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How to choose and install a sewer drain?

Today, many people prefer to implement their ideas for organizing a bathroom instead of installing standard shower cabins. In accessories and finishing materials there is no shortage. If you do without a pallet, you can significantly increase usable area and create your own shower stall design. In order for all these advantages to “earn”, you need to know how to install a floor drain. Without the right one, there is nothing to even think about comfortable use of the bathroom.

Proper installation of a drain will help avoid flooding your neighbors and damaging your bathroom renovation.

What types of ladders are there?

The material used can vary, and these products can be metal, aluminum, plastic, cast iron, or a combination of metal and plastic. The shape of the ladders also varies, but the most common are round, square and rectangular. The height of the products varies from 75 to 180 mm depending on the model. They are all similar in design and consist of the following elements:

Front panel (grill). May have different sizes and the shape of the drain holes.
Siphon. Designed to prevent the penetration of odors from sewer system. It can be made in several versions: water seal, dry seal, mechanical seal. The latter is installed on outdoors or in non-residential premises.
Seal.
Elements for sealing (clamping).
Frame.

Structural features of ladders

Horizontal. The most commonly used type, since its installation is possible on any floor, regardless of the number of floors.
Vertical. They have significantly higher throughput, but require special installation conditions.

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What to consider when choosing a ladder?

It is important to choose the right drain, since after installation it will be difficult to dismantle it: you will need to remove flooring and a screed.

Floor drain structure with combined system shutter

The material used is not that important; everyone chooses what they like best. Nowadays, plastic drains are the most popular, since they have the most interesting design, there are different color combinations. You can buy without fear hardware, they are durable and not subject to corrosion.

You need to decide on the size of the ladder. For showers, they are suitable for medium-sized showers with good flow capacity. If a drain is needed in a drainage or other system, then the size is determined based on the expected volume of drainage. An important point is the configuration of the drainage system in the place where the drain will be installed. For example, the design of household sewer systems allows you to connect up to 3 outlets (pipes from a sink, sink, etc.). The direction and diameter of the outlet is very important, this point must be taken into account.

Optimal characteristics

Corner drains have a PURUS Nood mechanical water seal.

throughput of at least 1.2 l/sec;
built-in siphon;
if the house has a plastic sewer pipeline with a cross-section of 110 mm, then the drain must have bushings of the same diameter for vertical drainage or 50 mm for horizontal drainage;
the grid must be designed for load class A;
the design of the ladder must ensure adjustment of its installation depth in accordance with the level of the floor covering;
equipped with seals;
It is advisable to have installation instructions.

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Which drain is better: with a dry or hydraulic seal?

Until recently, manufacturers produced products only with a hydraulic shutter. What is he? This is a tube bent at a certain angle that contains liquid. This is precisely the obstacle that odors coming from the sewer system cannot overcome. Caring for such a shutter is simple: just periodically spill it with water.

What is the disadvantage of this design? The problem is that the shower valve dries out when used infrequently: unpleasant odors begin to cause inconvenience. is also possible for other reasons: design errors, increased room temperature, use of a “warm floor” system.

With the advent of drains equipped with a dry seal on the market, many problems resolved themselves, and these designs became very popular. Such products are also convenient in that they can work either independently or in combination with a water seal.

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How is the shutter at the ladder arranged?

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Membrane

The valve is equipped with a membrane to which a spring is attached. When water is drained, the membrane opens and lets it through, and when the flow ends, it closes the inlet into the waste pipe under the action of a spring.

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Float

On the surface of the water in the water seal tube there is a kind of float, which, as the water flow decreases, falls and blocks the passage hole.

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Pendulum

Its work is based on the principle of gravitational force. Under its influence, the mechanical valve device always strives to take a position in which it blocks the pipe.

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Installation of a sewer drain

Installation of products with dry and water seals is practically no different. The basic rule: the floor should be made in such a way as to ensure the proper level of slope to the drain for unhindered drainage of water into the riser. Therefore, installing a drain funnel often involves raising the floor level or dismantling the existing floor covering.

Basic installation rules:

The material of manufacture is not important, the main thing is that it is moisture resistant.

the facing grid of the ladder must be flush with the surface facing covering gender;
finishing begins with laying tiles from the ladder;
seams between tiles should not exceed 2 mm;
the grout used is moisture resistant;
The floor surface must provide a slope for water drainage.

Materials you will need:

cement;
sand (sifted);
waterproofing membrane;
warmth and soundproofing material(foam is often used);
mastic or adhesive composition for laying tiles;
tiles that provide an anti-slip floor surface (rough).

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Dry shutter – best protection from penetration unpleasant odors from the sewer

One of the most popular devices in drainage systems is the sewer drain ladder. They are intended for receiving and discharging wastewater from horizontal surface floor into the sewer system. These devices are widely used in residential, public and industrial buildings. The design of the ladder must provide the following functions:

drain water quickly and efficiently;
filter wastewater from large contaminants;
prevent the penetration of unpleasant odors into the room.

