Botanists conventionally divide raspberries into garden and forest ones. Forest (wild) raspberries love shady forests, the so-called “raspberry forests” - pine or pine-deciduous forests with moist, but not very damp soil.
Wild raspberries have more aromatic, nutritious and healing berries than cultivated (garden) raspberries. That is why it is better to harvest wild raspberries for medicinal purposes.
Wild raspberry fruits must be collected in dry weather, since they quickly deteriorate when wet.
Benefit
Attention! After taking raspberry decoctions and infusions, you must definitely go to bed!1. Wild raspberries contain sugar, organic acids, vitamins B, C, PP, essential oil, pectins, tannins and dyes, carotene, copper, iron and potassium salts, folic acid, catechins, flavonoids and anthocyanins.
2. Wild raspberry seeds contain fatty acids, and the leaves contain vitamins C, E, carotene, phenol carbonic acids, catechins and flavonoids.
3. There is more iron in wild raspberries than in other berry crops, with the exception of cherries and gooseberries.
4. 1 cup of wild raspberries, eaten daily, can provide a person’s daily requirement for vitamin C.
5. Fresh raspberries are very useful for atherosclerosis and hypertension. They relieve intoxication after drugs and alcohol, and help with headaches.
6. Unlike other berries, raspberries do not lose their healing (medicinal) properties after heat treatment. Therefore, raspberry jam - the best remedy for colds.
7. The combination of hematopoietic elements and vitamin B9 makes raspberries able to prevent anemia and leukemia (bleeding).
Read more about the beneficial properties of raspberries in the article "Raspberries".
Harm
1. In the stage of exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases (with acute anacid and hyperacid gastritis), as well as with stomach and duodenal ulcers, it is also better to avoid raspberries.2. Some people develop an individual intolerance to raspberries: the skin begins to itch and dizziness occurs. Therefore, when consuming raspberries, it is recommended to be careful if the body is prone to allergic reactions.
3. Fresh raspberries are contraindicated for the following diseases.
Forest raspberry grows throughout the European part of Russia, in most of Siberia. Prefers to grow on the edges, forest clearings, clearings (plantings). Sometimes it grows strongly and forms so-called raspberry forests or raspberry thickets, occupying large forest areas. Wild raspberries are practically no different in appearance from ordinary ones. garden raspberries, but the aroma and beneficial properties many times superior to it.
Medicinal properties
The healing properties of raspberries are well known. It contains up to 10% sugars, organic acids, iron, fiber, vitamins PP, C, A. The fruits, stems, leaves and roots of the plant are used for medicinal purposes. The fruits are good for colds, colds, as a diaphoretic, anti-sclerotic agent. Aqueous infusions of the leaves are used for sore throats and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract.
Culinary use
It is better to eat the berries raw, fresh, but with large volumes of preparations you can (and should) make preserves and jams for the winter, grind them or make raspberry syrup. For long-term storage Raspberries can be frozen or dried. Marmalade, compotes, marshmallows, alcoholic drinks: liqueurs and liqueurs
In cosmetology
Raspberry infusion and decoction are used for skin inflammation. For acne, an ointment is prepared from one part of freshly squeezed raspberry leaf juice and three parts of natural cow's milk. butter. Creams based on raspberry juice moisturize and nourish the skin, protecting it from premature aging. Allows you to get rid of freckles and age spots. The use of shampoos with raspberry juice makes hair elastic and silky, with a healthy shiny tint.
Blank
The berries usually ripen in July. The fruits are harvested in hot and dry weather, after the morning dew has dried. For collection, a small container with a capacity of 1 to 3 liters is used. Raspberries are harvested by separating them from the receptacle. It is this volume that ensures the best preservation.
Leaves and flowers are harvested in June-July. Dry thin layer on outdoors under a canopy, in a well-ventilated area or in attics. Finished raw materials are stored for no more than one year in sealed opaque containers.
Photos of wild raspberries
In photos 1 and 2: Wild raspberry flowers and newly formed berries in early June
In photos 3 and 4: the third ten days of June - the first wild raspberries.
In photo 5: Wild raspberries.
Photo 6: Raspberry season is in full swing (early July).
In photo 7: Photo of wild raspberries after rain.
In photo 8 Ripe berry raspberries close up
Description of wild raspberries in pictures
Video about wild raspberries
What we eat from raspberries is not a berry. What then is it? The raspberry fruit is a complex drupe, but not a berry. Detailed description forest raspberries. Useful and medicinal properties.
