Well or central water supply? Choosing a water supply method. Well or centralized water supply Central water supply or well

To supply water to a private home, you can connect to central networks or install an autonomous source.

Each of these options has limitations in application, positive and negative sides.

Wells are becoming more and more popular, and more and more owners country houses stop at this water supply option.

Connection to central networks is convenient for a number of reasons:

it's easier and cheaper to carry out, although permission is required from the organization supplying water and servicing the network;
water is supplied in unlimited volume, it is usually enough for all wiring points;
independence from electricity supply to the house.

But central water supply is not always available in the private sector. Exit - o development of a local source, which also has some advantages.

Worn-out urban networks affect water quality
The central water supply contains residual chlorine.
Central water treatment plants in some areas cannot cope with water purification.
In case of accidents or scheduled repairs, the water supply is temporarily interrupted.
You will have to pay monthly for water supply.

If autonomous water supply is more attractive, all that remains is to decide what it will be - a well or a well.

Types of wells and their features

There are three types of wells:

Abyssinian well, or needle well, is an inch pipe that tapers into a filter pipe with a sharp tip. The depth of the source is no more than 12 m, and the surface of the water surface should be no deeper than 8 m due to the capabilities of surface water supply equipment (electric or hand pump). Average productivity – 1 m3.
Filter well(well on sand) is drilled at a depth of 15 to 50 in the sand layer. Its productivity is up to 1.5 m 3 /hour. This type of underground source consists of a water supply shaft, which is also a casing pipe, a head, a bottom filter at the lower end of the column, and a deep-well pump.
Artesian well can produce over 2 m 3 /hour of water. The aquifer runs at a depth of more than 100 m and is located between 2 layers of rock, usually limestone. The structure consists of a casing, water supply pipes, a deep-well pump and a head.

Advantages and disadvantages

A well in a private house has pros and cons, which largely depend on the type of source.

But there is also several common benefits:

water security from external influence;
productivity is usually sufficient for full water supply at least a small house.

Among the disadvantages of wells is noise, but the head is often located outside the house in a special caisson. Even if the source is in the basement, the noise is minimal.

Another disadvantage is the need to purchase additional equipment.

Pros and cons of the Abyssinian well

"Abyssinian" is very simply designed. There are other positive aspects:

easy installation and dismantling
possibility of driving in the basement even a ready-made house;
service life – on average 15 years, after its completion, the structure can be dismantled and moved to another location;
low cost arrangement;
performance– about 1 m 3 per hour, this is enough to service a small country house;
if used hand pump, That water supply does not depend on electricity.

Negative characteristics are:

impossibility of construction in rock and when the water layer is deeper than 12 m;
the possibility of contaminants leaking from the surface.

"Gerbil": pros and cons

The productivity of a sand well is usually enough to service a small cottage.

Drilling and installation are carried out quickly. Water usually good quality, but there is probability of external influence, and in some regions the iron content is recorded in the source.

This source also has several negative characteristics:

short service life– up to 15 years;
susceptibility to siltation, especially during downtime;
need for annual flushing bottom filter.

Pros and cons of an artesian well

This source has other advantages.

Free from pathogens and surface contamination.
Long service life.
Consistency of water supply regardless of the season, drought, etc.

But the disadvantages are also quite significant.

Drilling is carried out only by specialists.
To carry out work, you must obtain permission; it is also necessary to license the source and enter it into the register.
High cost of arrangement.
Water is often characterized by high mineralization, which requires the purchase of a water treatment station.

“Artesian” is the most productive source. It may be enough to provide for a group of cottages and an entire village.

The need for maintenance and arrangement of wells is a common disadvantage

A sand well and an “artesian” are technologically advanced sources of water. When installing them, in addition to drilling and installing pipes and a pump, you need to take care of several elements.

To protect the well head and equipment from atmospheric influences need a caisson. This is a sealed container with a bottom hole into which the head fits. Usually the caisson is buried in the ground.
To reduce the number of pump on and off cycles, it is important to install a hydraulic accumulator. This is a container for collecting liquid. It is installed either in the basement of the house or in a caisson.
Pump operation is controlled and protected by automation. Its installation and launch is best left to professionals.

