Happy owners of their own land plots, be it a dacha or private house, almost immediately face the problem of competent zoning of the territory. Now there are a lot of landscape design specialists, but our people are closer to planning a garden with their own hands. The house, garden and vegetable garden are their own, and here it is important to initially take into account all the nuances, because remodeling it will be problematic or even impossible.

Common types of planning

Advice: in the vast majority of cases, when designing a standard garden with your own hands, experts adhere to the proportions according to which residential buildings account for 10% of the territory, 15% is taken by the recreation area and outbuildings, 75% is given to plants.

Despite the apparent diversity, the planning of a garden plot can be done in four main ways.

1. The most common is the rectilinear or parallel-perpendicular option. They choose it not because it has any special beauty, but rather because it is easier. Plus, this arrangement is subconsciously associated with order.

Important: parallel-perpendicular forms, in plan landscape design, create the effect of reducing space.
Therefore, in this way, planning a garden plot of 10 acres or more can be carried out.

1. The direct opposite would be the circular arrangement option. Let's say right away that this is a fairly specific method, and it requires certain knowledge in landscape design. An orchard and flower beds can be included in this way, but with a vegetable garden it will be more difficult.
2. The diagonal arrangement can to some extent be called universal. Thus, it can be done as a layout for a garden plot of 15 acres or more. So is the arrangement on the standard six hundred square meters. The diagonal orientation creates visual volume and at the same time makes it possible to easily arrange the location of various zones on the site with your own hands.
3. The fourth option can safely be called creative. There are no specific laws here; as a rule, it is a symbiosis of several types described above. Most often it is used in areas with incorrect configuration and broken perimeter lines.

Advice: before starting to implement your project, you must draw it on paper.
If you have purchased a ready-made site that already has some buildings and plantings that you do not plan to remove, you should mark them first and then proceed from the resulting picture.

Laws of rational distribution

Of course, it is much easier to plan the location of buildings, a garden and a vegetable garden on 10 acres; this is the very critical square area on which such landscape delights as an open pond or a separate children's playground will look appropriate. But owners of smaller plots should not be upset either; with the right approach, you can make a masterpiece out of any territory.

In any project, the house is the main object, attention is paid to it first, so you should start with it. The approach here can be twofold, depending on the overall focus.

If the site is being developed with the aim of growing a good crop and in the future it should become overgrown fruit trees and a rich vegetable garden, then it is better to locate the buildings on the outskirts. Moreover, from the north or north-west side, so as not to block the sun from the plants.

In an area intended exclusively for recreation, with lawns and flower beds, it is more reasonable to locate housing in the center or closer to the front part. In both cases, it is recommended to hide outbuildings in the depths of the territory; if this is not possible, then they should be decorated with shrubs or vineyards.

It is better to place a recreation area with a barbecue and appropriate furniture closer to the house; in small areas it is appropriate to make a covered terrace adjacent to the house; in large areas it is possible to arrange a gazebo. This will make it more convenient to establish the necessary communications. But, undoubtedly, such a zone should be hidden from prying eyes.

If you want to regularly receive good harvests and admire the beauty of your flower beds all season long, then all green spaces should receive as much sunlight. Also great value has a layout diagram orchard and gardening with your own hands, because the price Not correct landing this is the lack of harvest.

Arrangement of an orchard

Let's assume that all the pains of creativity associated with arranging different zones at your dacha or in a private household are already behind you and the time has come to purchase seedlings. The most common mistake young owners make is the desire to plant more and more of everything.

But we should not forget that fertile land is not dimensionless and no more than 7 tall, fruit-bearing trees can fit on one hundred square meters.

With a low or flat planting, you can accommodate up to 15 healthy trees and still have room for a small vineyard and shrubs. In this case, it is much better to plant less than to invest in high-quality seedlings, the price of which can be rather high, and after a couple of seasons to uproot the trees, because they develop poorly and interfere with the growth of neighboring plantings.

Review your list.

Think about whether you really need all the plants you plan to plant.

• Sea buckthorn is certainly useful, but after the first harvest, interest in it drops sharply. Intensive growth, thorns and problematic harvesting will quickly discourage the desire to grow it; it’s easier to buy 1 – 2 jars on the market.
• Cultivated stunted walnut rare, in 80% of cases they will sell you a regular one. Its crown will cover a large area, and its roots can tear out a light strip foundation. It is appropriate in large areas or next to a permanent cottage, creating shade over the barbecue area.
• Hazelnuts will take a quarter of a hundred square meters and will produce a lot of shoots.
• One viburnum is enough; it is better to plant it on the outskirts, near the fence. The plant is unpretentious and tolerates shade well.
• Chokeberry or chokeberry, not for everyone. The fruits are good for blood pressure, but this plant loves the sun.

