BUILDING CODES

CARRIERS
AND ENCLOSING STRUCTURES

SNiP 3.03.01-87

STATE CONSTRUCTION COMMITTEE OF THE USSR
MOSCOW 1989

DEVELOPED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh.L. Machabeli, R.A. Kagramanov, B.V. Zhadanovsky, Yu.B. Chirkov, V.V. Shishkin , N. I. Evdokimov, V. P. Kolodiy, L. N. Karnaukhova, I. I. Sharov; Doctor of Technical Sciences K. I. Bashlay); Scientific Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences B. A. Krylov; Candidates of Technical Sciences O. S. Ivanova, E. N. Malinsky, R. K. Zhitkevich, B. P. Goryachev, A. V. Lagoida, N. K. Rosenthal, N. F. Shesterkina, A. M. Fridman; Doctor of Technical Sciences V. V. Zhukov); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsiya Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR (B. Ya. Moizhes, B. B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences L. M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V. A. Kameyko, I. P. Preobrazhenskaya; L. M. Lomova); TsNIIProektstalkonstruktsii Gosstroi USSR (B. N. Malinin; Candidate of Technical Sciences V. G. Kravchenko); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR (G. A. Ritchik); TsNIIEP housing of the State Committee for Architecture (S. B. Vilensky) with the participation of the Donetsk Industrial Construction Project, Krasnoyarsk Industrial Construction Project of the USSR State Construction Committee; Gorky Civil Engineering Institute named after. Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for Public Education; VNIIG named after. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the USSR Ministry of Energy; TsNIIS Ministry of Transport of the USSR; Aeroproject Institute of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.
INTRODUCED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR.
PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A.I. Golyshev, V.V. Bakonin, D.I. Prokofiev).
With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 “Load-bearing and enclosing structures” the following become invalid:
Chapter SNiP III-15-76 “Concrete and reinforced concrete structures monolithic";
SN 383-67 “Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and petroleum products”;
Chapter SNiP III-16-80, “Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures”;
SN 420-71 “Instructions for sealing joints during installation building structures»;
chapter SNiP III-18-75 “Metal structures” regarding the installation of structures”;
paragraph 11 of “Changes and additions to chapter SNiP III-18-75 “Metal structures”, approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated April 19, 1978 No. 60;
chapter SNiP III-17-78 “Stone structures”;
chapter SNiP III-19-76 “Wooden structures”;
SN 393-78 “Instructions for welding connections of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures.”
When using a regulatory document, you should take into account approved changes to building codes and regulations and state standards, published in the journal “Bulletin of Construction Technology”, “Collection of amendments to building codes and regulations” of the USSR State Construction Committee and the information index “USSR State Standards” of the USSR State Standard.
State Construction Committee of the USSR (Gosstroy USSR) Building codes and SNiP rules 3.03.01-87
Load-bearing and enclosing structures Instead
SNiP III-15-76;
CH 383-67;
SNiP III-16-80;
SN 420-71;
SNiP III-18-75;
SNiP III-17-78;
SNiP III-19-76;
SN 393-78
1. GENERAL PROVISIONS
1.1. These norms and rules apply to the production and acceptance of work performed during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures in all sectors of the national economy:
during the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy, especially heavy, porous aggregates, heat-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete, during shotcrete and underwater concreting work;
in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures on a construction site;
during installation of prefabricated reinforced concrete, steel, wooden structures and structures made of lightweight, efficient materials;
when welding installation connections of building steel and reinforced concrete structures, connections of reinforcement and embedded products of monolithic reinforced concrete structures;
during the construction of stone and reinforced concrete stone structures made of ceramic and sand-lime brick, ceramic, silicate, natural and concrete stones, brick and ceramic panels and blocks, concrete blocks.
The requirements of these rules must be taken into account when designing structures of buildings and structures.
Contributed by TsNIIOMTP
State Construction Committee of the USSR Approved
resolution
State Construction Committee of the USSR
dated December 4, 1987 No. 280 Term
introduction
into action
July 1, 1988
1.2. The work specified in clause 1.1 must be carried out in accordance with the project, as well as comply with the requirements of the relevant standards, building codes and rules for the organization construction production and safety precautions in construction, fire safety rules during construction and installation work, as well as the requirements of state supervisory authorities.
1.3. When constructing special structures - highways, bridges, pipes, tunnels, subways, airfields, hydraulic reclamation and other structures, as well as when erecting buildings and structures on permafrost and subsidence soils, mined areas and in seismic areas, one must additionally be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory and technical regulations. documents.
1.4. Work on the construction of buildings and structures should be carried out according to an approved work execution plan (WPP), in which, along with general requirements SNiP 3.01.01-85 must provide for: the sequence of installation of structures; measures to ensure the required installation accuracy; spatial immutability of structures during their enlarged assembly and installation in the design position; stability of structures and parts of a building (structure) during construction; degree of enlargement of structures and safe working conditions.
The combined installation of structures and equipment should be carried out according to the work plan, which contains the procedure for combining work, interconnected diagrams of installation tiers and zones, and lifting schedules for structures and equipment.
If necessary, additional measures should be developed as part of the PPR technical requirements, aimed at increasing the construction manufacturability of the structures being erected, which must be agreed upon in the prescribed manner with the organization that developed the project and included in the as-built working drawings.
1.5. Data on the performance of construction and installation work should be entered daily into the logs of work on the installation of building structures (mandatory Appendix 1), welding work(mandatory appendix 2), anti-corrosion protection of welded joints (mandatory appendix 3), embedding of assembly joints and assemblies (mandatory appendix 4), making installation connections on bolts with controlled tension (mandatory appendix 5), and also recording their position during installation of structures on geodetic as-built diagrams.
1.6. Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wood and stone structures must meet the requirements of the relevant standards, technical specifications and working drawings.
1.7. Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products) the requirements should be met:
structures should, as a rule, be in a position corresponding to the design (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer for installation (columns, flights of stairs etc.) provided that their strength is ensured;
structures must be supported by inventory pads and rectangular gaskets located in the places specified in the design; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the sling loops and other protruding parts of the structures; when multi-tiered loading and storage of structures of the same type, linings and gaskets must be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (hinges, holes) or in other places specified in the working drawings;
structures must be securely fastened to protect them from overturning, longitudinal and lateral displacement, mutual impacts against each other or against the structure of vehicles; fastenings must ensure the possibility of unloading each element from vehicles without disturbing the stability of the others;
textured surfaces must be protected from damage and contamination;
fittings outlets and protruding parts must be protected from damage; factory markings must be accessible for inspection;
small parts for installation connections should be attached to the shipping elements or sent simultaneously with the structures in containers equipped with tags indicating the brands of parts and their number; these parts should be stored under cover;
fasteners should be stored indoors, sorted by type and brand, bolts and nuts - by strength class and diameter, and high strength bolts, nuts and washers - and by batch.
1.8. When storing structures, they should be sorted by brand and laid taking into account the order of installation.
1.9. It is prohibited to move any structures by dragging.
1.10. To ensure the safety of wooden structures during transportation and storage, inventory devices (cradles, clamps, containers, soft slings) should be installed in places where the structures support and come into contact with metal parts soft pads and linings, as well as protect them from exposure to solar radiation, alternate wetting and drying.
1.11. Prefabricated structures should be installed, as a rule, from vehicles or enlargement stands.
1.12. Before lifting each mounting element, you must check:
compliance with its design brand;
condition of embedded products and installation marks, absence of dirt, snow, ice, damage to finishing, primer and paint;
availability at the workplace of the necessary connecting parts and auxiliary materials;
correctness and reliability of securing load-handling devices;
and also equip it with scaffolding, stairs and fences in accordance with the PPR.
1.13. The slinging of the mounted elements should be carried out in the places indicated in the working drawings, and their lifting and delivery to the installation site should be ensured in a position close to the design one. If it is necessary to change the slinging locations, they must be agreed upon with the organization that developed the working drawings.
It is prohibited to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as behind reinforcement outlets.
Slinging schemes for enlarged flat and spatial blocks must ensure their strength, stability and invariability of geometric dimensions and shapes during lifting.
1.14. The elements being mounted should be lifted smoothly, without jerking, swinging or rotating, usually using guy ropes. When lifting vertically located structures, use one guy, horizontal elements and blocks - at least two.
The structures should be lifted in two steps: first to a height of 20-30 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the sling, further lifting is carried out.
1.15. When installing mounting elements, the following must be provided:
stability and immutability of their position at all stages of installation;
safety of work;
accuracy of their position using constant geodetic control;
strength of installation connections.
1.16. Structures should be installed in the design position according to accepted guidelines (marks, pins, stops, edges, etc.).
Structures that have special mortgages or other fixing devices must be installed on these devices.
1.17. The installed mounting elements must be securely fastened before unfastening.
1.18. Until the verification and reliable (temporary or design) fastening of the installed element is completed, it is not allowed to support the overlying structures on it, unless such support is provided for by the PPR.
1.19. In the absence of special requirements in the working drawings, maximum deviations in the alignment of landmarks (edges or marks) when installing prefabricated elements, as well as deviations from the design position of completed installation (construction) structures should not exceed the values ​​​​given in the relevant sections of these rules and regulations.
Deviations for the installation of mounting elements, the position of which may change during their constant fastening and loading with subsequent structures, must be assigned in the PPR in such a way that they do not exceed the limit values ​​after completion of all installation work. If there are no special instructions in the PPR, the deviation of elements during installation should not exceed 0.4 of the maximum deviation for acceptance.
1.20. The use of installed structures for attaching cargo pulleys, pulley blocks and other load-lifting devices to them is allowed only in cases provided for by the PPR and, if necessary, agreed upon with the organization that made the working drawings of the structures.
1.21. Installation of building structures (structures) should, as a rule, begin with a spatially stable part: a bond cell, a stiffening core, etc.
Installation of structures of buildings and structures of great length or height should be carried out in spatially stable sections (spans, tiers, floors, temperature blocks, etc.)
1.22. Production control the quality of construction and installation work must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.
The following documentation must be presented during acceptance inspection:
as-built drawings with introduced (if any) deviations allowed by the manufacturer of structures, as well as by the installation organization, agreed with design organizations- developers of drawings, and documents on their approval;
factory technical passports for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures;
documents (certificates, passports) certifying the quality of materials used in construction and installation work;
certificates of inspection of hidden work;
acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures;
executive geodetic diagrams of the position of structures;
work logs;
documents on quality control of welded joints;
certificates of testing of structures (if tests are provided for by additional rules of these rules and regulations or working drawings);
other documents specified in additional rules or working drawings.
1.23. It is allowed in projects, with appropriate justification, to assign requirements for the accuracy of parameters, volumes and control methods that differ from those provided for by these rules. In this case, the accuracy of the geometric parameters of structures should be assigned on the basis of accuracy calculations according to GOST 21780-83.
2. CONCRETE WORK
MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE
2.1. The selection of cements for preparing concrete mixtures should be made in accordance with these rules (recommended Appendix 6) and GOST 23464-79. Acceptance of cements should be carried out in accordance with GOST 22236-85, transportation and storage of cements - in accordance with GOST 22237-85 and SNiP 3.09.01-85.
2.2. Fillers for concrete are used fractionated and washed. It is prohibited to use a natural mixture of sand and gravel without sifting into fractions (mandatory appendix 7). When choosing aggregates for concrete, materials from local raw materials should be used predominantly. To obtain the required technological properties of concrete mixtures and operational properties of concrete, chemical additives or their complexes should be used in accordance with mandatory Appendix 7 and recommended Appendix 8.
CONCRETE MIXTURES
2.3. Dosing of concrete mixture components should be done by weight. It is allowed to dose additives introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions by volume of water. The ratio of components is determined for each batch of cement and aggregates when preparing concrete of the required strength and mobility. The dosage of components should be adjusted during the preparation process. concrete mixture taking into account data from monitoring indicators of cement properties, humidity, granulometry of aggregates and strength control.
2.4. The order of loading components and the duration of mixing the concrete mixture must be established for specific materials and conditions of the concrete mixing equipment used by assessing the mobility, uniformity and strength of concrete in a specific batch. When entering segments fibrous materials(fibers), a method of their introduction should be provided so that they do not form lumps and inhomogeneities.
When preparing a concrete mixture using separate technology, the following procedure must be observed:
water, part of the sand, finely ground mineral filler (if used) and cement are dosed into a running high-speed mixer, where everything is mixed;
the resulting mixture is fed into a concrete mixer, pre-loaded with the remainder of the aggregates and water, and everything is mixed again.
2.5. Transportation and supply of concrete mixtures should be carried out using specialized means that ensure the preservation of the specified properties of the concrete mixture. It is prohibited to add water at the site of laying the concrete mixture to increase its mobility.
2.6. The composition of the concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.
2.7. Requirements for the composition, preparation and transportation of concrete mixtures are given in table. 1.
Table 1