The well itself and the equipment need maintenance.

When debit decreases and sediment appears in the water, the source is cleaned. You can clean the filter well yourself using a vibration pump. An artesian well can be cleaned using various methods, but it is better to leave the procedure to specialists.
Clean the hydraulic accumulator once a year.
Serviced annually deep well pump and automation, which is best left to the specialists who install the equipment.
Check the tightness of joints in the caisson, especially at the point where the head enters the tank.

Advantages and disadvantages of wells

For small country house, which is used only in summer season, more often they equip a well.

The positive properties of such a source are:

simplicity and low cost installation;
possibility of manual water lifting, which is important in case of power failures;
ease of maintenance.

But the source also has disadvantages:

low productivity;
exposure to external pollutants;
the complexity of digging and the need to remove soil.

Features of autonomous water supply systems

Installation and operation of an autonomous home water supply system requires knowledge of several nuances.

When choosing a pump, it is important to take into account not only the flow rate of the well, but also its depth, the distance from the source to the house and the height of the building.
The volume of the hydraulic accumulator depends on the number of water consumers. It is usually calculated that there are 50 liters of water per person.
Before commissioning the source it is important to carry out microbiological and chemical analysis water. If necessary, select water treatment equipment.

Cost of implementation of two types of systems

Fee for connection to the central network depends on the region. The minimum price is 12-15 thousand rubles. Tariffs for water supply also differ.

Turnkey filter well costs about 200 thousand rubles. An artesian well is at least 2 times more expensive.

Well with all materials will cost about 15-25 thousand. About 25 thousand and cost Abyssinian well turnkey.

A well is a more expensive source of water supply and requires special costs. It is better to use it if there is no possibility of connecting to central networks or the water from them is of very low quality.

At the same time, you should not save money by choosing cheap equipment and hiring dubious companies to install it. For drilling, you need to choose a company that operates in your region and has great experience And good reviews. Also, do not neglect performing initial and annual water tests.

Many owners of private houses or cottages are faced with the question of how to optimally organize the water supply at home. As a rule, the choice is between connecting to a central water supply or drilling a well.

Methods of organizing water supply

In places with good developed infrastructure, as a rule, there is a central water supply to which you can connect. But at the same time, concerns often arise about the quality of the water that such a water supply provides. And this question is justified, since in general the existing water supply systems are quite old, with a high degree of wear and tear, and therefore the water quality inevitably suffers and frequent water supply shutdowns are likely due to repair work But, nevertheless, the central water supply significantly simplifies and reduces the cost of water supply to the site.

An alternative to central water supply is an autonomous water supply. Despite the fact that this method of water supply requires quite a serious initial financial investment, it is preferred by the majority of owners of private houses or cottages.

A properly organized autonomous water supply system is characterized by excellent water quality and complete autonomy from central systems.

Features of central water supply

Central water supply guarantees maximum convenience and no need to independently organize water supply for the site and home. One of the most serious obstacles to organizing a central water supply is the initial lack of it at the location of the site. If the infrastructure of the place is well developed, then to connect to the central water supply you need to obtain the necessary permits and call specialists who will make a connection to the central water supply.

At the same time, central water supply has a number of quite significant disadvantages:

using a central water supply requires paying a monthly fee for use, and given the regular increase in prices for water supply, it is worth initially preparing for a constant increase in the cost of water supply to the site;
when connecting to a central water supply, you need to take into account possible interruptions in the water supply due to regular maintenance;
Only recently organized central water supply is characterized by the use modern equipment, but in places with an old central water supply, the wear and tear of the equipment is quite high, which leads to frequent breakdowns and water supply outages;
for the same reason, the quality of water from the central water supply is quite low and often requires the use of an additional filtration system for possible use as drinking water.

What should you pay attention to when choosing a central water supply?

