Requirements for the quality of the workplace. Providing conditions for eating. There are three basic areas of these activities

Let's look at what requirements apply to the modern workplace.

Basic concepts that characterize workplace and used in labor legislation, are given in Article 209 of the Labor Code.

Thus, a workplace is a place equipped with the necessary means to perform a production task, in which an employee must be to perform his official duties. It is directly or indirectly under the control of the employer.

The organization of the workplace refers to its equipment and layout. Full and complete equipment of the workplace, as well as its rational layout, make it possible to organize the work process in the best possible way and increase its efficiency.

Working conditions are a combination of factors production environment And labor process that affect the performance and health of the employee. Article 46 of the Labor Code contains recommendations to reflect them in the employment agreement.

The basis of the system legal regulation conditions and labor protection are constituted by the Constitution, Labor Code, Law of July 17, 1999 No. 181-FZ “On the fundamentals of labor protection in Russian Federation», regulations subjects of the Russian Federation, various standard rules on labor protection, which are issued by federal executive authorities.

Labor legislation imposes an obligation on the employer to ensure safe conditions labor, labor protection in your organization. These requirements are binding on all legal and individuals when they carry out any type of activity (Article 211 of the Labor Code). Article 212 of the Labor Code, as well as Article 14 of Law No. 181-FZ, provides an exhaustive list of the obligations that the employer must fulfill.

These include:

Providing workers at the employer’s expense with special clothing, footwear and other personal protective equipment (in hazardous industries);

Creation of working conditions that meet labor safety requirements at each workplace;

Conducting workplace certification.

Assessment of workplaces

The employer is obliged to ensure that workplaces comply with labor protection requirements. The location and organization of workplaces, equipment and tools for work, the air environment and other conditions must be safe and not threaten the life of the worker.

In order to implement the norms labor legislation aimed at creating healthy and safe working conditions, a system of certification of occupational safety and health work was created. It was approved by Resolution of the Ministry of Labor dated April 24, 2002 No. 28. Key element certification is work on certification of workplaces, i.e. assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and implement measures to bring working conditions into compliance with state regulatory requirements. Certification is carried out in the manner established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing public policy and legal regulation in the field of labor.

During certification, they check to what extent the employer’s activities to ensure labor safety in organizations comply with state regulations regulatory requirements in certain sectors of the economy (clause 6 of Appendix 2 to the resolution of the Ministry of Labor of April 24, 2002 No. 28).

The regulatory basis for workplace certification is considered to be labor safety system standards (GOSTs), sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards and other documents. In particular, certification of workplaces for working conditions is included in General requirements to the occupational safety management system, defined by GOST R 12.0.006-2002.

Based on the results of certification of the organization, a so-called security certificate is issued. It certifies the compliance of the employer’s labor protection work with state regulatory requirements.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

The Labor Code imposes on the employer the provision of sanitary, medical and preventive services for workers in accordance with labor protection requirements. For these purposes, according to established standards, sanitary premises for eating, providing medical care, and rest rooms must be equipped. work time and psychological relief. Sanitary posts are being created with first aid kits equipped with medicines and drugs for first aid; apparatus (devices) are installed to provide workers in hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water, etc. (Article 223).

To ensure normal conditions for human activity, microclimate parameters are standardized. The industrial microclimate standards are established by GOST 12.1.005-88 SSPT. “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.” They are the same for all industries and all climatic zones. Microclimate parameters in work area must correspond to optimal or acceptable microclimatic conditions.

The level of temperature, humidity and air speed is regulated taking into account the severity of physical work: “light”, “medium” and “heavy” work. In addition, the season of the year is taken into account: the cold period of the year (average daily outside air temperature below +10°C) and the warm period (temperature +10°C and above).

No less attention should be paid to the ventilation system. Firstly, it is necessary to ensure equality of the volume of supply and exhaust air; Air flows should not raise dust and cause hypothermia among workers. Secondly, it is necessary to minimize the noise coming from the fans.

