Self-drilling of a water well on the site. Water drilling technology

Having your own dacha (garden) plot is the dream of many. Here you can have a great time with your family and friends. How nice it is to enjoy fruits and vegetables that have been grown with my own hands. They planted it themselves, took care of it and watered it themselves - there is something to be proud of. However, not every such site has all the necessary communications. Undoubtedly, having a garden is simply impossible without a water supply. It is the owner of the dacha area who first has to establish the water supply system.

Naturally, the presence of a water supply in the nearby area greatly simplifies the task. But this is not possible in all cases. The only way out of this difficult situation will be to extract water naturally (from the ground). There is an opinion that holding such an event may require considerable financial investments. However, in reality everything turns out completely differently. Making a well with your own hands without equipment turns out to be quite a feasible task, and we want to convince you of this.

So how to drill a well with your own hands? Let's figure out what technology is involved here.

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Of course you saw perfect lawn in the cinema, on the alley, and perhaps on the neighbor’s lawn. Those who have ever tried to grow a green area on their site will no doubt say that it is a huge amount of work. The lawn requires careful planting, care, fertilization, and watering. However, only inexperienced gardeners think this way; professionals have long known about innovative tool - liquid lawn AquaGrazz.

Today there are many ways to drill a well with your own hands to get water supply at your dacha.

The method of drilling - the type of well directly depends on how many meters deep into the earth the water layer goes. As a rule, there are three main ranges:

up to 12 meters;
12-50 meters;
50-200 meters.

If the water layer is located almost on the surface, that is, no deeper than 12 meters, then in this case we will talk about an Abyssinian well. Another name is “needle well”.

Important! Often the layer of clean water is covered with contaminants. They are the first to be encountered during drilling. It is worth remembering that such water is not suitable for consumption.

A properly drilled water well with your own hands should be drawn through contaminated water to a clean aquifer that is suitable for consumption. Drilling an Abyssinian well yourself is not that difficult. The main thing here is to adhere to the following algorithm:

The diameter of the well in question may not exceed 40 millimeters, which is why the work process can be carried out using a conventional garden drill. You should drill into the ground until you notice the formation of a liquid consistency. This will serve as a sign that you are close enough to your goal.
After this, a pipe with a pointed tip is placed into the resulting well under water with your own hands. The diameter of the pipe is on average 2-3 centimeters. A filter must be installed in front of the tip. It is produced independently by welding a medium-sized mesh onto pre-prepared holes. Water is poured from above.
Next, the pipe is pushed into the ground. Essentially, it resembles a large needle.
It is worth lowering the improvised “needle” until the water poured into it drops sharply. The well will be completely ready for use when it is washed with copious amounts of water.

In this case, using a surface type pump would be inappropriate. If the water is at a depth of more than 8 meters, then you can resort to the method of creating a conventional well. However, then you will have to get water using buckets.

There is another way - this is to create a borehole that will have a larger diameter. It is worth installing a casing pipe in it, which involves installing a submersible pump.

Important! The Abyssinian well is capable of producing 1-1.5 cubic meters of water per hour.

A layer of water at a depth of 50-200 meters is formed using limestone. The well drilled here will be called “artesian”. The type of well in question has its positive properties:

the water amazes with its crystal purity;
water productivity can reach up to 10 cubic meters per hour;
The period of well operation can reach up to 50 years.

One could consider an artesian well to be ideal, but there are still some shortcomings. These include the difficulty of drilling. The work process is carried out exclusively by a team of professionals in this field. You simply cannot do without specialized equipment. In addition, the option under consideration requires serious financial investments.

Naturally, drilling such a well on our own will be absolutely impossible. However, completely exclude possible option still not worth it. The cost of drilling the proposed well is quickly recouped by supplying water to a large area. That is why many owners of dacha (garden) plots join forces in water extraction. The result of this will be excellent quality water on site at a very reasonable price.

A depth of 12-50 meters is characterized by an abundance of sand. The water condition at this depth is clean. But you won’t be able to get it with an ordinary shovel with a sharp pipe. Still, you shouldn’t despair, because building such a well is a completely feasible task. Here specialized equipment will serve as an assistant. In addition, you can “pull up” your knowledge by studying the principle by which water wells are drilled with your own hands. Drilling “sand” wells is worth considering in more detail.

Before starting work related to drilling a well with your own hands, you should decide what type of drilling rig you will use. Today the following are in demand:

Shock-rope

The design contains a heavy load (cartridge) complete with specialized tool(bailer). These two elements are suspended from the frame on a strong cable. The average weight of a cartridge is eighty kilograms. Strong teeth, which have a triangular shape, must be installed on its lower part. They are attached using welding machine. The operating principle is based on lifting and dropping the cartridge onto the ground. This loosens the soil. Next, the “broken” soil should be removed using a bailer.

Before starting the work process, you should make a small well. The right drill will do the job perfectly. It is important to know that raising and lowering the chuck can be done manually. Experts recommend giving preference to a rotary motor. As for the quality of the soil, it should be light. Less commonly, this method can be used on a clay surface.

