Make a staircase to the attic with your own hands. Attic stairs: choosing the best. Marching stairs to the attic

At the installation location there may be:

External (external). Mounted outside. Thanks to this entrance, the attic space becomes almost an individual room.
internal. Installed inside the house. The main advantage of such an entrance is the ability to climb to the attic in the cold season without walking along the street. However, there is a minus: it takes up quite a lot of space.

Structure design and material selection

There are five types of main structures for the attic floor:

Single march. The simplest option, but it has several significant drawbacks. One of them is that it is not compact and often requires too much space;
Two-flight. Suitable for standard and spacious premises. But not for little ones, since this design has a turning platform, which also requires space;
WITH winder steps. The turntable is replaced by winder steps. Occupies less space;
Screw design. Economical option for minimal sized rooms. But a compact staircase to the attic in a small house is the most dangerous, since due to the small width of the steps it is easy to trip on it;
Folding attic stairs: folding, sliding and folding. Folding stairs in houses with an attic they can open manually and automatically. Depending on the design, they can consist of two, three or four sections. Sliding ones consist of a large number of retractable sections that stack on top of each other. Folding option: the structure extends only when necessary, the rest of the time it is folded and fixed to the wall. The prices for folding structures are certainly attractive, but they are considered the most inconvenient. Regardless of which folding structure you prefer (folding, sliding or folding), it is better to install it if you do not use it often.

Material selection

Wooden structures are strong and durable. In addition, wood is environmentally friendly pure material, which can add additional comfort to the home. But it can decompose under conditions high humidity and eventually begin to creak.
Metal structures in the attic can withstand heavy loads.
Stone structures are the most reliable, but outwardly they look bulky.
Combined stairs are the most profitable option.

The attic floor in a small house increases usable area, but to use it as a living space you need a convenient staircase. It can be arranged outside, which somewhat reduces the functionality of the second floor. An internal passage upstairs turns it into a full-fledged living space. The market offers beautiful, reliable designs, but it is difficult to choose the exact size. Not everyone can afford to make it to order. Do-it-yourself attic staircase - ideal option. You can choose the most suitable look, material, calculate optimal dimensions.

Choosing a product type – what needs to be taken into account?

Having decided to install a permanent staircase from the room to the attic, determine its location. If there is someone’s bedroom on the second floor and you need a separate passage, then it’s a good idea to place it outside. At the same time, the likelihood of intruders entering the house increases.

Most people prefer to install stairs indoors. The limited area puts the first priority on the requirement of compact design. If you correctly calculate the location and all the dimensions, then it will not take up much space, but will be a convenient, beautiful and reliable element of the interior. Best material for the attic stairs - wood.

How to choose a shape and type?

All stationary stairs are divided into groups. The first includes marching ones, consisting of one section, as well as two or more. A straight line with a single span takes up too much space, so it is preferable to arrange platforms or turns - winder steps.

Spiral-type staircases are twisted around a central pillar or rest with one edge on the wall. They are arranged when there is a severe lack of free space. It is not very convenient to use, especially for older people, and even dangerous for small children. Lifting furniture and equipment on them is problematic. Manufacturing is labor-intensive and requires careful calculations.

Another factor that is taken into account is the frame. The most popular load-bearing element is stringers. They are beams with cut-out openings for steps that rest on them. Another method of fastening is a bowstring, in which recesses are made into which support platforms are inserted.

It should be taken into account that the design on stringers takes less space, it is more durable. The entire load falls on the supports. Bowstrings play a supporting role, holding the steps together.

Between two load-bearing elements a screed of threaded rods is arranged at the top and bottom so that the structure does not become loose.

Optimal location

The experience of professionals suggests best places for installing stairs to the attic:

choose the part of the house that is used less than others;
the platform is more economical in terms of space and manufacturing than winder steps;
a metal staircase is installed 1.5 years after the construction of the house, when it completely shrinks;
make sure that a hole can be made in the ceiling to allow access to attic floor.

The angle of inclination plays an important role: a structure with a greater inclination takes up less space. On the other hand, a too steep climb is inconvenient - it is difficult for the sick and elderly to use. The optimal value is from 27 to 40 degrees.

For any steepness, the distance from the step to the ceiling is at least 2 meters so that the person does not touch the ceiling with his head.

Calculation of product parameters - width of span and steps, height, length

After determining the angle of inclination, select the width flight of stairs. 125 cm is considered the most comfortable, but in a house with limited area and they are of no use to a small number of people living there. For one person, 90 cm is enough, and if there are rarely residents in the house, then 70 cm.

