Maple has been used in landscape design for a very long time. This is an unpretentious plant that does not require complex care. A huge variety of varieties allows you to choose the appropriate form for any site. Let's talk about this plant in more detail.

Maple family

Maple (lat. Acer - “sharp”) is a genus of tree and shrub plants, belongs to the family sapindaceae. About 150 species are known, many of which are cultivated and are widely used in landscape gardening. Distributed throughout Europe, Asia and North America.

Maple trees range in size from dense shrubs to powerful trees with different types of crown. The shape and color of the leaves is amazing. The plant can change its color 3 times, in spring, summer and autumn, or it can remain unchanged throughout the entire season. Sometimes the shade even differs on both sides of the leaf blade. Such a beautiful ornamental plant rightfully attracts the interest of landscape architects and amateur gardeners.

We can distinguish the main types that are most often used in the design and landscaping of garden plots.

River maple, or ginnala

River maple, or ginnala (Acer ginnala) is a large shrub that grows up to 6 m in height with an asymmetrical crown. The dark green leaves are three-lobed, the middle part is more elongated in relation to the two lateral ones. In autumn they take on spectacular colors, ranging from bright red to purple. Miniature yellowish flowers have a pleasant aroma. Flowering begins in late spring and lasts 15–20 days.

Growing conditions: It is better to choose a bright place for planting, but the plant can also tolerate partial shade. In the shade the maple loses decorative qualities. Due to its resistance to dust, smoke and gases, it can grow in the city. The ginnala maple grows quickly and does not suffer much after transplantation. Prefers sandy and loamy soils with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction, but tolerates heavy and clayey soils. It tolerates frosts of the Moscow region well and does not freeze. Despite the fact that river maple prefers moist soil, waterlogging is detrimental to it, so it is necessary to ensure high-quality drainage. The ginnala maple requires annual spring pruning.

Great for Japanese and Chinese gardens. River maple looks good both in a group and alone. The plant forms a dense bush and easily tolerates pruning, making it suitable for forming hedges. Often used for landscaping the banks of reservoirs. Borders look interesting - low hedges 0.5 m high. In autumn, maple will create an accent in the garden due to the expressive color of the leaves. Pairs well with snowberry, dogwood, oleaster, lilac, mahonia and barberry. It is also recommended to place the maple tree in front of the composition of coniferous plants.

Green maple

Greenbark maple (Acer tegmentosum), depending on its formation, can be either a shrub or a small tree. It usually grows to a height of 8–10 m and has a wide spherical crown. The plant is decorative with an unusual coloring of the bark: alternating gray-green and white stripes are located on the trunk. The shoots have a dark cherry hue, with noticeable pinkish buds protruding from them. The leaves are wide, bright yellow in autumn. Greenbark maple is an excellent honey plant.

Growing conditions: Despite its love for sunny areas, it easily tolerates shade. Wind, dust, smoke and gas resistant, suitable for landscaping urban spaces. Prefers fertile, moist loams with a high combination of humus and a slightly acidic or neutral reaction environment. Greenbark maple is quite winter-hardy, but can freeze in cold winters. Does not tolerate salty soil and stagnant water in it.

This type of maple looks decorative both in a group of plants and as a tapeworm. When composing a composition, it is better to position the plant in such a way that its spectacular bark remains open.

Red maple

Red maple (Acer rubrum) is a tree that grows up to 15 - 20 m in height, with a massive, spreading crown. Even before the leaves appear, in March-April, whitish-red flowers bloom on the plant; flowering lasts 2 weeks. Then large three- to five-lobed leaves with a red tint appear on the tree, which gradually turn green by summer. In autumn, the top of the leaf blade is orange-red, and the bottom is pinkish-silver.

Growing conditions: red maple loves the sun, but is quite shade-tolerant. Wind, dust, smoke and gas resistant, can be grown in urban environments. Grows best in moist, sandy, sandy or sooty soils clay soils ah with a slightly acidic reaction of the medium and high content humus. It is winter-hardy, tolerates waterlogging of the soil, but does not like alkalization and over-compaction.

Picturesque both in a group and as a tapeworm. In large areas, alleys are created from red maple.

False siebold maple

In our conditions, the pseudosiebold maple (Acer pseudosieboldianum) rarely exceeds 6–8 m in height. It is characterized by an oval multi-stemmed crown and rounded palmate nine-lobed leaves of light green color. In autumn, the crown turns mauve or red.

Growing conditions: loves the sun, but will also tolerate shade. Wind, dust, smoke and gas resistant, suitable for urban landscaping. It is advisable to plant on fertile, humus-rich loams with a slightly acidic or neutral reaction environment. Does not like stagnation of water and salts in the soil. The soil near the tree trunk must be loosened regularly, as the plant does not tolerate overcompaction and dryness. Unfortunately, in the conditions of the Moscow region, maple can freeze slightly, and it especially suffers in severe frosts.

Used as a tapeworm and for landscaping alleys. Decorative leaf varieties look especially good in a group.

Pay attention to these varieties:

Norway maple, or platanolea

Norway maple, or platanoleaved (Acer platanoides) is the most popular and recognizable type of maple; it was brought to Russia by Peter I. At first it was grown in Summer Garden under careful care, since it was believed that it was not winter-hardy enough. Subsequently, it spread throughout the European part of the country, and currently the Norway maple shoots are disposed of as a weed.

This is a large massive tree growing up to 30 m in height with a dense crown. The leaves are five-lobed, up to 18 cm long. Their autumn color depends on how warm or cold, rainy or dry the past summer was. Color varies from yellow to orange, and can sometimes be purple. Very decorative are the small yellow flowers that appear on the plant in April-May, even before the leaves bloom. They pair beautifully with the black bark of the tree.