Auger

The design that will be used for this type of drilling can be compared in terms of external characteristics with a standard drill that is used for gardening work. The only one, but very important characteristic feature is force power. The screw installation is made using a pipe whose diameter is one hundred millimeters. Screw-shaped parts are attached to it using welding elements.

The diameter of the turns is on average two hundred millimeters. In order to make one turn, you need to use a round sheet. Make a cut on it, bend the edges in opposite directions. As the drill sinks into the ground, its handle (bar) will have to be constantly lengthened and built up.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that after approximately 50-70 centimeters of immersion of the drill into the ground, it will have to be removed. This is due to the fact that soil accumulates on the screws, which significantly complicates the drilling process. A winch attached to a tripod will help you pull out the drill. The tool is brought into working condition using a specialized handle, which is made from a pipe.

Rotary

The type of soil drilling under consideration stands out among others for its complexity. However, today this method is the most universal and effective. The soil is crushed using a crown. It is attached to a pipe, which is regularly extended. The drill bit can be made in various forms.

This directly depends on what type of soil surface the work will take place on. Rotary drilling is carried out using the impact and rotary methods on the ground simultaneously. In addition, the rotary structure is endowed with the function of supplying water and clay solution into the drilled well. This allows the soil to be eroded, which leads to rapid immersion of the tool.

The main thing is to remember that before drilling work begins, you need to correctly determine the location. cesspool, pens with livestock, and other farm lands must be located on long distance from the well. If this cannot be done, then a distance of at least thirty meters must be maintained. It is natural to assume that it is preferable to drill a well as close as possible to a residential building (house). The ideal distance for this would be three meters.

Manual method of water extraction

The work begins with preparing all the required tools. To do this, you should have on hand in advance:

drilling rig;
winch;
barbell;
casing.

The tower should be used in cases where it is planned to drill a well at great depth. The principle of its operation is based on the immersion and lifting of the drill.

When creating a well that will have a shallow depth, the column can be removed manually. Here the use of a tower is not mandatory. It is also not necessary to purchase specialized rods for drilling. You can create an analogue with your own hands. To do this, you just need to connect the pipes using threads and dowels. The rod, which will be located at the very bottom, must be equipped with a drill.

Nozzles cutting type, as a rule, are made using sheets of steel. The thickness of the sheet should not exceed three millimeters. In the process of sharpening the outer part of the nozzle, it is important to remember that the drill mechanism carries out its work in a clockwise direction. This is how the nozzles will enter the ground.

If you cannot do without using a tower, then it should be installed directly above the place where the drilling itself will take place. The tower must be installed above the drilling rod. This is due to the fact that this method significantly simplifies the process of removing the rod from the ground. In order to direct the drill in the right direction, you should dig a small hole in the ground. This can be done using a regular shovel.

The first few turns of immersing the drill into the soil can be completed by one person. However, the deeper the pipe goes, the more force will be required. That is why several people will have to be involved here. If you don’t succeed in getting the drill out the first time, you should first turn it counterclockwise several times. After this you can try again.

As the drill sinks into the ground, its movement may become difficult. To make your work easier, the soil can be softened with water. The lower the drill goes into the ground, the more often it will have to be taken out. This is due to the abundant adhesion of soil to the screw elements of the drill. Accordingly, before the next dive, the drilling structure should be cleaned of contamination.

Before receiving desired result Several cycles of immersion and removal of the structure should be repeated. When the drill is completely immersed in the ground, and its handle stops level with the ground, then another elbow should be added to the tool.

Due to the fact that removing a structure from the ground and cleaning it can take up a significant part of the work process, it is worth using all the capabilities of the tool at the maximum level. That is, to overwhelm and remove as much soil as possible from the hole.

The drilling process must be continued until the tool penetrates the water layer. Determining this will not be difficult, since changes in the consistency of the soil will become immediately noticeable. However, you shouldn't stop there.

The drill must be immersed to the waterproof layer, which is located immediately after the aquifer layer. This is due to the fact that due to such a depth of the well, maximum fluid supply will be ensured. It is important to remember here that the manual method can only reach the first layer - the aquifer. The reason for this is that it is located at a shallow depth, which is approximately 15-20 meters.

In order to get rid of contaminated fluid accumulated during the drilling process (pump it out), you can use hand pump. If possible, it is undoubtedly better to use a specialized submersible pump. After an average of three to four buckets of contaminated liquid have been pumped out, the broken “vein” will begin to release clean water. However, it can often happen that this does not happen. In this case, you should use the drill again, increasing the depth of the well by another two to three meters.

How casing pipes are installed

The already completed well hole should be additionally cased. As a rule, the casing is made from whole asbestos-cement pipes. Less commonly, pieces of asbestos pipes can be used for this. However, working with pieces requires some care. For example, it is worth making sure that the diameter of the segments is absolutely identical to each other. This will allow finished design later, without any obstacles, immerse it in the well.