Any plant reaches for the light, and until it reaches its goal, it will not bear fruit normally. Therefore, by planting a seedling in a deliberately shaded area, you thereby doom yourself to a lack of harvest, and the plant to eternal struggle. In this case, even the best grafted seedlings will not save you.

The size of the shadow is approximately half the height of the tree. An area where there is no sun for half a day or more is considered shaded. But don’t worry, you can place paths, design elements or flower beds in these places.

Important: trees planted near high walls will “shy away” from them and will need to be shaped.
The only exception is the southern direction.

If the goal is big harvest then it is better to form trees with a height of no more than 2 m, in some cases the height can reach up to 4 m. A comfortable distance between trunks should be twice the height of the tree, in other words, there should be at least 4 m between two-meter plants.

Try to place tree lines, vineyard trellises and rows of bushes from north to south. So you get additional opportunity landings between rows tall plants There are also low-growing crops; there will be enough sun for everyone.

A few words about the garden

Ease of movement in the garden is important. The comfortable size of the paths should be at least 40 cm. They should be comfortable not only to walk on, but also to bring in fertilizers or harvest crops.

Based on many years of experience, we can safely say that the parallel-perpendicular arrangement of tracks is inconvenient in this case. You will constantly trip over right angles and curse sharp turns.

The law works in vegetable beds: the shorter the path, the better. Therefore, feel free to combine diagonals, semicircles or any other configurations that are convenient for you.

The width of the beds may vary, but nice garden bed should be raised to a height of about 20 - 30 cm and edged with a border. The internal space is completely filled with fertile, fertilized soil.

Cabbage, root vegetables and some bush legumes like beds at least 1 meter wide. Beds for climbing beans, tall spreading tomatoes, cucumbers or melons can be made 60 cm each.

You should also consider mutual love or hostility of cultures.

• It is recommended to plant rhubarb, sorrel, perennial onions and horseradish separately from the general planting.
• A variety of greens, such as dill, parsley, spinach, rucala and other salad greens, will find their place between the main beds.
• Cabbage does not tolerate proximity to tomatoes, strawberries, onions or potatoes. Onions have a negative attitude towards legumes or turnips. Cucumbers do not need to be combined with tomatoes, rhubarb or carrots.
• If we talk about a favorable combination, then legumes, corn and sorrel get along well with zucchini. Tomatoes love to grow next to parsley, beans, carrots or onions.

Important: do not forget about crop rotation.
Related plants should not be planted in one place for more than 3 years, after which redevelopment should be carried out.
Otherwise, land depletion may occur.

The video in this article reveals some of the secrets of landscape design and DIY garden planning.

Conclusion

The layout of a garden and vegetable garden on 15 acres belongs to the category of layout of large areas. Unlike the miniature 6 acres, there is already room for creative thought to run wild. But we do not advise you to neglect the above recommendations; correcting errors may take a lot of time.

I continue to garden and found another article about gardening from scratch.

How to properly plan a vegetable garden - a competent approach to garden beds. A vegetable garden, like a garden, needs competent planning. Vegetables and herbs planted wherever necessary, without taking them into account individual requirements to lighting, watering, favorable or undesirable neighborhood, grow poorly and bear fruit poorly. That's why it's important to consider all the nuances before buying tomato, cucumber or exotic seeds.

First, you need to decide on the location for the vegetable garden on the site. If the garden plot is still empty, then the sunniest and highest place is reserved for the vegetable garden. It is desirable that the area for the beds be flat, without slopes or terraces. This area will be well heated by the sun, and vegetables will grow and ripen there faster than in the lowlands.

It is important in the winter, at the planning stage, to write a list of plants that you would like to grow on your site. As a rule, the initial version of the list will be very extensive - you will want to plant all possible vegetables and green crops, including exotic ones. However, you will have to decide what you can hold off on and which vegetables you really need to grow. This also takes into account the time and effort required to grow garden crops. Labor-intensive vegetables that require pinching, staking, and frequent watering are planted in quantities that are easy to care for, so that work in the garden does not turn into hard labor.

