Insulation of walls from the inside of a panel house. Insulating walls in an apartment: fighting a cold wall. Methods of external insulation of facades

Contents of the article:

Wall insulation is a series of measures aimed at increasing the comfort of living in a house by reducing its heat losses. High-quality thermal insulation of enclosing structures allows you to provide the premises with an acceptable temperature and optimal humidity level. Modern technologies for insulating panel walls make it possible to carry out the necessary procedures without temporarily eviction of residents and with minimal financial costs.

Choosing a method for wall insulation

Compared to brick buildings, panel houses have much less resistance to the effects of sudden temperature changes. IN winter period concrete walls freeze strongly, and with the onset of heat they condense on their inner surface moisture, which promotes mold formation. In such conditions, the decorative finishing of the room can become completely unusable, not to mention the harmful effect of fungal spores on the health of the inhabitants of the home.

Only the right decision for concrete panel walls is their thermal insulation, creating a “thermos” effect in the interior of the house. There are two types of wall insulation: internal and external. The choice of any of them depends on the area of the premises, living conditions, number of floors and financial capabilities of the owners.

Owners of private houses have the opportunity to carry out both external and internal insulation themselves. External thermal insulation apartment buildings You won’t be able to do it yourself, because with outside At home, materials should be laid exclusively by experienced specialists who have permission to carry out high-altitude work and the appropriate equipment for an industrial climber. Such work is not cheap, so many apartment owners prefer to insulate the panel wall from the inside on their own.

Internal wall insulation has more disadvantages than advantages. With such insulation, the area of the room is reduced by an average of 8-10 cm along the entire length of the walls due to the thickness of the insulation and decorative cladding. During the renovation, full use of the room becomes impossible. Polystyrene foam or mineral wool, which is used as insulation, can subsequently cause an allergic reaction in the body.

But most importantly, the insulation laid on the inside insulates wall panels from the heating system. This means they are in the zone subzero temperatures. As a result, the dew point shifts to the inner surface of the walls, as a result of which condensation accumulates between the insulation and the enclosing structure, which contributes to the development of fungus. However, with the right internal insulation many of its negative factors can be minimized.

If it is possible to insulate panel walls from the outside, it is recommended to give preference to this method. It has undoubted advantages:

The load-bearing walls of the building are covered with insulation and sheathing against weathering and precipitation, which extends its service life.
By moving the dew point to the outer surface of the walls, they do not freeze in winter and keep the room cool in summer.
The usable area of the room is preserved, which is especially important for small apartments.
Unlike internal insulation, the room can be fully used during thermal insulation.

The materials used to insulate panel walls using this method have increased heat and sound insulation, high strength, durability, resistance to precipitation and changes in outside air temperature.

External thermal insulation changes the appearance of the facade. Sometimes this requires permission from the authorities.

Selection of material for wall insulation

Wall insulation is carried out using various heat-insulating materials, which differ from each other in their properties, scope and cost. The most popular of them in this case are foam, glass and mineral basalt wool.

Any wall insulation must be different long-term operation, fire resistance, elasticity, lack of heat loss and the presence of biological protection. Their environmental safety is also extremely important, especially when used for internal insulation of premises, since low-quality material can negatively affect the health of their inhabitants.

For the right choice it is necessary to know the properties of this or that insulation. Let's look at them in detail:

Mineral wool. Basalt stone is used as the main raw material for its production. Cotton wool has a fibrous structure, thanks to which the material retains air, which in itself is an excellent heat insulator. Mineral wool is available in slabs or rolls. It has low thermal conductivity, good fire resistance and durability. Its only drawback will be instability to moisture. Therefore, when installing mineral wool, it requires careful waterproofing protection. The material is used for both external and internal insulation of walls in panel house.
Glass wool. The structure of this insulation is made up of thin glass fibers up to 5 cm long. Previously, the material was very popular, but in recent years began to give way to more technologically advanced models. Glass wool does not burn, withstands low temperatures well, has good sound insulation characteristics and low cost. It is not suitable for rodents and does not support the development of fungus and mold. The insulation is environmentally friendly and elastic: if glass wool is compressed, it quickly acquires its original appearance after removal from the packaging. However, compared to others thermal insulation materials The service life of glass wool is slightly lower. In addition, working with it requires the presence of protective equipment for the skin, eyes and respiratory tract. When the glass fibers of the material come into contact with the body, they cause severe itching, so it is recommended to install such insulation in thick clothing and gloves. Special glasses and a respirator will also not be superfluous.
Foam plastic. This is the most common and economical insulation. There are two types of it: foamed and extruded. They differ in manufacturing technology, appearance and price. The first is cheaper, consists of sintered granules, and the second has a dense, fine-cell structure. Most often, polystyrene foam is produced in the form of slabs. It has excellent heat and sound insulation characteristics, excellent moisture resistance, light weight and durability at correct installation. The disadvantages of this insulation include its fragility, which mainly concerns foamed foam. Therefore, when purchasing several slabs, it is recommended to take in reserve. Polystyrene foam is a flammable material that, in the event of a fire, releases toxins that are hazardous to health, although the fire itself can hardly be called safe. And lastly: this insulation does not have biological protection, so rodents and mold can grow in it. To minimize risks, you need to work with polystyrene foam in a strictly technological sequence.
Penofol. It belongs to the new generation of thermal insulation. The insulation is made by foaming polyethylene and has a foil coating. It can be used for external and internal wall insulation. Penofol is produced in the form of rolls and is characterized by its small thickness, which does not affect its heat-insulating qualities. It is environmentally friendly, easy to install and compact for transportation. In addition, this material is different high sound insulation, fire safety and low vapor permeability. The insulation is laid using a special adhesive composition.
Fibrolite. The insulation is made from compressed wood shavings, using magnesium salt or Portland cement as a binder. Fiberboard goes on sale in the form of slabs covered with protective film, which prevents the penetration of moisture into the material and the formation of mold. The material is easy to process and easy to install. After installation on the wall, the fiberboard slabs are plastered. After this, the finished coating becomes hard and durable.
Cork insulation. The material is used for internal insulation of panel walls. Of all the above insulation materials, it is the most environmentally friendly. Cork insulation has high strength, low weight, and low thermal conductivity. It is durable, multifunctional and shrink resistant. The material is produced in the form of plates. After installing them on the wall, there is no need to perform further finishing of the coating; it will already have a quite presentable appearance. In addition, cork insulation has good biological protection, which counteracts the appearance of various microorganisms in it. This material is expensive, but the price is more than compensated by its advantages.
Foamed polyurethane. To apply it to the surface, special equipment and installation of formwork are required. The material goes through the polymerization process very quickly, and after its completion it is covered waterproofing film. The structure of the insulation resembles a frozen layer of polyurethane foam. Its strength is low, so polyurethane must be covered with external finishing. As an additional hard covering, you can use plasterboard sheets or plywood. Due to the fact that the entire structure is mounted on a frame, the usable area of the room will be reduced by the thickness of the internal cladding.

Before purchasing any insulation for panel walls, it is recommended to check product certificates and the material’s compliance with sanitary and fire safety standards.

Preparing the surface of panel walls for thermal insulation

Before insulating walls panel house selected material, it is necessary to prepare them with the preliminary purchase of appropriate tools. But first you need to determine the source of heat loss through the wall panels. As a rule, residents of the lower floors suffer more than others from cold and dampness. The same applies to rooms that are located at the end parts of the building. In such places there is the largest area of contact between the walls and outside air and humidity.

Cold can enter the room through cracks in doors and window openings, but the main cause of heat loss is poor-quality sealing or destruction of the material of the interpanel seams. The main indicator of such a defect is the presence of traces of mold in the corners of the ceiling or floor. In addition, the air in the room is constantly damp. Therefore, any insulation of panel walls should begin with sealing the joints between their elements. For this purpose, special silicone-based mixtures are used.

Thermal insulation of panels is recommended to be carried out during the warm season, preferably in summer. The walls must be dry. During internal insulation, their surface should be cleaned of paint, wallpaper and other decorative finishing. When working outside, the façade must also be cleaned and dried. These procedures are performed using hand and electric tools: spatulas, scrapers, drills with attachments, industrial hair dryers, etc.

After cleaning the panel walls, they must be inspected to identify cracks, crevices, depressions and sagging. Lumps can be knocked off the surface using a chisel, and the remaining defects found can be sealed with cement or gypsum mortar. Problem areas should be treated with a primer before repair. better adhesion materials.

When minor defects in the panels have been eliminated, it is recommended to check their surface with a two-meter strip. The gaps between the wall plane and the attached tool should not exceed 2-3 mm. But usually no problems arise, since the factory concrete products initially smooth. If necessary, continuous leveling can be performed thin layer putties.