The distance between the links is strictly not allowed. In addition, you should make sure that they do not slide off each other. That is why it is preferable to connect the butt openings with specialized brackets. They, in turn, must be subsequently covered with strips, which are made from stainless steel.

The casing process is carried out in order to:

in the process of deeper immersion of the drill into the ground, the resulting walls did not crumble;
during the operation of the well, exclude the method of clogging;
cover the upper aquifer-type layers that supply contaminated liquid.

The bottom of the well must be equipped with a pipe on which the filter is installed. It is made of fine mesh, which does not allow grains of sand and other small contaminants to enter the liquid. This results in water filtration. The pipe must be lowered to the required depth, after which it is fixed with a clamp. This is done so that the filter does not sag spontaneously.

If a well in a dacha is installed correctly with your own hands, then the part that is above the surface should be equipped with a caisson. This design is installed specifically to prevent foreign elements from outside.

After a certain period of well operation, you will notice that the pipes will begin to rise slightly above the surface. According to experts, such changes are minor, and therefore do not require specific interventions to deepen them.

What errors can you encounter?

Most often, errors during the drilling process can occur due to the fact that drillers who do not have specialized education have too little or no experience in carrying out work. So, among the most common mistakes are the following:

The penetration of the drill occurs to too great a depth, which can lead to the casing pipe blocking the layer of water. The solution to this problem is to slightly raise the pipe to ensure water supply. If this does not help, then you can replace it with a shorter length. Old pipe in this case it must be deleted.
The casing pipe was too short and therefore did not go down to the required depth. This may lead to bottom part the soil will collapse, which means the water supply will sharply decrease. To cope with this problem, the soil should be cleaned and the pipe lowered to the proper distance.
The pump was installed incorrectly, resulting in sand getting into the well. Here you should remove the pump and thoroughly clean the well from sand. Next should follow correct installation pump

In order to determine whether the pump is working correctly or not, it is worth lowering it in working condition until grains of sand begin to flow into the water. As soon as this happens, the instrument should be raised to that level until the sand-contaminated water begins to be purified. According to experts, correct location The pump structure should be located at a two-meter distance from the bottom of the well.

Everyone knows the benefits autonomous water supply in private homes, however, many refuse such options due to their high cost. A do-it-yourself water well can be made using several technologies, but before starting the work process, we suggest you understand the types of sources and determine which of them will fit ideally into your conditions and depend on financial and other possibilities.

All sources for autonomous water supply are considered economical, since they do not require waste during use, however, if you do not install it yourself, you will have to pay a lot of money for the creation of sources by qualified labor.

Drilling water wells with your own hands is not a simple process, so first let’s look at existing types well structures.

Artesian well - perfect solution for a stable and harmless water supply at home. The depth of such an installation can reach up to 200 meters, depending on its purpose. To use water on the farm, 50 meters is enough. The advantages of such a source are that there is no need to further purify the water, and the water does not contain a large amount of iron.
Abyssinian needle well - used in difficult soil conditions or when there is no need for perfectly clean water. If you use this option as the main source of water supply to your home, additional filtration is required.
Sand well. Its depth reaches 30 meters, drilling occurs using an auger method. Typically, such water supply is carried out for summer cottages, but even for such cases, it is recommended to install a filter at a depth where coarse sand is found. This will save the well from damage.

Important! Before making a well, you should decide which drilling rig will perform this process. Rotary, auger and shock-rope equipment are usually used.

How to drill a well with your own hands: stages of work

Work on the production of wells for home water supply are divided into several main stages:

Attention! A filter pipe must be placed at the bottom of the well, it must be equipped with metal mesh to trap foreign particles.

To swing the source, you need to install a centrifugal pump, having previously placed its pipe to the entire depth of the well. It is advisable to build a stand for the pump, and connect an outlet pipe on its reverse side, which will power the entire house;
Next, we prepare trenches for the pipelines; when everything is done, we lay them at the same level so as not to create a pressure failure. At the end, we bring pipes into the house, and from there we make branching structures into the necessary rooms. At this stage, installing a well and providing water supply to the house with your own hands is considered complete.

Please note, only when proper arrangement, taking into account all the characteristics, the autonomous source will provide good clean water for use.

Types of water well drilling

Of all the options used for drilling wells in the private sector, there are combined drilling, support drilling, hydraulic drilling, core drilling, shot drilling and rotary drilling. Each of the proposed types has its own characteristics and is used for specific conditions.

Combined drilling

This method involves using various suitable techniques alternately or in combination. This method is considered more rational as it is suitable for various geological conditions. Often combined drilling is used in places where the ground is rich in minerals and minerals.

Core drilling

Often this type of drilling is used to study the geological structure of the earth's layers. By creating wells using support technology, it is possible to achieve good result and durability of the water source in difficult soil conditions.

This technique involves drilling a source using the maximum pressure of a special fluid. This method is most often used by professional drillers. However, it is not always possible to guess whether it will fit this method for specific conditions. To avoid complications, it is important to prepare more liquid in advance, as some layers of soil absorb water too quickly.