Before the start of the planting season, fertilizers and products necessary to protect the garden from pests are purchased. Tools (shovels, hoes, rakes, forks, pruners, flat cutters) are also purchased in advance.

Before the planting season, it is important to draw a garden plan on paper - this makes it easier to allocate places for vegetables and herbs, calculate required quantity beds and their position relative to the cardinal points. At the same time, it is important to allocate space for sowing greenery, closer to the paths and to the house - this will significantly save energy and time for collecting it. In addition, you don’t have to wade deep into the plot to pick a few sprigs of dill or parsley for lunch.

It is also important to consider how not to place antagonistic plants nearby that oppress each other. By thinking through the planning of your garden in advance, this can be done without much difficulty. - It is good to save the site plan on next year- then it will be possible to take into account individual characteristics predecessor cultures. For example, cucumbers coexist quite peacefully with legumes, cabbage, garlic and eggplants. But potatoes will be an antagonist for cucumbers, and when planted close together, neither one nor the other vegetable good harvests they won't give it. Tomatoes get along well with asparagus, parsley, basil, as well as carrots and lettuce, but not cabbage or potatoes. The latter crop, in general, stands apart - maybe that’s why this vegetable is planted in certain areas? And thus it is easier to care for him, and no one will be oppressed.

For climbing plants such as beans and peas, trellis supports can be installed. They are located in the direction from north to south.

For early vegetables, it is good to build “high beds” - they are easier to process, and they yield an earlier harvest.

A well-thought-out irrigation system is one of the main structures in the garden. Crops that require irrigation are planted in close proximity to the main irrigation junctions.

Placed next to the garden compost heap. The vegetable garden is the main consumer of fertile soil, and also a constant supplier of raw materials (plant tops, overripe vegetables, plant residues) for the heap in which the compost rots. This location of this object near the ridges significantly saves energy and time.

When setting up a vegetable garden, you also need to take care of the paths. They need mulching (if the path is not covered with garden tiles) with crushed stone, bark - any materials that will not leave the ground bare. This is important for the humidity regime of the garden: the dry soil of the path will draw precious moisture from the soil of the garden, and the beds next to the uncovered path will dry out faster than in the center of the garden. You will have to water them once again, which is not advisable either in terms of water consumption or in terms of saving effort and time.

Setting up a vegetable garden is not just about digging up a garden bed and sowing seeds in it. No wonder they say: nice vegetable garden- this is a smart plan, skillful hands and a little intelligence.

Purchased in the fall summer cottage plot. There is a small vegetable garden on it that has not been used for its intended purpose for a long time. We have tidied it up a bit and want to plant it in the spring. Tell me how to plan a vegetable garden on a small plot?

The sizes of land plots vary. Residents of rural areas are the luckiest in this regard - often up to 20 acres are allocated for plantings alone. But the closer to the city, the less free land there is. Dacha plots are sometimes of the most modest size. It would seem that you can grow on an area of ​​6 acres, including buildings? How to plan a vegetable garden on a small plot in order to get at least a small harvest?

With the right approach, in a limited space you can plant not only parsley and dill, but even potatoes, tomatoes and garden berries. When planning to set up a vegetable garden, you should initially pay attention to the following factors that directly affect the future harvest:

• location of the site and beds;
• soil quality;
• presence of shaded areas.

Site location

Land plots with absolutely flat surface- a rare occurrence. Much more often, many of them have their own disadvantages, which must be taken into account when setting up a vegetable garden. So, if they are in a low-lying area, this can lead to high humidity soil. In this case, you will need to build drainage outlets, and also add soil to the beds from time to time.

If the site is located on a slope, the beds should be made not along it, but across it.

Areas in elevated areas are exposed to winds, so to create a barrier to drafts, they need to be planted with tall plantings (trees, shrubs) around the perimeter.

Soil quality and shady areas

Without human intervention, only nutritious, loose soil bears fruit abundantly. Poor sandy soil requires preliminary application of minerals, and heavy soil requires.

You should not plant crops in places where there is shadow from buildings. But under the trees you can place bulbous plants.

To use it correctly small space, you can use the following “tricky” techniques:

• select low-growing plants for planting;
• take advantage early ripening varieties and plant them in two batches;
• combine crops with different ripening periods in one bed (for example, sow lettuce over potatoes);
• plant climbing crops in hanging planters or near an arch or fence.

Types of beds for a small vegetable garden

To make optimal use of a small area, you can do the following.