At the last stage of preparing the walls, they need to be treated with a penetrating primer in 2-3 layers. Adhesive composition the insulation on such a surface will adhere much better. At internal thermal insulation Before priming, the wall should be treated with an antiseptic to prevent the formation of mold. Each applied coat of primer must be completely dry. After final drying, you can begin to insulate the walls internally or externally in a panel house.

As mentioned above, thermal insulation of walls from the inside creates favorable conditions for condensation to form between the insulation and the inner surface of the wall. To minimize the risk of fungus formation for this reason, the layer of material must be hermetically sealed with a vapor-proof film and provide the necessary heat transfer resistance with a minimum thickness. The thicker the insulation layer, the lower the temperature on the wall and the higher the likelihood of steam condensation. In addition, for internal insulation, similar insulation is required for door and window slopes external walls.

Thermal insulation of panel walls with foam plastic

For thermal insulation of panel walls, foam plastic boards PSB-S-25(35), which have an increased density, are used. They are fixed to the surface with a special or tile adhesive, which should ensure maximum filling of the gap between the wall and the insulation.

After gluing, it is recommended that all plates be additionally secured to the wall with plastic disc-shaped dowels, the caps of which will tightly press the material to the base surface. Five dowels are enough for one slab. The coating must be airtight, so the joints of the sheets must be tightly adjusted, and large gaps must be filled polyurethane foam.

Then a layer of glue should be evenly applied to the surface of the thermal insulation and a fiberglass reinforcing mesh with cells measuring 3-6 mm should be pressed into it. After the mixture has dried, an adhesive leveling layer 2 mm thick should be applied to the coating, and the corners should be reinforced with perforated galvanized profiles.

When the glue has dried, the wall can be plastered for wallpapering, painting, or simply tiled.

Wall insulation with mineral wool

For such thermal insulation, a wall frame is required. It can be made from U-shaped metal profiles or wooden beam. The pitch between the frame posts should be 2-3 mm less than the width of the insulation boards. This will allow the material to be held apart between the vertical bars. The density of mineral wool must be at least 75 kg/m3.

Unlike polystyrene foam, mineral wool is vapor permeable. Therefore, after laying the insulation into the cells of the frame, the heat-insulating material must be hermetically covered with a protective film. It is attached to the wooden frame using staplers, and to the metal frame with double-sided tape. Vapor barrier sheets are installed with an overlap of at least 100 mm, their joints are located at vertical elements frame and glued with metallized tape. The film must have overlaps on the floor, ceiling, openings and adjacent walls.

Places where the film is adjacent to pipes and electrical appliances must be carefully processed. For this purpose special liquid sealants. The composition is applied to the junction, the film is pressed against it, and then secured with construction tape to prevent displacement.

After completing the thermal insulation of the wall, you can finish it. Plasterboard sheets, plastic panels, wooden lining and other materials that can be attached to the frame with screws.

Insulation of walls in a panel house with penofol

For internal wall insulation with this material, a wooden frame is needed, which allows you to use all its properties with maximum effect. Due to the fact that penofol has a foil coating, which has high electrical conductivity, it is necessary to check the insulation of cables passing along the wall in order to avoid short circuit. If necessary, they can be stretched in a protective corrugated sleeve.

After making the frame, you should cut the penofol with a knife into sheets, and then attach them end-to-end to wooden racks staplers. Then you need to make another frame, leaving an air gap of 2 cm, and attach sheets or panels to it, which can later be puttied, wallpapered or painted.

Thermal insulation of walls in a panel house from the outside

There are two main methods of external insulation of panel walls: dry and wet. The first method of thermal insulation involves installing a special protective screen, which is called a “ventilated facade”. Its basis is a frame made of metal, on which the insulation is fixed, and then the external cladding is made.

Wet insulation is a frameless installation of insulation on walls followed by finishing with building mixtures. Usually this various types plasters, which may differ from each other color scheme, efficiency, relief and other advantages.

Work on external insulation of a house begins with the repair of interpanel seams. They are cleaned of sealants and old plaster, and then primed and dried. Then a new seal is installed in the seams, priming and putty are repeated.