1. Number of fractions of coarse aggregate at grain size, mm: Measuring according to GOST 10260-82, work log
up to 40 At least two
St. 40 At least three
2. Largest aggregate size for:
reinforced concrete structures No more than 2/3 of the shortest distance between reinforcement bars The same
slabs No more than 1/2 the thickness of the slab
thin-walled structures No more than 1/3-1/2 of the thickness of the product
when pumping with a concrete pump: No more than 0.33 internal diameter of the pipeline
including grains of the largest size, flaky and needle-shaped Not more than 15% by weight
when pumping through concrete pipelines, the content of sand with a particle size of less than, mm: Measuring according to GOST 8736-85, work log
0,14 5 - 7 %
0,3 15 - 20 %
LAYING CONCRETE MIXTURES
2.8. Before concreting rock foundations, horizontal and inclined concrete surfaces working joints must be cleared of debris, dirt, oil, snow and ice, cement film, etc. Immediately before laying the concrete mixture, the cleaned surfaces must be washed with water and dried with a stream of air.
2.9. All structures and their elements that are covered during subsequent work (prepared structural foundations, reinforcement, embedded products, etc.), as well as the correct installation and fastening of the formwork and its supporting elements must be accepted in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.
2.10. Concrete mixtures should be laid in concrete structures in horizontal layers of equal thickness without breaks, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction in all layers.
2.11. When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest vibrators on reinforcement and embedded products, ties and other formwork fastening elements. The depth of immersion of the deep vibrator into the concrete mixture should ensure its deepening into the previously laid layer by 5 - 10 cm. The step of rearrangement of deep vibrators should not exceed one and a half radius of their action, surface vibrators should ensure that the vibrator platform overlaps the border of the already vibrated area by 100 mm.
2.12. Laying the next layer of concrete mixture is allowed before the concrete of the previous layer begins to set. The duration of the break between laying adjacent layers of concrete mixture without forming a working joint is established by the construction laboratory. The top level of the laid concrete mixture should be 50 - 70 mm below the top of the formwork panels.
2.13. The surface of the working joints, arranged when laying the concrete mixture intermittently, must be perpendicular to the axis of the columns and beams being concreted, the surface of the slabs and walls. Concreting may be resumed once the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa. Working joints, in agreement with the design organization, may be installed during concreting:
columns - at the level of the top of the foundation, the bottom of purlins, beams and crane consoles, the top of crane beams, the bottom of column capitals;
beams large sizes, monolithically connected to the slabs - 20 - 30 mm below the mark bottom surface slabs, and if there are haunches in the slab - at the level of the bottom of the slab haunch;
flat slabs - anywhere parallel to the smaller side of the slab;
ribbed floors - in a direction parallel to the secondary beams;
individual beams - within the middle third of the span of beams, in a direction parallel to the main beams (purlins) within the two middle quarters of the span of purlins and slabs;
arrays, arches, vaults, tanks, bunkers, hydraulic structures, bridges and other complex engineering structures and structures - in the places specified in the projects.
2.14. Requirements for laying and compacting concrete mixtures are given in table. 2.
Table 2
Parameter Parameter value Control (method, volume, type of registration)
1. Strength of surfaces of concrete foundations when cleared of cement film: Not less, MPa: Measuring according to GOST 10180-78, GOST 18105-86, GOST 22690.0-77, work log
water and air jet 0.3
mechanical wire brush 1.5
hydrosandblasting or mechanical cutter 5.0
2. Height of free dropping of concrete mixture into the formwork of structures: No more, m: Measuring, 2 times per shift, work log
columns 5.0
floors 1.0
walls 4.5
unreinforced structures 6.0
lightly reinforced underground structures in dry and cohesive soils 4.5
densely reinforced 3.0
3. Thickness of laid layers of concrete mixture: Measuring, 2 times per shift, work log
when compacting the mixture with heavy suspended vertical vibrators 5-10 cm less than the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with suspended vibrators located at an angle to the vertical (up to 30°) Not more than the vertical projection of the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with manual deep vibrators No more than 1.25 times the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with surface vibrators in structures: No more than, cm:
unreinforced 40
with single fittings 25
with double fittings 12

SNiP 3.03.01-87

BUILDING CODES

CARRIERS AND ENCOUNTERS

CONSTRUCTIONS

Date of introduction 1988-07-01

DEVELOPED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh.L. Machabeli, R.A. Kagramanov, B.V. Zhadanovsky, Yu.B. Chirkov, V.V. Shishkin , N.I. Evdokimov, V.P. Kolodiy, L.N. Karnaukhova, I.I. Sharov; Doctor of Technical Sciences K.I. Bashlay; Scientific Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences B.A. Krylov; Candidates of Technical Sciences O.S. Ivanova, E.N. Malinsky, R.K. Zhitkevich, B.P. Goryachev, A.V. Lagoida, N.K. Rosenthal, N.F. Shesterkina, A.M. Fridman; Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Zhukov); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsii Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR (B.Ya. Moizhes, B.B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences L.M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V.A. Kameyko, I.P. Preobrazhenskaya; L.M. Lomova); TsNIIProektstalkonstruktsii Gosstroi USSR (B.N. Malinin; Candidate of Technical Sciences V.G. Kravchenko); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR (G.A. Ritchik); TsNIIEP housing of the State Committee for Architecture (S.B. Vilensky) with the participation of the Donetsk Industrial Construction Project, Krasnoyarsk Industrial Construction Project of the USSR State Construction Committee; Gorky Civil Engineering Institute named after. Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for Public Education; VNIIG named after. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the USSR Ministry of Energy; TsNIIS Ministry of Transport of the USSR; Aeroproject Institute of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

INTRODUCED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A.I. Golyshev, V.V. Bakonin, D.I. Prokofiev).

APPROVED by Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated December 4, 1987 No. 280

With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures" the following become invalid:

chapter SNiP III-15-76 "Concrete and reinforced concrete monolithic structures";

SN 383-67 "Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and petroleum products";

chapter SNiP III-16-80 “Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures”;

SN 420-71 "Instructions for sealing joints during installation of building structures";

chapter on the installation of structures";

paragraph 11 of Amendments and additions to chapter SNiP III-18-75 “Metal structures”, approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated April 19, 1978 No. 60;

chapter SNiP III-17-78 | Stone structures";

chapter SNiP III-19-76 "Wooden structures";

SN 393-78 "Instructions for welding connections of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures."

1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

1.1. These norms and rules apply to the production and acceptance of work performed during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures in all sectors of the national economy:

during the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy, especially heavy, porous aggregates, heat-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete, during shotcrete and underwater concreting work;

in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures on a construction site;

when installing prefabricated reinforced concrete, steel, wooden structures and structures made of lightweight, efficient materials;

when welding installation connections of building steel and reinforced concrete structures, connections of reinforcement and embedded products of monolithic reinforced concrete structures;

during the construction of stone and reinforced stone structures made of ceramic and silicate bricks, ceramic, silicate, natural and concrete stones, brick and ceramic panels and blocks, concrete blocks.

The requirements of these rules must be taken into account when designing structures of buildings and structures.

1.2. The work specified in clause 1.1 must be carried out in accordance with the project, as well as comply with the requirements of the relevant standards, building codes and regulations on the organization of construction production and safety precautions in construction, fire safety rules during construction and installation work, as well as the requirements of state supervisory authorities .