Growing conditions: grows in any light. Wind, dust, smoke and gas resistant, suitable for living in the city. It grows best on moist, fertile loams with a high humus content and a slightly acidic or neutral reaction environment. Can't stand it excessive humidity, acidity, overconsolidation and increased salinity of the soil. It is quite winter-hardy, but decorative forms can freeze and suffer from frost damage to the trunk. Norway maple tolerates pruning easily. Even mature trees (up to 10-15 years) can tolerate replanting.

Used in group and solo plantings. Compositions consisting of varieties with permanent purple leaf color and varieties that change their color from green to red and vice versa look interesting.

Pay attention to the following varieties:

Globosum is a tree 4–7 m in height with a round or spherical crown, usually cultivated on a trunk. This is one of the most popular varieties.
Golden Globe is similar in shape to Globosum. It has golden foliage in spring and summer. In the sun it can fade to dirty white, so it is recommended to choose shaded places for the plant.
Cleveland is a medium-sized tree up to 15 m in height with a spherical or ovoid crown. Autumn foliage color is yellow-orange.
Columnare is a tree up to 20 m high with an elegant narrow-ovate or columnar crown. Cultivation in multi-stem form is recommended. Olmsted is similar to Columnare.
Crimson Sentry is a small tree up to 10 m high. The bright red-brown color lasts throughout the season.
Deborah is a fast-growing tree up to 20 m high with a regular wide-pyramidal crown. Brown-red foliage turns to dark green in summer in spring.
The Drummondi variety is interesting for its foliage color - green leaves edged with a white stripe.
Emerald Queen is a tree about 15-18 m in height with an oval crown. The leaves are pinkish in spring, green in summer, and light yellow in autumn.
Faassen’s Black is a tree up to 15 m high with a spreading crown. In spring, the foliage is light red, against which yellow flowers are visible; later the color darkens and becomes burgundy. Similar varieties: Crimson King and Royal Red.
Fairview new variety. A tree with a rounded-vertical narrow crown grows up to 15 m in height. Bright red foliage in spring gives way to bronze-green in summer.
Princeton Gold is a large tree, young leaves are bright yellow, later turning greenish with a warm tint.
Summershade – abundantly flowering tree with bronze-colored foliage that later turns pale green.

Ash-leaf maple, or American

Ash-leaf maple, or American (acer negundo) is a fast-growing unpretentious tree 10-12 m in height with a wide-spreading crown and compound leaves, consisting of 3 - 5 leaves. Large decorative inflorescences bloom on the plant before the leaves appear and remain on it for 10 - 15 days.

Growing conditions: Ash-leaf maple is light-loving and tolerates shade. Wind-resistant, but may be susceptible to wind damage. Dust-, smoke- and gas-resistant, easily tolerates urban environments. Not picky about soil. Varietal forms can freeze slightly in our climate. Calmly tolerates waterlogging, alkalization and mild soil salinity.

It is mainly grown in groups; for single planting it is more effective to use shrub forms. A tree planted alone will have a poorly decorative spreading crown. Ash-leaved maple requires strong and regular pruning in the spring, which will rid the plant of shoots that have frozen over the winter and stimulate many new ones. It will help form a dense bush with brighter foliage color.

Pay attention to these varieties:

Conclusion

Be sure to plant a maple tree on your property; its beautiful crown will delight the eye all year round, create a romantic corner with a carved shadow, or decorate the front entrance.

Literature:

http://flower.onego.ru/kustar/acer_g.html
Y. Bazhenov, A. Lysikov, A. Sapelin “Ornamental trees and shrubs”

(Acer Ginnala)

The Ginnala maple is a small deciduous tree or large shrub. It grows quickly, is winter-hardy, light-loving, loses its decorative effect when planted in shaded areas, and tolerates replanting and city conditions well. Gives abundant growth. Prefers fertile soil. Photophilous. Frost-resistant. Withstands haircuts very well. An excellent ornamental plant, suitable for group and single plantings, creating bright hedges, landscaping the banks of reservoirs, and edge plantings. Looks good in combination with snowberry, dogwood, sucker, and against the background of conifers.

(Acer palmatum)

Fan maple is a shrub or small tree with very elegant carved leaves. It grows slowly. Demanding on soil fertility. Photophilous. Demanding on soil and air moisture. In frosty winters, without shelter it can freeze. In terms of brightness and grace of leaves in spring and autumn, it can successfully compete with the most exquisite flowers. Used in group and single plantings in protected corners of squares and parks, near paths.

(Acer palmatum Atropurpureum)

Maple palmate Atropurpureum is a bright large shrub or small tree. The leaves are initially bright red, later turning dark red. Slow growing. With age, it grows faster in width than in height. Demanding on soil fertility. Photophilous. Demanding on soil and air moisture. In frosty winters, without shelter it can freeze. Used in group and single plantings in protected corners of squares and parks, near paths.

(Acer palmatum Bloodgood)

Bloodgood maple is a shrub or small tree of very beautiful shape, up to 3-4 m high. It grows slowly. Requires fertile humus, sufficiently moist soils. Sun-loving, but tolerates partially shaded planting sites. Demanding on moisture. Frost resistance is average. It is advisable to cover for the winter, especially young specimens. Very decorative variety for small gardens and container plantings.

(Acer palmatum Dissectum)

Maple palmate Dissectum is a shrub with filigree, cut leaves. It grows slowly. Requires fertile humus, sufficiently moist soils. Sun-loving, but tolerates partially shaded planting sites. Demanding on moisture. Frost resistance is average. It is advisable to cover it for the winter. Looks great in group and single plantings.