Core drilling type

It is a rotational technique. When creating a well by rotation, the soil rocks do not lose their structure and do not crumble during the operation of the source. Well of this type constructed simultaneously with special drilling rigs. Such wells are often used for mining.

Shot drilling

It is rotary drilling using shot. Typically, such a device is used in difficult soil conditions. To clean the well from foreign material, a special cleaning fluid is used.

Rotary method

The drilling option is designed for wells industrial purposes. For home use they are used quite rarely in cases where the use of other types is unacceptable.

Choosing a season to install a water well

A lot depends on the choice of the season when it is best to install a well, and first of all the cost of the procedure, of course, if you do not practice independent arrangement autonomous source of water supply. Each time of year has its own advantages of installing a well:

Attention! At each time, you can choose a suitable period for installing a water supply source, depending on weather conditions.

How to clean a well without involving a professional?

Sooner or later, any well, even a well-made one, requires cleaning, since pipelines often become silted and corrode. Today, there are three techniques that are used to clean up the source without the help of specialists or the person working on this project. For home wells, compression, pumping and chemical cleaning are used.

The first cleaning option is carried out on initial stage, immediately after the well depth is finally prepared for further installation. This will require special pipe smaller diameter than the pipe in the well. It is lowered into the well, a vacuum tip is put on top, to which the compressor hose is connected. The structure is securely fixed, and only then the compression pump is connected to the network. All dirty water should come out of the well along the gap between the two pipes. If this approach does not produce results, we resort to the next method.

The pumping method is considered very neat. For this purpose, submersible pumps of sufficient power are used. Ideally, such a device is designed to pump out contaminated water and at the same time sucks in sand and foreign particles up to 5 mm in diameter.

Important! Using the pumping option for cleaning wells, you will achieve maximum well cleaning by removing silt, dirt and crumbling soil particles.

The chemical method involves purifying sources by treating water with battery fluid. To do this, it is enough to pour it directly into the wellhead. However, it is worth noting that it will not be possible to use water from the source for domestic purposes for a sufficiently long period, and before using it, it is imperative to carry out an examination and prove safe composition water.

Common mistakes and tips for correcting them when installing a water well

Unfortunately, all professionals sometimes make mistakes, and when drilling wells they can lead to consequences, including source failure.

Try not to trust the construction of an autonomous water supply to beginners, and if self-installation Read all the details in detail.

Country houses increasingly resemble a completely independent system in the field of water supply and sewerage. After all, many happy owners own home want to live comfortably even where there is no centralized systems water supply and wastewater disposal. It’s all the more pleasant to have on the site own source clean drinking water- well.

We are accustomed to the fact that well water means artesian water. But in addition to the artesian well, there is also a sand well and an “Abyssinian well”. Each of these underground water sources is described in more detail below.

This type of drinking spring has been known since ancient times. The depth of the Abyssinian well can be 8-12 m. The Abyssinian well has a very simple design:

Advantages

Such a well can be made inside the house, which will allow it to be used even in winter period. If there are power outages in your area, you can install both an electric and a manual pump.
Despite their small sizes, the Abyssinian well is an excellent source of drinking water for summer cottage. Indeed, due to its simple design, the Abyssinian can be easily reproduced independently in just 10 hours.
The Abyssinian is conventionally called a well. It is not subject to the same influence of high water and surface runoff, so often the water in the well has best performance, rather than a well. Especially in microbiology.
At the same time, in terms of mineral composition, the water in an Abyssinian well often outperforms artesian wells. This applies to inorganic iron and hardness salts.
To develop this well, you do not need to obtain a license or enter it into the register.
If necessary, all components of the Abyssinian can be removed without special effort dismantle and move to another location.
Construction of such a well will cost you less than other types of water wells.

Peculiarities

But before you make an Abyssinian well on your site, you need to take into account a number of features.

The aquifer should not pass below a depth of eight meters. This is due to the fact that the well is very narrow, so water-lifting equipment can only be installed outside.
Even if all installation rules are followed, water in the Abyssinian may undergo a change in composition due to the infiltration of polluting agents through a relatively small soil layer. For this reason, potential contaminants should not be allowed to be located near the well.
It is impossible to drill an Abyssinian well in rocks, since a drill cannot cope with them. The best option The soil is medium- and coarse-grained sand, in which the well is less susceptible to silting.

The aquifer of this well is in the sand layer. They resort to its arrangement in the case when the water layer is more than ten meters deep, maximum 50 m.

This is another source drinking water supply, which can be equipped with your own efforts without significant material costs. The composition of a sand well includes the following elements:

bottom filter;
submersible pump;
casing and at the same time water supply pipe;
head.

A well of this type can produce up to 20 cubic meters of water per day, which can easily meet the needs of a small house.

Peculiarities

But there are a number of nuances in the installation and operation of a sand well that need to be taken into account.