Lighting, according to " Building codes and rules" SNiP 23-05-95, must ensure uniform brightness in the field of view, the absence of sharp shadows and glare, consistency over time and the correct direction of the light flux. Please note that lighting in workplaces and production areas must be monitored at least once a year.

By the way, the costs of ensuring normal working conditions provided for by law, the organization can take into account when calculating income tax as part of other expenses associated with production and sales (subclause 7, clause 1, article 264 of the Tax Code). After all, the Decree of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of April 22, 2003 No. 64, which provides for sanitary rules and regulations - SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03, was approved on the basis of the Law of March 30, 1999 No. 52-FZ “On sanitary and epidemiological welfare population."

Responsibility for violation

Managers and other officials of organizations guilty of violating labor safety rules and regulations are brought to administrative responsibility in accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses (CAO):

In the form of a fine in the amount of 500 to 5000 rubles (Article 5.27 of the Administrative Code);

In the form of disqualification for a period of one to three years for a repeated violation;

For violation of requirements fire safety established by the standards, norms and rules (Article 20.4 of the Administrative Code), which is fraught with a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 1000 to 2000 rubles, for legal entities- from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles;

Violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population (Article 6.3 of the Administrative Code), expressed in non-compliance with existing sanitary rules and hygienic standards, failure to comply with sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (on officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles).

Psychological aspect

Economic benefits of compliance legal requirements to organizing a workplace is not only the absence of fines and the ability to accept these expenses as a reduction in taxable profit. A well-thought-out workplace layout can significantly increase labor productivity and, as a result, increase company profits.

It is extremely important for management to correctly place not only their own desktop, but also the workplaces of their subordinates, since the progress of work in the team depends on this. Obviously, in order to take into account many options and undesirable aspects of employee behavior during work, you need to think through and predict many nuances and subtleties.

However, there is also general points, which it would be nice for everyone to follow in order to feel confident and free at work:

You cannot sit with your back to the door;

You should not arrange desks so that two employees sit face to face;

It is undesirable to sit with your back to the window;

It is very important to keep order in the workplace.

In addition, color also affects a person’s performance, fatigue, orientation, and reaction. Cool colors (blue, green, yellow) have a calming effect; warm colors(red, orange) - exciting. Dark colors have a depressing effect on the psyche.

To increase work efficiency, the Japanese have developed a method of organizing the workspace, known as the “5S method”. Its goal is to create optimal conditions for performing operations, maintaining order, cleanliness, neatness, saving time and energy. Arose this method in Japan in the mid-twentieth century and consists of five steps, named after the first letters of five Japanese words, which translated mean: “sorting”, “self-organization” (ordering), “systematic cleaning”, “standardization”, “improvement” ( improvement).

As the experience of corporations that have adopted Japanese practices shows, after eliminating all inconsistencies, optimal conditions labor, productivity increases, injuries and the number of occupational diseases decrease, corporate culture, the quality of main and auxiliary operations is improved, and the negative impact on environment. Russian corporations are also adopting the 5S method. Thus, JSC Russian Railways began to use this method as part of the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) for international standard ISO-9000.

Exterior design buildings and structures provides for the rational architecture of their facade, roofs, gutters and cornices, walls and foundations, as well as entrances and entrances. The internal and external territory of the enterprise must also meet the requirements of aesthetics: arrangement of convenient approaches and entrances to the enterprise, walkways, asphalt paths safe for pedestrians throughout the entire territory, landscaping of the territory, including the installation of lawns and flower beds; construction of fountains, pools, sculptural decorations, etc.

Interior production premises or their internal design covers all those premises where workers spend time working or resting: workshops, laboratories, departments, support services for production and domestic purposes, warehouses, rest rooms. When organizing the interior, first of all, it is necessary to proceed from labor safety and the convenience of working posture (including features of visual perception). It is also necessary to take into account the psychological needs of a person during work. Thus, it is psychologically necessary that a person in the workplace can see external environment, nature. In this regard, wherever it is permissible, instead of blank walls in buildings, it is advisable to install transparent stained glass windows, through which a view of greenery, trees, etc. would open.