At the next stage, the walls are prepared. They are cleaned of dirt and old coating. At wet method Insulation foam is most often used as a thermal insulation material. The technology for its installation is practically no different from the method described in the previous section. The only caveat is that the finishing coating here should be used to protect the insulation. building mixtures, resistant to precipitation and temperature changes.

When using frame technology When insulating walls from the outside, the heat insulator is usually basalt wool, which is placed in the cells of the metal structure of the ventilated facade and sealed vapor barrier membrane. The outer cladding of the frame in this case can be made of profiled sheets, plastic panels, wood and other materials.

Watch a video about thermal insulation of walls in a panel house:

To summarize, I would like to add the following. Required information how to insulate a panel wall in an accessible way, we hope you received it. It became obvious that it is better to carry out such work from the outside rather than from the inside of the house. Finding performers for this task is not difficult. There are many construction companies that will insulate an apartment reliably, quickly and efficiently. But if your home is low-rise, you can do all the work yourself and spend the money saved on charity!

Most of the built panel and brick houses did not provide for insulation of facades. Concrete and brick have high density and low thermal insulation properties. The consequence is cold walls and uncomfortable temperatures. There are several ways to insulate from the inside, the main thing is to avoid the appearance of dampness.

Dew point - physics of the phenomenon

A cold wall is not the only drawback of panel or brick houses. Often dampness and accompanying fungus and mold appear on it. The best way struggle - insulating the wall from the outside (this is also a requirement of SNiP), but this is not always possible. Therefore, we have to deal with the cold wall by insulating it from the inside. But there are pitfalls here.

Even if the cold wall was previously dry, when insulating it from the inside, dampness may appear. And the so-called dew point will be to blame.

The dew point is a conditional boundary at which the temperature of water vapor becomes equal to the temperature of condensation formation. It naturally appears during the cold season. With proper design of the house (taking into account the characteristics of the region), it is located approximately in the middle of the thickness of the facade made of a material of uniform density.

If insulation is carried out from the outside, the dew point shifts towards decreasing density (that is, towards the outer surface of the wall). When insulating from the inside, it moves inward, and condensation may appear on the surface of the main wall or inside the insulation.

And to assess the scale of possible damage, it is enough to say that as a result of the life activity of one person, about 4 liters of water evaporate per day (cooking, wet cleaning, personal hygiene, washing, etc.).

Features of insulating a cold wall from the inside

There are several ways to prevent condensation from appearing on an internally insulated wall:

Creating a layer of heat-insulating material with vapor permeability lower than that of the facade material.
Insulation using materials with minimal water absorption.
Application of ventilated facade technology (taking into account internal placement).

Liquid thermal insulation

Polyurethane foam

PPU insulation meets all requirements for vapor barrier, water absorption and absence of seams. Therefore, even if there is a dew point inside the layer, it will remain “conditional”, since there is no condensation in vapor-tight materials. This results in a completely sealed thermal insulation layer on the room side.

The environmental friendliness of polyurethane foam after hardening meets the requirements for residential premises. Harmful fumes are present only when the components are mixed during the spraying process - after polymerization, the structure of the material remains stable.

Apply thermal insulation between the sheathing and sew up with moisture-resistant sheet materials(gypsum board, OSB or plywood). Essentially, it's like a large prefabricated sandwich panel.

The disadvantage of this method is the use of special equipment.

Liquid ceramics

This is a relatively young thermal insulation material, the action of which is based on the use of two principles - the creation of a thin layer with high resistance to heat transfer and the reflection of heat towards the radiation source.

Of course, a thin thermal insulation layer cannot provide good thermal insulation- This is an auxiliary, but mandatory factor. Although it gives a fairly high effect - the wall becomes much “warmer” to the touch.

The main task of reducing heat loss is performed by microscopic ceramic spheres that reflect infrared radiation.

According to the manufacturers, the effect of a 1.5 mm layer can be compared with thermal insulation with 5 cm thick foam plastic or 6.5 cm mineral wool.

The application method is the same as for acrylic paint(the basis is the same). After polymerization, a dense and durable film is formed on the surface, and latex additives improve waterproofing properties.

Rolled thermal insulation

Penofol

Penofol is a combination of polyethylene foam and aluminum foil. This is a whole series of materials (including single-sided, double-sided, laminated, with an adhesive layer). Moreover, it can be used both in combination with other heat-insulating materials, and independently. By the way, penofol is popular for insulating a bathhouse from the inside, and there is much more steam there than in an ordinary living room.