(Acer rubrum)

Red maple is a large deciduous tree with a fast growth rate. It is not picky about soils and does not tolerate stagnant water. Has high frost resistance. Decorative with a thick, strong crown, deeply notched foliage, large acorns, and autumn coloring of the leaves. Excellent in alley plantings, as a tapeworm and in large decorative groups.

(Acer rubrum Red Sunset)

Red Sunset Red Maple is a small, fast-growing tree with a conical, regular crown that becomes more rounded and well-branched with age. Prefers moist soils, but also grows in dry soils; it does not tolerate compacted soils. Photophilous, frost-hardy. Suffering from the heat. This plant is impossible not to notice in the fall; its foliage takes on a fiery color. Used in single and alley plantings.

(Acer pseudoplatanus brilliantissimum)

False sycamore maple Brilliantissimum is a medium-sized tree with a round-conical crown. It has very decorative foliage: golden yellow when emerging, then light yellow with a pinkish tint, and finally dark green in late summer and autumn. Refers to rocks that improve soil. Gives a lot of nectar, a good honey plant. Prefers fertile, moderately moist soil. Does not tolerate salinity. Sun-loving. Young shoots may freeze slightly, but recover quickly. A valuable variety for urban plantings and small gardens.

(Acer platanoides)

Norway maple is the most common species for gardening construction in Russia. Large sizes, beautiful dense crown, slender trunk, very ornamental foliage - the most valuable qualities. It is quite demanding regarding soil fertility and moisture. Shade-tolerant. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture and salinity. Winter-hardy. Used in single and alley plantings, large decorative groups. The colorful autumn outfit of the Norway maple stands out in contrast against the background of conifers.

(Acer platanoides Deborah)

Norway maple Deborah is a medium-sized tree characterized by a dense, rounded crown and bright reddish-purple leaves in the spring that change color to bronze-green in the summer and become yellow-orange or bronze in the fall. Light-loving, but grows well in partial shade. Drought resistant. Does not tolerate stagnant water. Winter-hardy. In harsh winters, young shoots may be damaged. Prefers fertile, well-drained soil. Good resistance to air pollution, so grows well in urban environments. Used for single and group plantings, creating alleys and tree and shrub groups.

(Acer platanoides Drummondii)

Norway maple Drummondi has surprisingly delicate leaves bordered by a white, uneven stripe. Even in the shadows, it illuminates and enlarges the space, making it airy and light. The growth rate is quite fast. Photophilous. Shade-tolerant, but in shady places it loses its decorative effect. Does not tolerate drought. It is winter-hardy, but in severe winters, annual shoots may freeze. Used as a standart, in groups, alleys. Tolerates urban conditions well.

(Acer platanoides Crimson Sentry)

Norway maple Crimson Sentry is a columnar tree with bright purple leaves that can become a true decoration of any garden. It is the most compact of all red Norway maples. It is not picky about the soil, it can grow even on heavy clays, but it prefers fertile, loose, sufficiently moist soil. Light-loving, but can also grow in partial shade. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture and salinity. Frost-resistant. Ideal for creating bright and large spots in tree and shrub compositions.

(Acer platanoides Royal Red)

Norway maple Royal Red is a low deciduous tree with a pyramidal crown. The leaves are large and red. The variety is widely used in landscape compositions. Demanding on soil fertility. Does not tolerate salinity and suffers from soil compaction. Light-loving, but tolerates partial shade. Demanding on soil moisture, does not tolerate drought or stagnant water. It has high frost resistance, but in severe winters, annual shoots may freeze. It is used in single and group plantings, large tree and shrub compositions.

(Acer platanoides Faassens Black)

Norway maple Fassens Black is a large deciduous tree with a spectacular crown. Leaves range from light red to purple-violet. At a young age it grows quickly, but over time growth slows down. Tolerates all fertile soils, from slightly acidic to alkaline, but suffers on too wet marshy peatlands. Light-loving, in the shade the decorative effect of the leaves is lost. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture. Has high frost resistance. It is used in single and group plantings, large tree and shrub compositions.

(Acer campestre Nanum)

Field maple Nanum is a slow-growing tree with a dense spherical crown. Most often grown in standard form. The leaves are rich green, turning yellow in autumn. Does not tolerate stagnant moisture and salinity. Frost-resistant. It is highly resistant to diseases and pests. It tolerates urban conditions well and does not lose leaves even in dry, hot summers. Recommended for urban landscaping, planting on streets, squares, and small gardens.

(Acer saccharinum)

Silver maple is a large tree with graceful carved leaves. Blooms before the leaves bloom. The growth rate is fast. Prefers fertile, well-drained soils. Shade-tolerant, but reaches best development in sunny places. Tolerates short-term soil drought and temporary flooding. Has high winter hardiness. Beautiful crown shape throughout the growing season. Particularly beautiful during the autumn leaf coloring. Used in single and group plantings.

(Acer tataricum)

Tatarian maple is a large shrub or small tree. Grows moderately quickly. Tolerates soil salinity. Drought resistant. Frost-resistant. Tolerates haircuts well. Resistant to urban conditions. Used in single and group plantings, hedges and as undergrowth.

(Acer freemanii Autumn Blaze)

Freeman Maple Autumn Blaze is a hybrid of red and silver maples with an oval crown in orange-red and red tones. Doesn't bloom. The growth rate is fast. Prefers moist and fertile soils, but is generally not demanding. Can withstand temporary flooding and excess moisture. Resistant to urban conditions. Shade-tolerant, frost-resistant. Resistant to diseases and pests. Used in parks, squares, individual gardens as a fast-growing shady tree. Very beautiful during leaf fall with its fiery leaves.