Summary

Office space largely determines the perception of a company's philosophy. It is also very important that people who spend half their lives in the office identify themselves with the company, its direction, its goals, and feel at home in the workplace. Only then will they be able to work with full dedication and maximum efficiency. And an enterprise, taking care of the working conditions of its employees, will be able not only to protect itself from possible fines, but also to increase its income.

GOST 12.2.061-81

(ST SEV 2695-80)

UDC 658.382.3:006.354 Group T58

SYSTEM OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY STANDARDS

PRODUCTION EQUIPMENT

General safety requirements for workplaces

Occupational safety standards system. Industrial equipment. General safety requirements to working places

Date of introduction 1982-07-01

DEVELOPED by the USSR State Committee for Standards

PERFORMERS Sh.L. Zlotnik, Ph.D. tech. Sciences (topic leader); V.V. Gorsky

INTRODUCED by the USSR State Committee for Standards

Deputy boss Technical management V.S. Krivtsov

APPROVED AND ENTERED INTO EFFECT by Resolution State Committee USSR according to standards of November 11, 1981 No. 4883

1. This standard establishes general safety requirements for the design, equipment and organization of workplaces in the design and manufacture of production equipment, design and organization of production processes.

This standard fully complies with ST SEV 2695-80.

2. The workplace must comply with the requirements of GOST 12.2.003-74 and this standard.

3. The workplace, its equipment and equipment, used in accordance with the nature of the work, must ensure the safety, health and performance of workers.

4. Design of the workplace, its dimensions and mutual arrangement its elements (controls, information display devices, chairs, auxiliary equipment, etc.) must correspond to the anthropometric, physiological and psychophysiological properties of a person, as well as the nature of the work.

5. Levels (concentrations) of hazardous and (or) harmful production factors affecting people in the workplace must not exceed the established maximum permissible values.

6. The workplace and the relative position of its elements must ensure safe and comfortable Maintenance and cleaning.

7. The design of the workplace must provide a comfortable working posture for a person, which is achieved by adjusting the position of the chair, the height and angle of the footrest when using it and (or) the height and dimensions work surface.

When it is impossible to regulate the height and angle of the footrest, the height and dimensions of the working surface, it is allowed to design and manufacture equipment with non-adjustable parameters. In this case, the height of the working surface is set based on the nature of the work, the requirements for sensory control and the required accuracy of actions, the average height of workers (men - if only men work, women - if only women work, men and women - if both men and women work ).

8. The design of the workplace should ensure that labor operations are performed in areas of the motor field (optimal, easy reach and reach) depending on the required accuracy and frequency of actions.

9. When designing a workplace, depending on the nature of the work, work in a sitting position should be preferred to work in a standing position, or the possibility of alternating both positions should be provided (for example, using an auxiliary chair).

The organization of the workplace should provide the possibility of changing the working posture.

10. The organization of the workplace must ensure a stable position and freedom of movement for the worker, sensory control of activities and safety in performing labor operations.

The organization of the workplace should exclude or allow rare and short-term work in uncomfortable positions (characterized, for example, by the need to lean forward or to the sides, squat, work with outstretched or highly raised arms, etc.), causing increased fatigue.

11. The organization of the workplace must provide the necessary overview of the observation area from the workplace.

12. Information display devices must be placed in areas of the information field of the workplace, taking into account the frequency and significance of incoming information, the type of information display device, the accuracy and speed of tracking and reading.

Visual means of displaying information should be appropriately lit.

13. The workplace must have sufficient lighting according to the nature and conditions of the work performed and, if necessary, emergency lighting.

14. General requirements for controls - in accordance with GOST 12.2.064-81 and this standard.

15. Controls must be placed at the workplace, taking into account the working posture, the functional purpose of the control, frequency of use, sequence of use, functional connection with the appropriate means of displaying information.