Chemical composition water does not always correspond sanitary standards, therefore, to use it for drinking purposes it is necessary to carry out cleaning.
Maximum term The gerbil's service life is 15 years. It all depends on what soil the filter is in: the coarse fraction provides protection against siltation, extending the operational life of the well.
In addition, the gerbil requires constant use. Therefore, if it is not possible to regularly pump it, it is better to abandon this well.
If your neighbors drilled a similar well at the same depth, then the debit of your water source will decrease significantly.
The well filter needs to be washed annually. Sometimes washing is required every six months.

The wells mentioned above are suitable for houses small area. If you are the lucky owner country house impressive size or for other reasons the gerbil and Abyssinian are not suitable for you, then the only solution may be to drill and equip an artesian well.

It is impossible to drill this source on your own; you need to hire professionals, whose services are not cheap. But since the well’s flow rate is high, you can chip in with your neighbors for the services of drillers.

Artesian water is extracted from a layer located at a depth of 0.1 km or more. It is not subject to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms, petroleum products, copper, zinc and has a low organic matter content.

But at the same time, artesian water is often characterized by excesses in hardness and the content of unoxidized inorganic iron and manganese. The water may also have a characteristic odor associated with the presence of hydrogen sulfide in the water. In this regard, artesian water often needs to be subjected to additional purification.

Another significant disadvantage of the artesian is the need to obtain a license to drill and use a well, as well as strict adherence to sanitary protection belts. The radius standards for the latter are unlikely to allow constructing a well in a small area.

That's why the best option is drilling one well to service several houses.

DIY Abyssinian and gerbil

Abyssinian well (well manual drilling)
http://d-otshelnik.forum2x2.ru/t186-topic
Abyssinian well (manual drilling well).

Despite its simplicity, the Abyssinian well is very popular among owners country houses. After all, its debit rate is often higher than that of a gerbil, and it is much easier to drill and equip it. But if the aquifer is below the level from which an external pump can lift water, then a sand well can be installed. Let's take a closer look at the installation of these two types of wells.

Plugging an Abyssinian well

Before you start plugging the Abyssinian, which is the name of the process of obtaining this source of water, it is necessary to prepare all the elements of this well. They are sold in finished form, but making them yourself is not particularly difficult.

Step 1. A filter base is made from a meter-long pipe with an inch diameter. To do this, holes in the form of a slot are cut out in the pipe walls over a distance of 80 cm every 20 mm from each other.

Step 2. Wire is wound around the filter pipe and the filter weaving network is pulled. The latter must be secured with clamps every 100 mm.

Step 3. A steel cone is installed at the far end of the filter, the diameter of the base is larger than the diameter of the pipe, and the height is 100 mm. The tip can be ordered from a turner, and the cone can be securely fixed to the filter pipe using tin solder.

The mesh is additionally secured in the same way.

Step 4. For the well body, prepare meter or one and a half meter inch pipes with threads on both ends for connection.

On preparatory stage you can make a headstock - a tool for driving. To do this, take a small piece of pipe with a thick wall, weld a centimeter base to one end of the tube, and handles on the side. The weight of the headstock must be at least 30 kg.

After the preparatory activities, they begin driving.

Step 1. In the location chosen for the well, a pit is dug with an area of 1 square meter and a depth of half a meter.

Step 2. They begin to drill in the pit with a garden drill, the length of which is gradually increased using half-inch pipes, connecting them to each other using couplings and bolts.

Step 3. From the moment the moisture-saturated sand appears, they proceed directly to driving. To do this, the prepared filter is connected using a thread to the first pipe. A coupling with a termination is screwed onto the free end of the pipe, which protects the pipe from impact. They string the grandmother and hit it sharply.

Driving can also be done using a sledgehammer, but in this case there is a higher chance of bending the pipe.

Important! Clogging must be combined with sprinkling the pipe with soil and compacting it.

Step 4. During driving, water is constantly poured into the well and listened to. This is necessary in order not to drill past the water layer. Wiretapping is done like this: every half a meter, turn the well pipe clockwise and listen to what sound is made. Thus, rustling and grinding indicate a horizon of sand of fine and coarse fractions, respectively.

Step 5. As soon as noise appears, add more water and look at how fast it seeps into the ground:

if it’s slow, then deepen it another half meter;
quickly - you need to go deeper by 30 cm.

When the driving is completed, begin installing the pump.

How to make a filter well

The first thing to do before drilling a filter well is to ask your closest neighbors if they have a similar water source. The main thing is to find out from what depth they extract water. If you have to drill more than two dozen meters, you will have to hire a team of professionals or rent special equipment.

If the water layer is located at a shallower depth, you can make do with available tools.

Having chosen a convenient place, away from heaps of garbage, cesspools and other pollutants, dig a hole 150x150x150 cm. It is recommended to reinforce its walls with sheets of wood or metal.

Now you need to build a tripod on which the winch will later be attached. Below are instructions on how to build this structure necessary for lifting the drill.

Step 1. At the ends of three bars with a twenty-centimeter cross-section, holes are cut out for the tube that will connect these tripod supports.

Step 2. The tripod is placed above the drilling site, securing the supports to protect them from sinking into the ground during operation.

Step 3. Attach the winch to the tripod: electric on top, mechanical on the bottom.