Advantages and scope of dry drain

Until recently, only ladders with a hydraulic shutter were produced. A water seal is a specially filled water seal that prevents unpleasant odors from the sewer system from entering the room. Such a seal requires periodic updating in the form of a spill of water. The most common problem when operating sewer drains with a hydraulic seal is the drying out of water and the unpleasant odors that the sewer system is rich in easily penetrate into the room, causing inconvenience to people.

Assembly diagram for ladders with straight and oblique outlets

Let's figure out what can cause the water seal to dry out. There are many reasons, and the most important among them are: the drain is used sporadically (for example, it is located in the guest bathroom, in the shower hotel complex or intended for drainage of water in the event of an emergency leak, and not for regular everyday use), heated floors, elevated indoor air temperatures, hot climates, failure of the water seal due to design errors in the sewerage system.

Currently, requirements are becoming more stringent; people need comfortable use of devices, eliminating additional labor costs for servicing devices.

The way out of this situation is to use a ladder equipped with a dry seal, and this solution is becoming increasingly popular.

This device does not allow the appearance of an unpleasant odor in the absence of a water seal and does not require frequent maintenance. A dry seal for sewerage can work either independently or in conjunction with a water seal, when each of them complements each other.

Dry shutter device

The most common devices:

Membrane. Under the pressure of water passing through the drain, the valve opens, and after the water passes, the spring moves the membrane to its original position. Access to unpleasant odors is reliably blocked.
Float It works due to the fact that the float is always on the surface of the water seal, and when the water evaporates, the float ends up at the very bottom and closes the passage.
Pendulum. Under the influence of gravitational forces, the mechanical device constantly strives to occupy a position that blocks the sewer pipe.
Based on the molecular memory properties of the material. Tubes made of elastic material are used, which always tends to return to its original shape.

Dry and combined drains are made of durable materials (mainly a plastic body and a grate made of stainless steel) on modern equipment. Model range these devices expand, you can choose a dry ladder equipped check valve to protect against the entry of wastewater from the sewer system into the room in case of flooding, and also to select models that can be used in unheated rooms under conditions subzero temperatures, as well as heavy-duty, able to remain sealed under significant impact loads.

Main technical parameters

When choosing any sewer drain, including with a dry shutter, you must definitely pay attention to a number of the following important technical points: direction of the outlet and its diameter, throughput and its height. The outlet of the ladders is either located horizontally (straight and oblique outlets are made) or vertically (pointed down). The next parameter that needs to be taken into account is the diameter of the outlet. There are ladders with 50 and 100 mm. In residential construction, drains with a nominal bore of 50 mm are mainly used; they must ensure the removal of wastewater in an amount of at least 0.7 l/s. Drains with a nominal opening of 100 mm are installed in public premises and industrial facilities; they must ensure the removal of wastewater of more than 2.1 l/s. When selecting a sewer drain, great attention should be paid to such a parameter as the height of the drain (in modern models height ranges from 7 to 18 cm). Ladder made from quality materials, has an almost unlimited service life.

Installation of a sewer drain

Installing a dry device is no different from installing a drain with a water seal. It must be remembered that from a high-quality installation, correct connection to the sewer system and the proper selection of the drain depends on its service life, safety of water leakage and aesthetic appearance after finishing. Installation of a drain entails some lifting of the floor in the shower room or other room in which it is necessary to drain waste water from a horizontal floor surface. It is extremely important to create a slope in the floor to direct water towards the drain.

The floor in the room in which the sewer drain is installed must be a system consisting of several layers:

material that provides thermal and sound insulation (for example, polystyrene foam);
concrete screed;
membrane material with waterproofing properties;
a concrete screed that sets the required slope towards the ladder;
ceramic floor tiles with a rough surface and a minimum percentage of water absorption, which is laid on a special adhesive solution.

When implementing installation work When connecting to the sewer, you must remember that the drain grate is installed flush with the floor surface and should not protrude above the tiles located in the immediate vicinity. The tiles are laid starting from the ladder. The thickness of the joints between the tiles should not exceed 2 mm; when sealing the joints, use grout that is resistant to water. After completion of the work, the ladder is securely concreted into the floor.

Opt for a dry sewer drain and you will be able to forget about the musty smell from the sewer, and you will not need to regularly replenish the water seal with water. This device will serve you for many years, perform its functions reliably and delight you with ease of maintenance.

To prevent unpleasant odors from the sewer from entering the premises, special structural elements. The simplest of them is a hydraulic or water seal. However, as practice shows, such a system does not always and not work effectively everywhere. That’s why lately, drains equipped with a dry siphon have become increasingly common. It has the same properties as a water seal, but does not have its disadvantages. Design features dry drain allow it to filter sewage, separate large elements, thereby preventing blockages and accidents. However, the main function is to prevent foul odors from entering the living space from the sewer system.