16. The distance between the controls must exclude the possibility of changing the position of the control when manipulating an adjacent control.

17. If necessary, the workplace must be equipped with auxiliary equipment (lifting and transport equipment, etc.). Its layout should ensure labor optimization and safety.

18. When performing work related to exposure of workers to hazardous and (or) harmful production factors, the workplace, if necessary, must be equipped with protective equipment, fire extinguishing equipment and rescue equipment.

Requirements for protective equipment included in the design of production equipment are in accordance with GOST 12.2.003-74.

19. The presence or possibility of danger and the ways in which its impact on workers can be prevented or reduced must be indicated with signal colors and safety signs in accordance with GOST 12.4.026-76.

The use of safety signs does not replace the necessary occupational safety measures.

20. The color scheme of the workplace must meet the requirements of technical aesthetics.

21. The relative location and layout of workplaces must ensure safe access to the workplace and the possibility of quick evacuation in an emergency. Escape routes and passages must be marked and have sufficient lighting.

22. The organization and condition of workplaces, as well as the distances between workplaces, must ensure the safe movement of workers and vehicles, convenient and safe actions with materials, workpieces, semi-finished products, as well as maintenance and repair of production equipment.

Helpful information:

It is very important for knowledge workers to have favorable conditions– this directly affects their well-being, and therefore their productivity. Therefore, management needs to take a responsible approach to choosing office space for rent.

Office workplace standards: what ideal conditions should be

In order for company employees to feel comfortable, it is necessary to take into account several parameters of the selected premises. Here's what the SanPin standards say about the office workplace:

Square
The area of one workplace in the office for an employee working on a computer with a plasma or LCD monitor must be at least 4.5 square meters. m.

If the monitor is outdated (based on a cathode ray tube), then the standard workplace area in the office is at least 6 square meters. m. per person. For CRT screens, 4.5 square meters is lowered. m/person, but only if the working day lasts less than 4 hours, and during the work no additional devices are used (scanner, copier, printer, etc.)

The width of the side passage between employees’ desks (more precisely, between the sides of their computers) is at least 1.2 m. Minimum distance there should be a distance of 2 m or more between the backs of colleagues’ monitors.

The copier and other office equipment should be placed at a distance of 0.6 m from the nearest wall or table, and in front of it should be left no less than square meter free space.
Temperature
SanPin classifies office managers and other knowledge workers as Category Ia. The temperature in the office workplace for them should be no less than 20 and no more than 28 degrees above zero for a normal eight-hour working day.

IN summer period most optimal temperature It is considered 23-25 degrees Celsius. If the thermometer rises to 29 degrees, the working day cannot exceed 6 hours; up to 32.5 degrees – 1 hour.

Normal in winter temperature regime in the office it is set within 22-24 degrees. A decrease in temperature to 19 degrees entails a reduction in the working day by 1 hour. And if it drops to 13 degrees, office workers have the right to leave work one hour after starting.
Illumination of the office workplace
In areas where managers work with personal computers, both artificial and natural lighting should be provided. Using computers in rooms without natural light requires a permitting sanitary-epidemiological conclusion.

Windows in offices should mostly face northeast and north. For artificial lighting should be used LED bulbs. All lighting sources in the office workplace should be placed parallel to the windows - this way natural and artificial light will fall in the same direction.

These are sanitary standards for office premises, compliance with which will allow employees to maintain their health and work productively.

Meets all standards

You can find such an office in our business center. We offer affordable products that meet all SanPin requirements.

Here you will find:

spacious, bright, renovated offices with all amenities;
location in the business center of the city;
reasonable prices.

Take care of your employees and choose the right business premises!

Requirements for the workplace

Let's look at what requirements apply to the modern workplace.

The basic concepts that characterize the workplace and are used in labor legislation are given in Article 209 of the Labor Code.

The organization of a workplace is usually understood as its equipment and layout. Full and complete equipment of the workplace, as well as its rational layout, allows you to best organize the work process and increase its efficiency.