(Acer negundo Flamingo)

Ash-leaved maple Flamingo is a tree or shrub with a wide crown and brittle branches that grows quickly. It tolerates molding and cutting well. Flamingo is a low form with elegant leaves: green, with pinkish-white edges and stripes. Not demanding, prefers well-moistened and drained soils. Photophilous. Not demanding on moisture. Frost-resistant. Used in single plantings, decorative groups, and hedges.

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Landscape design of the site

Landscape design of a site is a real art, which involves a whole group of specialists. Landscape design is distinguished by individuality, because you are unlikely to find two identical plots: each house with its surrounding area and landscape is unique. Therefore, designers and planners create a landscape design that is suitable only for you and where all your dreams are realized. Landscape design is only limited by your imagination. For example, you need to beautifully decorate your terrace for a pleasant pastime. Or maybe you are dreaming about small pond, where a cascade with murmuring water will be built. If the project includes a swimming pool, then a changing cabin is needed, and the ground around the entire perimeter must be covered with safe materials.
Having equipped a fountain, you can listen to the sound of falling water. For some, the presence of bodies of water personal plot is not necessary, then a landscape design specialist can create the appearance of the presence of water using a “dry” stream. Our fantasy landscape designers is limitless, and the photo gallery of our completed projects will help you in determining what your summer cottage should be like. Our company employs creative individuals who are experienced and highly qualified specialists who are ready to fill your garden with life, which will bring the joy of communicating with it for many years.
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Family: Maple (Aceraceae).

Motherland

Maple (Acer) grows in the temperate zone of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. The plant is widespread in Europe, Asia and North America. The genus contains about 150 species.

Form: deciduous tree or shrub.

Description

Maple is a deciduous tree or shrub from 5 to 40 m in height with simple, less often complex, opposite petiolate, usually palmate leaves of a beautiful shape, very decorative in the fall with their varied colors. Evergreen maples are also found (they grow mainly in Central and South Asia and the Mediterranean). Maple flowers are small, green, yellow, orange or red, numerous, collected in inflorescences (brush, shield or umbrella). The maple plant blooms at the end of winter or early spring, before or after the leaves appear. The maple fruit is a lionfish. Almost all types of maples are good honey plants. Maples usually grow quite quickly.

Norway maple, or sycamore maple (A. platanoides). A large, fast-growing tree from 20 to 30 m tall and from 8 to 15 m wide with a dense rounded crown. The bark of young Norway maple trees is smooth, reddish-gray; later, the bark of this type of maple darkens, sometimes becoming almost black; has deep cracks. Norway maple leaves are five-lobed and deep green; in autumn orange-yellow, sometimes red. The flowers of the plant are lemon-yellow, fragrant, bloom before and during the leaf opening. The root system of Norway maple is superficial or deep. Plants tolerate transplantation well. In nature, plants are distributed throughout Europe.

Ash maple, or American maple (A. negundo). An asymmetrical or broadly rounded, fast-growing tree of medium size, 10 to 15 m high and 5 to 10 m wide, often with several trunks. The leaves of the ash maple are odd-pinnate, light green, yellowish-green in autumn. The shoots of American maple are green, with a bluish waxy coating. The root system of the ash-leaved maple is superficial and relatively sensitive. In nature, the plant is found in the central part of North America.

Fan maple, or palm maple (A. palmatum). Slow-growing shrub or small tree from 4 to 6 m tall and from 2 to 5 m wide with a round or umbrella-shaped crown; With age, the fan maple grows in width. Young shoots of plants are green or purple. The leaves of the fan maple are graceful, palmately lobed, bright red in spring, green in summer, purple in autumn. The palm maple flowers are purple, collected in drooping inflorescences, and bloom in June. The fruits of the plant are initially reddish and very decorative. The fan maple root system is superficial and relatively sensitive. Palm maple may suffer from dry air, strong winds and late frosts. Palm maple is not trimmed. In nature, the plant is found in Japan, Korea, Eastern and Central China.

Manchurian maple (A. mandshuricum). A slender tree up to 20 m tall with a high, round, openwork crown. The bark of the Manchurian maple is light gray with fine cracks. The leaves of the plants are graceful, compound, trifoliate; reddish-orange in spring, dark green above and lighter below in summer, bright purple-red in autumn. The flowers of the Manchurian maple are quite large and lemon-yellow. The root system is shallow, the plants tolerate transplantation well. Manchurian maple is moisture-loving. Plants are not pruned. In nature, Manchurian maple is found in the Primorsky Territory, Korea, and Northeast China.

Greenbark maple (A. tegmentosum). Large shrub or tree up to 15 m tall with a wide spherical crown. Greenbark maple has very decorative bark - smooth, green, with white stripes in young plants, gray bark in old ones. Greenbark maple buds are pink. The leaves of the plants are wide, large, three-lobed; golden yellow in autumn. Greenbark maple flowers are large and lemon yellow. Greenbark maple grows relatively quickly; quite demanding on soil moisture and fertility. In nature, it grows in mixed forests on fertile, moist soils in the Primorsky Territory, Northeast China and Korea.

bearded maple (A. barbinerve). A large shrub or small tree from 4 to 10 m tall with a spreading crown and smooth, dark gray bark. Young shoots of bearded maple are green, yellowish or reddish. The leaves of the plants are three- or five-lobed, up to 10 cm long, thin, slightly pubescent on top; the edges are serrated; yellow-orange in autumn. Bearded maple flowers are small, yellowish, and bloom simultaneously with the leaves. In nature, the plant is found in the Primorsky Territory, Northeast China, and North Korea.