Determining the dimensions of a flight of stairs

The parameters of the steps require special attention. They usually consist of two parts: a tread to support the foot and a riser on which the height depends. In some versions it is missing.

There are formulas by which you can calculate the sizes and determine which are the most convenient and safe. The result will still be something like this: height 17 cm, width 27–28. It is not always possible to adhere to optimal values. They are changed in one direction or the other, but one should not go beyond the limits: the height of the steps is from 15 to 22 cm, the width is at least 22 cm, maximum 40. For ease of use, choose an odd number.

At the next stage, they find out the height of the stairs: measure the distance from the base to the attic floor. From this value the number of steps is calculated. Divide the total height by the number of steps. For example, with a staircase height of 2.9 m and steps of 17 cm, 17 platforms will be needed.

The length is calculated by multiplying the number of steps (minus one) by their width. In the example: 16×27= 432. These are quite large sizes. If you reduce the steps to a minimum value of 22 cm, then 16 × 22 = 352. But this is not the only way to change the parameters of the stairs.

Products with turns - platforms and winder steps

A straight single-flight design requires quite a lot of space. If there is a lack of it in a small house, products with turns are built. A platform is arranged between the two spans. Its length is from 100 cm, and its width is equal to a ladder.

When turning with winder steps they are satisfied with at least three. Requirements for them:

wide edge from 40 cm, in the middle part at least 20;
rotation is carried out with a radius of 30 cm;
For a comfortable ride, the winder steps gradually follow the line of flight.

The minimum width of the tread from the narrow edge is chosen to be 14 cm. Then the dimensions of the middle part, along which they mainly move, will be sufficient for a person’s foot.

Spiral design - calculation features

A spiral staircase consists of steps arranged in a circle with different edge widths. It occupies a significantly smaller area, and this is its advantage. There is a support post in the center, and treads around the circumference. Their length is equal to the radius of the entire structure. The height of the steps is calculated similarly to a flight of stairs.

When arranging a spiral staircase, important factors are taken into account:

the length of the tread and the width of the span are equal to the distance from the rack to their border;
the steps are trapezoidal in shape with a minimum width of 20 cm on the narrow side and a maximum width of 40 cm on the opposite side;
for convenient ascent and descent, the height of the tread is made as low as possible;
vertical turns are arranged at a height equal to two diameters.

"Goose step" - the most compact staircase

It got its name due to the original shape of the treads. Installed in a small house if significant space saving is necessary, tilt from 45° to 65°. Only half of the step is wide, the second is minimum size.First, determine the angle, then carry out the remaining calculations, taking into account the following:

to support the leg, the width of the step is 30 cm, or less;
the dimensions of the narrow side depend on the strength of the selected material;
The height of the tread is 15 cm, you should not increase it too much - it is unsafe for people.

Structurally, the staircase to the attic " goose step» is carried out in the form of a marching or screw.

Bases - manufacturing process

The support for the spans is stringers. This is the simplest and most reliable design. But its manufacture should be approached responsibly: the slightest error, and the steps will be crooked. The 80×160 board is cut to length with a margin.

The most delicate operation is to process the ends at the desired angle so that they fit snugly against the floor and the floor beam. The workpiece is loosely fixed in the future location of the stringer and sawed off top part so that it stands on the side of the ceiling. Then the same operation is performed with the lower end.

It should be borne in mind that it is unlikely that you will be able to cut accurately the first time and will have to repeat it. It is important not to cut off excess.

The stringer is divided lengthwise into three parts, not necessarily absolutely equal. Horizontal lines are drawn along the marks (there are two of them) using a level. Now each segment is divided into equal parts, the number of which corresponds to the number of steps. Follow the horizontal marks.

A line is drawn along the entire board, 50 mm or more from the edge. At its intersection with the horizontal markings, angles are formed from which the verticals are drawn. Remove the temporarily fixed board, check the distances, make changes if necessary. Place the finished stringer on the second board and cut out an exact copy.

Marking the bowstring is done in the same way. Only instead of cutting out pieces of the beam, you need to make grooves in it for the steps. It is better to work with a portable router. The use of hand tools requires hard work and a lot of time. To maintain accuracy, a pre-made plywood template is used.

To support the spiral staircase, a thick-walled metal pipe with a diameter of 50 mm. It is attached to the floor in a strictly vertical position. To install the steps, bushings are made, which are loosely placed on the riser, and washers are installed between them. The total height of each individual node is equal to the distance between the treads.

Assembly of various types of products

Despite the difference in design, stairs with stringers or bowstrings are almost no different, except initial stage– manufacturing of the load-bearing parts themselves.