Working conditions are a set of factors in the working environment and the labor process that affect the performance and health of an employee. Article 46 of the Labor Code contains recommendations to reflect them in the employment agreement.

The basis of the system of legal regulation of labor conditions and safety is the Constitution, the Labor Code, and the Law of July 17, 1999. No. 181-FZ “On the fundamentals of labor protection in the Russian Federation”, regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, various standard rules on labor protection, which are issued by federal executive authorities.

Labor legislation imposes an obligation on the employer to ensure safe working conditions and labor protection in its organization. These requirements are mandatory for all legal entities and individuals when carrying out any type of activity (Article 211 of the Labor Code). Article 212 of the Labor Code, as well as Article 14 of Law No. 181-FZ, provides an exhaustive list of the obligations that the employer must fulfill. These include:

– providing workers at the employer’s expense with special clothing, footwear and other personal protective equipment (in hazardous industries);

– creation of working conditions that meet labor safety requirements at each workplace;

– carrying out certification of workplaces.

Assessment of workplaces

In order to implement labor legislation norms aimed at creating healthy and safe working conditions, a Certification System for Occupational Safety and Health Work was created. It was approved by a resolution of the Ministry of Labor dated April 24, 2002. No. 28. The key element of certification is work on certification of workplaces, i.e. assessment of working conditions at workplaces in order to identify harmful and (or) dangerous production factors and implement measures to bring working conditions into compliance with state regulatory requirements. Certification is carried out in the manner established by the federal executive body exercising the functions of developing state policy and legal regulation in the field of labor.

During certification, they check to what extent the employer’s activities to ensure labor safety in organizations comply with state regulatory requirements in certain sectors of the economy (clause 6 of Appendix 2 to the resolution of the Ministry of Labor of April 24, 2002 No. 28).

The regulatory basis for workplace certification is considered to be labor safety system standards (GOSTs), sanitary rules, norms and hygienic standards and other documents. In particular, certification of workplaces based on working conditions is included in the general requirements for the occupational safety management system, defined by GOST R 12.0.006-2002.

Sanitary and hygienic requirements

The Labor Code imposes on the employer the provision of sanitary, medical and preventive services for workers in accordance with labor protection requirements. For these purposes, according to established standards, sanitary facilities for eating, providing medical care, rooms for rest during working hours and psychological relief must be equipped. Sanitary posts are being created with first aid kits stocked with a set of medicines and preparations for first aid; apparatus (devices) are installed to provide workers in hot shops and areas with carbonated salt water, etc. (Article 223).

To ensure normal conditions for human activity, microclimate parameters are standardized. The industrial microclimate standards are established by GOST 12.1.005-88 SSPT. “General sanitary and hygienic requirements for the air in the working area.” Οʜᴎ are the same for all industries and all climatic zones. The microclimate parameters in the work area must correspond to optimal or permissible microclimatic conditions.

The level of temperature, humidity and air speed is regulated taking into account the severity of physical work: “light”, “medium” and “heavy” work. At the same time, the season of the year is taken into account: the cold period of the year (average daily outside air temperature below +10°C) and the warm period (temperature +10°C and above).

No less attention should be paid to the ventilation system. First of all, it is extremely important to ensure equal volumes of supply and exhaust air; Air flows should not raise dust and cause hypothermia among workers. Secondly, it is necessary to minimize the noise coming from the fans.

Lighting, in accordance with the “Building Codes and Regulations” SNiP 23-05-95, must ensure uniform brightness in the field of view, the absence of sharp shadows and glare, consistency over time and the correct direction of the light flux. Please note that lighting in workplaces and production areas must be monitored at least once a year.

By the way, an organization can take into account the costs of ensuring normal working conditions provided for by law when calculating income tax as part of other expenses associated with production and sales (subclause 7, clause 1, article 264 of the Tax Code). After all, the decree of the chief state sanitary doctor of April 22, 2003 ᴦ. No. 64, which provides for sanitary rules and regulations - SanPiN 2.2.4.1294-03, approved on the basis of the Law of March 30, 1999. No. 52-FZ “On the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population”.