To insulate a cold wall, use penofol with one layer of foil (one-sided) and up to 5 mm thick.

In the case, as with liquid ceramics, the effect is achieved due to the low thermal conductivity of foamed polyethylene, as well as its low vapor permeability and high reflective properties of foil (up to 97%).

But unlike seamless coatings, complete sealing and prevention of cold bridges cannot be achieved. Consequently, condensation may form on the surface of the foil. Even the obligatory sealing of the joints with adhesive aluminum foil will still leave gaps inside between adjacent sheets.

The traditional method of combating the formation of condensation on foil is lathing with a ventilated gap between the penofol and the outer cladding.

Polyph

Another version of foamed polyethylene, but already made in the form of a kind of wallpaper - there is a layer of paper on both sides. Polyfoam and is intended for gluing wallpaper onto it.

Of course, its thermal insulation properties are not as high as those of penofol, but they are quite sufficient to make a cold wall feel warmer to the touch.

In most cases, the insignificant thickness of the insulation does not lead to the dew point moving to the inner surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that only a dry wall is insulated.

Insulation with polystyrene foam

Expanded polystyrene (or extruded polystyrene foam) is glued to the prepared and leveled wall. Both materials have very low water absorption (especially extruded polystyrene foam), so the formation of condensation in the insulation layer is excluded. The main danger is its appearance on the surface of the insulated wall.

Therefore, it is best to glue the sheets to special hydrophobic adhesive mixtures applied over the entire surface of the sheets. And to prevent the penetration of water vapor from the side of the room, treat the seams with sealant (you can also use polystyrene foam with a step or a tongue-and-groove connection).

Finishing can be done in two ways:

mesh reinforcement and plaster application;
paneling by supporting frame, fixed to the floor, ceiling and adjacent walls (false wall made of plasterboard).

Insulation with mineral wool

Mineral wool does not meet the requirements for vapor permeability and water absorption for insulation from the inside. But it can be used.

The main thing is to provide maximum protection against humid air from the side of the room and weathering of water vapor from the insulation layer. That is, create a ventilated facade, but in the reverse order: wall, gap, vapor-permeable membrane, mineral wool, vapor barrier film, decorative cladding indoors.

It is necessary to create a false wall at a distance of 2-3 cm from the main wall. And to ventilate water vapor, make ventilation holes at the bottom and top.

Insulating walls in a panel house will make your life comfortable and enjoyable. The highly professional specialists offered today, coupled with modern technologies do an excellent job of insulating walls, which reduces heat loss, guarantees optimal temperature and humidity level.

There are two ways to normalize the room microclimate:

internal;
external

The preference for one or another option is justified by the type of building, number of floors, and total area of the premises.

Reasons why walls freeze panel houses many, among them:

unsatisfactory heating in winter;
lack of normal ventilation;
unscrupulous approach to the work of builders when building a house (poor sealing of cracks between panels, window openings);
large accumulation of moisture in the wall structure;
poor or deteriorated waterproofing.

Most residents are inclined to think that the walls of a panel house should be insulated from the inside, and they are not always right.

Why you shouldn’t insulate walls from inside the house

Note that insulating walls from the inside of a panel house is associated with disadvantages and is fraught with problems, namely:

It would be more correct to consider the method of thermal insulation of a wall in a panel house from the outside. Benefits this method are the following factors:

It is important to accompany external insulation with protection of the insulation from exposure external factors, for which purpose ventilated facades are installed on the facade surface or the insulation is finished using the wet type.

There are two priority methods for external insulation of panel wall structures:

dry;
wet.

Thermal insulation using the dry method involves installing a special protective screen on the surface - a “ventilated façade”, which is based on metal frame, the insulation is fixed on it, the external cladding is the next step.

Wet insulation involves frameless installation of insulation directly onto the problem area, followed by finishing with building mixtures. As a rule, they mean different types of plaster, differing in relief, color, efficiency and other qualities.

The sequence of work consists of the following operations:

repair of interpanel seams (cleaning of old plaster, seals);
priming and drying;
installation of a new seal in the seams, then secondary primer and putty;
preparation of walls (thorough cleaning of old coating and dirt).

Foam plastic is used using the wet method; building mixtures that are resistant to temperature changes and precipitation are usually used as a finishing coating to protect the insulation.

