain communities depends mainly on the folds and bends of the mountains layers, from the outlines of gorges and valleys cutting through their slopes, from steep abysses and wide plains. Only due to the variety of lines and contours of the slopes mountains take shape, full of life and beauty. E. Reclus
Manufacturing layouts - exciting activity, which can not only keep your child busy for a long time, but will also help him learn geography. This type of creativity develops imagination and fine motor skills of the hands. Layouts there may be different sizes, but in any case you must try to accurately observe the scale. In the future it will be possible to beat him.
You will need:
Geographic map of the area with contour lines marked on it;
Video projector;
Pictures of mountain landscapes that you sculpt;
Sculptural plasticine;
Stones, sand, trees;
Toys to play with layout.
Getting to know the world around you by example prototyping of natural objects, natural areas, various natural phenomena, it is very indicative of how the creation of that subject environment for the development of cognitive interest, curiosity and observation in preschoolers. The main thing is to create layout, which is independently created by children or in joint activity with a teacher, that when placing objects of nature, objects of the surrounding world, the child applies the acquired knowledge, generalizes the information received earlier, thus, the development of coherent speech of children occurs.
Publications on the topic:
III cycle. Topic: “Rivers of Milk”. Goal: To develop knowledge in children preschool age about the production of dairy products and their diversity.
Objectives: Instilling in children love for the Motherland, hometown, a sense of pride in your city. Expand children's horizons based on the material.
We continue to replenish visual aids your "Nature Center". To make the “Sea” model we will need: - A sheet of thick cardboard.
Dear colleagues! Pre-New Year's efforts continue everywhere. Everyone wants to create miracles, give gifts, create a festive mood.
Scenario for the holiday “Fishing by the River” (middle group) Progress of the holiday: (The hall is decorated in the shape of a lake, Vodyanoy sits behind a screen, children sit on chairs, participants line up behind the door) Presenter: Dear ones.
Project for children of the junior group “The World of My River Chapaevka” GBOU secondary school No. 12 Chapaevsk Samara region structural unit kindergarten No. 5 "The world of my river Chapaevka" 2012.
IN senior group Over the course of two weeks, children were introduced to dairy products. Their importance in the nutrition of a growing organism. The children participated.
Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Alyonushka" of the Pavinsky municipal district of the Kostroma region Abstract of the NOOD on speech development in middle group“Our Mothers” Prepared by Brueva M.N. 2018 Topic: “Conversation on the topic “Our Mothers.” Age group of children: senior Goal...
Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Alyonushka" Pavinsky municipal district of the Kostroma region Synopsis of a walk in the senior group on the topic "Observation of a drop" Performed by Margarita Nikolaevna Brueva with Pavino 2019 Date 03.15.19 Venue: On the children's site...
Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Alyonushka" Pavinsky municipal district of the Kostroma region Abstract on cognitive development in preparatory group Topic: “The history of paper.” Integrated areas: socio-communicative development, speech development, artistic and aesthetic development. Purpose: to introduce children to the history of paper; Objectives: Educational...
Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Alyonushka" Pavinsky municipal district, Kostroma region Summary of a mathematics lesson in the preparatory group "How to help Pinocchio?" Prepared by Brueva M.N. 2019 Integration educational areas: “Cognitive development”, “Socio-communicative development”, Physical development...
To color sawdust, take ultramarine blue and dilute it in hot water, where the wood powder is immersed, colored before our eyes to the desired color. Taken out of the paint, it is wrung out and placed thin layer on a baking sheet to dry.
Wood powder can be used to cover models instead of paint, but for this it is prepared in a wide variety of colors, dried and placed in jars. Best paint for this purpose - aniline, sold in bags for dyeing cotton fabrics. The powder is applied in a thin layer to hot wood glue and pressed down. When it dries, the excess is poured into a jar and stored for future work.
The snow surface is made like this: the desired part is smeared with glue and sprinkled with brown powder mixed with boric acid to add shine. You can also make the surface of cotton wool (absorbent), which is spread in an even and thin layer on top of white paper. The cotton wool is sprinkled with boric acid on top.
When the glued parts are dry, they are covered with putty made from chalk (tooth powder) and glue. Depending on the color that the soil should have, add to the chalk different paint. The putty is applied in a thin layer, and in those places where it is required, it takes the shape of the necessary convexities, relief, protrusions, banks, etc.