Responsibility for violation

– in the form of a fine in the amount of 500 to 5000 rubles (Article 5.27 of the Administrative Code);

– in the form of disqualification for a period of one to three years for a repeated violation;

– for violation of fire safety requirements established by standards, norms and rules (Article 20.4 of the Administrative Code), ĸᴏᴛᴏᴩᴏᴇ is fraught with a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (for officials - from 1,000 to 2,000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles;

– for violation of legislation in the field of ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population (Article 6.3 of the Administrative Code), expressed in non-compliance with existing sanitary rules and hygienic standards, failure to comply with sanitary-hygienic and anti-epidemic measures, entails a warning or the imposition of an administrative fine (on officials - from 500 to 1000 rubles, for legal entities - from 10,000 to 20,000 rubles).

Psychological aspect

The economic benefit of complying with legal requirements for workplace organization lies not only in the absence of fines and the ability to accept these expenses as a reduction in taxable profit. A well-thought-out workplace layout can significantly increase labor productivity and, as a result, increase company profits.

– you cannot sit with your back to the door;

– you should not arrange tables so that two employees sit face to face;

– it is undesirable to sit with your back to the window;

– It is very important to maintain order in the workplace.

At the same time, color also affects a person’s performance, fatigue, orientation, and reaction. Cool colors (blue, green, yellow) have a calming effect; warm colors (red, orange) are exciting. Dark colors have a depressing effect on the psyche.

To increase work efficiency, the Japanese have developed a way to organize the workspace, known as the 5S method. Its goal is to create optimal conditions for performing operations, maintaining order, cleanliness, neatness, saving time and energy. This method arose in Japan in the mid-twentieth century and consists of five steps, named after the first letters of five Japanese words, which in translation mean: “sorting”, “self-organization” (ordering), “systematic cleaning”, “standardization”, “improvement” (improvement).

As the experience of corporations that have adopted Japanese practices shows, after eliminating all inconsistencies, optimal working conditions are created, productivity increases, injuries and the number of occupational diseases decrease, corporate culture improves, the quality of basic and auxiliary operations improves, and the negative impact on the environment decreases. Russian corporations are also adopting the 5S method. Thus, PJSC (until 2015 OJSC) Russian Railways began to use this method as part of the implementation of a quality management system (QMS) according to the international standard ISO-9000.

Industrial aesthetics determines the requirements for introducing an artistic element into the environment in which people work. It is designed to evoke positive emotions and help improve human performance. Industrial aesthetics presupposes appropriate external and internal design of buildings. Existing enterprises, the construction of which at one time did not comply with aesthetic requirements, should be reconstructed and modernized taking into account modern requirements of industrial aesthetics. The external design of buildings and structures provides for the rational architecture of their facade, roofs, gutters and cornices, walls and foundations, as well as entrances and entrances. The internal and external territory of the enterprise must also meet the aesthetic requirements: arrangement of convenient approaches and entrances to the enterprise, walkways, asphalt paths safe for pedestrians throughout the entire territory, landscaping of the territory, including the installation of lawns and flower beds; construction of fountains, pools, sculptural decorations, etc.

The interior of production premises or their internal design covers all those premises where workers spend time at work or resting: workshops, laboratories, departments, support services for production and household purposes, warehouses, rest rooms. When organizing the interior, first of all, it is extremely important to proceed from labor safety and the convenience of working posture (including features of visual perception). It is also necessary to take into account the psychological needs of a person during work. Thus, it is psychologically extremely important that a person in the workplace can see the external environment, nature. In this regard, wherever it is permissible, instead of blank walls in buildings, it is advisable to install transparent stained glass windows, through which a view of greenery, trees, etc. would open.

Summary

Requirements for the workplace - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "Requirements for the workplace" 2017, 2018.