If there is a central water supply, you can choose it to supply water to the site or to private house. In this case, you should pay attention to several rather significant points:

when connecting to a new high-quality central water supply, practically no problems arise, except for organizing the sewerage system, but it is possible that this can also be solved by connecting to centralized system wastewater discharge and treatment;
if the house is used exclusively for warm time years, then care should be taken to turn off and completely drain the water supply system in order to avoid freezing and possible rupture of pipes;
if the water supply is old and not designed for a large number of consumers, then there may be insufficient water pressure, which may cause malfunctions household appliances(dishwasher and washing machine and water heaters) – in this case you will have to install a special pump to create more pressure water;
Old water supply systems are characterized by low water quality, so normal operation household appliances, as well as the possibility of drinking water, filters are installed in the water supply system for water purification.

The procedure for connecting to the central water supply

After deciding to connect to the central water supply, you need to perform certain actions:

Initially, you need to obtain a special site plan, which indicates all existing underground communications;
at the local water utility office, after providing the title documents, you need to obtain the technical conditions for connecting to the central water supply;
a licensed organization develops design and estimate documentation;
after registering the documentation with the SES, the work is coordinated with organizations whose communications are available in the specified area;
After this, a licensed organization can carry out work to connect a central water supply to the site.

The last step is to register the devices with the water utility and conclude an agreement for the supply of water.

Worth paying special attention the fact that carrying out many stages requires contacting specialized licensed organizations, a list of which can be obtained from the water utility department, as well as numerous approvals.

Independent work on diverting the water supply to the site is unacceptable.

Autonomous water supply

Despite the significant convenience that a central water supply provides, even in places where there is a central water supply, an autonomous water supply is often chosen to supply a site or private house with water.

An autonomous water supply system assumes complete independence from the centralized water supply and the ability to independently control and regulate the quality of water in the water supply system. The main disadvantages of the system include the need for significant financial investments in organizing such water supply. Although the monetary costs are one-time and can be shared, for example, with the owner of a neighboring plot who also wants to organize an autonomous water supply.

One of the key stages in organizing an autonomous water supply system is drilling a well or a well and equipping it.

Since an autonomous water supply system may differ depending on the specific conditions and preferences of the owner of the site, it is initially worth consulting with specialists which option will be optimal:

Most economical option organizations autonomous water supply- wells. Compared to drilling a well, they have a lower cost. But they should be chosen only in the case of a relatively small need for water, shallow water occurrence and the presence favorable conditions However, you should be prepared for the fact that the water in the well may be of very questionable quality.
The ancient, but little applicable to modern reality, method of supplying water through a well has been replaced by a more effective method water supply - drilling a water well.
Filter wells can be drilled up to thirty-five meters, which take about two days to drill, but they are subject to siltation quite quickly.
The most optimal way of autonomous water supply is to drill an artesian well, which is drilled to a depth of twenty to two hundred meters depending on individual conditions; drilling them takes about five days, but they are more durable, their minimum service life is fifty years.

Water from a well, due to changes in the environmental situation and numerous communications, currently often no longer meets safety requirements, so many people forgot about the well and began to use the most in modern ways organization of autonomous water supply for a site or private house.

A filter well as an alternative to a central water supply is relatively inexpensive, but also not durable. One of the features is the rather rapid siltation of the well. These wells are usually drilled to a depth of two to ten meters, in the case of shallow underground groundwater and the presence of sand. But, as a rule, at such a depth there is rarely potable water quality, therefore the main purpose of filter wells is technical. IN final version The filter well is constructed from a casing pipe with a mesh filter at the end. The peculiarity of a filter well is that its lifespan directly depends on the frequency of use: the more often the well is used, the longer its service life. The productivity of such a well is approximately a cubic meter of water per hour.

Not wanting to use a central water supply to organize water supply on a site or in a private house, you can drill an artesian well, which, despite its high cost, fully justifies the cost of it.

An artesian well is drilled to a depth of up to two hundred meters, depending on individual characteristics location of underground groundwater. Water from such a well can be used for any household needs and used as drinking water. Unlike a filter well, an artesian well has a significantly higher productivity; it can reach one hundred cubic meters per hour.

Such wells are not subject to silting, and their service life is at least fifty years. To organize an artesian well, special metal pipes large diameter, the wall thickness of which must be at least five millimeters.