1.3. When constructing special structures - highways, bridges, pipes, tunnels, subways, airfields, hydraulic engineering, reclamation and other structures, as well as when erecting buildings and structures on permafrost and subsidence soils, undermined areas and in seismic areas, one must additionally be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulations -technical documents.

1.4. Work on the construction of buildings and structures should be carried out according to an approved work execution plan (WPP), which, along with the general requirements of SNiP 3.01.01-85, should provide for: the sequence of installation of structures; measures to ensure the required installation accuracy; spatial immutability of structures during their enlarged assembly and installation in the design position; stability of structures and parts of a building (structure) during construction; degree of enlargement of structures and safe working conditions.

The combined installation of structures and equipment should be carried out according to the work plan, which contains the procedure for combining work, interconnected diagrams of installation tiers and zones, and lifting schedules for structures and equipment.

If necessary, as part of the PPR, additional technical requirements must be developed aimed at increasing the manufacturability of the structures being erected, which must be agreed upon in the prescribed manner with the organization that developed the project and included in the as-built working drawings.

1.5. Data on construction and installation work should be entered daily into the logs of installation of building structures (mandatory appendix 1), welding work (mandatory appendix 2), anti-corrosion protection of welded joints (mandatory appendix 3), embedding of installation joints and assemblies (mandatory appendix 4 ), making installation connections using bolts with controlled tension (mandatory Appendix 5), and also recording their position on geodetic as-built diagrams during the installation of structures.

1.6. Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wood and stone structures must meet the requirements of relevant standards, technical specifications and working drawings.

1.7. Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products) the requirements should be met:

structures should, as a rule, be in a position corresponding to the design (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer for installation (columns, flights of stairs etc.) provided that their strength is ensured;

structures must be supported by inventory pads and rectangular gaskets located in the places specified in the design; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the sling loops and other protruding parts of the structures; when multi-tiered loading and storage of structures of the same type, linings and gaskets must be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (hinges, holes) or in other places specified in the working drawings;

structures must be securely fastened to protect them from overturning, longitudinal and lateral displacement, mutual impacts against each other or against the structure of vehicles; fastenings must ensure the possibility of unloading each element from vehicles without disturbing the stability of the others;

textured surfaces must be protected from damage and contamination;

fittings outlets and protruding parts must be protected from damage; factory markings must be accessible for inspection;

small parts for installation connections should be attached to the shipping elements or sent simultaneously with the structures in containers equipped with tags indicating the brands of parts and their number; these parts should be stored under cover;

fasteners should be stored indoors, sorted by type and brand, bolts and nuts - by strength classes and diameters, and high-strength bolts, nuts and washers - by batch.

1.8. When storing structures, they should be sorted by brand and laid taking into account the order of installation.

1.10. To ensure the safety of wooden structures during transportation and storage, it is necessary to use inventory devices (cradles, clamps, containers, soft slings) with the installation of soft gaskets and pads in places where the structures support and come into contact with metal parts, and also protect them from exposure to solar radiation and alternating moisture and drying.

1.11. Prefabricated structures should be installed, as a rule, from vehicles or enlargement stands.

1.12. Before lifting each mounting element, you must check:

compliance with its design brand;

condition of embedded products and installation marks, absence of dirt, snow, ice, damage to finishing, primer and paint;

availability at the workplace of the necessary connecting parts and auxiliary materials;

correctness and reliability of securing load-handling devices;

and also equip it with scaffolding, stairs and fences in accordance with the PPR.

1.13. The slinging of the mounted elements should be carried out in the places indicated in the working drawings, and their lifting and delivery to the installation site should be ensured in a position close to the design one. If it is necessary to change the slinging locations, they must be agreed upon with the organization that developed the working drawings.

It is prohibited to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as behind reinforcement outlets.

Slinging schemes for enlarged flat and spatial blocks must ensure their strength, stability and invariability of geometric dimensions and shapes during lifting.

1.14. The elements being mounted should be lifted smoothly, without jerking, swinging or rotating, usually using guy ropes. When lifting vertically located structures, use one guy, horizontal elements and blocks - at least two.

The structures should be lifted in two steps: first to a height of 20-30 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the sling, further lifting is carried out.

1.15. When installing mounting elements, the following must be provided:

stability and immutability of their position at all stages of installation;

safety of work;

accuracy of their position using constant geodetic control;

strength of installation connections.

1.16. Structures should be installed in the design position according to accepted guidelines (marks, pins, stops, edges, etc.).

Structures that have special mortgages or other fixing devices must be installed on these devices.

1.17. The installed mounting elements must be securely fastened before unfastening.

1.18. Until the verification and reliable (temporary or design) fastening of the installed element is completed, it is not allowed to support the overlying structures on it, unless such support is provided for by the PPR.

1.19. In the absence of special requirements in the working drawings, maximum deviations in the alignment of landmarks (edges or marks) when installing prefabricated elements, as well as deviations from the design position of completed installation (construction) structures should not exceed the values ​​​​given in the relevant sections of these rules and regulations.

Deviations for the installation of mounting elements, the position of which may change during their constant fastening and loading with subsequent structures, must be assigned in the PPR in such a way that they do not exceed the limit values ​​after completion of all installation work. If there are no special instructions in the PPR, the deviation of elements during installation should not exceed 0.4 of the maximum deviation for acceptance.

1.20. The use of installed structures for attaching cargo pulleys, pulley blocks and other load-lifting devices to them is allowed only in cases provided for by the PPR and, if necessary, agreed upon with the organization that made the working drawings of the structures.

1.21. Installation of building structures (structures) should, as a rule, begin with a spatially stable part: a bond cell, a stiffening core, etc.

Installation of structures of buildings and structures of large length or height should be carried out in spatially stable sections (spans, tiers, floors, temperature blocks, etc.).

1.22. Production quality control of construction and installation works should be carried out in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.

The following documentation must be presented during acceptance inspection:

as-built drawings with introduced (if any) deviations made by the enterprise - the manufacturer of the structures, as well as the installation organization, agreed upon with the design organizations - developers of the drawings, and documents on their approval;

factory technical passports for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures;

documents (certificates, passports) certifying the quality of materials used in construction and installation work;

certificates of inspection of hidden work;

acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures;

executive geodetic diagrams of the position of structures;

work logs;

documents on quality control of welded joints;

certificates of testing of structures (if tests are provided for by additional rules of these rules and regulations or working drawings);

other documents specified in additional rules or working drawings.

1.23. It is allowed in projects, with appropriate justification, to assign requirements for the accuracy of parameters, volumes and control methods that differ from those provided for by these rules. In this case, the accuracy of the geometric parameters of structures should be assigned on the basis of accuracy calculations according to GOST 21780-83.

2. CONCRETE WORK

MATERIALS FOR CONCRETE

2.1. The selection of cements for preparing concrete mixtures should be made in accordance with these rules (recommended Appendix 6) and GOST 23464-79. Acceptance of cements should be carried out in accordance with GOST 22236-85, transportation and storage of cements - in accordance with GOST 22237-85 and SNiP 3.09.01-85.

2.2. Fillers for concrete are used fractionated and washed. It is prohibited to use a natural mixture of sand and gravel without sifting into fractions (mandatory appendix 7). When choosing aggregates for concrete, materials from local raw materials should be used predominantly. To obtain the required technological properties of concrete mixtures and operational properties of concrete, chemical additives or their complexes should be used in accordance with mandatory Appendix 7 and recommended Appendix 8.

CONCRETE MIXTURES

2.3. Dosing of concrete mixture components should be done by weight. It is allowed to dose additives introduced into the concrete mixture in the form of aqueous solutions by volume of water. The ratio of components is determined for each batch of cement and aggregates when preparing concrete of the required strength and mobility. The dosage of components should be adjusted during the preparation of the concrete mixture, taking into account data from monitoring indicators of cement properties, humidity, granulometry of aggregates and strength control.

2.4. The order of loading components and the duration of mixing the concrete mixture must be established for specific materials and conditions of the concrete mixing equipment used by assessing the mobility, uniformity and strength of concrete in a specific batch. When introducing pieces of fibrous materials (fibers), it is necessary to provide a method for their introduction so that they do not form lumps and inhomogeneities.

When preparing a concrete mixture using separate technology, the following procedure must be observed:

water, part of the sand, finely ground mineral filler (if used) and cement are dosed into a running high-speed mixer, where everything is mixed;

the resulting mixture is fed into a concrete mixer, pre-loaded with the remainder of the aggregates and water, and everything is mixed again.

2.5. Transportation and supply of concrete mixtures should be carried out using specialized means that ensure the preservation of the specified properties of the concrete mixture. It is prohibited to add water at the site of laying the concrete mixture to increase its mobility.

2.6. The composition of the concrete mixture, preparation, acceptance rules, control methods and transportation must comply with GOST 7473-85.

2.7. Requirements for the composition, preparation and transportation of concrete mixtures are given in table. 1.

Table 1

Parameter	Parameter value
1. Number of fractions of coarse aggregate at grain size, mm:		Measuring according to GOST 10260-82, work log
	At least two
	At least three
2. Largest aggregate size for:
reinforced concrete structures	No more than 2/3 of the smallest distance between reinforcement bars
thin-walled structures	No more than 1/2 the thickness of the slab No more than 1/3-1/2 of the thickness of the product
when pumping with a concrete pump:	No more than 0.33 internal diameter of the pipeline
including grains of the largest size, flakie and needle-shaped	No more than 15% by weight
when pumping through concrete pipelines, sand content		Measuring according to GOST 8736-85, work log
particle size less than, mm:

LAYING CONCRETE MIXTURES

2.8. Before concreting, rock foundations, horizontal and inclined concrete surfaces of working joints must be cleaned of debris, dirt, oil, snow and ice, cement film, etc. Immediately before laying the concrete mixture, the cleaned surfaces must be washed with water and dried with a stream of air.