Many of our compatriots have their own country plots or dachas. It’s rare that a land owner doesn’t take advantage of the opportunity to grow their own crops to pamper themselves with natural food. However, summer residents are not always happy with the arrangement of plantings on their acres, which affects the convenience of caring for the garden, and, accordingly, the harvest.

Development of a project for a plot and layout of a vegetable garden on 6 acres

The layout of the garden and vegetable garden on a suburban area is just as important as the correct one, so this step on the path to arranging a suburban home must be given special attention. To successfully design a garden and vegetable garden, you need to draw it up on paper.

In addition to the house or dacha structure, it is necessary to place on the plan all the necessary plantings that are planned to be grown.

There should be room here for fruit trees and shrubs, and for vegetables, as well as for decorative flowers. For ease of harvesting and caring for plants land plot It is recommended to divide it into several parts.

The decorative area should be located closest in order to constantly please the owners and decorate the house, and the fruit, berry and vegetable area should be some distance away from the house.

Landscape design option for the site

Planning a garden begins with a choice suitable place near the house. In order for the choice to be made correctly, some existing conditions should be analyzed:

Choosing a place for fruit and berry crops

Confusion when choosing a location for certain shrubs is extremely undesirable and can lead to a poor harvest, so drawing up a plan for the location of fruit and berry plantings will help to avoid this. When drawing up a garden plan for 10-15 acres, you must consider the following:

Location of ornamental plantings on the site

For many summer residents, a country plot is not only a place for growing crops. Most city dwellers go out of town to relax from the everyday hustle and bustle, so a favorable environment is very necessary for them.

In order for recuperation after a hard week of work to be most productive, you should take a responsible approach to the planning of your decorative garden. Let's consider key points, which you need to pay attention to when organizing the site:

Vegetable garden layout

Not a single plot for a country house can do without a vegetable garden.

An original option for arranging a garden in a country house

Particularly hardworking people grow everything that can be accommodated on it, while others only provide themselves with fresh herbs for the summer table. Be that as it may, when planning vegetable beds You can’t do without making a plan. Let's consider the main features of the garden layout:

• Taking into account that most vegetables are light-loving, it is necessary to provide them with sufficient light;
• Particular attention should be paid to watering the beds. To do this, it is necessary to provide a system automatic watering, or simply install containers to collect rainwater;
• It is necessary to think over the location of the plantings in such a way that it is convenient to reach the middle of the bed. The optimal width is 1.2 meters;
• The distance between the beds should be convenient for movement. As a rule, the width of the paths is made at least half a meter;
• In order not to litter the area with cut tops and leaves, you should think about creating a compost pit.

A correctly drawn up scheme for planting vegetables in the garden and a competent plan for placing crops in the country are one of the main components of spring events. When planning landings garden plants at a summer cottage it is very important to take into account crop rotation or the so-called alternation of all cultivated vegetable crops.

Decorative and classic types of beds

Today, in the conditions of home garden vegetable growing Arrangement of several types of classical ridges is practiced:

• vertical structures They allow you to decorate unattractive walls or fences, minimize the contact of plants with the ground, reduce the risk of fungal diseases and reduce the growth of weeds. Disadvantages include the limited volume of soil and the need to use frequent fertilizing and irrigation measures. Among other things, such beds are not suitable for growing perennial crops that can freeze out in winter period;
• deep designs have gained particular popularity in recent years. Such a ridge is a platform standard sizes, represented by soil dug twice with manure or good compost to a depth of a couple of spade bayonets. Such a bed does not require digging for three to five years, and the soil can be loosened, watered, weeded and limed from paths laid along it;

• tall structures convenient from the point of view of processing vegetable crops. During construction, a trench 30-40 cm deep is dug. Branches and paper, as well as plant waste, should be placed in the dug trench, after which layers of fertile soil are filled in and lightly compacted. The edging of a tall structure can be done with either wooden boards, slate or any other available material;
• warm designs a bit like high ridges. A ridge is dug a meter wide and of arbitrary length. A layer of fresh cow dung is placed on the dug surface, after which fertile soil is covered. The surface needs to be shed generously warm water and cover with black polyethylene or non-woven material. Vegetables are planted in specially made slots.

Site planning using the Mittlider method (video)

Decorative ridges can add originality to a personal plot. A striking example – unusual shape or fencing made of beautiful materials. You can draw up a plan for the location of such structures online using special programs. Even amateur vegetable growers with little experience can do this kind of computer drawing up of a plan diagram.