Raspberries belong to the Rosaceae family ( Rosaceae Luss.), genus Rubus L.
Subgenus raspberries ( idaeobatus) includes more than 120 species.
Delicious and healthy raspberries has been held in high esteem by humans for a long time, and the history of its cultivation goes back centuries. This is evidenced by excavations of ancient settlements (Stone and Bronze Ages), where raspberry seeds were found.
Raspberries have always been revered, and even during deforestation, raspberry bushes were not touched. In ancient times, the Greeks and Romans collected wild raspberries and used them to treat many diseases. AND Slavic tribes used wild raspberries as a delicacy and a medicinal plant.
The first written information about raspberries was left by the ancient Greek scientist Cato (Marcus Porcius Cato Major, 3rd century BC), author of the treatise “On Agriculture”.
A native of northern Italy, Roman statesman, encyclopedist and historian Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus, 1st century AD) wrote about wild raspberries growing in the mountain range in the center of the island of Crete, on Mount Ida. Therefore, Pliny gave the raspberry the name Rubus Idaeus. Based on Pliny's notes, Swedish naturalist and plant taxonomist Carl Linnaeus (Linnaeus, 18th century) assigned the Latin botanical name Rubus to raspberries.
There is a legend about why raspberries are red. "... Jupiter in his infancy caused an echo with his cry, from which the inhabitants of the mountains became deaf. Then the daughter of the king of Crete, the nymph Ida (in Greek Idea), in order to appease the young thunderer, picked raspberries for him. In doing so, she scratched her chest with the thorns of the plant shoots. The blood of a nymph turned white raspberries red…»
For a long time, raspberries have been used as wild plant. However, in the 4th century AD, the Roman explorer and writer Palladius in his writings already called raspberries a garden plant.
First information about raspberry culture in Western Europe date back to the 16th century. Raspberries from the forests were transplanted into monastery gardens, where they tried to cultivate them.
Raspberries appeared in America much later. The first European varieties of red raspberries brought there turned out to be insufficiently adapted to the local climate.
Cultivation of raspberries in Russia
In Rus', the first raspberry plantations were founded by Yuri Dolgoruky. There are mentions of them in the chronicles: these raspberry fields were so large that bears often came from the forests to “graze” there.
Many raspberry varieties are descended from the wild red raspberry. It is most widespread in areas of stable moisture with moderate temperatures during the growth period. With heavy snow cover, raspberry bushes winter well, which contributes to widespread raspberries even in Siberia.
The introduction of raspberries into cultivation occurred in the 17th century, and in 1828, three of its varieties were first described in Russia. And already in 1831 there were 12 varieties of raspberries, in 1860 - 150 varieties. Subsequently, the raspberry assortment expanded somewhat, but still remained quite poor until the end of the century.
Since the mid-19th century, a local variety of raspberries has been widely cultivated in Russia. Mustache and American variety Marlborough. Until I found a better replacement, for a long time and I grew raspberries Marlborough. It has two very significant drawbacks: the berries ripen quickly and immediately fall off; The berries are significantly inferior in taste and aroma to wild raspberries.
At the beginning of the 20th century good varieties raspberries appeared from breeders Stupin, Kuzmin, Michurin. Three decades later, work on raspberry breeding was continued by the emerging scientific institutions in the Soviet Union.
Mostly grown in gardens various varieties red raspberries(Rubus idaeus L.). Most modern large-fruited raspberries of Russian and foreign selection are nothing more than hybrids of raspberries and blackberries in at least one generation.
IN recent years began to cultivate and black raspberries(R. occidentalis L.). Russian scientists have obtained the first varieties using Korean raspberries(R. coreanus Mig), raspberry hawthorn leaf(R. crafaegifoiius Bge.), raspberry wine(R. phoenicoiasius Maxim.). Due to their unusual advantages(immunity, etc.) these varieties may become standard, but it is too early to write about this - the breeding work has not yet been completely completed.
By the end of the last century, the world assortment of this popular berry culture already numbered about 600 varieties. Both Russian breeders and breeders from other countries have made a great contribution to the creation of wonderful raspberry varieties with red, yellow, white or black berries. Fruit-bearing raspberry bushes, abundantly covered with ripe multi-colored berries, are very decorative.