2.9. All structures and their elements that are covered during subsequent work (prepared structural foundations, reinforcement, embedded products, etc.), as well as the correct installation and fastening of the formwork and its supporting elements must be accepted in accordance with SNiP 3.01.01-85.

2.10. Concrete mixtures should be laid in concrete structures in horizontal layers of equal thickness without breaks, with a consistent direction of laying in one direction in all layers.

2.11. When compacting the concrete mixture, it is not allowed to rest vibrators on reinforcement and embedded products, ties and other formwork fastening elements. The depth of immersion of the deep vibrator into the concrete mixture should ensure its deepening into the previously laid layer by 5 - 10 cm. The step of rearrangement of deep vibrators should not exceed one and a half radius of their action, surface vibrators should ensure that the vibrator platform overlaps the border of the already vibrated area by 100 mm.

2.12. Laying the next layer of concrete mixture is allowed before the concrete of the previous layer begins to set. The duration of the break between laying adjacent layers of concrete mixture without forming a working joint is established by the construction laboratory. The top level of the laid concrete mixture should be 50 - 70 mm below the top of the formwork panels.

2.13. The surface of the working joints, arranged when laying the concrete mixture intermittently, must be perpendicular to the axis of the columns and beams being concreted, the surface of the slabs and walls. Concreting may be resumed once the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa. Working joints, in agreement with the design organization, may be installed during concreting:

columns - at the level of the top of the foundation, the bottom of purlins, beams and crane consoles, the top of crane beams, the bottom of column capitals;

large beams, monolithically connected to the slabs - 20 - 30 mm below the mark of the bottom surface of the slab, and if there are haunches in the slab - at the mark of the bottom of the haunch of the slab;

flat slabs - anywhere parallel to the smaller side of the slab;

ribbed floors - in a direction parallel to the secondary beams;

individual beams - within the middle third of the span of beams, in a direction parallel to the main beams (purlins) within the two middle quarters of the span of purlins and slabs;

arrays, arches, vaults, tanks, bunkers, hydraulic structures, bridges and other complex engineering structures and structures - in the places specified in the projects.

2.14. Requirements for laying and compacting concrete mixtures are given in table. 2.

Table 2

Parameter	Parameter value	Control (method, volume, type of registration)
1. Strength of surfaces of concrete bases when cleaning from cement film:	Not less, MPa:	Measuring according to GOST 10180-78, GOST 18105-86, GOST 22690.0-77,
water and air jet		work log
mechanical wire brush
hydrosandblasting or mechanical cutter
2. The height of free dropping of concrete mixture into the formwork of structures:	No more, m:	Measuring, 2 times per shift, work log
floors
unreinforced structures
lightly reinforced underground structures in dry and cohesive soils
densely reinforced 3. Thickness of laid layers of concrete mixture:		Measuring, 2 times per shift,
when compacting the mixture with heavy suspended vertical vibrators	5-10 cm less than the length of the working part of the vibrator	work log
when compacting the mixture with suspended vibrators located at an angle to the vertical (up to 30 degrees)	No more than the vertical projection of the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with manual deep vibrators	No more than 1.25 times the length of the working part of the vibrator
when compacting the mixture with surface vibrators in structures:	No more, see:
unreinforced
with single fittings
with double"

CURTINING AND MAINTENANCE OF CONCRETE

2.15. During the initial period of hardening, concrete must be protected from precipitation or moisture loss, and subsequently maintain temperature and humidity conditions to create conditions that ensure an increase in its strength.

2.16. Measures for the care of concrete, the order and timing of their implementation, control over their implementation and the timing of stripping of structures must be established by the PPR.

2.17. The movement of people on concreted structures and the installation of formwork on overlying structures is allowed after the concrete reaches a strength of at least 1.5 MPa.

TESTING OF CONCRETE DURING ACCEPTANCE OF STRUCTURES

2.18. Strength, frost resistance, density, water resistance, deformability, as well as other indicators, established by the project, should be determined in accordance with the requirements of current state standards.

CONCRETE ON POROUS AGGREGATES

2.19. Concrete must meet the requirements of GOST 25820-83.

2.20. Materials for concrete should be selected in accordance with the mandatory Appendix 7, and chemical additives - with the recommended Appendix 8.

2.21. The selection of concrete composition should be made in accordance with GOST 27006-86.

2.22. Concrete mixtures, their preparation, delivery, laying and maintenance of concrete must meet the requirements of GOST 7473-85.

2.23. The main quality indicators of the concrete mixture and concrete must be controlled in accordance with Table. 3.

Table 3

Parameter	Parameter value	Control (method, volume, type of registration)
1. Delamination, no more		Measuring by GOST 10181.4-81, 2 times per shift, work log
2. Strength of concrete (at the time of demoulding structures), not lower than:		Measuring by GOST 10180-78 and
thermal insulation		GOST 18105-86, not
structural and thermal insulation reinforced	3.5 MPa, but not less than 50% of the design strength	less than once for the entire volume of stripping, work log
previously tense	14.0 MPa, but not less than 70% of the design strength

ACID-RESISTANT AND ALKALI-RESISTANT CONCRETE

2.24. Acid-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete must meet the requirements of GOST 25192-82. The compositions of acid-resistant concrete and the requirements for materials are given in Table. 4

Table 4

Material	Quantity	Material requirements
1. Binder - liquid glass:		1.38-1.42 (specific gravity) s
sodium	Not less than 280 kg/cub.m (9-11% by weight)	silica module 2.5-2.8
potassium		1.26-1.36 (specific gravity) with silica module 2.5-3.5
2. Hardening initiator - sodium fluoride silico:	From 25 to 40 kg/cub.m (1.3-2% by weight)
including for concrete:
acid-resistant (KB)	8-10% of the mass of sodium liquid glass
acid-water-resistant (KVB)	18-20% of the mass of sodium liquid glass or 15% of the mass of potassium liquid glass
3. Finely ground fillers - andesite, diabase or basalt flour	1.3-1.5 times more liquid glass consumption (12-16%)	Acid resistance not lower than 96%, grinding fineness corresponding to a residue of no more than 10% on sieve No. 0315, humidity not more than 2%
4. Fine aggregate - quartz sand	2 times more liquid glass consumption (24-26%)	Acid resistance not lower than 96%, humidity not more than 1%. The tensile strength of the rocks from which sand and crushed stone is obtained should
5. Coarse aggregate-crushed stone from andesite, beshtaunite, quartz, quartzite, felsite, granite, acid-resistant ceramics	4 times more liquid glass consumption (48-50%)	be not lower than 60 MPa. The use of fillers made from carbonate rocks (limestones, dolomites) is prohibited; fillers must not contain metal inclusions

2.25. The preparation of concrete mixtures using liquid glass should be carried out in the following order. First, in a closed mixer, the hardening initiator, filler and other powdered components sifted through sieve No. 03 are mixed dry. Liquid glass is mixed with modifying additives. First, crushed stone of all fractions and sand are loaded into the mixer, then a mixture of powdered materials is added and mixed for 1 minute, then liquid glass is added and mixed for 1-2 minutes. In gravity mixers, the mixing time for dry materials is increased to 2 minutes, and after loading all components - to 3 minutes. Adding liquid glass or water to the finished mixture is not allowed. The viability of the concrete mixture is no more than 50 minutes at 20 degrees C, with increasing temperature it decreases. Requirements for the mobility of concrete mixtures are given in table. 5.

2.26. Transportation, laying and compaction of the concrete mixture should be carried out at an air temperature of at least 10 degrees C within a time period not exceeding its viability. Laying must be carried out continuously. When constructing a working joint, the surface of the hardened acid-resistant concrete is incised, dust-free and primed with liquid glass.

2.27. The surface moisture of concrete or brick protected by acid-resistant concrete should be no more than 5% by weight, at a depth of up to 10 mm.

2.28. The surface of reinforced concrete structures made of Portland cement concrete before laying acid-resistant concrete on them must be prepared in accordance with the design instructions or treated with a hot solution of magnesium fluoride (3-5% solution at a temperature of 60 degrees C) or oxalic acid (5-10% solution) or primed with polyisocyanate or a 50% solution of polyisocyanate in acetone.

Table 5

Parameter	Parameter value	Control (method, volume, type of registration)
Mobility of concrete mixtures depending on the area of ​​application of acid-resistant concrete for:		Measuring by GOST 10181.1-81, work log
floors, unreinforced	Cone draft 0-1 cm,
structures, lining of containers, devices	hardness 30-50 s
structures with rare reinforcement over 10 mm thick	Cone draft 3-5 cm, hardness 20-25 s
densely reinforced thin-walled structures	Cone draft 6-8 cm, hardness 5-10 s

2.29. The concrete mixture on liquid glass should be compacted by vibrating each layer no more than 200 mm thick for 1-2 minutes.

2.30. Concrete hardening for 28 days should occur at a temperature not lower than 15 degrees C. Drying is allowed using air heaters at a temperature of 60-80 degrees C during the day. The rate of temperature rise is no more than 20-30 °C/h.

2.31. The acid resistance of acid-resistant concrete is ensured by the introduction of polymer additives into the concrete composition of 3-5% of the mass of liquid glass: furyl alcohol, furfural, furitol, acetone-formaldehyde resin ACF-3M, tetrafurfuryl ester of orthosilicic acid TFS, a compound of furyl alcohol with phenol-formaldehyde resin FRV-1 or FRV- 4.

2.32. The water resistance of acid-resistant concrete is ensured by the introduction into the concrete composition of finely ground additives containing active silica (diatomaceous earth, tripolite, aerosil, flint, chalcedony, etc.), 5-10% of the mass of liquid glass or polymer additives up to 10-12% of the mass of liquid glass: polyisocyanate, urea resin KFZh or KFMT, organosilicon hydrophobizing liquid GKZh-10 or GKZh-11, paraffin emulsion.

2.33. The protective properties of acid-resistant concrete in relation to steel reinforcement are ensured by the introduction of corrosion inhibitors 0.1-0.3% of the mass of liquid glass into the concrete composition: lead oxide, complex additive of catapine and sulfonol, sodium phenylanthranilate.