The purpose of coating with putty is to hold the model together, smooth out or create unevenness, and make it dense and monolithic. When applying it, the putty can contain pebbles and roots that imitate one or another object.
The background of the layout can be painted with brown paint or sprinkled with wood powder over glue, or covered with dark paper. After finishing, the entire model, while it is raw, is sprinkled with diamond mounds, which makes it come to life, especially in the evening light.
The inscriptions are made on drawing paper in ink and placed under glass, like labels, and the layout is ready.
Let's turn to making some details of the layouts.
The forest and bushes conventionally represent green deciduous mosses. They gather in advance. You need to choose the greenest, brightest and not very juicy ones, dry them in a draft, but not in the sun. Very dense bouquets are tied from mosses, which are inserted into holes made in the model with an awl.
Grass layout
The grassy surface on the models can also be depicted with moss. The surface is covered with matte green paper or painted with green paint. The green background is smeared with glue and sprinkled with finely trimmed moss. Moss can be replaced with painted green small sawdust. If you need to represent part of the vegetation in natural form, then you have to take real plants or parts of them dried in sand.
Surface unevenness, pits, small rises, etc., do this: moisten in liquid wood glue a wad of thin paper of the required size and stick it on the surface of the stand. Soak another piece of colored paper in glue. When it becomes soft, place it on the lump and press the edges around the lump to the surface of the stand. Coat the irregularities with glue and sprinkle with cut moss or soil.
Imitation of the earth's surface. The easiest way to arrange flat surface soil. It is enough to grease a piece of cardboard and sprinkle it with earth or sand. The cardboard must be painted the same color as the soil being prepared.
“Earth” is done like this. Take thin cardboard and matte black paper. Cut out a piece of cardboard of the required size, cover it with matte black paper, reverse side The cardboard must be covered with paper immediately, otherwise it will warp. In the absence of paper, cardboard can be successfully painted with soot using glue. Apply wood glue to the black side of the cardboard, cover it thickly with soil in an even layer, let it dry for half an hour and only then shake off the excess soil.
Dry land is not black, but gray and therefore, in order for it to remain black, it must be painted. This is done before applying the sticker. Take black mineral paint, spread it on a saucer and pour earth into it. Dry the paint-soaked soil in the sun or in an oven.
The sand surface is made using exactly the same techniques, you just need to take yellow paper instead of black, preferably ordinary wrapping paper. Occasionally it is necessary to paint the background with watercolor paint if the “breed” being prepared has a shade of a different color.
For sandy landscapes, artificial sand is prepared. It is made up of 20% natural sand and 80% ocher. The mixture is thoroughly mixed.
Of the natural pebbles, it is best to use pebbles taken from a stream, as well as fine gravel. In order to attach pebbles, sticks or any objects to cardboard, they are smeared with very thick wood glue and lowered into their designated places. When cooking lei, add a little granulated sugar for strength.
Stream layout
The stream is decorated with paints, and its bed is filled with specially applied putty. blue powder of the blue embankment, which gives off a shine, and the shore - with earth and pebbles.
To enliven the landscape, animals can be cut out of plywood, painted and attached in appropriate places on the layout. Also the foreground plants. The stones must be prepared from paper pulp and then painted. You can also use corresponding drawings for this purpose by cutting and gluing them onto cardboard, and then attaching them to the layout.
High slopes and cliffs. A box of the required size is bent and glued from cardboard. It is glued bottom up onto a piece of cardboard. This will be the skeleton of the mountain. You can stick a sheet on all or some sides thick paper so that one edge of it is attached to the edge of the bottom of the box, and the other to the cardboard, you will get a slope of the desired steepness. The paper is taken in the appropriate color depending on whether the slope is earthen, sandy or grassy. When the model is finished, this slope is smeared with glue and sprinkled with sand, earth or cut moss.