Ginnala Maple, or river maple (A. Ginnala). A large shrub from 5 to 8 m tall with a wide tent-shaped crown from 4 to 10 m in diameter and smooth, gray bark. The shoots of the Ginnala maple are reddish or brown; leaves are three-lobed, pubescent below, up to 8 cm in length. The flowers are fragrant, yellowish, collected in dense inflorescences, bloom after the leaves open; fiery red in autumn. The Ginnala maple grows quickly. The fruits of the Ginnala maple are red when ripe, later turning brown. In nature, riverine maple is found along the banks of tributary rivers of the Amur, on the coast of the Sea of Japan and in Northeast China.

(A. rubrum). Tree 10 to 20 m tall and 4 to 7 m wide with a large compact conical crown and dark gray, flaky bark. The leaves of the red maple are three- or five-lobed, bronze in color when blooming, green, shiny in summer, glaucous or whitish underneath; in autumn the leaves are very decorative: the upper side is orange or red-purple, the lower side is pinkish-silver. The flowers are usually red, fragrant, and bloom before the leaves. Red maple grows quickly. Red maple is one of the few maple species that can tolerate excess moisture or even stagnant water. In nature, red maple is found on marshy areas in eastern North America.

Falsebold maple (A. pseudosieboldianum). A small slender tree up to 8 m tall with a dense tent-shaped asymmetrical crown and light gray bark. The leaves of the false siebold maple are very decorative - round, palmate or dissected to half the leaf blade, nine-lobed, red-pink or lilac-red in autumn. The flowers of the false siebold maple are quite large, yellowish-white with very large purple sepals; bloom after the leaves emerge. In nature, it is distributed in Primorye, Northeast China and Korea.

False sycamore maple, or white sycamore (A. pseudoplatanus). A slender tree up to 40 m tall and up to 12 m wide with a dense, beautiful, tent-shaped crown. The bark of the false sycamore maple is light gray, flaking, with cracks. The leaves are three- or five-lobed, coarsely toothed, glaucous or whitish below. The false sycamore maple grows quite quickly and can freeze severely in the conditions of central Russia. In nature, the false sycamore maple grows in the Caucasus, the Carpathians, in the middle, southern and southeastern parts of Western Europe and on the northern coast of Asia Minor.

Small leaf maple (A. mono). Tree up to 15 m tall with a dense, wide-spreading crown and gray bark. The leaves of small-leaved maple are five- or seven-lobed, dense, smooth, matte on top and pubescent below; in autumn bright yellow or red. The flowers of the plants are small, yellowish, with a slight odor. Small-leaved maple tolerates replanting well, is winter-hardy, wind-resistant, and shade-tolerant. Found in nature on Far East, in China and Korea.

Sugar maple, or sugar maple (A. saccharum). A large slender tree from 20 to 25 m tall and up to 15 m wide with a round or ovoid crown and gray bark. The leaves of sugar maple are five-lobed, pointed, sparsely toothed, bronze-green when blooming, light green in summer, whitish below, pale yellow in autumn. The plant blooms until it produces lemon-yellow flowers. Sugar maple, or sugar maple, is durable, frost-resistant, and very shade-tolerant. In nature, plants are found in North America, in the lowlands.

Silver maple (A. saccharinum). A tree up to 40 m tall with a very decorative, openwork, wide crown and slightly drooping branches. The bark of the silver maple is light gray, the young shoots are bright red. The leaves are five-lobed, deeply dissected, glaucous or whitish below, light yellow in autumn. Silver maple flowers are lemon yellow and bloom before leafing. Silver maple is durable, frost-resistant, moisture- and light-loving. It grows naturally in southeastern North America.

Tatarian maple, or black maple (A. tataricum). Large shrub or small tree up to 9 m tall with a broad oval crown. The bark of the Tatarian maple or black maple is smooth, dark gray or almost black; shoots are red or brown. The leaves of the plant are ovate or oblong, serrated or toothed-lobed at the edges; yellow or reddish in autumn. The flowers of the Tatarian maple or black maple are white and fragrant; flowering is long lasting. The fruits of the Tatarian maple are decorative, initially dark red, later brown. The growth rate of the species is average. Tatarian maple is frost-resistant and drought-resistant. Good for cutting. In nature, Tatarian maple or black maple is found in the steppe and forest-steppe zones of the European part of Russia, the Caucasus, the southeastern part of Western Europe, the Balkans, Iran and Turkey.

(A. campestre). A large shrub or tree of medium size from 3 to 15 m in height with a wide-conical or ovoid crown. Field maple leaves are usually five-lobed and bright yellow or orange in the fall. The flowers and fruits of the plant are invisible. The root system of field maple is deep, dense, and insensitive. Plants are wind-resistant and easily adaptable. The plants grow well and are suitable for creating living walls. In nature, field maple is found in deciduous forests of the European part of Russia, Western Europe and Asia Minor.

Yellow maple (A. ukurunduense). A tall shrub or small tree up to 15 m tall with an ovoid crown and yellowish-gray, flaky bark. Yellow maple leaves are five-lobed, ovate, yellowish-green above, glabrous, pubescent below. The flowers of the plants are small, yellow, collected in dense inflorescences. Yellow maple blooms after the leaves bloom. Plants are undemanding to soil conditions and are moisture-loving. In nature, yellow maple is found in mixed forests of Primorye, Sakhalin, Northeast China, and Japan.