Raspberries occupy a prominent place among other berries - incomparable taste and aroma, healing properties helped raspberries become one of the most popular garden crops. With the arrival of citrus fruits on our market, there were some fears that citrus fruits would displace raspberries from our diet. But these fears were in vain. Every fruit and every berry is good in its own way, but fresh raspberries one of the first in this series. And also on processing for the winter, on their taste and aroma, on medicinal properties no berry compares to raspberries in our area.
Due to changes in the technology of cutting down and planting forests, recently we have less and less wild forest raspberries. In former times, they tried not to leave stumps from cut trees - they were uprooted and raked together with small branches into large shafts, where raspberries loved to settle. And young forest was planted in the vacant space manually or with the help of simple devices. Now stumps are not uprooted, seedlings are planted using powerful equipment - this prevents wild raspberries good conditions for growth and reproduction.
Nedyalkov Stefan Fedorovich (Novopolotsk, Republic of Belarus)
[email protected]
All about raspberries on the website website
|
|
Weekly Free Site Digest website
Every week, for 10 years, for our 100,000 subscribers, an excellent selection of relevant materials about flowers and gardens, as well as other useful information.
Subscribe and receive!
Every person knows and loves raspberries since childhood. The berries of this plant smell pleasant, and their sweet and sour taste cannot be confused with any other. Sweet aromatic jam is prepared from them, and raspberry tea is not only tasty, but also healthy.
This plant is indispensable in folk medicine. If you have your own plot of land, it is worth planting at least a few raspberry bushes on it. To do this, you need to know how to choose the right place for a raspberry plant. In this article you will find a description of the plant, what kind of lighting raspberries prefer and bear fruit best.
Common raspberry: description
The raspberry bush is a branched plant 0.6-2.2 m high. The stem is straight and erect. The root is twisted, has a large number of appendages, and is woody. Aboveground branches are also observed.
The leaves of the plant are ovate and oblong in shape. The leaves are green on top and whitish and bristly underneath. The flowers are light green, they “hide” in the axils of the leaves and flaunt on the tops of the stems. The raspberry berry is a complex drupe, it has a spherical shape. Small drupes are covered with villi. The color of the fruit depends on the variety.
Raspberry bushes bloom in May-June, the berries can be harvested in July-August, and ripe fruits are very easily removed from the receptacle.
Raspberry: where it grows, sensitivity to light
It is very important to know the requirements that raspberry bushes dictate to us. The main thing is to immediately determine what is needed for a plant such as raspberries, where it grows and bears fruit best.
When planting bushes great value have the following factors:
- Lighting. An area that is well lit by the sun is the place where raspberries grow best. This plant is sensitive to heat and light. It cannot be planted in the shade; it will not bear fruit without sunlight.
- Moisture. The soil under the raspberry tree should drain well. Raspberries do not tolerate dampness and excessive moisture at all; where they grow well is in areas that have a certain slope. Wetlands are not suitable for such bushes.
- Temperature. Cold and strong winds are destructive for raspberries. Such plants are afraid of frost, so winter time care must be taken to ensure that a lot of snow accumulates in the area with raspberry bushes. It is not advisable to have large tree plantations nearby.
We plan the place where raspberries grow in advance
If you decide to get your own raspberry bushes, first of all, you need to calculate how many you will need. Approximately one bush produces 0.6-0.7 kg of berries per year. Productivity largely depends, of course, on the variety.
When you have calculated the required number of plants, think about the fact that they tend to grow a lot. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent raspberries from taking over the entire area of the site in advance. To do this, you can simply surround the raspberry tree with sorrel, which blocks the growth of overly active bushes. Or build a fence around the berry garden.
It is known that raspberries can give excellent harvests delicious, aromatic berries for ten years. Therefore, it is important to initially “settle” the bushes in the right place and suitable for a given plant, so that later you don’t have to work on replanting.
This summer in our north Nizhny Novgorod region There were so many forest raspberries that my neighbor in the garden and a passionate (yes, yes) lover and connoisseur of nature doubted whether it was necessary to plant and grow them in the garden.
In fact, in our forests over time (after a hurricane five years ago), many raspberry thickets appeared in clearings, and they were full of berries. Juicy, aromatic - they are not even very different in size from garden ones. And they say that wild raspberries will be more beneficial.
The scientific name of raspberry comes from the Latin word ruber - red - based on the color of the berries, and in Rus' it is often called bear berry, of course, bears really love raspberries. just like honey!