One board is attached to the wall with bolts, fixed at the top and bottom. A second one is installed parallel to the width of the flight and the places where the steps are attached are checked for horizontalness. They must match in both products. Deviations are corrected by moving the loose structure up and down.

The installation of the stairs begins with fastening the risers. For production, a dry board 20 mm thick is taken. Installation along stringers is much easier than in the grooves of the bowstring. In any case, wood glue and screws are used. There are products without step support, which gives them a lighter, more elegant look.

For support platforms use a board with minimum thickness 36 mm, width equal or greater than steps. They may protrude a little. The workpieces are polished and the edges are rounded. Secure with glue and self-tapping screws.

The components of the railing are balusters and handrails. Balusters are made from square slats or purchased from lathe. Stronger elements are installed at the top and bottom, with intermediate elements between them at each step. Fastening is carried out with self-tapping screws or spikes. There is a railing on top. The acceptable height of the fence is 85 cm.

The design of a flight of stairs with turns is more complicated, and so is the installation. The following scheme is recommended: 3 steps to the landing, then the rest. If winder steps are used: first two straight ones, then three rotary ones. Additional supports are installed under the rotating elements.

The assembly of the spiral staircase is shown in the figure. Node A – connection of the support pipe and the fence in the attic. There is a bolt on the rack onto which a handrail is placed through a slot. Everything is closing decorative cover. B – threaded connection supports and bushings inserted into the step. B – washers and sleeves. G – fastening the support to the base.

Everyone can choose the most suitable design according to your capabilities. The only difficulty is the calculation stage. If you perform them accurately and install the load-bearing supports correctly, you will get a reliable staircase.

In their homes, most people, not wanting to lose the useful space of the attic, convert it into a living space attic room. To climb into such a room, you will need a safe and comfortable staircase. In order not to make a mistake when choosing, you need to know what types of attic stairs there are in terms of design and materials of manufacture, where it is best to place it in your home, and what dimensions to take into account when calculating the staircase structure.

Staircase structures to the attic floor are divided into two types according to the type of placement:

external
internal

The external staircase to the attic is located on the street side of the building and provides us with a separate entrance. The construction of such a staircase structure is advisable if the owner of the room needs to get inside without disturbing the residents. In a small house, the staircase to the attic from the street will not clutter up the living space with its structure. To avoid unnecessary financial costs, it is best to design the entrance opening for the external staircase during the construction stage of the house.

The internal staircase structure is located inside the building, the most common placement option, since you have access to the attic space directly from the inside of the house. At making the right choice design and convenient location, such a staircase design can become the highlight of your interior.

Types of attic stairs by design

There are six main types of attic stairs:

Single-flight - a simple design that you can make with your own hands, consists of a straight flight of stairs located at an angle. This design is not suitable for all types of houses, since for a comfortable angle of inclination, which is 20-45 degrees, it is necessary to have a ceiling height of no more than 2.5 meters. If the height is large, the stairs will have a steep and unsafe descent. The construction of this staircase will require a more flat opening in the ceiling, which will lead to a reduction in living space attic room.

Double-flight - a comfortable staircase suitable for spacious rooms, consists of flights of stairs and a turning platform, which is located at an angle of 90 or 180 degrees. At correct placement the platform can be set at a suitable angle of inclination, which will ensure safe and comfortable descent and ascent. It is more advisable to place such a staircase structure in a corner to save space.

With winder steps - in this design, the turntable is replaced by trapezoidal steps, the placement of which occurs with the narrow side towards the center of the staircase. Due to this, this type of construction takes up much less space than one or two flights of stairs.

The spiral staircase to the attic, thanks to its design consisting of winder steps attached to a support column, looks elegant and compact, suitable for small rooms. For various types of this design, 1 square meter may be enough. meters of living space. On design small sizes It's very easy to slip up. It is necessary to take into account that climbing in a spiral may cause dizziness in older people, and such stairs require additional lighting and more reliable handrails. It is impossible to lift large items into the attic using it; keep this point in mind; if you need to furnish the room, it is better to do this before installing the spiral staircase.

Involute stairs look very elegant and original, design features an average solution between screw and marching options. This design mounted on a curved metal or wooden stringer, which is very difficult to make on your own, and therefore such a staircase is a rather expensive option.

Folding stairs are a mechanism consisting of sections that fold or slide into each other. When folded, they are placed in the staircase box and are closed from the side of the room with a hatch, thanks to which the room is thermally insulated and there is no need to additional insulation staircase opening. This type of construction is more suitable if the house is small or you do not plan to constantly use the attic, for example, only in the summer.