For tearing, use thin gray wrapping paper. Cut the desired piece, soak it in liquid wood glue and apply it in the same way as the “slope”, but, of course, lower it much steeper. The glue will dry soon, and you can easily assemble the paper into any folds or gathers. When the glue dries and the paper hardens, coat it with glue again and, holding the “break” up, sprinkle with sand. Then the assemblies and folds will resemble potholes washed with water on the slope of a ravine. You can sprinkle the “cliff” not only with sand. Having collected multi-colored clays, pour them onto the glue in horizontal stripes and visually depict the layering of the earth's crust.
Such models of mountains, cliffs, banks and even ravines can be easily made from life if you have drawings and maps of the area.
If you are building a collection of rocks from a cliff, an accurate, well-proportioned model of the cliff, made (with glue) from genuine, locally sourced materials, will greatly enhance the value of your collection.
Building model dwellings or villages develops students' resourcefulness and creative initiative. And such models produced will serve as valuable aids for the geography classroom. Pictures, drawings, etc., as well as descriptions in magazines and books can be used for guidance. As an example, here is a description of one layout.
In front of the cave entrance, a man is sitting by the fire. All the inhabitants of the cave went hunting. The remaining one must guard the home and maintain the “eternal flame.”
A well-made model of a primitive man's cave will help you imagine the life of our ancient ancestors. The size of the base is 40 X 40 cm. The height of the back wall is 40 cm. Model a model of a mountain with a cave out of clay. Cover the model with layers of paper. Pre-tear the paper into pieces of 150×150 mm. You will have a papier-mâché cast of a mountain. Sew the mountain to the base and to the back wall of the layout.
Cover the area around the mountain with earth and green sawdust. Color the mountain so that it looks like it is made of stone. Animal skins are made well from pieces of an old shaggy towel. Paint the “skins” and glue them inside the cave. There are stone tools in the cave. Model the stone parts of the ax and spear from plasticine or other material. Make a fire from tissue paper painted red and yellow. For the figure of a primitive man, make a frame from soft thin wire, then apply plasticine to it. Dress a person in a piece of animal skin.
In their works, modelers sometimes turn to mountain themes. And here, in addition to the usual work of gluing and painting figures, they face two main problems:
1. Believably show the actions of people in the mountains.
2. Production of imitation mountain terrain.
In principle, considering that most have never been to the mountains, and even more so, have never climbed rocks with a backpack, you don’t have to worry too much about these points. Practice shows that almost any quality of performance of a “mountain” composition will still be received with a bang by the audience. But, for those masochistic modelers who are interested in making not a stand with beautiful toy soldiers, but trying to show a piece real life, this is not enough. And it is for them that the material below is intended.
Let me clarify right away that I will not discuss the first point here.
Let's move on to making mountainous terrain, and more specifically, rocks.
Today, the most popular way to create a miniature mountain setting is to pour plaster/alabaster into crumpled foil.
There is another option to sculpt the stones yourself. But, as practice shows, nothing good comes of this. At best, modelers come up with some round river bulges. But certainly not rock fragments. So let's move on to the foil right away.
Yes, indeed, in this way you can get a relief and texture that is closest to reality, but...Only at first glance! In fact, plaster frozen in crumpled foil is similar, first of all (and secondly, by the way, too) to plaster frozen in foil. It resembles mountains only on a very small scale. Let's just say - it looks quite similar to a mountain range at 1:1000. But not at 1:35.
There are two main problems here - the lack characteristic features mountainous terrain, and smoothed, rounded surfaces of “rocks”, almost completely devoid of the texture of real stones. In my opinion, at best it looks like frozen volcanic lava.
Or another mistake - monotonous repeatability of the relief. What looks more like ruins architectural structure than real mountains.
Now let's see how we can get rid of these shortcomings.
The main problem of casting in foil is smooth surface final product.
To get rid of this, you can use sandpaper of different grains, which is inserted in fragments into a foil mold. As a result, the finished casting of the resulting rocks will become more varied in texture.
As another option, you can put a little sand in places in a foil pan. This will also add variety to the resulting surface.
And to make the casting immediately richer in shades, you can also add various natural “dyes” - soot, ash, earth, etc.
But that's not all!
In the end, it is still necessary to manually bring the entire surface to a realistic look - the finished castings then need to be finished with cutters, sandpaper, needle files and other improvised tools.
And besides the texture of the surface, you need to pay great attention to the relief itself - cracks, chips, etc.
As a result of all these manipulations, an interesting effect can be obtained that closely resembles real rocks.