2.34. Stripping of structures and subsequent processing of concrete is allowed when the concrete reaches 70% of its design strength.

2.35. Increasing the chemical resistance of structures made of acid-resistant concrete is ensured by twice treating the surface with a solution of sulfuric acid of 25-40% concentration.

2.36. Materials for alkali-resistant concrete in contact with alkali solutions at temperatures up to 50 degrees C must meet the requirements of GOST 10178-85. The use of cements with active mineral additives is not allowed. The content of granular or electrothermophosphorus slags must be no less than 10 and no more than 20%. The content of mineral C(3)A in Portland cement and Portland slag cement should not exceed 8%. The use of aluminous binders is prohibited.

2.37. Fine aggregate (sand) for alkali-resistant concrete operated at temperatures up to 30 degrees C should be used in accordance with the requirements of GOST 10268-80, above 30 degrees C - crushed from alkali-resistant rocks - limestone, dolomite, magnesite, etc. n. Coarse aggregate (crushed stone) for alkali-resistant concrete operated at temperatures up to 30 degrees C should be used from dense igneous rocks - granite, diabase, basalt, etc.

2.38. Crushed stone for alkali-resistant concrete operated at temperatures above 30 degrees C should be used from dense carbonate sedimentary or metamorphic rocks - limestone, dolomite, magnesite, etc. The water saturation of crushed stone should be no more than 5%.

HEAT-RESISTANT CONCRETE

2.39. Materials for the preparation of ordinary concrete, operated at temperatures up to 200 degrees C, and heat-resistant concrete should be used in accordance with recommended Appendix 6 and mandatory Appendix 7.

2.40. Dosing of materials, preparation and transportation of concrete mixtures must meet the requirements of GOST 7473-85 and GOST 20910-82.

2.41. Increasing the mobility of concrete mixtures for ordinary concrete, operated at temperatures up to 200 degrees C, is allowed through the use of plasticizers and superplasticizers.

2.42. The use of chemical hardening accelerators in concrete operated at temperatures above 150 degrees C is not allowed.

2.43. Concrete mixtures should be laid at a temperature not lower than 15 degrees C, and this process should be continuous. Breaks are allowed in places where working or expansion joints are installed, provided for by the project.

2.44. Hardening of cement-based concrete must occur under conditions that ensure a wet state of the concrete surface.

Hardening of concrete on liquid glass should occur in an air-dry environment. When hardening these concretes, good air ventilation must be provided to remove water vapor.

2.45. Drying and heating of heat-resistant concrete should be carried out in accordance with the PPR.

CONCRETE IS ESPECIALLY HEAVY AND FOR RADIATION PROTECTION

2.46. Work using especially heavy concrete and concrete for radiation protection should be carried out using conventional technology. In cases where usual ways concreting is not applicable due to the stratification of the mixture, the complex configuration of the structure, the saturation of reinforcement, embedded parts and communication penetrations, the method of separate concreting should be used (the method of ascending solution or the method of embedding coarse aggregate into the solution). The choice of concreting method should be determined by the PPR.

2.47. The materials used for radiation protection concrete must comply with the requirements of the project.

2.48. Requirements for particle size distribution, physical and mechanical characteristics mineral, ore and metal fillers must meet the requirements for fillers for heavy concrete. Metal fillers must be degreased before use. Non-flaking rust is allowed on metal fillers.

2.49. Passports for materials used for the manufacture of radiation protection concrete must indicate complete data chemical analysis these materials.

2.50. Work using concrete with metal fillers is allowed only at positive ambient temperatures.

2.51. When laying concrete mixtures, the use of belt and vibrating conveyors, vibrating hoppers, and vibrating robots is prohibited; dropping particularly heavy concrete mixtures is allowed from a height of no more than 1 m.

2.52. Concrete testing should be carried out in accordance with clause 2.18.

PRODUCTION OF CONCRETE WORKS

AT NEGATIVE AIR TEMPERATURES

2.53. These rules apply during production concrete works when the expected average daily outside air temperature is below 5 degrees C and the minimum daily temperature is below 0 degrees C.

2.54. The preparation of the concrete mixture should be carried out in heated concrete mixing plants, using heated water, thawed or heated aggregates, ensuring the production of a concrete mixture with a temperature not lower than that required by calculation. It is allowed to use unheated dry aggregates that do not contain ice on the grains and frozen lumps. In this case, the duration of mixing the concrete mixture should be increased by at least 25% compared to summer conditions.

2.55. Methods and means of transportation must ensure that the temperature of the concrete mixture does not decrease below that required by calculation.

2.56. The condition of the base on which the concrete mixture is laid, as well as the temperature of the base and the method of laying must exclude the possibility of the mixture freezing in the area of ​​contact with the base. When curing concrete in a structure using a thermos, when preheating the concrete mixture, as well as when using concrete with anti-frost additives, it is allowed to lay the mixture on an unheated, non-heaving base or old concrete, if, according to calculations, freezing will not occur in the contact zone during the estimated period of curing the concrete. At air temperatures below minus 10 degrees C, concreting of densely reinforced structures with reinforcement with a diameter greater than 24 mm, reinforcement made of rigid rolled profiles or with large metal embedded parts should be carried out with preliminary heating of the metal to a positive temperature or local vibration of the mixture in the reinforcement and formwork areas, with the exception of cases of laying preheated concrete mixtures (at a mixture temperature above 45 degrees C). The duration of vibration of the concrete mixture should be increased by at least 25% compared to summer conditions.

2.57. When concreting elements of frame and frame structures in structures with rigid coupling of nodes (supports), the need to create gaps in spans depending on the heat treatment temperature, taking into account the resulting temperature stresses, should be agreed upon with the design organization. Unformed surfaces of structures should be covered with steam and heat insulating materials immediately after concreting is completed.

Reinforcement outlets of concrete structures must be covered or insulated to a height (length) of at least 0.5 m.

2.58. Before laying the concrete (mortar) mixture, the surfaces of the joint cavities of precast reinforced concrete elements must be cleared of snow and ice.

2.59. Concreting of structures on permafrost soils should be carried out in accordance with SNiP II-18-76.

Acceleration of concrete hardening when concreting monolithic bored piles and embedding bored piles should be achieved by introducing complex antifreeze additives into the concrete mixture that do not reduce the freezing strength of concrete with permafrost soil.

2.60. Choosing a concrete curing method for winter concreting monolithic structures should be carried out in accordance with recommended Appendix 9.

2.61. The strength of concrete should be monitored, as a rule, by testing samples made at the site where the concrete mixture is laid. Samples stored in the cold must be kept for 2-4 hours at a temperature of 15-20 degrees C before testing.

It is allowed to control the strength by the temperature of the concrete during its curing.

2.62. Requirements for work at subzero air temperatures are set out in Table. 6

Approved
By order of the Federal
construction agencies
and housing and communal services
economy (Gosstroy)
dated December 25, 2012 N 109/GS

BOOK OF RULES

UPDATED VERSION OF SNiP 3.03.01-87

SUPPORTING AND ENCLOSING STRUCTURES

Load-bearing and separating constructions

SP 70.13330.2012

OKS 91.080.10
91.080.20
91.080.30
91.080.40

Preface

Goals and principles of standardization in Russian Federation are established by Federal Law No. 184-FZ of December 27, 2002 “On Technical Regulation”, and the development rules are established by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 19, 2008 No. 858 “On the procedure for developing and approving sets of rules”.

Rulebook Details

1. Performers - CJSC "TsNIIPSK im. Melnikov"; institutes of OJSC "Research Center "Construction": NIIZhB named after A.A. Gvozdev and TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko; Association of Ceramic Manufacturers wall materials; Association of Manufacturers of Silicate Products, Siberian Federal University.
2. Introduced by the Technical Committee for Standardization TC 465 "Construction".
3. Prepared for approval by the Urban Development Policy Department.
4. Approved by Order of the Federal Agency for Construction and Housing and Communal Services (Gosstroy) dated December 25, 2012 N 109/GS and put into effect on July 1, 2013.
5. Registered by the Federal Agency for Technical Regulation and Metrology (Rosstandart). Revision of SP 70.13330.2011 "SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures."

Information about changes to this updated set of rules is published in the annually published information index "National Standards", and the text of changes and amendments is published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". In case of revision (replacement) or cancellation of this set of rules, the corresponding notice will be published in the monthly published information index "National Standards". Relevant information, notices and texts are also posted in information system for general use - on the official website of the developer (Gosstroy) on the Internet.

Introduction

This set of rules was developed with the aim of improving the quality of construction and installation work, the durability and reliability of buildings and structures, as well as the level of safety of people on the construction site, the safety of material assets in accordance with Federal Law of December 30, 2009 N 384-FZ "Technical regulations on the safety of buildings and structures", increasing the level of harmonization regulatory requirements with European and international regulatory documents; application of uniform methods for determining performance characteristics and assessment methods.
The updating of SNiP 3.03.01-87 was carried out by the following team of authors: ZAO "TsNIIPSK im. Melnikov" consisting of specialists: candidates of technical sciences. Sciences N.I. Presnyakov, V.V. Evdokimov, V.F. Belyaev; Dr. Tech. Sciences B.V. Ostroumov, V.K. Vostrov; engineers S.I. Bochkova, V.M. Babushkin, G.V. Kalashnikov; Siberian Federal University- Associate Professor, Candidate of Sciences tech. Sciences V.L. Igoshin; institutes of JSC "National Research Center "Construction": Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete Construction named after A.A. Gvozdev - Doctors of Technical Sciences B.A. Krylov, V.F. Stepanova, N.K. Rosenthal; Candidates of Technical Sciences V.R. Falikman , M.I. Bolgov, T.A. Kuzmich, M.G. Titova .V. Kuzevanov, N.K. B. Turkovsky, A.A. Pogoreltsev, A.V. Prostyakov, M.I. Fokina; Association of Manufacturers of Ceramic Wall Materials - V.N. Gerashchenko; Association of Manufacturers of Silicate Products - N.V.