Autonomous water supply system on site or in a private house

To organize an autonomous water supply system on the site, you can resort to the services of professionals who will issue the necessary permits, carry out the necessary survey work and carry out the direct installation of the structure. In that case optimal time It will be winter when drilling a well. Since drilling a well involves the use of specialized equipment, then winter time this will be less traumatic for green spaces and especially for the owner’s beds. Among other things, winter is not the season for companies involved in drilling and developing wells, and therefore it is possible to carry out work with significant savings in terms of money.

To organize a water supply, you must first decide on the location for drilling the well itself. The site for organizing the chamber, in which the automation and the well head are located, occupies at least four square meters, but it is optimal to locate it as close as possible to the house in order to save:

you can choose more cheap option pump, since a short length of pipes does not require the same pressure as when increasing it, because in the latter case the pump must not only lift water from the well, but also push it through the water supply system;
materials are significantly saved: not only the pipes themselves, but also backfill, insulation, etc.;
the cost of digging a trench is reduced.

If the need for water is seasonal, then the well can be equipped with a cap, which is designed to seal the well, protect it from melt and rainwater, mechanical impurities, and facilitate the process of attaching the pump.

If the need for water is not limited to any period and is not seasonal, then a well with a caisson is drilled. With this drilling option, the well head is located below the soil freezing level, otherwise damage to expensive equipment during the winter cold cannot be avoided. The caisson helps to protect the well head from the penetration of groundwater and possible drains from the sewerage system located nearby.

There are several nuances when developing an autonomous water supply scheme:

during the development process, it is necessary to provide for possible changes in the water supply in the future, in which case an increase in the length of pipes or the number of consumers will not affect the specified fluctuations in water pressure in the pipes;
To prevent damage to equipment from lightning strikes, it is necessary to carefully ground and lightning protection.

Installing and using additional containers will help protect yourself from possible water shortages and save money by storing it at night.

In areas where infrastructure is well developed, owners of private houses have the opportunity to connect to a central water supply. But even under such circumstances, the question arises regarding the quality of water, since in most cases the water supply systems were laid many years ago, and the pipes already have a high degree of wear, due to which the quality of the water supplied to the house suffers.

An alternative to central water supply is autonomous water supply, which, despite the initial stage, requires significant financial investments from owners of cottages and private houses, remains the most preferable.

Features of central water supply

The presence of a central water supply gives owners of country property a lot of convenience and savings cash When connecting, it is enough to obtain the necessary permits and call a specialist who will insert it into the central water supply.

But for all its advantages, central water supply has a number of significant disadvantages:

Monthly payment for water use with constant price increases.
Interruptions in water supply associated with regular maintenance and repair work.
Outdated water supply systems, which lead to deterioration in water quality and the need to use expensive filters.

Most country property owners prefer autonomous water supply, even if there is a central water supply, since using your own well has a number of undeniable advantages:

Independence from municipal water supply.
No monthly water bills.
High quality water containing healthy minerals.
Uninterrupted operation.
Simplicity and cost-effectiveness in maintenance.

There are several options for organizing autonomous water supply:

Well installation. This is the most economical option for organizing water supply, due to its lower cost. But this will require additional water filtration due to the shallow location of the water. This option is convenient for low water consumption.
Drilling wells to ensure uninterrupted water supply in any volume without loss of pressure. The quality of the water depends on the depth of the well, so filtration may be required.
Drilling an artesian well. This is the most best option, at which you receive high quality water beneficial for humans. Such a well has a minimum service life of 50 years.

Regardless of the chosen method of organizing autonomous water supply on your site, all work must be carried out by specialists who will not only formalize the necessary permits, but will also carry out the work efficiently and reliably using specialized equipment and modern equipment, guaranteeing the uninterrupted operation of all systems for many years.

To conduct water supply in a private house, you can use a well or borehole

There are several ways to supply water to a private or country house. Use a central water supply, a well or a borehole. Comparing the pros and cons of each method will help determine which option is better. In addition, it is possible to arrange a source for several houses.

In private or country house Problems with water supply often arise. Typically, owners equip an autonomous source. As a rule, a well or borehole option is chosen.

A number of criteria are used to compare the pros and cons. First, the difficulty of finding the water layer is taken into account. From this point of view, the construction of a well is very difficult, because it requires thorough drilling. And for a well, due to its shallow depth, the procedure will not cause problems.