Maple black (A. nigrum). Tree up to 40 m tall. In nature, black maple is found in eastern North America, in lowlands or along the banks of streams.

You can also note the heat-loving species of maple, which are not used in landscaping in central Russia, but which are suitable for the south of the country: hornbeam maple(A. carpinifolium), David's maple(A. davidii), paperbark maple, or maple gray(A. griseum), Hyrcanian maple(A. hyrcanum), Georgian maple(A. ibericum), Japanese maple(A. japonicum), light maple(A. laetum), montpelian maple(A. monspessulanum), viburnum maple(A. opalus), pubescent maple(A. pubescens), Stephen's maple(A. stevenii), four-dimensional maple(A. tetramerum), Trautwetter maple(A. trautvetteri), velvety blunt-leaved maple(A. velutinum).

Growing conditions

Maples, as a rule, are shade-tolerant, but develop better in lighted areas. Typically, maples are undemanding to soil conditions and do not tolerate compacted and heavy soils. The type of soil and degree of fertility varies depending on the type of plant. Most maples are demanding on soil and air moisture. Maple is a frost-resistant tree and, as a rule, wind-resistant.

For Norway maple, any garden soils, except the poor, sandy ones.

American maple is best planted in sheltered areas, as older plants can be damaged by strong winds.

Ash maple is undemanding to soils, grows on any relatively fertile substrate, and tolerates temporary waterlogging.

Fan maple prefers slightly acidic, loamy, sandy, humus-rich soils.

Bearded maple is undemanding to soil conditions, frost-resistant and wind-resistant.

Red maple is undemanding to soil conditions and prefers moist soils.

The Ginnala maple prefers sunny areas, tolerates replanting well, can be pruned, and grows on any, not fresh, soil.

False sycamore maple does not tolerate salinity, too dry or waterlogged soils, and is thermophilic.

Tatarian maple is less demanding and tolerates soil salinity.

Sugar maple, or sugar maple, is undemanding to soil conditions (but is sensitive to the presence of lime in the soil).

Field maple does not tolerate waterlogging, too acidic substrates or clay soils; they prefer illuminated areas.

Application

Maple is one of the most beautiful deciduous trees. Plants will always look spectacular in a summer cottage. The maple tree is used both in group and care

Maple is a moisture-loving tree, so it needs to be watered. In hot, dry summers, the watering rate is 15 liters per plant once a week (with normal precipitation, plants are watered once a month). During planting, the maple is fertilized; after planting the plant with peat or soil. Plants are loosened infrequently, during weeding or after watering, to avoid soil compaction, which most maples cannot tolerate. Maples are not pruned (the exception is field maple); Only diseased or dry branches are removed from plants. Sometimes variegated maple varieties develop side branches with green leaves; such branches must be removed to the ground. Maple does not need shelter in winter (species recommended for middle zone); Some maples are not wind-resistant, so they are planted in sheltered areas. In harsh winters, the root collar of young maple seedlings should be covered with spruce branches or dry leaves; the plant crown is restored.

Diseases and pests

Possible maple diseases - coral spotting, brown rot of trunks, powdery mildew. Possible pests include maple whitefly, maple mealybug, maple leaf weevil.

Popular varieties

Norway maple varieties

Ginnala maple varieties

‘Albovariegatum’ has white leaf segments.

'Durand Dwarf'- dwarf form with small leaves. Plant height up to 60 cm. Strongly branched.

‘Pulverulentum’- a variety with white specks on the leaves.

Red maple varieties

'Red Sunset'. Conical tree 10 to 15 m tall with an ovoid or almost rounded crown

'Armstrong'. Columnar tree 10 to 15 m tall and 2 to 4 m wide.

'October Glory'. Conical or rounded tree from 7 to 15 m tall with an openwork crown; With age, growth slows down.

'Scanlon'. Compact conical tree 10 to 15 m tall.

" Trees

Gardens and dachas of the new wave - stylish cottages, with a comfortable area for residents to relax, surrounded by beautiful landscape. A traditional dacha, the main function of which is harvesting, also necessarily includes a recreation area, lovingly decorated by the owners. It is for the spectacular design of a backyard area, a beautiful lawn, a children's playground that you need ornamental plants and trees, which are worth talking about in detail.

In addition to the natural aesthetic function - to give a person enjoyment of the beauty of nature, ornamental trees and shrubs are used by gardeners and designers to solve purely practical problems. Visual expansion too narrow, or too small plot. Decorating outbuildings, strengthening sloping areas and screes. Zoning the site, creating dividing screens between the vegetable garden and the garden area. Protecting the individual space of a small dacha from prying eyes, without erecting a fence.

Popular ornamental trees in the garden and country house

The current trend in gardening is a beautiful, fruit-bearing garden that does not require enormous physical effort to care for and maintain its decorative appearance. The beauty and unpretentiousness of trees is a priority; the practical benefits of plantings fade into the background. This explains the popularity of new forms of fruit and forest trees presented by modern selection:

compact standard trees with a spherical crown;
dwarf forms fruit and forest trees;
weeping forms;
columnar hybrids familiar trees.

An interesting novelty is the use of forest trees to decorate a summer cottage. For example, hornbeam seedlings are sold by nurseries at bargain prices. Hornbeam is great for creating hedges, decorative backdrops and walls.

To create spectacular compositions and edging lawns, trees of different heights are used:

tall (up to 6 m);
medium tall (up to 3 m);
short and dwarf trees(up to 1.5 m).

Tall trees form a backdrop(wall, or focal point), which is complemented by lower trees and shrubs. The undersized ones form the foreground of the composition. Trees can be decorated gravel backfill, located on an open lawn, solo, or combined into relief, multi-tiered groups.