Step 4. A drill is attached to the winch.

You can begin drilling, which is a cycle that is repeated until the aquifer is reached, and includes the following actions:

As soon as I started to arrive clean water, you can begin to construct the well, which includes filling the bottom filter, installing casing pipes, pumping equipment, cap and caisson.

Thus, you can drill a well in the sand or an Abyssinian well yourself, using available equipment. If you need a larger water flow, you will have to allocate a significant amount of funds and hire an organization whose activities are related to the drilling of artesian wells.

When choosing drillers, it is better to choose a company that has several drilling rigs and does not offer plastic casing. In addition, this company must have a hydrologist.

Video - Abyssinian well inside the house

Video - Drilling a well in sand. DIY water well

The first thing the owner of a country plot, be it a rural farmstead or just a vegetable garden, should do is ensure water supply. It's good if it was built centralized water supply, but, alas, it is not present in every area. In such a situation, there is only one thing left to do - extract water from underground. Contrary to popular belief, this event is not always extremely expensive, because the technology of drilling a well under water can easily be mastered by a self-taught person who is accustomed to doing everything on his own.

From 12 to 50 m

The middle depths are the kingdom of aquiferous sand. The water here is quite clean, but you won’t be able to get to it with just a shovel or a pointed pipe. Nevertheless, the desire to build a sand well on your own is quite feasible. You will need special equipment and deeper knowledge of the technology of drilling water wells with your own hands. It is sand wells that will be discussed further.

About drilling methods

Before you drill a water well with your own hands, you need to choose the type of drilling rig (there are three of them).

Shock-rope

A heavy load, called a chuck, as well as a special tool - a bailer - are suspended from the frame using a cable. From below, several strong triangular teeth are welded onto the cartridge, which weighs about 80 kg. By lifting it and dropping it, they loosen the soil, which is then removed with a bailer.

Before starting work, you need to make a shallow well using a garden drill. The chuck can be lifted manually, but it is better to use a rotary motor for this.

This method is used when working on light or clayey soil.

Auger

The working body of such an installation is similar to a garden auger, only very powerful. It is made from a 100 mm pipe onto which a couple of turns of a screw with a diameter of 200 mm are welded. To make one turn, a round sheet blank is used with a hole cut in its center with a diameter of just over 100 mm. A cut is made along the radius of the workpiece, then the edges at the site of this cut are moved in two opposite directions, perpendicular to the plane of the workpiece.

As the drill sinks, the rod on which it is attached is increased. Rotate the tool manually using long handle made from pipe. Every 50 - 70 cm the drill will have to be removed, and since as it gets deeper it will have everything more weight, for this you will need to install a tripod with a winch.

Rotary

For all its complexity this option is the most effective and versatile. Soil development is carried out using a drill bit attached to a constantly expanding pipe - a drill rod or column. Drill bits may have different design, the choice of which depends on the type of soil being overcome at the moment.

Rotary drilling combines rotational and impact effects on the rock. In addition, the design of the drill column allows water or clay solution to be pumped into the well, which erode the soil and significantly speed up the advancement of the tool.

Where to drill

Before starting any work, the hydrogeological situation should be clarified. Best Source information – owners of surrounding plots, especially if they already have wells or have once tried to build them.

The second way is how to properly make a water well, or rather, choose a place for it - search for hydrogeological maps your area, which can be stored in design organizations or relevant departments.

If it was not possible to obtain a clear idea of the presence and nature of aquifers, you will have to take the most expensive step - order exploratory drilling. However, before that you can try one of traditional methods , for example, dowsing, which, according to some evidence, can indicate with acceptable accuracy the presence or absence of water underground.

When choosing a place for a well, you should beware of neighborhoods in the form of septic tanks, cesspools, landfills or livestock farms. If they are still nearby, then they should be at a distance of no closer than 30 m. Of course, the well should be located closer to the house. Optimal distance is 3 m.

Equipment

To drill a well on a site with your own hands, you need to prepare the following elements:

Let's start drilling

Let's give general instructions regarding how to equip a well at your dacha with your own hands:

A square excavation is made in the ground with plan dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 m and a depth of 1 to 2 m - the so-called pit. It is necessary to prevent loose surface soil from falling into the well. The inside of the pit is lined with plywood or boards, and on top of it for ease of carrying out installation work The plank flooring is being laid.
After installing the installation, two coaxial holes are cut out in the upper and lower decks of the pit, after which they begin drilling.
The drill rod is rotated using a gear motor or manually. At the same time, a support is placed on the bar, and one of the workers strikes it with a hammer. Alternative option: The drill is winched and dropped in a similar manner to cable percussion drilling. If necessary, water or drilling fluid is supplied to the rod.
In parallel with drilling, a casing pipe with a special shoe installed below is installed into the well. Like the drill rod, it is gradually built up.
After quicksand (soil with high moisture), drilling accelerates (the aquifer has begun), and then slows down again. This means that the waterproof layer has been reached and drilling can be stopped.
A filter column is lowered into the well, after which it begins to be washed with strong water pressure.
Lowers into the well submersible pump, which they begin to pump out water until it becomes absolutely clean

On final stage to equip a well at the dacha with your own hands, all cavities are filled with a sand-crushed stone mixture, and a pipeline is laid in a trench to the house.