1 Types
2 How to choose
3 Installation

Species

If you analyze the plumbing equipment market, you can find several types of dry drains:

Membrane valves. Experts consider them to be the simplest in terms of design, but no less reliable. The main element is a spring-loaded membrane, which opens slightly due to the influence of water flow and removes waste. As soon as the water flow stops, the membrane closes and guarantees a tight seal.
Pendulum gates. A similar drain, equipped with a dry siphon, has a valve with one fixation point. When the drain passes by it, the valve deviates from its axis, after which it returns to its original position due to the influence of gravity.
Float valves. Some even manage to make them with my own hands. Essentially, a float ladder is a combination of a dry gate and a hydraulic gate design. It is a drain with a vertical outlet and with a built-in plastic valve. If we are talking about own production, then use balls of the required size.

Float valves work according to the following principle. If there is a sufficient amount of water in the water seal, the ball floats and does not delay the drainage of wastewater. If there are long breaks in use, the water partially evaporates and the ball drops into a special slot. Due to this, the shutter is sealed. After draining, water re-enters the system, and the structure begins to work again as a water seal.

Dry ladders have not yet gained the popularity they deserve due to more high cost compared to standard solutions. Their work is based on the working elements used, which, due to their design, always tend to return to their original position after being displaced under the influence of waste flow.

How to choose

If you decide to purchase a drain equipped with a dry siphon, it is important to pay attention to the conditions under which it will be installed.

First, determine how much sewer will flow through. Ordinary apartment it is enough that the nominal passage of the drain is 50 millimeters, and if it is a public bath or shower, then 100 millimeters.
Height of the device structure. A ladder with a horizontal outlet can be installed in fairly cramped conditions, since its height is about 7-10 centimeters. The vertical type of shutter is more demanding in this regard, since it requires at least 15 centimeters of free space for installation.
Before purchasing a device, make sure that all its elements are in good working order. Ideally, you can test the functionality of the product.
Only having provided for all the technical nuances can you pay attention to external aspects. The ladder grating is made of plastic, metal, with various shapes, and so on. The choice depends directly on your wishes and requirements.

Installation

If you have already encountered the installation of a hydraulic valve, then a drain equipped with a dry siphon will not cause problems during installation. All because fundamental differences No.

Important condition proper installation is to provide high-quality waterproofing for the system. To achieve this, use modern materials isolation. Under certain conditions and needs, sound insulation is also carried out, and the issue of insulation is not ignored.

The device should be installed in such a way that the ladder grating is flush with finishing floor. Due to this, you will not encounter discomfort during operation, and you will not hit it while walking around the room.

As practice shows, a dry principle ladder guarantees trouble-free and reliable operation sewerage systems. It becomes especially relevant when evaporation from the water seal occurs due to infrequent use or other factors causing water drainage.

Of course, it is not recommended to do the installation yourself without the appropriate experience and knowledge. To save energy and your own nerves, it is better to turn to specialists with the necessary qualifications. They will quickly carry out installation, provide truly reliable and effective work systems. You will be able to fully appreciate the advantages of this type of ladder.

The drain HL 310 NPr is used in interior spaces for drainage of wastewater from the floor level. The drain is equipped with a 50 mm water seal (“dry” siphon Primus), which does not allow sewer odors into the room when it dries out. The permissible load on the ladder is a maximum of 300 kg. Throughput - 0.5 l/s. Drain temperature - no more than 85°C (short-term drainage of water with a temperature of up to 100°C is possible, but for the drain volume - 100-200 liters). Outlet - vertical DN 50/ 75/ 110. Weight of the ladder HL 310 NPr - 0.7 kg.

The 310NPr drain has: a polypropylene extension with a 123x123 mm subframe, into which a 115x115 mm stainless steel grid, “dry siphon,” is inserted. The body is made of polyethylene with a “plate” for catching waterproofing.

The price of the ladder HL 310 NPr is 2237 rubles.

Installation features of the HL 310NPr ladder: The height of the ladder extension element is adjustable from 12 to 70 mm (it is cut to the height of the screed). You cannot cut the body! Because this will lead to a decrease bandwidth. If it is necessary to increase the height of the ladder, HL extensions (340 N and 85 N) are used. If the drain is installed in a gap in the waterproofing, then the rubber O-ring is not placed on the extension element. The absence of a ring allows water that gets on the waterproofing to flow freely into the sewer through special channels in the extension element and the drain body. If used as waterproofing sheet material type - bitumen sheet, EPDM or PVC membrane etc., then for a hermetically sealed connection of the waterproofing with the drain body, it is necessary to use a stainless steel flange HL83.0 (for EPDM/PVC membrane) or HL83.H (for bitumen sheet). Flanges are not included in the delivery set and must be ordered separately.

How does the Primus siphon work?