The tallest ones are planted in the background, then the middle ones. low growing trees and bushes are placed in front.

Recognized leader - coniferous trees

Mature plants require virtually no care. Coniferous plants are decorative all year round, including winter period. At the beginning of spring, many species bloom with bright lilac candles, reminiscent Christmas decorations . Then comes the time of active growth, the young shoots are much brighter than last year’s branches. During this period everything coniferous trees look especially elegant.

Spruce grows well in marshy soils, this is especially true for the Moscow region. Pine is drought-resistant, tolerates pruning well, which allows you to vary the height and decorative form. For low hedges and walls, we can recommend yew. Yew holds its shape well and does not require significant pruning.

Tui

Unpretentious thuja can be safely chosen as the main decorative element a garden that will unite plantings with a single plan. Tui different varieties fits perfectly into a composition with low-growing shrubs, variegated and flowering trees.

In the nursery you can choose varieties of pyramidal, ellipsoidal, or spherical shape. A garden wall made of thujas planted in a smooth line looks very interesting. This allows you to create an unusual twist on even a standard summer cottage.

For the middle zone, varieties and hybrids of Western thuja are recommended. Unpretentious variety Brabant is suitable for forming walls and scenes. A single thuja will grow wide; planting a thuja too close (after 0.5 m) will form a wall that is too low. Optimal distance between seedlings of the Brabant variety - 1 m. Interesting variety- Thuja Wagner, which has a rounded shape and is shorter in stature. Thuja loves showering, spraying, sprinkling.

Decorative maples

The most popular is maple Canadian, Sycamore, Norway maple with burgundy foliage. They are a great solo plant on an open lawn and are good in compositions and against the backdrop of hedges.

Norway maple or sycamore burgundy color

Like most plants with brightly colored leaves, ornamental maples prefer full sun. In the shade, the natural color will fade. Maple prefers fertile soil with neutral acidity. Young seedlings should be covered for the winter. Mature plant a frost-resistant variety will no longer require this.

Exotic for lovers

Magnolia

It can be formed as a bush, but a full-fledged tree with a picturesque crown can grow. Blooming magnolia is an exotic sight; most varieties have a delicate, vanilla-like citrus aroma . Magnolia is strewn with large flowers (bud length up to 12-15 cm). The color scheme and shape of the opened flower differs quite radically among different varieties of magnolia.

The whimsicality of magnolia is greatly exaggerated, for successful cultivation It is enough to follow a few rules. When planting magnolia special attention should be given to the root system and the choice of planting site. You need to buy magnolia with a root ball (in a plastic container), preferably in a nursery, or garden center. When planting, try not to injure the roots of the seedling. Magnolia loves bright sun and does not tolerate drafts and winds. Optimal place planting - under the southern wall of the house, any outbuilding. It does not like calcareous soils, so such lands must be acidified with peat. There is no need to care for an adult plant, only minimal sanitary pruning. For growing in gardens in the middle zone, deciduous forms of magnolia and corresponding hybrids are recommended.

Young seedlings, even frost-resistant varieties, should be covered for the winter (mulch the roots and cover the crown with agrofibre).

Sakura

The Japanese relative of the familiar cherry is famous throughout the world for its magical blooms. The growing conditions for sakura and magnolia are identical. Sunny place without drafts; neutral or slightly acidic soil. Like ordinary cherries, sakura will require seasonal spraying against pests, abundant watering, and significant pruning.

It is not necessary to buy sakura; it reproduces well by cuttings. This is much cheaper than buying a seedling. In August, the cuttings are grafted onto a traditional cherry (or sweet cherry) using the budding method (by eye, by bud).

Decorative forms of fruit trees

The familiar apple tree has many decorative subspecies that bloom more profusely simple apple trees. Blooming with scarlet flowers, the Ola apple tree is simply filled with flowers so that the branches are not visible.

Apple tree color Ola

Ornamental varieties are grown using familiar agricultural techniques familiar to gardeners for caring for traditional apple trees. Fruits - small (paradise) apples decorate the garden until late autumn. Yellow, red, purple - look great on branches. They attract birds to the garden modern version a natural solution to your pest problem. Apples of paradise make original jam. Especially interesting are the weeping forms, with variegated and colored leaves.

Decorative shrubs in landscape design

Shrubs in the garden technically perform the natural function of undergrowth. From an aesthetic point of view, shrubs harmoniously complement garden trees And flower beds , performing the role of middle management. This is a large class of diverse plants; let’s focus on especially popular species.

Junipers: type and variety of bushes

Emphasized decorativeness, a wide variety of shapes and varieties, the names of the most common are given below. By releasing phytoncides, junipers significantly purify the air. In sunny weather, a healing aroma hovers near such a plant.. A common advantage of junipers is frost resistance. Bath lovers will benefit from young juniper branches, which are added to bath brooms for aroma.

Variegata

Recognized varieties include juniper Variegata. Flat, with scaly azure needles and contrasting sand tassels at the end. The shrub is shade-tolerant, but in a sunny place the decorative tassels of Variegata will be brighter. An adult plant on a sufficient area will look like a lush flower bed.

Cossack

Unpretentious plant smoky in color, prefers light soils, looks great in a composition with variegated hostas, regular and tree peonies. Loves loosening and sprinkling of branches. When transplanting, the hole should be 2 times larger than the root ball. Junipers do not resist pruning, although they do not require obligatory pruning.

Between the bushes of the Cossack juniper there should be at least 1 - 1.5 meters. In adulthood, it is a spreading, lush bush.