Common Mistakes

The lack of experience of self-taught drillers most often manifests itself in the following:

The drill is lowered too deep, causing the casing to cross the aquifer. Solution: lift the casing pipe or insert a new, shorter one into it, after which the previously installed pipe should be removed.
The casing pipe did not reach the required depth, as a result of which the soil below collapsed and the productivity of the well dropped sharply. Solution: remove the soil with a bailer, then immerse the pipe to the required depth.
The pump was installed too low, as a result of which the well became clogged with sand.

In the latter case, you should remove the pump and, having selected the sand with a bailer, install it correctly. The correct position is determined as follows: the operating pump is gradually lowered until sand is found in the pumped water. After this, the pump is raised slightly until the water it supplies becomes clean. (usually the correct position of the pump is 1-2 m from the bottom).

How to drill a well under water with your own hands and with the help of what equipment you can watch in the video.

Providing a site with water is the first task of its owner. The more ambitious the plans for improving your territory, the more acutely the lack of water supply will be felt. Water is needed to perform construction work, for the garden you are planning to create, and for your own daily needs.

If you make a water well with your own hands, your dream of water supply will not only come true, but will also allow you to save significantly. We will tell you the best way to drill and what kind of equipment independent craftsmen will need. Taking into account our advice, you will easily arrange your own water source on the site.

There are several real ways get life-giving moisture, which we will tell you about. There are several technologies that can be used to independently extract water in a suburban area.

Choose suitable option you will have to do it yourself, since it depends on the terrain of the area, as well as the technical equipment, finances and skills that you possess. Let's look at the main well structures.

It is difficult to give preference to any one design: each has its own advantages and disadvantages, so the choice depends on the landscape of the area and the capabilities of the owner of the site

Abyssinian tube well

If there is a spring on your site, then installing a well is an excellent option for extracting water. The shaft of this structure will act as a liquid storage tank. If the source is active enough, up to 2 cubic meters of water will always be at your disposal.

The Abyssinian well is essentially the same well, but narrow and long. Due to the fact that its length can be approximately 8-12 meters, no pollution from the soil surface gets into the water that fills it.

The Abyssinian well is often called a needle well, because the pipe driven into the ground when creating this structure really resembles a needle

With the technology of punching and arranging a needle well, otherwise called Abyssinian well, the following video will introduce you:

Sand well (filter)

The deepening of this structure to 15-30 meters is carried out by any method: auger, shock-rope, core. The walls of the well are formed using a pipe with an average diameter of 100 - 180 mm.

The buried end of the wellbore is equipped with a filter. A stainless steel mesh is used as a filter, which is welded or soldered to the first link of the pipe string before immersing it in coarse sand mixed with pebbles.

So you can schematically imagine the design of a well “on sand”, where number 1 is the casing pipe, number 2 is the statistical water level, and number 3 is the mesh filter

This design can satisfy the water needs of a small country house with two water points. If the operation of the structure is seasonal, it will last about five years. With constant use, you can count on 15 years of water supply.

When the well does silt up, you can try to wash it out. If resuscitation measures do not give the desired effect, a new shaft will have to be drilled. Place it next to the previous one.

Artesian well without filter

This structure does not require a filter. Such a well can reach a depth of 100 meters or more. The water produced using such a structure is contained in limestone cracks. The liquid accumulated in them due to condensation can be not only crystal clear, but also mineralized.

Light mineralization is acceptable for everyday use. If the produced water in its composition belongs to the category mineral waters, then it cannot be used for domestic purposes.

Diagram of an artesian well: 1 - conductor, 2 - statistical water level, 3 - intermediate column, 4 - production column with perforation

It is difficult to determine in advance the depth of the well that will have to be drilled in search of water. You can only roughly get your bearings by talking to your neighbors on the site and asking them what parameters similar structures have on their territories.

The soil layers are uneven, so the information obtained still cannot be considered accurate for your area. For this reason, casing pipes are purchased taking into account the correction of the obtained data.

How is a typical well constructed?

If you don’t focus on the nuances, the essence of installing a water well for a country house is the same: it is a long narrow vertical shaft that reaches the depth of the water. The walls of the mine are reinforced with casing pipes. Wells differ from each other in width, depth and additional devices that increase their productivity and reliability.

In addition to casing, wells are equipped with equipment for forced lifting of liquid and its distribution. To choose correctly pumping equipment and storage capacity, you need to know the characteristics of the well, the most important of which is its depth and flow rate.

The flow rate of a well is an indicator of its productivity: the maximum volume of liquid obtained per unit of time. It is calculated in cubic meters or liters per hour or day.

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Functions of casing pipes

Casing pipes are the main element of the well. The casing is carried out using separate sections, soldered, welded or screwed together. Special attention they should be given equal diameter: the entire structure should create a straight, even column.