What to make a staircase from for your interior

The staircase to the attic floor is an important and exclusive part of the interior, on which attention is focused when choosing an external one, and also an important architectural element. When choosing a material, focus on the interior of the house and your preferences.

Common types of materials in the manufacture of staircase structures are:

Wood
Metal
Concrete (stone)
Glass

A wooden staircase to the attic looks beautiful in any interior, giving additional coziness to the room. For self-made staircase structure, wood is the most suitable material that is easy to work with at home. When choosing a wooden staircase, you need to consider wooden steps should not be too smooth, as polished or varnished ones increase the chance of slipping and falling down the stairs.
Metal staircase structures in the interior look elegant and sophisticated, their characteristics are durable and reliable, and do not require constant maintenance. A metal staircase can be given any type of design, from artistic forging before chrome plating of individual parts or the entire structure. If you are not familiar with welding, then this DIY attic staircase becomes a difficult task to complete at home.
Concrete or stone are very heavy and massive, placing a strong load on the foundation or floor slabs. Stairs made of such material look bulky in wooden houses; the best installation location is in brick houses or outside the building. A staircase structure made of such material will have to be tiled or plastered and painted, which will lead to financial costs.
Glass is a combined model consisting of metal stringer and glass steps, which visually add lightness to the structure. Practical and durable, but requires constant care of the glass. Quite expensive staircase structures; steps will have to be purchased in specialized stores.

How to build an attic staircase with your own hands

Before starting work, questions arise about where to start and how to make a staircase to the attic. If you have already decided on the design, then you need to choose the material that is most suitable and available material Wood is used to make the staircase structure. The wood is selected from hardwood, since it will have to withstand heavy loads, and many times over.

All wood material for the stairs, we bring it into the room where we are going to directly build the staircase structure, and store it for two to three days, this is necessary so that the material is the same temperature and humidity as the room and takes on its final dimensions.

Choosing a place to install the stairs

The choice of installation location depends on the use of the attic space, permanent or temporary (seasonal); if it is a living room with permanent use, then ideal place The installation is in the hallway or living room. It is best to install the staircase structure near or along the far wall (depending on the chosen design); this placement saves usable space and does not interfere with movement around the room.

Placing a staircase structure, for temporary or seasonal use of an attic room, a veranda is best suited; it will act as a vestibule, which will prevent cool air from entering the living space, also good decision There will be an installation of an external staircase structure from the street.

Basic parameters when calculating stairs

To ensure safety and convenient movement, there are standards for the permissible dimensions of staircase elements:

slope of flight stairs -20-40°
the width of the stairs is at least 80-100 cm
width (depth) of the step – 20-32 cm (optimally – 27 cm)
narrow part of the winder step - at least 10 cm
riser height – 15 – 20 cm

Drawing up a drawing and example of staircase calculation

This calculation scheme is applicable for single-flight staircase structures made of various materials, be it concrete, wood or metal.

We measure the total height of the rise - the distance from the level of the finished floor of the lower floor to the level of the finished floor of the attic floor; for example, let’s take 260 cm.

We calculate the number of steps, for this we divide the total height of the rise by the height of the riser, take 18 cm (allowable 15-19 cm), we get 260/18 = 14.44 pcs. We round the result to the whole number 14.

Therefore, the actual height of the steps (from the top of the bottom step to the top of the top step) will not be 18 cm, but 18.57 cm (260/14).

We calculate the length of the march, take the number of steps and multiply by their width 27 cm (allowable 20-32 cm), we get 14*27=405 cm.

Having made these calculations, we transfer the resulting dimensions of the stairs to the attic to the drawing.

The headroom height is the distance from the bottom edge of the attic floor to the steps. For unobstructed passage along the staircase structure, according to GOST, this distance must be at least 185 cm. If this distance is less than permissible, then it is necessary to reduce the length of the flight by reducing the number of steps and increasing their height.

We calculate the length of the stringer, the Pythagorean formula h2 + l2 = k2 is suitable for this

l - march length

h - lifting height

k – kosour

We get k=√(h2 +l2)=√(2.62 +4.052) =4.81. It is better to take the length with a margin and round it to 5 m.

We calculate the width of the stringer - multiply the size of the riser by 2, we get 17.85*2=35.7 cm.

Video - calculation of a metal staircase structure.

Installation of attic stairs

Wooden elements of the staircase structure need to be treated special compounds(impregnation), making the material resistant to fire and protected from moisture, and also coated with varnish, all this is done after their manufacture, but before installation work begins.

The work begins with preparing the stringers; for this we take two boards 5 meters long, this size is taken from the above calculations. Using a square or a template, we mark the slots, draw out the places to cut future steps and number them.