Rock Sky Rocket

Tall blue juniper - Rocky Sky Rocket. In diameter up to 1 meter, in height up to 7 meters. It looks like a slender tree, vaguely reminiscent of a cypress.

Glauka

Low juniper Glauka (up to 30 cm), can grow up to 3 meters wide. Powerful root system This plant allows you to strengthen the slopes if necessary. This suitable plant for the first plan of a garden composition.

Mint Julit

The fastest growing medium juniper is Mint Julit, reaching 3.5 m in width, up to 1.5 m in height.. Blue Carpet is an active aggressor and occupies a vast space. It responds to pruning with increased growth. This must be taken into account when planting, and can be used for your own purposes.

Barberry - adding bright accents

Interesting bush shape, delicate branches, bright foliage, inherent different varieties, allows barberry to lead among colored shrubs. Blooms actively in spring. The crown is purple, red, lilac, light green in the summer, incredibly transformed in the fall. This is a real carnival of colors, from lemon to wine-colored foliage, scarlet clusters of fruits. Barberry berries are an excellent seasoning for pilaf and meat dishes.

Barberry looks great in single and group plantings. Front garden, alpine slide, edging of glades - all these compositions will be successfully complemented by barberry of your favorite variety and color. Barberries of different heights (from 30 cm to 1.5 m) can be interestingly displayed in a prefabricated mixborder. Thunberg's barberry is good in combination with coniferous plants. The low-growing cushion-shaped barberry Green Carpet is used for rocky compositions in the Japanese style.

Grows well in an open, sunny place, not picky about soil. Does not tolerate stagnation of ground inputs When planting, barberry should be provided with a high-quality drainage cushion.

Low-growing shrub (up to 80 cm) in looks very exotic, blooms profusely with orange-red flowers. In summer and autumn it is decorated with fruits resembling apples of paradise. Used for flower beds and rose gardens.

Japanese quince grows well on light sandy loam soils and loves well-lit places. The housewife makes excellent jam from the fruits.

Viburnum red

A familiar shrub that never ceases to delight with its beauty and healthy berries. Viburnum is very good in bloom, in the fall it turns purple - yellow, red bunches of berries glow in the sun.

Kalina loves shady places, the bush can grow quite extensively. This property of viburnum can be successfully used to decorate outbuildings and blank walls of barns. Loves good watering, the soil for planting is mixed with humus (1×1). The ground under the viburnum bush should be mulched with tree bark, this will help the moisture-loving plant to develop.

It grows wild in central and southern Europe, in North Africa, in the European part of Russia, mainly in its middle part and in Asia Minor. Rarely found in the west and north of Russia. Viburnum can be found in Central and Western Siberia, as well as in the eastern and northern regions of Kazakhstan. Viburnum viburnum does not grow in Central Asia and in the Far East.

Familiar from its indoor forms, the large-leaved garden hydrangea is a godsend for lovers of bright, active flowering plants. Large inflorescences (12 - 15 cm) bloom in July and remain on the branches until autumn. An adult wisteria bush is not tall (up to 1 m), it can reach two meters in diameter, this must be taken into account when planting. Large inflorescences come in white, greenish, crimson, pink and even blue.

Hydrangea loves well-lit places, but direct sunlight is harmful to it. You will need moist, slightly acidic soil, abundant watering, and fertilizing. When planting, peat, sand, and coniferous forest soil are added to the soil mixture. By feeding hydrangea with iron supplements, amateurs achieve bright blue coloring of hydrangea inflorescences. Tree trunk circle It is advisable to mulch with pine needles and use slightly acidified water for irrigation. Hydrangea should be covered for the winter.

An interesting new product: columnar fruit trees

Compact, productive trees, strewn with fruits of the usual size, have charmed many gardeners. Columns bear fruit in the second year, take up little space, and are easy to care for.. The lifespan of such a tree is up to 15 years, in contrast to the usual longevity ordinary trees fruit and stone fruit crops.

What types of columnar trees are there?

Columnar apple tree - low-growing, dwarf (relative to standard) standard tree . Proven, high-quality varieties - Arbat (red apple of medium ripening), Bolero (winter), Gin (summer variety).

Seedlings of columnar trees of the latest selection are available for sale.: plums, cherry plums, pears, peaches. The main problem is the instability of the variety. Dying of lower branches, changes in the shape of the crown (formation of a “broom”), freezing of growth buds, degeneration of the variety. There is outright fraud by sellers. If you decide to grow colonies, buy adapted seedlings from trusted regional nurseries.

At the moment, only the columnar apple tree can boast a large number of varieties of sustainable selection. Other column-shaped new products can be purchased only at your own peril and risk.

Features of planting and caring for fruit trees

Columns are very convenient for processing and maintenance, organizing drip or spot irrigation. The height of an adult fruit tree is about 1.5 m; it is grown using conventional agricultural techniques, like ordinary fruit and stone fruit trees.. Depending on the variety, seedlings are planted at a distance of 0.4 - 0.7 m from each other. The distance between rows is 2 - 2.5 m. Seasonal pruning, pest control, fertilizing, and loosening of the root circle will be required.

After planting a one-year-old seedling, the plant will show its variety in the first year. To do this, leave 2-3 flower ovaries on the tree; it is better to remove the remaining flowers in the first year. The seedling needs strength to adapt to a new place and form a healthy root system.

Selection does not stand still; popular varieties are constantly being improved. Should I experiment with original new products, or choosing an ornamental variety that has been proven over the years is a constant temptation for the gardener. Based on your taste preferences, you can choose original decoration for your favorite garden.