If the casing pipes have external threads, the links are connected with couplings, due to which the diameter of the penetration increases.

Casing pipes are needed to:

When drilling the well, the shaft did not collapse;
the barrel did not become clogged during its operation;
the upper aquifers did not penetrate into the structure.

Casing pipes made of steel alloys and polymers (PVC, uPVC, HDPE) are widely used. Cast iron and obsolete asbestos-cement products are used less frequently. The space between the pipe and the ground around the mouth is filled with concrete if the excavation was drilled in loose soils or the aquifer lies at a considerable depth.

Only after this work is completed, all other equipment is installed. Sometimes during the operation of a well, a slight “squeezing” of the pipe to the surface may occur. This is a natural process that does not require any additional measures.

The most popular are metal and plastic casing pipes with threads. The photo shows the installation of a blue plastic casing pipe

Inner pipe with filter

It is lowered into the wellbore, made according to the double casing scheme. Through its perforated first link, filtered water will flow into the head and then be extracted by a pump to the surface.

After the pipe is installed to the desired depth, it is advisable to secure its mouth. For this purpose, a clamp is used to prevent spontaneous subsidence of the pipe.

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Well head device

The upper part of the casing is equipped with. The basic design of this device is the same for any type of head. It consists of a flange, a cover and a rubber ring.

Different types of heads differ from each other in the type of material from which they are made and additional options.

The heads are made from cast iron and plastic. This sealed device. It is used to secure the pump cable and water pipe outlet.

Due to low pressure created with the help of a pipe head, the water inflow increases and, as a result, the well flow rate.

Caisson, adapter, packer

To high humidity did not affect the operation of the instruments associated with the well; a special tank is provided for them -. It is made of either metal or plastic.

Metal caissons, unlike plastic ones, can be repaired; they are better adapted to climates with significant temperature changes. In addition, a metal product can be assembled independently from parts that are sold separately. But plastic models are cheaper and do not rust.

Method #3 – rotary drilling (for rocks)

If the excavation is to be constructed in rocky soils, then a rotary drilling method is used to create it. It is based on the use of a special drill pipe, which resembles a thin glass turned upside down with a roller bit crushing soil along the lower edge.

Communications used in drilling pass through the pipe cavity. The hydraulic installation creates a load on the bit, which makes its way through the rock. The load is supplemented by the mass of the pipe string.

During rotary drilling, the rock is broken up with a bit like this, which can overcome even significant obstacles in its path.

The soil from the well is washed out using drilling fluid fed into the pipe using one of two possible methods:

Direct flush. The solution is pumped into the pipe using a pump, after which it flows out through the annulus along with the rock.
Backwash. The solution enters the pipe by gravity, and is pumped out of the annulus along with the rock by pump.

It is believed that reverse flushing is more effective than direct flushing: with its help, a higher well flow rate is achieved due to the highest quality opening of the aquifer. But to implement this washing method, it is necessary to use expensive equipment, which affects the increase in the cost of work. Direct flushing will cost less than reverse flushing.

Method #4 – percussion-rope drilling

If you want to get a well that will last you up to 50 years, and you have a sufficient supply of time, effort and nerves to implement your plan, then choose the percussion-rope drilling method. It will take a long time to work. You will slowly but surely make your way to your cherished goal.

This impact-rope structure consists of a frame, a bailer and an impact chuck, which is made of a thick-walled pipe and is responsible for the drilling process itself

The process is based on the use of specific. This is a section of thick-walled pipe 1 to 2 m long with a ball or reed valve at the bottom. A “window” is cut out in the upper part of the pipe to remove soil, and the top is equipped with an eye for the torso.

Tied to a cable thrown over a block, the bailer is freely thrown onto the face. Falling down, it loosens the soil and captures it with the valve. The process is repeated several times before removing the bailer from the barrel. The bailer removed from the well is freed from the soil: it is turned over and shaken out through the hole.

This method of breaking through a shaft is considered very labor-intensive, but effective. In addition, water-saturated sands and loose sedimentary rocks can only be removed from a well shock-rope method. When gelatinizing, no drilling fluid is used, so the groundwater that appears in the well cannot be confused with it.

Due to its high labor intensity, this method is more expensive than the rotary method. In addition, if the goal is to go beyond the first aquifer, there will be costs to isolate the mine from the aquifers that are located above.

For this purpose, additional casing pipes are used. In addition to the increase in material consumption, the volume of work performed by specialists is also growing. Therefore, such a structure will not be cheap.

You can get more information on how to drill by reading the article we presented.

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

The video will clearly present the process of drilling a well manually with the installation of casing and a filter in the casing pipe:

Each type of water well has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Now that you have an idea of the type of wells, their design and construction methods, it will be easier for you to make a choice in favor of one design or another, based on the characteristics of your site and your own financial capabilities.

If you have ever drilled a well with your own hands, tell us how difficult or simple the process was. Please write comments in the block below. Ask questions, share your impressions, post pictures related to the topic of the article.