1. Scope of application

1.1. This set of rules applies to the production and acceptance of work performed during the construction and reconstruction of enterprises, buildings and structures in all sectors of the national economy:
during the construction of monolithic concrete and reinforced concrete structures from heavy, especially heavy, porous aggregates, heat-resistant and alkali-resistant concrete, during shotcrete and underwater concreting work;
in the manufacture of prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures on a construction site;
when installing prefabricated reinforced concrete, steel, wooden structures and structures made of lightweight, efficient materials;
when welding installation connections of building steel and reinforced concrete structures, connections of reinforcement and embedded products of monolithic reinforced concrete structures;
during the construction of stone and reinforced stone structures made of ceramic and silicate bricks, ceramic, silicate, natural and concrete stones, brick and ceramic panels and blocks, concrete blocks.
The requirements of this set of rules should be taken into account when designing structures of buildings and structures.
1.2. When constructing special structures - highways, bridges, pipes, steel tanks and gas tanks, tunnels, subways, airfields, hydraulic reclamation and other structures, as well as when constructing buildings and structures on permafrost and subsidence soils, undermined areas and in seismic areas, additional be guided by the requirements of the relevant regulatory documents.

2.1. This set of rules uses references to the following regulatory documents:
GOST 379-95 Brick and silicate stones. Specifications
GOST 450-77 Technical calcium chloride. Specifications
GOST 530-07 Ceramic brick and stone. General technical conditions
GOST 828-77 Technical sodium nitrate. Specifications
GOST 965-89 White Portland cements. Specifications
GOST 969-91 Aluminous and high-alumina cements. Specifications
GOST 1581-96 Portland backfill cements. Specifications
GOST 2081-2010 Urea. Specifications
GOST 2246-70 Steel welding wire. Specifications
GOST 3242-79 Welded joints. Quality Control Methods
GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Welded connections. Main types, structural elements and sizes
GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy slags for concrete. Specifications
GOST 5686-94 Soils. Field test methods for piles
GOST 5802-86 Construction mortars. Test methods
GOST 6402-70 Spring washers. Specifications
GOST 6996-66 Welded joints. Methods for determining mechanical properties
GOST 7076-99 Construction materials and products. Method for determining thermal conductivity and thermal resistance at stationary thermal conditions
GOST 7473-2010 Concrete mixtures. Specifications
GOST 7512-82 Non-destructive testing. Welded connections. Radiographic method
GOST 7566-94 Metal products. Reception, labeling, packaging, transportation and storage
GOST 8267-93 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks for construction work. Specifications
GOST 8269.0-97 Crushed stone and gravel from dense rocks and waste industrial production for construction work. Methods of physical and mechanical tests
GOST 8713-79 Submerged arc welding. Welded connections. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test methods
GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications
GOST 9087-81 Fused welding fluxes. Specifications
GOST 9206-80 Diamond powders. Specifications
GOST 9467-75 Coated metal electrodes for manual arc welding of structural and heat-resistant steels. Types
GOST 9757-90 Artificial porous gravel, crushed stone and sand. Specifications
GOST 9758-2012 Porous inorganic fillers for construction work. Test methods
GOST 10060-2012 Concrete. Methods for determining frost resistance
GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications
GOST 10180-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength using control samples
GOST 10181-2000 Concrete mixtures. Test methods
GOST 10243-75 Steel. Test methods and macrostructure evaluation
GOST 10541-78 Universal motor oils and for automobile carburetor engines. Specifications
GOST 10690-73 Technical potassium carbonate (potash). Specifications
GOST 10832-2009 Expanded perlite sand and crushed stone. Specifications
GOST 10906-78 Oblique washers. Specifications
GOST 10922-90 Reinforcement and embedded products, their welded, knitted and mechanical connections for reinforced concrete structures. General technical conditions
GOST 11052-74 Expanding gypsum-alumina cement
GOST 11371-78 Washers. Specifications
GOST 11533-75 Automatic and semi-automatic submerged arc welding. Welded connections at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 11534-75 Manual arc welding. Welded connections at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 12730.5-84 Concrete. Methods for determining water resistance
GOST 12865-67 Expanded vermiculite
GOST 13015-2003 Concrete and reinforced concrete products for construction. General technical requirements. Rules for acceptance, labeling, transportation and storage
GOST 13087-81 Concrete. Methods for determining abrasion
GOST 14098-91 Connections welded fittings and embedded products of reinforced concrete structures. Types, designs and sizes
GOST 14771-76 Arc welding in shielding gas. Welded connections. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 14782-86 Non-destructive testing. Welded connections. Ultrasonic methods
GOST 15150-69 Machines, instruments and other technical products. Versions for various climatic regions. Categories, operating, storage and transportation conditions regarding the impact of environmental climatic factors
GOST 15164-78 Electroslag welding. Welded connections. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 15825-80 Colored Portland cement. Specifications
GOST 16037-80 Welded connections for steel pipelines. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST ISO/IEC 17025-2009 General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories
GOST 17624-87 Concrete. Ultrasonic method for determining strength
GOST 18105-2010 Concrete. Rules for monitoring and assessing strength
GOST 18442-80 Non-destructive testing. Capillary methods. General requirements
GOST 19906-74 Technical sodium nitrite. Specifications
GOST 20276-99 Soils. Methods for field determination of strength and deformability characteristics
GOST 20799-88 Industrial oils. Specifications
GOST 20850-84 Glued wooden structures. General technical conditions
GOST 20910-90 Heat-resistant concrete. Specifications
GOST 21104-75 Non-destructive testing. Fluxgate method
GOST 21105-87 Non-destructive testing. Magnetic particle method
GOST 21779-82 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Technological tolerances
GOST 21780-2006 System for ensuring the accuracy of geometric parameters in construction. Accuracy calculation
GOST 22263-76 Crushed stone and sand from porous rocks. Specifications
GOST 22266-94 Sulfate-resistant cements. Specifications
GOST 22690-88 Concrete. Determination of strength by mechanical methods of non-destructive testing
GOST 22845-85 Electric passenger and freight elevators. Rules for the organization, production and acceptance of installation work
GOST 23118-99 Steel construction structures. General technical conditions
GOST 23407-78 Inventory fencing for construction sites and construction sites. Specifications
GOST 23518-79 Arc welding in shielding gases. Welded connections at acute and obtuse angles. Main types, structural elements and dimensions
GOST 23683-89 Solid petroleum paraffins. Specifications
GOST 23732-2011 Water for concrete and mortars. Specifications
GOST 23858-79 Welded butt and tee connections for reinforced concrete structures. Ultrasonic quality control methods. Acceptance rules
GOST 24045-2010 Bent steel sheet profiles with trapezoidal corrugations for construction. Specifications
GOST 24211-2008 Additives for concrete and mortars. General technical conditions
GOST 24379.0-80 Foundation bolts. General technical conditions
GOST 24846-81 Soils. Methods for measuring deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures
GOST 25192-82 Concrete. Classification and general technical requirements
GOST 25225-82 Non-destructive testing. Seams of pipeline welded joints. Magnetographic method
GOST 25246-82 Chemically resistant concrete. Specifications
GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications
GOST 25485-89 Cellular concrete. Specifications
GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25820-2000 Lightweight concrete. Specifications
GOST 26271-84 Flux-cored wire for arc welding of carbon and low-alloy steels. General technical conditions
GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications
GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from thermal power plant slag for concrete. Specifications
GOST 26887-86 Platforms and stairs for construction and installation work. General technical conditions
GOST 27005-86 Lightweight and cellular concrete. Average Density Control Rules
GOST 27006-86 Concrete. Squad selection rules
GOST 28013-98 Construction mortars. General technical conditions
GOST 28570-90 Concrete. Methods for determining strength using samples taken from structures
GOST 30515-97 Cements. General technical conditions
GOST 30971-2002 Assembly seams of junctions of window blocks to wall openings. General technical conditions
GOST 31108-2003 General construction cements. Specifications
GOST 31384-2008 Protection of concrete and reinforced concrete structures from corrosion. General technical requirements
GOST 12.1.046-85 SSBT. Construction. Lighting standards for construction sites
GOST R 12.4.026-2001 SSBT. Signal colors, safety signs and signal markings. Purpose and rules of use. General technical requirements and characteristics. Test methods
GOST R 51254-99 Assembly tool for standardized tightening threaded connections. Torque keys. General technical conditions
GOST R 51263-99 Polystyrene concrete. Specifications
GOST R 51634-2000 Automotive motor oils. General technical requirements
GOST R 52085-2003 Formwork. General technical conditions
GOST R 52752-2007 Formwork. Test methods
SP 15.13330.2012 "SNiP II-22-81* Stone and reinforced masonry structures"
SP 16.13330.2011 "SNiP II-23-81* Steel structures"
SP 20.13330.2011 "SNiP 2.01.07-85* Loads and impacts"
SP 25.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.02.04-88 Foundations and foundations on permafrost soils"
SP 28.13330.2012 "SNiP 2.03.11-85 Protection of building structures from corrosion"
SP 45.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.02.01-87 Earthworks, bases and foundations"
SP 46.13330.2012 "SNiP 3.06.04-91 Bridges and pipes"
SP 48.13330.2011 "SNiP 12-01-2004 Organization of construction"
SP 50.13330.2012 "SNiP 23-02-2003 Thermal protection of buildings"
SP 130.13330.2011 "SNiP 3.09.01-85 Production of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures and products."
Note. When using this set of rules, it is advisable to check the validity of the reference standards in the public information system - on the official website of the national standardization bodies of the Russian Federation on the Internet or according to the annually published information index "National Standards", which was published as of January 1 of the current year, and according to the corresponding monthly information indexes published in the current year. If the reference document is replaced (changed), then when using this set of rules you should be guided by the replaced (changed) document. If the reference document is canceled without replacement, then the provision in which a reference to it is given applies to the part that does not affect this reference.