Making a template:

take a small sheet of plywood
From the corners we measure the width of the tread and the height of the riser
We connect the received marks with a line
We fasten the slats on both sides along the lines made
We apply the made template to the stringer in such a way that the slats prevent movement, and we make markings

We use the finished first stringer as a template to make the second stringer.

After the slots have been made, we apply two stringers to each other and check them for an exact match, this is necessary for a stable and reliable structure.

To install and secure the stringers, we prepare a support for them. In the ceiling of the attic floor (at the end of the staircase opening) we make grooves or fasten an additional beam on which the stringers will rest. It is easier to make grooves in wooden floors, but in concrete slabs It is better to attach an additional wooden beam. The stringers are fastened from above and below, so we need two beams. In the prepared beams, we make a cut under the grooves, retreating from the edges by 7 cm. The width of the cut should be equal to the width of the stringer.

When selecting and installing a support (platform) beam, take into account such dimensions as the minimum cross-section equal to 5 × 8 cm. These cross-sectional dimensions prevent thinning of the structure when cutting grooves for the stringer in it.

Having completed the above work, we proceed directly to the assembly. We insert the finished stringers into the grooves and secure them with hardware, dowels or pins. We attach the stringer located along the wall to it using anchors or long self-tapping screws. The next assembly step is the installation of steps and risers, fastening occurs in one of the following ways:

cutting
screws
dowels

The final stage is the installation of balusters and railings. Thanks to our step by step instructions, a do-it-yourself attic staircase is a completely feasible project if you follow the sequence of work and make accurate calculations.

The attic is a room in which you can not only store things, but also live. To get to the attic floor, you must have a staircase. Many people use ladders. But, if the room is used as an additional living room, then you should think about a reliable and safe staircase. It can be made of wood or metal. The designs of attic stairs are different.

Any home owner tries to use the entire living area correctly. Many people think about saving space, especially if the house itself is small. An attic staircase should not only be comfortable, but also safe.

There are houses with a bathhouse on the ground floor and a residential floor on the second. The attic staircase, in this case, can lead directly to the bathhouse, that is, down, and then back to the residential attic floor. It's convenient and practical.

The staircase should not create a large shadow. When designing stairs, it is necessary to take into account the safety of the structure.

The flat design of the staircase will take up a large amount of space, but it is the most convenient for use. Steep stairs is less convenient than other types of structures. It's difficult to climb.

Types of attic stairs:

Marching;
Screw.

Marching stairs are the most convenient and safe. Their design is simple and practical. It is possible to independently design and build such a staircase leading to the attic floor. For their construction, stringers, two supporting bowstrings, and bolts are used. To save space, use stairs with two flights. Between them there is a landing or winder steps. These types of stairs are used if there is not much free space in the house. Single-flight structures occupy more space than two-flight ones. But, under them you can build utility room or a closet to use up the remaining space.

Spiral staircases are rarely used as attic staircases. They are difficult for independent design and construction. You can purchase a compact spiral staircase in specialty store or made to order. The staircase will be ready, the owner only needs to assemble it using the instructions.

Wooden stairs to the attic in a private house: types of spans

Increase living space possible due to the attic floor. This room can be used as a guest room, bedroom, or playroom. When arranging the attic floor, it is necessary to pay special attention to how it will be climbed. The wood is ideal for making stairs. It is possible to make your own staircase to the attic using a minimum amount of equipment, tools and materials.

Hard and durable wood species are suitable for making stairs: pine, oak, yew, larch, ash.

It is important to correctly determine the area for the staircase structure in order to conveniently organize the living space.

Types of wooden staircases:

Straight;
Single-flight (with 1-2 turns of 90 degrees);
Double-flight (with a rotation of 90 and 180 degrees);
Screw (with support column);
Circular (shaft in the middle).

Straight stairs without turns are installed at a certain angle. The width of the steps is 30 centimeters, and the depth of the steps is at least 27 centimeters.

Stairs with turns take up much more space than straight ones. You can make the required height or width of the steps. The width of the passage can be 50-100 centimeters. If there is no winder platform, winder steps are installed. They are usually trapezoidal in shape.

Convenient do-it-yourself staircase to the attic: stages of work

To make a staircase yourself, you need to determine its position and type of structure. Based on the area of the house, choose the position of the stairs. If the house has a small amount of free space, you should choose simple designs stairs It can be a straight line without turns, or a staircase with two flights. Such options are optimal, convenient and practical, as they take up a small amount of space. If the area of the house allows, then you can build a staircase with turns or a spiral one.