Basalt wool is more applicable when using frame technology for insulating the surface outside the house; it is placed in the cells of the metal structure of a ventilated facade and sealed with a vapor barrier membrane. The outer cladding of the frame can be made of plastic panels, profiled sheets, wood and other materials.

For large areas of the room, it is realistic to consider existing methods of insulating walls and finishing both the outside and the inside.

Video of how to insulate a panel house from the inside

The following materials are offered for insulating walls from the inside:

mineral wool;
expanded polystyrene;
polyurethane foam;
glass wool;
cork insulation;
penofol;
foam;
fiberboard;
foamed polyurethane.

Many people, especially if the walls of a panel house are insulated from the inside independently, are interested in the possibility of using special fasteners for this. In this capacity on construction market fastenings are offered – “ fungi", which are securely attached to the surface, for example, extruded polystyrene foam.

The following video shows how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the inside:

It’s interesting to learn how to insulate a wall in a panel house from the video:

Note that insulation for thermal insulation interior walls constructions must be characterized by the following characteristics:

long service life;
high level of TB and increased resistance to fire;
low level of heat loss;
preservation of the original form;
environmental safety;
resistance to rodents.

When sold, insulation must have the necessary certificates for compliance with all fire and sanitary safety standards required for compliance.

When choosing methods of finishing from the inside, there is always an urgent question of maintaining the dimensions of the room as much as possible. Therefore, it is better to refuse to use drywall for these purposes and pay attention to the most reliable and narrow material that performs its functions efficiently, maintains the dimensions of the room and does not cause harm to human health.

Insulation under wallpaper, two priority groups:

rolled;
plaster with increased thermal insulation properties.

This issue is well covered in the following video:

Conclusions

Each of the ways to insulate walls in a panel house from the outside and inside is quite good if you follow the recommendations regarding the use of a particular material.

Besides, if you are not a specialist, it is better to work of this type turn to specialized companies that have licenses, sufficient practical experience and highly professional specialists. They are the ones who are able to carry out the entire sequence of technological operations quickly and efficiently; in addition, warranty obligations upon completion of the work will not be superfluous, and will be a guarantee of quality and reliability.

Insulation of an apartment from the inside most often becomes necessary in houses with panel walls, since they are not thick enough, they quickly cool down, the heating system cannot fully cope with its tasks, and the temperature in the rooms drops. How to insulate a wall inside an apartment, and what methods and materials to use - this question faces the majority of homeowners in concrete high-rise buildings. The outer walls in such houses become cold especially quickly, and often due to temperature changes they begin to become damp and covered with mold.

Sometimes, when there is such a possibility, the walls are thermally insulated from the outside, since this — more effective way heat preservation. However, this option is very expensive due to the complexity of its implementation, and it is impossible to carry out such measures independently, without the use of special equipment, if the apartment is located above the first or second floor. Therefore, a decision is made to insulate the walls from the inside, to the detriment of the total usable area. But, be that as it may, a warm apartment with a slightly smaller area is better than large, cold rooms. Interior work can easily be done with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists. The main thing is to choose the right material and have the right tools.

If the apartment has equipment installed autonomous heating, then insulating walls will help save energy resources, which are very expensive today.

Disadvantages of internal insulation

Compared to external thermal insulation of walls, internal insulation of an apartment has its rather significant disadvantages:

An insulated wall does not accumulate or retain heat, and heat losses range from 8 to 15%.

With internal insulation, the “dew point” may be inside the insulation, which leads to its dampening

The “dew point” for internal thermal insulation is located between the insulation and the wall, sometimes inside the insulation layer. This leads to the formation of condensation and the appearance of mold colonies .
A wall that is improperly insulated from the inside will freeze all the time, and this inevitably causes, over time, irreversible destructive processes in the thickness of the material.

Proper insulation

To prevent condensation from forming under the thermal insulation layer due to temperature changes in winter, and also, as a consequence, to prevent mold spots from appearing on the walls, you must carefully follow all technological recommendations for insulating concrete walls from inside the apartment.

An important element The structure of the thermal insulation “pie” includes high-quality vapor barrier. It should protect the insulation from moisture penetration, which will allow the entire structure to effectively perform its functions for a long time.

What kind of work needs to be done to achieve the goal?