3. General requirements

3.1. The organization and execution of work on the construction of buildings and structures, the arrangement of the construction site and workplaces must meet the requirements and.
3.2. The organization and performance of work at the construction site must be carried out in compliance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the requirements.
3.3. The work should be carried out in accordance with the work execution plan (WPP), which, along with the general requirements, should provide for: the sequence of installation of structures; measures to ensure the required installation accuracy; spatial immutability of structures during their enlarged assembly and installation in the design position; stability of structures and parts of a building (structure) during construction; degree of enlargement of structures and safe working conditions.
The combined installation of structures and equipment should be carried out according to the work plan, which contains the procedure for combining work, interconnected diagrams of installation tiers and zones, and lifting schedules for structures and equipment.
If necessary, as part of the PPR, additional technical requirements must be developed aimed at increasing the manufacturability of the structures being erected, which must be agreed upon in the prescribed manner with the organization that developed the project and included in the as-built working drawings.
3.4. The construction site must be fenced in accordance with the requirements of GOST 23407 and marked with safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 12.4.026. The construction site, work areas, workplaces, passages and approaches to them in the dark must be illuminated in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.046.
3.5. Data on construction and installation work should be entered daily into the logs of installation of building structures (Appendix A), welding work (Appendix B), anti-corrosion protection of welded joints (Appendix C), embedding of installation joints and assemblies (Appendix D), performance of installation connections on bolts with controlled tension (Appendix D), a log of concrete work (Appendix F), and also record their position on geodetic as-built diagrams during the installation of structures. The quality of construction and installation work must be ensured by ongoing monitoring technological processes preparatory and main work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of ongoing monitoring of technological processes, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up.
3.6. Structures, products and materials used in the construction of concrete, reinforced concrete, steel, wood and stone structures must meet the requirements of relevant standards, codes of practice and working drawings.
3.7. Transportation and temporary storage of structures (products) in the installation area should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for these structures (products), and for non-standardized structures (products) the following requirements should be observed:
structures should, as a rule, be in a position corresponding to the design (beams, trusses, slabs, wall panels, etc.), and if this condition cannot be met, in a position convenient for transportation and transfer for installation (columns, flights of stairs etc.), provided that their strength is ensured;
structures must be supported by inventory pads and rectangular gaskets located in the places specified in the design; the thickness of the gaskets must be at least 30 mm and at least 20 mm higher than the height of the sling loops and other protruding parts of the structures; when multi-tiered loading and storage of structures of the same type, linings and gaskets must be located on the same vertical along the line of lifting devices (hinges, holes) or in other places specified in the working drawings;
structures must be securely fastened to protect them from overturning, longitudinal and lateral displacement, mutual impacts against each other or against the structure of vehicles; fastenings must ensure the possibility of unloading each element from vehicles without disturbing the stability of the others;
textured surfaces of load-bearing structures must be protected from damage and contamination;
fittings outlets and protruding parts must be protected from damage; factory markings must be accessible for inspection;
small parts for installation connections should be attached to the shipping elements or sent simultaneously with the structures in containers equipped with tags indicating the brands of parts and their number; these parts should be stored under cover;
fasteners should be stored indoors, sorted by type and brand, bolts and nuts - by strength classes and diameters, and high-strength bolts, nuts and washers - by batch.
3.8. Facade cladding and roofing structures with textured and other finishing, thin-walled galvanized elements of load-bearing structures, fasteners and parts of load-bearing and enclosing structures, shaped elements for finishing facades and roofs, insulation and vapor barrier materials should be stored in an unheated warehouse with hard floor covering.
Storage of structures, cladding panels and parts in the warehouse is carried out in packaged form on wooden beams up to 10 cm thick, in increments of 0.5 m. The warehouse must be closed, dry, with a hard floor covering.
Storing the structures, panels and parts specified in this paragraph in open areas and together with aggressive chemical products is not allowed.
3.9. When storing structures, they should be sorted by brand and laid taking into account the order of installation.
3.10. It is prohibited to move any structures by dragging.
3.11. To ensure the safety of wooden structures during transportation and storage, inventory devices (cradles, clamps, containers, soft slings) should be used with the installation of soft gaskets and linings in places where the structures support and come into contact with metal parts. Structures should be stored under a canopy to protect them from exposure to solar radiation, alternate wetting and drying.
3.12. Prefabricated structures should be installed, as a rule, from vehicles or enlargement stands.
3.13. Before lifting each mounting element, you must check:
compliance with its design brand;
condition of embedded products and installation marks, absence of dirt, snow, ice, damage to finishing, primer and paint;
availability at the workplace of the necessary connecting parts and auxiliary materials;
correctness and reliability of securing load-handling devices.
Each installation element must be equipped in accordance with the PPR with scaffolding means, stairs and fences.
3.14. The slinging of the mounted elements should be carried out in the places indicated in the working drawings, and their lifting and delivery to the installation site should be ensured in a position close to the design one. If it is necessary to change the slinging locations, they must be agreed upon with the organization that developed the working drawings.
Lifting operations with thin-walled galvanized structures, cladding panels and slabs should be carried out using textile tape slings, vacuum grippers or other devices that prevent damage to structures and panels.
It is prohibited to sling structures in arbitrary places, as well as behind reinforcement outlets.
Slinging schemes for enlarged flat and spatial blocks must ensure their strength, stability and invariability of geometric dimensions and shapes during lifting.
3.15. The elements being mounted should be lifted smoothly, without jerking, swinging or rotating, usually using guy ropes. When lifting vertically located structures, use one guy, horizontal elements and blocks - at least two.
The structures should be lifted in two stages: first to a height of 20 - 30 cm, then, after checking the reliability of the sling, further lifting is carried out.
3.16. When installing mounting elements, the following must be provided:
stability and immutability of their position at all stages of installation;
safety of work;
accuracy of their position using constant geodetic control;
strength of installation connections.
3.17. Structures should be installed in the design position according to accepted guidelines (marks, pins, stops, edges, etc.).
Structures that have special mortgages or other fixing devices should be installed using these devices.
3.18. The installed mounting elements must be securely fastened before unfastening.
3.19. Until the verification and reliable (temporary or design) fastening of the installed element is completed, it is not allowed to support the overlying structures on it, unless such support is provided for by the PPR.
3.20. In the absence of special requirements in the working drawings, maximum deviations in the alignment of landmarks (edges or marks) when installing prefabricated elements, as well as deviations from the design position of completed installation (construction) structures should not exceed the values ​​​​given in the relevant sections of this set of rules.
Deviations for the installation of mounting elements, the position of which may change during their constant fastening and loading with subsequent structures, must be assigned in the PPR in such a way that they do not exceed the limit values ​​after completion of all installation work. If there are no special instructions in the PPR, the deviation of elements during installation should not exceed 0.4 of the maximum deviation for acceptance.
3.21. The use of installed structures for attaching cargo pulleys, pulley blocks and other load-lifting devices to them is allowed only in cases provided for by the PPR and, if necessary, agreed upon with the organization that made the working drawings of the structures.
3.22. Installation of building structures (structures) should, as a rule, begin with a spatially stable part: a bond cell, a stiffening core, etc.
Installation of structures of buildings and structures of great length or height should be carried out in spatially stable sections (spans, tiers, floors, temperature blocks, etc.).
3.23. Production quality control of construction and installation works should be carried out in accordance with SP 48.13330.
The following documentation must be presented during acceptance inspection:
as-built drawings with introduced (if any) deviations made by the manufacturer of the structures, as well as the installation organization, agreed upon with the design organizations - developers of the drawings, and documents on their approval;
factory technical passports for steel, reinforced concrete and wooden structures;
documents (certificates, passports) certifying the quality of materials used in construction and installation work;
certificates of inspection of hidden work;
acts of intermediate acceptance of critical structures;
executive geodetic diagrams of the position of structures;
work logs;
documents on quality control of welded joints;
certificates of testing of structures (if tests are provided for by additional rules of this set of rules or working drawings);
other documents specified in additional rules or working drawings.
3.24. It is allowed in projects, with appropriate justification, to assign requirements for the accuracy of parameters, volumes and control methods that differ from those provided for by these rules. In this case, the accuracy of the geometric parameters of structures should be assigned on the basis of accuracy calculations according to GOST 21780.

Before sending an electronic appeal to the Ministry of Construction of Russia, please read the rules of operation of this interactive service set out below.

1. Electronic applications within the sphere of competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia, filled out in accordance with the attached form, are accepted for consideration.

2. An electronic appeal may contain a statement, complaint, proposal or request.

3. Electronic appeals sent through the official Internet portal of the Ministry of Construction of Russia are submitted for consideration to the department for working with citizens' appeals. The Ministry ensures objective, comprehensive and timely consideration of applications. Review of electronic appeals is free of charge.

4. In accordance with Federal Law No. 59-FZ dated May 2, 2006 “On the procedure for considering appeals from citizens of the Russian Federation,” electronic appeals are registered within three days and sent, depending on the content, to the structural divisions of the Ministry. The appeal is considered within 30 days from the date of registration. An electronic appeal containing issues the solution of which is not within the competence of the Ministry of Construction of Russia is sent within seven days from the date of registration to the relevant body or the relevant official whose competence includes resolving the issues raised in the appeal, with notification of this to the citizen who sent the appeal.

5. Electronic appeal is not considered if:
- absence of the applicant’s surname and name;
- indication of an incomplete or unreliable postal address;
- the presence of obscene or offensive expressions in the text;
- the presence in the text of a threat to the life, health and property of an official, as well as members of his family;
- using a non-Cyrillic keyboard layout or only capital letters when typing;
- absence of punctuation marks in the text, presence of incomprehensible abbreviations;
- the presence in the text of a question to which the applicant has already been given a written answer on the merits in connection with previously sent appeals.

6. The response to the applicant is sent to the postal address specified when filling out the form.

7. When considering an appeal, disclosure of information contained in the appeal, as well as information relating to privacy citizen, without his consent. Information about the personal data of applicants is stored and processed in compliance with the requirements of Russian legislation on personal data.

8. Appeals received through the site are summarized and presented to the leadership of the Ministry for information. Answers to the most frequently asked questions are periodically published in the sections “for residents” and “for specialists”

/ SNiP 3.03.01-87 Load-bearing and enclosing structures.