Screw structures are the most complex, so you need enough knowledge and practice to make such a staircase with your own hands.

Stages of work:

Determine the location for the future staircase;
Create a sketch;
Make calculations and draw up drawings;
Prepare the necessary materials and tools;
Make staircase elements;
Install the stairs.

To make a staircase, you need to make calculations and make a drawing. First you need to determine the lifting height, the width of the stairs, its steepness and the size of the hatch.

It is necessary to accurately determine the width of the tread. This parameter affects the entire staircase design.

The staircase leading to the attic should not only be beautiful, but also safe. Handrails and guardrails must be used. These elements ensure safety and comfort during operation of the stairs.

How to make a staircase to the attic: we make the necessary calculations

A compact attic staircase can be used in a private wooden house, built on a dacha. Convenient staircase may lead to the attic. It can be not only wooden, but also metal. For example, a metal folding ladder from the manufacturer Farko is not only compact, but also safe.

In order to make an attic ladder, you need to calculate its dimensions. If a spiral staircase is being built, you need to take care of its compactness.

Main dimensions:

The width of the step must be at least 300 mm;
Riser height from 150 mm;
March width 800-1000 mm;
The slope of the stairs should be from 20 to 45 degrees.

Based on these standards, you can correctly calculate the dimensions for the stairs being built.

It is worth considering the size of the opening in the attic. The width of the staircase itself depends on the size of the openings. If the opening is not provided for during construction, then it is worth making one the right size or build an external staircase leading to the attic.

Wooden external staircase to the attic: pros and cons

The location of the stairs plays big role. It can be located in the living room and lead to the attic floor. Or lead from the first floor to the attic.

If you have limited space in your home, you can use an outside staircase to access the attic.

Positive features of an external staircase:

Saving space inside the house;
Possibility to enter the top floor from the street.

External stairs are made of wood, metal, concrete, stone. Optimal material- tree. It is resistant to external environment, if its surface has been treated and varnished. But there is a small drawback: in winter you will have to clean such stairs often. Wooden ones are often used in the country attic stairs. Typically, a room is used not for living, but for storing things. This ladder can be used as needed. If its design is attached, it can be stored indoors. This type of ladder is used to access the attic, but is not the safest.

An external staircase is convenient because if a person lives on the attic floor and comes home late, he will not disturb others with his arrival.

If you live in a five-story cottage, then external staircase will be a salvation. Several neighbors can live in one house. In order not to climb inside the house every time and not disturb the neighbors, you can attach your own stairs.

This staircase is susceptible to precipitation, which can accumulate on it. This problem can be solved by constructing a protective canopy.

Sliding staircase to the attic floor in a multi-storey building

In some multi-storey buildings There are attics that can be used by residents. You can make an exit to the attic from your own apartment. Initially, you need to decide on the location of the stairs. If the layout of the apartment does not allow installing a permanent staircase, in this case you can use a sliding one. It can be used if necessary. The installation of such stairs allows you to save space in the apartment. The manufacturer "Fakro" offers large selection sliding stairs along with a hatch.

Before you buy sliding staircase, necessary:

Make a calculation;
View ready-made samples on the manufacturer’s (store) website;
Choose the design of the future structure;
Order the product in the required sizes.

Sliding stairs not only save space, but also do not disturb the interior of the apartment. Stairs of this design are compact, safe and durable.

Due to this staircase design, it is possible to easily and without leaving your own apartment to penetrate from the fifth floor to the attic. You can store things and furniture on it that are not currently in use, or arrange a separate room.

Compact staircase to the attic: attic structures

Many people use folding attic ladders to save space in their home or cottage. Stairs from the manufacturer "Fakro" have a reliable design. They are made using a specific design, high-quality wood and metal. Their design is convenient to use.

Models with a hatch have a door that closes tightly and is insulated. The door ensures reliable closing, therefore cold air will not flow from the attic into the house.

How to make a staircase to the attic with your own hands (video)

The attic staircase should be safe and comfortable. Then you should pay attention to its design. First of all, you need to calculate correct sizes and determine its location in the house. The comfort of people who will use the attic floor depends on the position of the staircase. Therefore, the convenience of the residents of the house depends on the design of the staircase and where it will be installed.

The attic has long ceased to be a place for storing unnecessary things; now, with the right layout, you can recreate a living space there with all the amenities. It is necessary to begin the arrangement of the attic with the construction of a staircase. Most residents country houses prefer to use wooden stepladders to get to the second floor. However, if you plan to use the attic as extra room, we recommend paying attention to reliable flight stairs.