When choosing a source for water, you need to take into account the level of its pollution

For residents, water quality comes first. In a well source, the liquid is protected by a large layer of soil. In a well, contamination can easily get into the source due to its shallow depth.

The development of both sources does not require any permits or documents. But if the depth of the artesian is large, then documentation may be required.

When installing a well, it is used professional equipment, which simplifies the process. But for a well, most of the work is done manually. But when connecting communications there are more difficulties - when arranging the well option.

The amount of liquid in the well is greater than in the well. And this does not depend on the season, which is often observed at wells. The quality of the fluid itself from a well source is quite high, but the fluid may contain impurities. The problem is resolved using a filter. The quality of water in the well is getting worse and worse every year.

The longevity of a well source can be measured in decades. At the same time, installations rarely require maintenance. The well is also durable, but requires periodic cleaning. A higher cost is observed when constructing a well.

Pros and cons of well construction

All positive and negative points due to the fact that the source is artesian. The liquid is particularly pure and is often sold in stores. The level of occurrence is quite deep, under calcareous layers, which provides good filtration.

Additionally, you can make a list of the pros and cons of a well and a well

Pros:

High quality water. This is the main advantage. The liquid is not contaminated by wastewater or melt water. The main thing is to drill at a considerable distance from sources of pollution. At the same time, the narrow shaft is easy to protect.
Availability of constant good pressure. The time of year has no effect on this. So, there is enough liquid for several houses at once. Average productivity is 50 cubic meters per hour.
Possibility of drilling at any time of the year. But it is important to do this when groundwater rises.
You can choose any location for drilling. You can even arrange it in the garage and basement of the house. This can reduce construction costs and significantly save space.
Easy maintenance. No need for frequent cleaning. The mine does not silt up because the water is quite clean.
Durability. Can last for 50 years.

Disadvantages include the difficulty of drilling. There may be difficult places and boulders. Working under the house itself causes many problems. Space is limited, making it difficult to work.

Installation is expensive. In addition to expensive equipment, you need to purchase the required installation elements and special filters.

If dirty, cleaning cannot be performed. All that remains is to drill a new structure.

Certain documentation is required. This includes permission, state registration and license. The device does not work without power supply. The installation is afraid of cold weather, so it requires insulation.

What to choose - a well or a central water supply

Owners most often choose the first. But along with autonomous feeding water device requires sufficient patience and financial costs. The drilling itself is performed by professionals. Registration of a license also requires separate costs.

Central water supply is most often used for apartment buildings. This option is also possible for mass development. Then the artesian source is dug into several areas. Water is supplied to every house. The central highway has a number of advantages.

If it is not possible to equip a well, you can connect to the central water supply

Advantages of central water supply:

There is no need to equip a well on the site or perform drilling work;
Unlimited water supply;
Communications maintenance is carried out by special services;
When there is a power outage, the supply of liquid does not stop;
There is no need to equip storage tanks.

The disadvantages of the central pipeline include the presence of rye and bleach in the water. In the event of an emergency on the central line, the fluid supply is stopped. In this case, you need to pay for services every month. The connection itself for the private sector is not always possible due to the distance.

The disadvantages of wells are manifested in high cost, the need for additional filtering and permission.

The quality of water in a well source is considered to be the best. He will last for a long time, and the liquid will not lose its characteristics. In addition, pollution and runoff cannot enter it.

Use on a number of houses

To save money, you can equip a well for 3-4 houses. But this option is rarely used. The point is that there are several technological features. You cannot use an adapter; you will only have to equip a caisson. The main advantage is the reduction in the cost of arrangement.

Quite often, one well can be used to supply water to several houses

Cons:

First, problems arise with choosing an installation location. Which neighbor would sacrifice his own territory? In this case, the plot can be sold.
Only one will have to connect the well to electricity.
Water is used unevenly. A well is a common option for summer cottages, and some people only spend the summer season there. In the future, consumption between neighbors can lead to conflicts.
Financial problems associated with equipment breakdown.
Well debit. It will not be possible to determine the readings in advance. There may be enough water or very little. In addition, pressure drops cannot be ruled out. It is recommended to equip a pump.
To increase the chances of getting enough water, you can drill the well deeper. But this does not provide any guarantees.