The height of the bushes in our area reaches one and a half meters, but generally does not exceed a meter. This is a perennial subshrub with barren shoots of the first year of life, while the shoots of the second year are hung with small berries.
There are also spines on the shoots, which gradually dry out.
Wild raspberries begin to bloom in June, continue in July, at the same time fruits with seeds inside are formed, they are easily removed from the receptacle conical shape. The harvest can be harvested gradually for about a month in July-August.
For medicinal purposes, the fruits of wild raspberries are mainly used, but the leaves and shoots are also useful; they are collected during flowering.
Forest raspberry leaves contain:
- vitamins C, there is more of it than in berries, E, carotene;
- organic acids;
- flavonoids quercetin, isoquercetin and others;
- tannins;
- mineral salts
In berries, seeds:
- sugars - glucose, fructose, sucrose, xylitol;
- organic acids - malic, salicylic, formic and others;
- B vitamins, carotene, C, E, PP,
- salts of iron, copper, potassium, phosphorus;
- fiber;
- proteins;
- pectins
- purines
- flavonoids
So rich" inner world“Gives wild raspberries anti-sclerotic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diaphoretic, and diuretic properties.
But first the plant must be collected and dried. After all, raspberries are most often used for colds during the cold season.
Harvesting wild raspberries
You need to go to the forest to pick berries and leaves in good dry weather. It is especially good if there is a breeze. It will quickly dry the dew. If the berries are covered in dew or raindrops, it is better to choose a different time for picking. Excess moisture will reduce the quality of the raw material and it may turn sour.
You only need to pick ripe raspberries that can be easily separated from the stalk. To prevent the berries from getting crushed, they are arranged with twigs or leaves.
There is no need to delay drying. Wild raspberries, like garden raspberries, are not stored for long. True, forest fruit contains more dry matter (seeds) than pulp, so it does not spoil immediately.
After picking, the berries are laid out in a thin layer and set out to dry in the sun. This process can be carried out in a dryer, first at 40 degrees, then bringing it to 60 degrees.
It is best to store berries in glass jars with lid at room temperature.
The leaves are dried, like any herb, in the shade in the breeze, or also in dryers.
I don’t dry the leaves, but cover them with granulated sugar, crush them, leave them for a couple of days to ferment, then put them in the refrigerator. When a brown syrup forms, drain it and add a little alcohol. This way you get a weak “liqueur”, which can be added a little to tea in winter.
You can place the leaves tightly in a saucepan or basin, compact them further, cover with a damp cloth and leave until a peculiar smell appears (be careful not to sour). Then dry in an open oven. Brew like tea.
If possible, you should freeze raspberries for the winter.
For what diseases is wild raspberry used?
1. Of course, first of all for colds. Flu, sore throat, bronchitis.
A decoction of leaves and shoots can be used to gargle for sore throat and bronchitis. To prepare the decoction, take a handful of raw materials, add one liter of boiling water, and cook for half an hour. This decoction can be drunk in small sips throughout the day.
For the flu, pour tablespoons of dry raspberries into a thermos with two glasses of boiling water and leave for 2 hours. Drink half a glass 4 times a day.
Mix raspberry jam well with honey in a ratio of 1:2, heat in a water bath and consume in warm a tablespoon.
2. Atherosclerosis and hypertension. Brew tea from leaves, frozen and dried raspberries.
3. Mastopathy. The leaves are boiled in milk for 10 minutes and warm compresses are made from them on the mammary gland for half an hour.
4. Adenoma. A handful of crushed shoots is poured with 0.5 liters of boiling water, left for half an hour, filtered and taken with a small amount of honey in a glass three times a day for a month.
5. For dermatitis, apply juice to the affected areas. You can also make an infusion of raspberry flowers in olive oil.
6. Eye inflammation and acne. Brew a tablespoon of flowers with a glass of boiling water and make a compress on the eyes, wipe problem areas.
7. Hemorrhoids. Drink a decoction of forest or garden raspberry flowers (a tablespoon per glass) three times a day.
8. Constipation. Berries contain a lot of pectin, which helps with constipation. However, moderation must be observed during periods of exacerbation of intestinal diseases.
There are contraindications to treatment with wild berries - for gout and nephritis, since raspberries contain purine bases (salicylates). However, there are not such a large number of them that one would refuse such a tasty and healthy berry.