The design can be made from the most different materials(wood, steel, aluminum). These can be marching, screw or involute models. Buying a finished product is not always the only option; making simple stairs You can do it in the attic with your own hands. To do this, you don’t need to have special skills; it’s enough to accurately follow all stages of the work, choose the right design and materials for the future product. In this article we will look at popular types of attic stairs, and also note the main aspects of the manufacture of such structures.

Options for stairs to the attic

Depending on the location, there are two types of structures - external and internal. In turn, external (entrance from the street) are divided into temporary and permanent. The latter are more common because they are made of high-strength materials, are easy to use and durable.

The main advantage of external staircase structures is rational use free space, making them perfect for small private homes.

However, it is worth remembering that the external staircase to the attic is a favorite way for thieves and intruders to get inside. If you live in an unguarded holiday village, then pay attention to the internal models. These are small-sized products made of wood or metal that come in a variety of shapes and sizes. They are distinguished by their compactness, low price and the possibility of self-production.

Metal and wooden attic stairs are an integral attribute of any country house, which has an attic space. Whatever material the structure is made of, it must meet basic safety rules, be easy to use and fit into the interior of the living room (or other accommodation room).

The internal staircase to the attic is best option for private two-story houses, it can also be an excellent home decoration.

Today, there are five types of stairs that are suitable for arranging an attic space in a country house:

Single-flight - straight structures without turns, an excellent option for making them yourself (most often they use wood or metal).

Double-flight with platform– straight or angular, consisting of two flights and a special intermediate platform, they are distinguished by convenience, safety and large dimensions.

Marching with winder steps– stairs that use a special type of steps instead of a turntable are not suitable for self-production.

Spiral staircases– mobile, compact, which are also inexpensive.

Folding or loft– most budget option for the attic.

In addition, there are a large number of sliding and folding stairs on the market. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages - all this should be taken into account when choosing a product. Special attention It is also worth paying attention to the dimensions of the structure and the material of manufacture; these parameters determine the reliability and ease of use. Next, we will look at several main types of stairs suitable for providing access to the attic space.

Ladder-hatch

Such staircase structures resemble folding models in appearance - they are compact, easy to assemble and inexpensive. A special feature is the presence of a special spring mechanism, which allows you to quickly open and close the staircase, hiding it in the under-roof room.

To unfold the ladder, you need to pull the hatch down and disconnect the last flight of stairs.

Most products in this category are equipped with automation, which makes their use more comfortable. If you have basic construction skills, making such a staircase will not be difficult, you only need detailed drawing, suitable materials and tools.

On video: how to choose an attic ladder.

Marching

The most classic type are flight stairs (single-flight or double-flight), but they are rarely used for arranging the attic floor. This is due to the dimensions of the products, high cost and problems that often arise during manufacturing and assembly.

The main advantages of marching stairs include reliability, safety and a wide selection of models.

If you want to please your loved ones with an elegant, hand-made staircase, then study the installation features of such structures in advance. Thus, steps can be attached to stringers, bowstrings and bolts. In the case of installing a single-flight structure, the angle of inclination is determined taking into account the height of the ceiling (steep descents are not recommended).

Screw

Designers believe that a spiral staircase is the only model of staircase structures that will fit into any interior of the room and save space. To decorate your attic, products with winder steps are suitable for you, but it is worth remembering that they are quite dangerous (not recommended for use in houses with small children or elderly people).

To make the structure safer, take a closer look at wooden railings, anti-slip tracks and comfortable handles.

Involute

Lately, in expensive hotels and shopping centers Involute stairs are becoming increasingly common. Now it's integral element modern and neutral styles (depending on the chosen material and design features).

Involute products have both mid-flight and screw features, which makes them truly unique.

It is impossible to independently manufacture such products; they are made with bent supporting elements and are by no means cheap. You can save on the purchase of such a staircase if you understand the installation. So, the steps are attached to a curved wooden or metal string/string.

Installation of attic stairs

Arranging an attic allows you to increase the living space of a country house - you can arrange a children's corner, workplace or a guest bedroom. However, first of all, you need to solve the issue of installing stairs to the attic. After you decide on the design model, drawings and plan for future work, take care of correct assembly all elements.

Development should begin with such details as stringers/strings, support posts, steps, platform/winder steps (this must be done according to calculations).

If you are making a wooden staircase to the attic with your own hands, then you should definitely understand the theoretical basis. The main structural components are the stringer, tread and risers (the latter do not bear any load and may be absent). A stringer is a supporting beam with recesses for steps, the thickness of which must be at least 5 cm and the width 25-27 cm. The tread is the horizontal part of the step.