You can find a compromise and come to an agreement with your neighbors, but not everyone is ready to bear such responsibility. Many summer residents sooner or later abandon such an idea.

Installing a water supply system in a private home requires effort. First you need to determine the water supply option. The central water supply does not have any difficulties with maintenance, but the supply of liquid and its quality leaves much to be desired. It's better to have your own borehole or well. But when comparing two options, the first one wins.

If it is possible to connect a country house to a centralized water supply network, many will say that you need to choose this method to provide for yourself drinking water. To support their opinion, they will give arguments such as:

, as the only worthy alternative to centralized water supply, is relatively high;
problems may arise related to the actual implementation of work on the construction of a water intake structure on the site;
the costs of purchasing and installing filters are high.

In general, the size of the capital investment for drilling a well, the purchase of pumping and filtering equipment and later the cost of servicing the water intake source in this case are cited as the main factors in favor of centralized water supply.

Meanwhile, everything is not as simple as it seems at first glance: get permission from Vodokanal, lay a pipeline, install water meters and use the water supply as in a city apartment. It is worth understanding in more detail and revealing everything negative aspects providing water to a country house through centralized water supply. But first, about the advantages.

All the benefits of centralized water supply

Vodokanal is responsible for the water supply to the home: it checks the chemical and bacteriological composition of the water, carries out all water treatment activities, maintains and repairs main networks, and maintains the required water pressure.
The second undeniable advantage is independence from power supply. Even if there is a power outage in the house, water is available water taps will do the right thing.

This is probably all, although this is quite a lot. As for the initial capital investments, ordinary people often make the mistake of thinking that the cost of connecting to a centralized water supply is cheaper than the cost of drilling a well.

The nuances of connecting a private house to centralized water supply networks.

Let's consider the main actions of the owner who has decided to enter into a water supply agreement with Vodokanal. First, you need to obtain permission to tap into the backbone network. Then wait for delivery technical specifications for connection and, on their basis, order the development of design and estimate documentation. Conclude an agreement with a licensed organization to carry out work on laying a pipeline from the main pipe to the site. Lay pipes and install meters.

All stages are carried out taking into account the requirements of Russian legislation, namely, Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 416 “On water supply and sanitation” and related amendments and regulations of the Government of the Russian Federation.

And now more about capital investments. You need to know that the estimated cost of connecting to the network is affected by the expected daily water consumption. According to Vodokanal tariffs established in 2015 by the Tariff Committee of St. Petersburg, you will need to pay 17,330 rubles for 1 m 3 /hour. And the water consumption in a country house is quite high: in addition to the kitchen, bath, and toilet, water is needed in the bathhouse, on the street for watering lawns, greenhouses and garden plants. But this ridiculous amount only emphasizes the global nature of further expenses.

Cost of gasket 1 linear meter pipes with a diameter of 20 cm from the main network to the house is 12,490 rubles. It is easy to calculate that if the main pipe is located only 50 meters from the site, laying water supply networks from the connection point to the connection point of the water supply networks to the central cold water supply system will cost 625 thousand rubles. Let's reduce the size of the pipe by half. The amount will decrease slightly and amount to 563 thousand rubles.

And these are not all the disadvantages.

Disadvantages of using centralized water supply networks

In addition to capital investments centralized water supply will require monthly payments for water use, and tariffs are known to be rising. Complete dependence on the water supplier is also confusing: during planned or emergency repairs, the house may be left without water. The supplier will also not be able to guarantee high quality water due to the deterioration of the main pipeline. Vodokanal representatives themselves admit this.

So, perhaps, installing an additional water purification system cannot be avoided. And if the water pressure is insufficient, which is also a problem with the central water supply system, you will have to purchase and install additional pumping equipment. And now we can draw conclusions regarding the choice of source of water supply for a country house. Probably, the alleged problems with drilling and well development are no longer problems in the direct sense of the word.

"Well or centralized water supply", BC "POISK", tell your friends: February 16th, 2016