Below is an example of what this might look like. Not here yet finishing(painting, imitation vegetation, etc.). But even in this form, I think it looks much more interesting.
(The 1:35 Goblin Huntsman figure from Zvezda is shown here just to give an example of the scale of the work)
And one more option...
In fact, there are many more nuances to realistically displaying mountains. But even after doing only what was said above, appearance Such dioramas can be significantly improved, gradually moving away from toy doll models to real mountains.
(photos from the site are used in the text
Often children need a model of a mountain for school, play or other purposes. How to make it at home from scrap materials is presented below. This activity is exciting. The whole family can be involved in the process of creating a landscape. The list of materials from which a model can be made is huge and varied.
Made from plasticine
The easiest way to make a mountain craft with your own hands is from plasticine. Schoolchildren often end up with used plasticine after school, which is no longer useful for other work. But for creating a layout - just right. If you mix all the colors you get brown tint, which is suitable for simulating rocks.
You can use a thick cardboard cone as a base. You can first make a sketch of the future craft.
First you need to install the cone on the stand and fix it with plasticine. Paint the base of the mountain brown. The summit can be turned into a snowy peak using white. Use a green tint to depict herbaceous vegetation along the base. Red and yellow colors will imitate flowers.
All that remains is to draw the gorges, washed out by water flows, and crevices with a stack so that the mountain takes on a natural appearance.
From salt dough
Using salt dough significantly expands the scope for creativity. The molded base is painted with paints.
It is necessary to knead the dough by mixing flour, salt and water in equal proportions. The dough should be tight. If you add dyes to it, it will acquire color. But for the mountain layout it is not necessary to add them.
A cardboard cone, foil or plastic bottle is used as a base. Place it on the stand and secure it. Cover with pieces of dough, giving the required form and working out the details. This workpiece must be dried thoroughly before continuing to work. During drying, cracks may appear on the surface. But in this case it will only add naturalness.
Paint with gouache or acrylic paints. This is how you can make a model of a mountain from salt dough.
Paper mountains
Most available material, which is in every home - these are newspapers. How to make mountains with your own hands from paper is described below.
Need to install plastic bottle on a stand. Cut strips of cardboard 2-3 cm wide and length equal to the height of the mountain. Place 5-6 pieces vertically, fasten them at the top with a stapler or glue, and decorate the slopes. In order for the mountain to take shape, you need to glue horizontal strips around the entire circumference at different heights. It turns out to be a "skeleton".
Crumple up sheets of old newspapers or magazines and place them under the frame to give it strength. After this, you need to cover the surface with sheets of white paper. Double-sided tape or glue is used for fastening. Paint the blank.
Papier-mâché
Here's how to make mountains out of paper for a model, imitating a mountain range:
- Crumple up newspaper sheets and moisten them with water from a spray bottle.
- Shape into mountain peaks or hills.
- In a bowl, dilute PVA glue with water in a 1:1 ratio.
- Tear newspaper or writing paper into pieces up to 10 cm in size.
- Soak the strips in glue and apply them to the desired area of the base. Apply 5-7 layers.
- Next you need to glue paper or white napkins so that later after painting the typographic font does not show through the paint.
- Color the slopes.
How to make a mountain layout more realistic? Coat the slopes with a thin layer of glue and sprinkle with sand, salt or semolina. Once dry, it can be painted to even out the background.
Model made of polystyrene foam and polyurethane foam
Before making a model of a mountain from polyurethane foam, you need to prepare the base. This could be a sheet of cardboard or a piece of plywood. Squeeze a stream of spray onto it from the bottle and form a mountain. It must be taken into account that when frozen polyurethane foam expands, so the size will increase. When working, do not touch uncured material with your hands!
Leave for a day to thicken. Use a sharp knife to cut off excess. Top layer can be made from papier-mâché, or simply painted in the desired colors.
You can make a model of a mountain from a thick piece of polystyrene foam. Several layers of this material are pricked on top of each other, fastened with toothpicks. Then the excess is cut off and the top layer is decorated.
Your imagination will tell you how to make a model of a mountain. You can use a large number of available materials. For decoration you can use twigs, cones, artificial plants. Imitation of water can be done using a glue gun.