It is necessary to purchase a high-quality vapor barrier film and waterproof tape to seal the seams at the connection of its sheets.
For the insulating layer, you need to choose a material that has low vapor permeability. It is desirable that this indicator be lower than the vapor permeability of the wall material. In this case, moisture evaporation will occur towards the street, and not inside the apartment.
When gluing insulation, its surface is completely coated with glue using spatula-comb, and it is pressed very tightly against the surface of the wall, so that there are not even small cavities left between them.
To avoid the occurrence of excessively high relative humidity indoors, they must be equipped with additional natural or forced ventilation. For example, for this window frames install valves through which air will flow into the room.

Next, you need to accurately calculate required thickness insulation. It will depend on the average daily temperature in a given region in winter time. The thickness of the thermal insulation material should not be less than the parameters obtained during the calculations, otherwise the steam-heat balance will be disrupted.
Before installing the insulation system, the walls must be treated with special primers. They will “cure” the wall, prevent mold colonies from forming on it, and also increase adhesion when gluing thermal insulation.
Installation of insulation can begin only after the wall has completely dried.
The formation of “cold bridges”, which can negate the entire insulation process, should not be allowed. The risk of their occurrence is especially high at the junctions of walls and ceilings.

What insulation materials and how are they used?

Cork is excellent natural material for thermal insulation

Such a thermal insulator is made in the form of slabs or rolls from the bark of a special type of oak - balsa wood. Therefore, this is an environmentally friendly safe insulation, which is very important for interior decoration premises.

Using high quality material, you can solve three problems at once - noise and sound insulation, as well as decorative design walls

An important condition for installation cork covering is the evenness of the wall, so before you start gluing it, you need to carefully prepare the surface. This process is carried out as follows:

The old coating is completely removed from the wall.
Then the entire surface is treated, which will protect the wall from damage by fungus or mold.

The next step is to level the surface.
You can also decorate the walls with drywall, but in this case, the sheet must be completely coated with waterproof glue or polyurethane foam, so that there are no voids left under it. The drywall is pressed firmly against the wall and is additionally secured with anchors or plastic “fungi”.
Can be glued to a dry wall cork material. To do this, use a special glue designed for such purposes.

The positive qualities of the material, in addition to its environmental friendliness, low thermal conductivity and good noise absorption, include:

Easy installation of cork wall coverings, provided you are careful in your work.
Aesthetically attractive respectable appearance.
The surface of the material is always warm and pleasant to the touch.
A variety of release forms, textured patterns and shades.

Cork is not only an excellent thermal insulator. It will give the room a special decorative touch.

Cork insulation is not very thick, so it does not make the area of the room smaller - this quality sets it apart from other thermal insulation materials.

Penofol

Penofol at its core is a roll of foamed polyethylene with a thickness of 2 to 10 mm, on one side of which it is applied, which helps to reflect heat into the room.

Penofol - foamed polyethylene with foil coating

Before installation, the surface is prepared in the same way as for cork.
Penofol can be secured to smooth walls using double-sided construction tape. Under any circumstances, the material is placed with the foil side facing the room. This creates a kind of thermos for effective heat retention.
Stripes penofol laid end to end. They are glued together with special tape, which also has a foil reflective surface, since the entire coating must be airtight.

A sheathing of slats, bars or galvanized metal profiles is installed on top of the penofol fixed to the wall. This frame with a tanet base for installing lining or wall cladding plasterboard sheets. The plasterboard surface can subsequently be covered with plaster, wallpapered, or thoroughly puttied and sanded, and then painted.
It is very important when installing drywall or lining at the top and bottom of the structure to leave a gap that will serve ventilation hole for air circulation to prevent moisture accumulation.

Despite its small thickness, penofol is an excellent heat and sound insulator. It is used as a separate insulation, but it can also be used in combination with other materials. It attracts with its simplicity and speed of installation on walls, floors or ceilings, as well as its long service life.

Video: insulation of internal walls with foil material

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

When choosing a material for insulating a living space from the inside, you must first examine all wall surfaces on which thermal insulation will be installed. If the wall is dry and there are no mold stains on it, then you can begin preparing the surface and purchasing insulation material. Carrying out such work on an unprepared basis is strictly prohibited. Not only will such insulation not give the desired effect, it can thoroughly spoil the apartment atmosphere, making it damp and unhealthy, since spores of many types of mold or mildew are extremely dangerous to people’s health, especially for those suffering from chronic respiratory diseases or a predisposition to allergic reactions .

In general, any of the methods presented in the publication of an apartment from the inside will not require any complex additional equipment, and this one process VP can be done independently.