/ VSN 54-96 Instructions for sealing panel joints using Macroflex
/ SN 420-71 Building codes and regulations for sealing seams
/ VSN 19-95 Instructions for the technology of sealing butt joints of panels of external walls of residential buildings
/ VSN 40-96 Instructions for performing work on sealing joints of external walls and window blocks
/ TR 94.10-99 Technical regulations for work on sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ TR 94.07-99 Technical regulations for work on sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ Technological map 3 Sealing joints of external wall panels during repairs of series 1-464
/ Manual for SNiP II-22-81 Expansion joints in the walls of buildings, sealing expansion joints
/ Methods for sealing open and closed vertical joints of panels and their construction
/ TR 196-08 Technical recommendations on the technology of sealing and sealing joints of external wall panels
/ 44-03 TK Technological map. Sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ VSN-119-75 instructions for sealing joints during the repair of prefabricated buildings
/ VSN 42-96 Instructions for window sealing technology using sealants
/ TR 116-01 Technical recommendations on the technology of sealing joints of external wall panels
/ Guidelines for quality control and testing of joints of external wall panels of large-panel houses
/ Typical technical solutions for increasing the thermal protection of buildings of the I-335 series
/ TR 95.07-99 Technological regulations for sealing joints of external enclosing structures
/ Table 53-21. Repair and restoration of sealing of joints of external wall panels and jointing of wall panels and floor panels
/ VSN 170-80 “Instructions for sealing vertical and horizontal joints of external wall panels of the P44/16 series
/ VSN 17-94 Instructions for mechanized technology for thermal insulation of joints of external wall panels of residential buildings with phenol-formaldehyde foam
/ Instructions for thermal insulation of joints along the contour of window blocks of residential buildings of the Vilan-405 system
/ Technical recommendations on the technology of using an integrated system of materials TR 116-01
/ TR 105-00 Technical recommendations for the installation of window blocks from PVC profiles

BUILDING CODES

SUPPORTING AND ENCLOSING STRUCTURES

Date of introduction 1988-07-01

DEVELOPED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy of the USSR (Doctor of Technical Sciences V.D. Topchiy; Candidates of Technical Sciences Sh.L. Machabeli, R.A. Kagramanov, B.V. Zhadanovsky, Yu.B. Chirkov, V.V. Shishkin , N.I. Evdokimov, V.P. Kolodiy, L.N. Karnaukhova, I.I. Sharov; Doctor of Technical Sciences K.I. Bashlay; Scientific Research Institute of Reinforced Concrete Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences B.A. Krylov; Candidates of Technical Sciences O.S. Ivanova, E.N. Malinsky, R.K. Zhitkevich, B.P. Goryachev, A.V. Lagoida, N.K. Rosenthal, N.F. Shesterkina, A.M. Fridman; Doctor of Technical Sciences V.V. Zhukov); VNIPIPromstalkonstruktsii Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR (B.Ya. Moizhes, B.B. Rubanovich), TsNIISK im. Kucherenko of the USSR State Construction Committee (Doctor of Technical Sciences L.M. Kovalchuk; Candidates of Technical Sciences V.A. Kameyko, I.P. Preobrazhenskaya; L.M. Lomova); TsNIIProektstalkonstruktsii Gosstroi USSR (B.N. Malinin; Candidate of Technical Sciences V.G. Kravchenko); VNIIMontazhspetsstroy Ministry of Montazhspetsstroy USSR (G.A. Ritchik); TsNIIEP housing of the State Committee for Architecture (S.B. Vilensky) with the participation of the Donetsk Industrial Construction Project, Krasnoyarsk Industrial Construction Project of the USSR State Construction Committee; Gorky Civil Engineering Institute named after. Chkalov of the USSR State Committee for Public Education; VNIIG named after. Vedeneev and Orgenergostroy of the USSR Ministry of Energy; TsNIIS Ministry of Transport of the USSR; Aeroproject Institute of the USSR Ministry of Civil Aviation; NIIMosstroy of the Moscow City Executive Committee.

INTRODUCED BY TsNIIOMTP Gosstroy USSR.

PREPARED FOR APPROVAL by the Department of Standardization and Technical Standards in Construction of the USSR State Construction Committee (A.I. Golyshev, V.V. Bakonin, D.I. Prokofiev).

APPROVED by Decree of the State Construction Committee of the USSR dated December 4, 1987 No. 280

With the entry into force of SNiP 3.03.01-87 "Load-bearing and enclosing structures" the following become invalid:

chapter SNiP III-15-76 "Concrete and reinforced concrete monolithic structures";

SN 383-67 "Instructions for the production and acceptance of work during the construction of reinforced concrete tanks for oil and petroleum products";

chapter SNiP III-16-80 “Prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete structures”;

chapter /gost/id.2406/ regarding the installation of structures";

paragraph 11 of Amendments and additions to chapter SNiP III-18-75 “Metal structures”, approved by Decree of the USSR State Construction Committee dated April 19, 1978 No. 60;

chapter SNiP III-17-78 | Stone structures";

chapter SNiP III-19-76 "Wooden structures";

SN 393-78 "Instructions for welding connections of reinforcement and embedded parts of reinforced concrete structures."

5. INSTALLATION OF WOODEN STRUCTURES

5.1. Acceptance of wooden structures must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section. 1 and 5. When accepting laminated timber structures, the requirements of GOST 20850-84 should also be taken into account.

Structures that have or have received defects and damage during transportation and storage, the elimination of which is not allowed under construction site conditions (for example, delamination of adhesive joints, through cracks, etc.), are prohibited from being installed until the conclusion of the design organization-developer. In conclusion, a decision is made on the possibility of application, the need to strengthen damaged structures or replace them with new ones.

5.2. Prefabricated load-bearing elements wooden structures should be delivered by the manufacturer to the construction site as a complete set, together with the enclosing structures, roofing materials and all the parts necessary to carry out the design connections - plates, fastening bolts, tightening, hangers, turnbuckles, tie elements, etc., ensuring the possibility of installing the object using clamps with the roofing device.

Covering slabs and wall panels must be supplied complete with standard fasteners, suspension parts (for slabs suspended ceiling), materials for sealing joints.

Note. Responsibility for the configuration and delivery time of structures lies with the manufacturer. wooden elements designs.

5.3. When performing work on warehousing, transportation, storage and installation of wooden structures, their specific features should be taken into account:

the need for protection from long-term atmospheric influences, in connection with which the work should, as a rule, include the installation of a building in sections, including the sequential construction of load-bearing structures, enclosing structures and roofing in a short time;

the minimum possible number of operations for tilting and repositioning wooden structures during loading, unloading and installation.

Structures or their elements treated with salt-based fire retardants should be stored in conditions that prevent the structures from becoming wet and salts being washed away.

5.4. Load-bearing wooden structures of buildings should be installed in the most enlarged form: in the form of half-frames and half-arches, fully assembled arches, sections or blocks, including coverings and roofing.

Enlarged assembly of wooden structures with tightening must be done only in a vertical position, without tightening - in a horizontal position.

Installation of overlays in ridge units of structures should be carried out after achieving a tight abutment of the abutting surfaces over a given area.

5.5. Installation of structures in prefabricated elements should be started only after tightening all metal connections and eliminating defects that arise during transportation and storage.

5.6. When wooden structures come into contact with brickwork, ground, monolithic concrete etc. Before installation, it is necessary to carry out the insulation work provided for in the project.

5.7. Tolerances and deviations characterizing the accuracy of construction and installation work are assigned by the work project depending on the specified accuracy class (determined by functional, design, technological and economic requirements) and are determined according to GOST 21779-82. Other deviations should not exceed those indicated in the table. 24.

Table 24

─────────────────────────┬────────────────┬───────────────────────

Technical requirements │Limits│Control (method,

│deviations│volume, type of registration)

─────────────────────────┼────────────────┼───────────────────────

1. Depth deviation│+/-2 mm│Measuring, each

cutting from the design││element

2. Deviation in distance - ││Same

between centers││

working bolts, nage- ││

lei, keys in connection-││

niah regarding││

design:││

for input holes - │+/-2 mm│Measuring,

tiy││selective

for outlet openings -│2% of the package thickness -│

tie across the fibers │ta, but no more │

│5 mm│

for outlet openings -│4% of the thickness of the package -│

tiya along the fibers│ta, but no more│

│10 mm│

3. Deviation in distance - │+/-2 mm│Same

between centers││

nails from the side││

nailing││

connections││

4. Deviation of edges:│+/-3 mm│Measuring,

crowns of chopped walls││in each crown

from the horizontal by 1 m ││

lengths and walls of the partition-││

dock from vertical to││

1 m height││

─────────────────────────┴────────────────┴───────────────────────

5.8. Installation of wooden beams, arches, frames and trusses should be carried out in accordance with the PPR developed by a specialized organization.

Installation of arches and frames with connections on working bolts or dowels should be carried out with fixed support units.

Installation of wooden structures with a span of 24 m or more should be carried out only by a specialized installation organization.

5.9. Assembly wooden trusses must be carried out with a construction lift created at the construction site and determined by the project.

5.10. Strutless three-hinged trusses made of straight glued elements with wooden and metal ties must first be assembled from individual elements on a special stand or platform.

5.11. When installing wooden columns, racks, etc., as well as when joining their elements, it is necessary to ensure that the ends of the mating structure are tightly connected. The gap in the joints at one edge should not exceed 1 mm. Through gaps are not allowed.

5.12. In wooden columns and racks, before installation, marks should be made for placing crossbars, purlins, struts, braces, panels and other structures.

5.13. When installing wall panels, the top panel should not sink relative to the bottom.

5.14. Covering slabs should be laid in the direction from the eaves to the ridge with areas for their support on load-bearing structures at least 5 cm. It is necessary to maintain gaps between the plates that provide.

It is prohibited to carry out general construction and special work on slabs laid in the coating that do not have an upper skin: finishing the junctions of slabs with walls, sealing joints between slabs, roofing and minor repair work. To perform these works on the surface, as well as for storing materials and parts, installation various devices and mechanisms in certain areas of the coating, in accordance with the work design, it is necessary to install a temporary protective boardwalk, as well as use portable ladders.