Requirements for beds for vegetable crops

When planning vegetable beds, you need to remember that such structures must be sufficiently dry and level. Also, areas shaded by trees or buildings should not be allocated for garden beds. The right bed should be well warmed up by the sun's rays. Experienced gardeners recommend laying out ridges in plots in the direction from north to south. Good result provides arrangement of beds with low sides that prevent crumbling and help retain moisture during irrigation activities.

In flat areas, it is recommended to break out ridges and arrange them directly across the slope. If there are too large slopes, it is advisable to make special terraces that are strengthened with wooden planks, logs or slate sheets. Such planting areas help protect the soil and grown plants from heavy flood waters or heavy rains.

Currently, they are especially popular the following options for the location of garden beds:

• geometric arrangement of square, rectangular or elongated ridges in parallel and perpendicular directions;
• radial arrangement in spacious areas with planting of garden crops in peculiar rays in a circle;
• angular non-standard location;
• spiral arrangement or rock garden ridges that can decorate any landscape and are optimal for cultivation garden strawberries or other low-growing berries.

The shape of vegetable beds can be completely different. Experienced gardeners prefer to divide their garden or summer cottage plot into fairly even, rectangular or square-shaped ridges. To give the garden an original appearance, beds can be round, oval, triangular or any other shape. In any case, when planning the location of the ridges, it is necessary to be guided not only by desires and personal preferences, but also take into account the features of the relief.

Scheme for planting vegetables in the garden: basic rules

In the process of choosing a place and scheme for growing vegetables on a personal plot It is recommended to adhere to the following rules:

• Growing dill, salad crops and radishes does not have to be done in an ordinary way. Such garden crops are capable of producing a fairly high yield when planted as a compactor for other vegetables. This planting allows you to get an aesthetically pleasing design for your garden and will significantly save space. personal plot;
• beets, radishes, turnips, carrots and other root crops can be planted on the sides of the beds. In this way, it is possible to obtain a beautiful frame for other garden crops without inhibiting their growth and development. In the process of designing a garden plot, the rules of crop rotation must be taken into account, so the same crop cannot be grown in one place for several years in a row;

• as a border design for large-sized beds, it is allowed to plant such climbing plants, like peas, beans or beans. Landing is carried out at north side from the main vegetable crop, which will not allow climbing vines to block solar lighting;
• It is best to allocate separate ridges for pumpkins, squashes and zucchini, which is due to the rapid growth of the plant and its spread throughout almost the entire free space.

It is also very important to maintain the distance between crops in a row and the gap between rows when planting seedlings and sowing.

Mixed plantings: planning beds (video)

Crop rotation in the garden: how to plant vegetables correctly

One of the simplest and most popular solutions for implementing crop rotation in home garden vegetable growing is is based on the division of vegetable garden crops into several main groups:

• leafy group - cabbage, lettuce, green onions, sorrel and spinach;
• the fruit group is represented by tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, zucchini, squash, eggplant and pumpkin;
• a group of root vegetables, represented by radishes, beets, carrots, turnips, potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes;
• a group of legumes represented by beans, beans, lentils,.

Correct alternation of such plants in the garden and garden plot should be done as follows:

• in the first year, fruit crops are grown in the first bed, root crops in the second, legumes in the third, leaf crops in the fourth;
• in the second year, fruit crops are transferred to the fourth bed, root crops to the first, legumes to the second, leaf crops to the third;
• in the third year, the root crops are transferred to the fourth bed and so on.

No less popular is crop rotation depending on the requirements of garden plants for soil fertility:

• high demands are typical for aster, pumpkin and cabbage;
• an average degree of demandingness is typical for nightshades;
• insignificant demands are characteristic of amaranth, amaryllis and umbelliferae;
• Legumes can enrich the soil composition.

Nightshade crops are represented by potatoes, tomatoes, eggplants and bell pepper. The umbrella or celery category includes dill, carrots and parsley. The most popular amaranths are beets and spinach.. The pumpkin family is represented by cucumbers, zucchini, squash, pumpkin, watermelon and melon.

Popular brassicas or cruciferous vegetables include all types of cabbage, radishes and watercress. Soil-enriching legumes include peas and beans, and sunflowers belong to the Asteraceae family.

Crop rotation of vegetable crops (video)

Even in small beds you can get decent yields. Correct and timely planning of plantings and crops, as well as compliance with crop rotation is prerequisite obtaining the highest and highest quality harvest from small-sized household plots and garden plots.