Material selection

You can build an attic staircase from almost any material - it all depends on the type of structure, its size and location (inside or outside the house). There are models on the market from different breeds wood, metal, glass and concrete. It is also possible to combine materials; the combination of deciduous and coniferous species tree.

For small cottages and luxurious country estates, for interior and exterior decoration of an attic space - a wooden staircase will fit perfectly into any interior. The product must be combined with the design of the room, fit into the residents’ budget and satisfy all wishes. That is why the choice of staircase design should be approached with special responsibility.

Each material has both advantages and disadvantages of use. So, metal stairs are very durable, but they are quite expensive. Wooden structures They look elegant, but require regular maintenance. And concrete products will look strange in a classic design.

How to make an attic staircase (step by step instructions)

During production small stairs in the attic, all stages of this type of work must be strictly observed. Correct location The design will expand the usable area of a private home. However, first you need to decide what model it will be, and whether you will need the help of professionals in arranging and building the stairs.

Building a staircase to the upper floor (attic or attic) is not as difficult as it might seem at first. But the main thing is that homemade design met all safety requirements:

The staircase should not take up a lot of space, especially living space (does not apply to the installation of stairs at the entrance to the house).

It should be located in such a way that the distance from the steps to the ceiling is optimal and allows free movement between floors (during construction, the total height of the floor must be taken into account).

rise wooden stairs should be as comfortable and safe as possible, and the steps should be reliable and of the correct height and width.

If you plan to install a folding ladder, you need to make sure that every family member can use it without difficulty.

Choosing a place to install the stairs

The location of the staircase structure is important. The entrance to the attic can be either outside the house or inside. Compact spiral staircases are used for arranging attic space most often (they are placed either in the hallway or on the street). This great solution for small country houses.

When determining the installation location of a flight of stairs, it is necessary to proceed from the parameters of the product, the purpose (temporary or permanent) and the availability of free space. All these characteristics must be reflected in the drawings and ready plan installation work.

The optimal solution would be to build a staircase in a separate or passage room. The advantages of this method include the ability to install any design.

On video: mistakes in designing stairs in a wooden house.

Calculation and drawing

The next stage of manufacturing an attic staircase involves calculating the dimensions of the structure and drawing up a drawing. When performing work, you must be guided by the established requirements that determine the permissible parameters of the product. Compliance with safety rules and special standards will allow you to avoid stupid mistakes, and also guarantee ease of movement and long service life of the ladder.

Here are just a few building codes:

The width of the staircase structure should not be less than 80-100 cm. For two people to pass at the same time, this value can be increased to 150 cm, but for attic stairs this is a lot.

The optimal width of the step is 20-30 cm, a convenient riser height is 16-19 cm.

The slope of the flight of stairs can vary from 20 to 75 degrees. For a structure leading to the attic, the optimal angle of inclination is 40-45 degrees.

The above parameters are only suitable for stairs standard sizes. If such a design does not fit into your interior, then we recommend that you pay attention to the construction of custom-made stairs. This is quite an expensive pleasure, but this way you can avoid unexpected expenses, errors in calculations and installation.

To independently calculate the stairs, you first need to measure the distance from the floor of the lower floor to the floor of the second (attic floor). Based on the obtained indicator, you need to determine the number of steps; to do this, divide the ceiling height by the estimated riser height. To calculate the length of a flight of stairs, simply multiply the number of steps by their width. Based on the calculations performed, make a drawing and apply markings.

Parameters required for calculation

Separately, it is worth noting that if the opening in a private house is not intended for the construction of a staircase, then it should either be expanded or moved. Consult with specialists before starting work.

The procedure for assembling the stairs

Assembling a staircase is a labor-intensive and lengthy process consisting of several stages:

1. First you need to make stringers; for this it is better to take boards with a spare length. Mark the slots using a carpenter's angle and mark the places for cutting the steps. Next, the stringers are cut. The resulting elements must be compared with each other, otherwise the strength of the structure is sharply reduced.

2. The next step is cutting out the area beam. Its width is calculated as follows: the width of the stairs + double the thickness of the stringer. We make cuts in the beam, retreating 7-8 centimeters from the edge, after which we fix it to the ceiling using anchors. We install the stringers in the grooves and secure them with pins or dowels.

3. Now we move on to the installation of steps and risers. There are several ways to secure them (see picture below).

You have insulated the attic space, finished the walls and finished installation work- this means it’s time to move on to the construction of the staircase to the upper floor. There is a wide selection of products on the market, but the best option in this case, it will be making the stairs yourself. Give preference simple models, and also take into account the features of the room and the purpose of the structure.